PWC Energy Industry Economic Contributions Report

THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY ON THE U.S.
ECONOMY: EMPLOYMENT, LABOR INCOME AND VALUE ADDED
Prepared for
American Petroleum Institute
September 8, 2009
National Economics & Statistics
THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY ON THE U.S. ECONOMY: EMPLOYMENT, LABOR INCOME AND VALUE ADDED
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................1 I. II. III. IV. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................4 INDUSTRY DEFINITION............................................................................................6 TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT ....................................................................................9 ECONOMIC IMPACT BREAKDOWN: DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND INDUCED IMPACTS .................................................................................................................15
APPENDICES: A. B. DETAILED STATE-BY-STATE OPERATIONAL IMPACT RESULTS .................. A-1 DATA SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................... B-1
THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY ON THE U.S. ECONOMY: EMPLOYMENT, LABOR INCOME AND VALUE ADDED Executive Summary The oil and natural gas industry, a vital link in the nation's energy supply, makes important contributions to the U.S. economy by providing an economical energy source for transportation and the production of other goods and services. The oil and natural gas industry currently supplies more than 60% of the nation's total energy demands and more than 99% of the fuel used by Americans in their cars and trucks1, while 900 of the next 1000 U.S. power plants are projected to use natural gas.2 In addition to the important products made available by the oil and natural gas industry, the industry also makes significant economic contributions as an employer and purchaser of goods and services. The oil and natural gas industry is one of the largest employers in the country, employing millions of Americans in exploring, producing, processing, transporting, and marketing oil and natural gas. Millions of jobs in other industries are supported by the oil and natural gas industrys purchases of intermediate inputs and capital goods from other U.S. producers. These businesses include equipment suppliers, construction services, management services, food services, and many other types of support services. These supporting businesses, in turn, purchase goods and services, spurring additional economic activities. Further, employees and business owners make personal purchases out of the additional income that is generated by this process, sending more new demands rippling through the economy. The purpose of this report is to quantify the contribution of the U.S. oil and natural gas industry to the U.S. national and state economies in terms of employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits, as well as proprietors' income), and value added.3 The direct impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and value added within the oil and natural gas industry. The indirect impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and value added occurring within other industries that provide goods and services to the oil and natural gas industry. The induced impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and value added resulting from household spending of income earned either directly or indirectly from the oil and natural gas industrys spending. The combination of these three effects comprises the total contribution of the U.S. oil and natural gas industry. At the national level, this report quantifies both the industrys operational impact (due to purchases of intermediate inputs) and capital investment impact (due to purchases of new structures and equipment). The report does not address the economic effects of the use of oil and natural gas in the economy. In 2007, the most recent year for which data are available, PricewaterhouseCoopers estimates that, combining the operational and capital investment impacts, the U.S. oil and natural gas industry's total employment contribution to the national economy amounted to 9.2 million full-time and part-time jobs, accounting for 5.2 percent of the total employment in the country (see Table E-1). The associated labor income,
1 2
http://www.api.org/aboutoilgas/ and http://www.energy.gov/energysources/oil.htm http://www.energy.gov/energysources/naturalgas.htm 3 Value added refers to the additional value created at a particular stage of production. It is a measure of the overall importance of an industry. Value added consists of: employee compensation, proprietors' income, income to capital owners from property, and indirect business taxes (i.e., those borne by consumers rather than producers).
including proprietors' income, was estimated to be $558 billion, or 6.3 percent of the national labor income total. The industry's total value-added contribution to the national economy was over $1 trillion, accounting for 7.5 percent of U.S. GDP in 2007. Table E-1. Total Contribution of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry to the U.S. Economy, 2007
Item Operational Impact Employment* Labor Income ($ millions)** Value Added ($ millions) Capital Investment Impact Employment* Labor Income ($ millions)** Value Added ($ millions) Total Impacts Employment* Labor Income ($ millions)** Value Added ($ millions) 9,237,381 558,260 1,037,060 5.2% 6.3% 7.5% 1,418,944 81,012 121,690 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 7,818,437 477,249 915,370 4.4% 5.4% 6.6% Amount Percent of U.S. Total
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). Numbers may not add to total due to rounding. * Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. ** Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
The economic impact of the oil and natural gas industry reaches all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Due to data limitations, this study has only quantified the oil and natural gas industry's operational impact at the state level. The total number of jobs directly or indirectly attributable to the oil and natural gas industry's operations ranged from a low of 12,815 (in the District of Columbia) to more than 1.7 million (in Texas). The top 15 states, in terms of the total number of jobs directly or indirectly attributable to the oil and natural gas industry's operations in 2007 (Table E-2a) were Texas, California, Oklahoma, Louisiana, New York, Pennsylvania, Florida, Illinois, Ohio, Colorado, Michigan, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, and New Jersey. Combined these states account for nearly 70 percent of the total jobs attributable to the U.S. oil and natural gas industry's operations.
Table E-2a. Total Operational Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry, 2007 Top 15 States, Ranked by Total Employment Contribution
State
Texas California Oklahoma Louisiana New York Pennsylvania Florida Illinois Ohio Colorado Michigan Georgia North Carolina Virginia New Jersey
Employment* Percent of Amount State Total

1,772,335 752,614 348,627 330,053 281,267 271,250 267,277 260,001 229,438 190,408 179,495 145,806 145,779 143,479 143,342 13.1% 3.7% 16.3% 13.4% 2.6% 3.8% 2.6% 3.5% 3.4% 6.0% 3.3% 2.7% 2.7% 3.0% 2.8%
Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) State Total

140,941 54,122 22,550 18,449 21,452 14,494 11,441 16,953 11,121 12,438 9,820 6,841 6,007 6,923 9,461 19.5% 4.6% 24.7% 16.6% 3.0% 4.1% 2.6% 4.2% 3.7% 7.7% 3.8% 2.7% 2.6% 2.7% 3.1%
Value Added Percent of ($ Million) State Total

293,760 100,958 47,839 35,986 36,347 25,772 19,946 31,323 20,201 24,099 17,711 12,032 10,623 11,968 16,853 24.2% 5.5% 31.3% 20.6% 3.3% 4.8% 2.8% 5.0% 4.5% 9.3% 4.4% 3.0% 2.9% 3.1% 3.5%
The oil and natural gas industry directly and indirectly supported 4 percent or more of the total employment in 15 states in 2007 (see Table E-2b): Wyoming (18.8 percent) Oklahoma (16.3 percent), Louisiana (13.4 percent), Texas (13.1 percent), Alaska (9.8 percent), New Mexico (8.1 percent), West Virginia (6.7 percent), Kansas (6.5 percent), Colorado (6.0 percent), North Dakota (5.7 percent), Mississippi (5.5 percent), Montana (5.3 percent), Utah (4.7 percent), Arkansas (4.4 percent) and Nebraska (4.0 percent). Table E-2b. Total Operational Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry, 2007 Top 15 States, Ranked by Employment Share of State Total
State
Wyoming Oklahoma Louisiana Texas Alaska New Mexico West Virginia Kansas Colorado North Dakota Mississippi Montana Utah Arkansas Nebraska

71,063 348,627 330,053 1,772,335 43,454 88,814 60,891 119,051 190,408 27,914 83,820 34,210 76,188 69,640 49,784 18.8% 16.3% 13.4% 13.1% 9.8% 8.1% 6.7% 6.5% 6.0% 5.7% 5.5% 5.3% 4.7% 4.4% 4.0%

4,060 22,550 18,449 140,941 3,143 4,307 2,740 6,738 12,438 1,346 3,609 1,584 3,960 2,884 2,743 24.3% 24.7% 16.6% 19.5% 13.5% 9.5% 7.4% 8.8% 7.7% 7.6% 6.5% 7.0% 5.9% 4.9% 5.6%

8,432 47,839 35,986 293,760 6,064 8,292 5,412 14,029 24,099 2,773 7,244 3,324 7,822 5,589 5,112 29.4% 31.3% 20.6% 24.2% 16.6% 12.2% 9.4% 11.4% 9.3% 9.6% 8.4% 8.9% 7.6% 6.0% 6.7%
THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY ON THE U.S. ECONOMY: EMPLOYMENT, LABOR INCOME AND VALUE ADDED I. Introduction The purpose of this report is to quantify the contribution of the U.S. oil and natural gas industry as an employer and purchaser of goods and services to the U.S. national and state economies in terms of employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits, as well as proprietors' income), and value added.4 At the national level, this study quantifies both the industry's operational impact from its purchase of intermediate inputs and capital investment impact from its purchases of new structures and equipment, while at the state level, this study has only quantified the industry's operational impact due to data limitations. The economic effects of the use of oil and natural gas in the economy are beyond the scope of this analysis. In describing the economic impact of the U.S. oil and natural gas industry through its employment and purchases of goods and services, it is standard to consider three separate channels that in aggregate constitute the total economic impact of the oil and natural gas industry: direct impact, indirect impact, and induced impact.

Direct impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and value added within the oil and natural gas industry. Indirect impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and value added occurring within other industries that provide goods and services to the oil and natural gas industry. Induced impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and value added resulting from household spending of income earned either directly or indirectly from the oil and natural gas industrys spending.
In total, these three effects result in the oil and natural gas industry having a widespread economic impact throughout all sectors of the U.S. economy and in all geographic areas. Using the IMPLAN input-output modeling system, PricewaterhouseCoopers has built customized multiplier models for the U.S. as a whole, as well as the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The models document the oil and natural gas industrys economic contributions at the national and state level in 2007, the most recent historical year for which a consistent set of national and state level data are available from the IMPLAN modeling system.5 The input-output multiplier models trace all the backward linkages among industries in a geographic region.6 They do not capture any forward linkages (i.e., the link between an industry producing a good or service and the consumers of that good or service). The rest of this report is organized as follows. Section II defines the oil and natural gas industry for this study. Section III presents the direct impact analysis, followed by
Value added refers to the additional value created at a particular stage of production. It is a measure of the overall importance of an industry. Value added consists of: employee compensation, proprietors' income, income to capital owners from property, and indirect business taxes (i.e., those borne by consumers rather than producers). 5 The IMPLAN input-output economic modeling system is supported by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group. Its current users include academia, federal, state, and local governments, and the private sector. 6 A backward linkage is between an industry and its suppliers.
4
indirect and induced impact analysis in Section IV. Detailed state-by-state operational impact results are presented in Appendix A. Data sources and methodology used in this research report are discussed in Appendix B.
II. Industry Definition In government economic statistics, the oil and natural gas industry encompasses a number of sectors. Oil and natural gas production is included in the mining sector; oil refining is part of the manufacturing sector; pipeline operations are included in the transportation sector; natural gas distribution is in the utilities sector; and oil marketing is considered part of the wholesale and retail trade sector. For the economic impact analysis, PricewaterhouseCoopers has defined the oil and natural gas industry based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Table 1 shows the composition of the industry as defined by PricewaterhouseCoopers, followed by detailed NAICS descriptions. Table 1. Composition of Oil and Natural Gas Industry NAICS 211 213111 213112 2212 2212 23712 32411 324191 IMPLAN SECTOR 20 28 29 32 432* 36* 115 118 Description
Oil and gas extraction (including NGL extraction) Drilling oil and gas wells Support activities for oil and gas operations Natural gas distribution (private) Natural gas distribution (public) Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction Petroleum refineries Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing Asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials 32412 116,117 manufacturing 4247 319* Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 486 337 Pipeline transportation 44711 326 Gasoline stations with convenience stores 44719 326 Other gasoline stations 45431 331* Fuel dealers * Other activities outside the oil and natural gas industry are also included in this IMPLAN sector. NAICS 211. Oil and gas extraction. Establishments in this subsector operate and/or develop oil and gas field properties. Such activities may include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping wells; operating separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, and field gathering lines for crude petroleum and natural gas; and all other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the producing property. This subsector includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from oil shale and oil sands, and the production of natural gas, sulfur recovery from natural gas, and recovery of hydrocarbon liquids. Establishments in this subsector include those that operate oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. NAICS 213111. Drilling oil and gas wells. This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in drilling oil and gas wells for others on a contract or fee basis. This industry includes contractors that specialize in spudding in, drilling in, redrilling, and directional drilling.
NAICS 213112. Support activities for oil and gas operations. This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing support activities on a contract or fee basis for oil and gas operations (except site preparation and related construction activities). Services included are exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping); excavating slush pits and cellars, well surveying; running, cutting, and pulling casings, tubes, and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; perforating well casings; acidizing and chemically treating wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells. NAICS 2212. Natural gas distribution. This subsector comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating gas distribution systems (e.g., mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gas marketers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distribution system; (3) establishments known as gas brokers or agents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distribution systems operated by others; and (4) establishments primarily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to final consumers. Both privately and publicly owned establishments are included in this study. NAICS 23712. Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction. This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of oil and gas lines, mains, refineries, and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of oil and gas networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, and refineries) are included in this subsector. NAICS 32411. Petroleum refineries. This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum. Petroleum refining involves one or more of the following activities: (1) fractionation; (2) straight distillation of crude oil; and (3) cracking. NAICS 324191. Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing. This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in blending or compounding refined petroleum to make lubricating oils and greases and/or re-refining used petroleum lubricating oils. NAICS 32412. Asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials manufacturing. This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing asphalt and tar paving mixtures and blocks and roofing cements and coatings from purchased asphaltic materials and/or (2) saturating purchased mats and felts with asphalt or tar from purchased asphaltic materials. NAICS 4247. Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers. This subsector comprises establishments with bulk liquid storage facilities primarily engaged in the merchant wholesale distribution of crude petroleum and petroleum products, including liquefied petroleum gas. NAICS 486. Pipeline transportation. Establishments in this subsector use transmission pipelines to transport products, such as crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, and slurry. It also includes the storage of natural gas because the
storage is usually done by the pipeline establishment and because a pipeline is inherently a network in which all the nodes are interdependent. NAICS 44711. Gasoline stations with convenience stores. This subsector comprises establishments engaged in retailing automotive fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, gasohol, gasoline) in combination with convenience store or food mart items. These establishments can either be in a convenience store (i.e., food mart) setting or a gasoline station setting. These establishments may also provide automotive repair services. NAICS 44719. Other gasoline stations. This subsector comprises establishments known as gasoline stations (except those with convenience stores) primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) retailing automotive fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, gasohol, gasoline) or (2) retailing these fuels in combination with activities, such as providing repair services; selling automotive oils, replacement parts, and accessories; and/or providing food services NAICS 45431. Fuel dealers. This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing heating oil, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, and other fuels via direct selling.
III. Total Economic Impact This section presents the estimated total economic impact of the oil and natural gas industry on the U.S. national and state economies. As shown below, the oil and natural gas industry has a widespread economic impact throughout all sectors of the economy and across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The total economic impact we have measured includes the direct impact (the jobs and value added within the oil and natural gas industry), the indirect impact (the jobs and value added occurring within other industries that provide goods and services to the oil and natural gas industry), and the induced impact (the jobs and value added resulting from household spending of income earned either directly or indirectly from the oil and natural gas industrys spending). At the national level, both the industry's operational impact and capital investment impacts are included. At the state level, only the industry's operational impact is reported due to data limitations. The analysis was conducted using published government data sources and the IMPLAN input-output modeling system. A. National Impact As shown in Table 2, the total economic contribution of the oil and natural gas industry in terms of jobs, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), and value added is significant. Employment PricewaterhouseCoopers estimates that at the national level, each job in the oil and natural gas industry supported more than three jobs elsewhere in the U.S. economy in 2007. In terms of operational impact, the oil and natural gas industry directly and indirectly contributed over 7.8 million full-time and part-time jobs to the national economy in 2007. Further, the oil and natural gas industry's capital investment contributed an additional 1.4 million jobs to the national economy. Combining both operational and capital investment impacts, the oil and natural gas industry's total employment contribution to the national economy amounted to 9.2 million full-time and part-time jobs in 2007, accounting for 5.2 percent of the total employment in the country. Labor Income The associated labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits, as well as proprietors' income) from the total jobs directly or indirectly supported by the oil and natural gas industry through its operational spending and capital investment was estimated to be $558 billion, or 6.3 percent of the national total labor income. Value Added Value added refers to the additional value created at a particular stage of production. Economists use the value-added method as a way to avoid double counting, i.e., the counting of the same input twice. It is a useful measure of the overall importance of an industry. The sum of value added across all industries in a country or region is, by definition, equivalent to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Value added consists of: employee compensation, proprietors' income, income to capital owners from property, and indirect business taxes (i.e., those borne by consumers rather than producers).
PricewaterhouseCoopers estimates that the oil and natural gas industrys operations directly or indirectly contributed $915 billion of value added to the U.S. economy in 2007, and its capital investment resulted in an additional $122 billion of value added. Combining both operational and capital investment impacts, the industry's total valueadded contribution to the national economy was over $1 trillion, accounting for 7.5 percent of U.S. GDP in 2007. Table 2. Total Contribution of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry to the U.S. Economy, 2007
Item Operational Impact Employment* Labor Income ($ millions)** Value Added ($ millions) Capital Investment Impact Employment* Labor Income ($ millions)** Value Added ($ millions) Total Impacts Employment* Labor Income ($ millions)** Value Added ($ millions) 9,237,381 558,260 1,037,060 5.2% 6.3% 7.5% 1,418,944 81,012 121,690 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 7,818,437 477,249 915,370 4.4% 5.4% 6.6% Amount Percent of U.S. Total
B.
State Impact
The oil and natural gas industrys economic impact reaches all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The impact varies from state to state, depending on factors such as each states industry mix, wage structure, spending and saving patterns, and connections to other economies. Table 3a shows the oil and natural gas industry's state-by-state total operational impact in terms of jobs, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), and value added, where the states are shown alphabetically.
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Table 3b is the same as Table 3a, except that the states are ranked in order of the industrys total employment contribution as a percent of each states total employment. The state-level results, as explained earlier, do not include the economic impact of the industry's significant capital investment.
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Table 3a. Total Operational Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry by State in 2007 (Sorted Alphabetically)
State
Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming U.S. Total

94,732 43,454 96,685 69,640 752,614 190,408 62,686 15,437 12,815 267,277 145,806 18,539 24,000 260,001 127,355 63,254 119,051 87,490 330,053 29,897 78,224 112,086 179,495 113,708 83,820 122,820 34,210 49,784 43,140 26,256 143,342 88,814 281,267 145,779 27,914 229,438 348,627 60,122 271,250 16,160 68,303 19,942 114,194 1,772,335 76,188 14,159 143,479 106,616 60,891 103,821 71,063 7,818,437 3.7% 9.8% 2.9% 4.4% 3.7% 6.0% 2.9% 2.9% 1.5% 2.6% 2.7% 2.1% 2.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.1% 6.5% 3.6% 13.4% 3.6% 2.3% 2.7% 3.3% 3.2% 5.5% 3.4% 5.3% 4.0% 2.7% 3.1% 2.8% 8.1% 2.6% 2.7% 5.7% 3.4% 16.3% 2.6% 3.8% 2.7% 2.8% 3.6% 3.1% 13.1% 4.7% 3.3% 3.0% 2.7% 6.7% 2.9% 18.8% 4.4%

4,262 3,143 4,653 2,884 54,122 12,438 4,345 916 1,157 11,441 6,841 855 928 16,953 5,907 2,295 6,738 3,653 18,449 1,051 3,920 7,242 9,820 5,351 3,609 5,253 1,584 2,743 2,088 1,218 9,461 4,307 21,452 6,007 1,346 11,121 22,550 2,590 14,494 822 2,468 763 5,048 140,941 3,960 492 6,923 5,792 2,740 4,053 4,060 477,249 3.9% 13.5% 3.0% 4.9% 4.6% 7.7% 3.1% 3.2% 1.4% 2.6% 2.7% 2.1% 2.7% 4.2% 3.8% 3.0% 8.8% 3.7% 16.6% 3.3% 2.1% 2.9% 3.8% 3.2% 6.5% 3.4% 7.0% 5.6% 2.7% 3.1% 3.1% 9.5% 3.0% 2.6% 7.6% 3.7% 24.7% 2.6% 4.1% 2.8% 2.5% 3.9% 3.1% 19.5% 5.9% 3.0% 2.7% 2.9% 7.4% 2.7% 24.3% 5.4%

7,836 6,064 8,278 5,589 100,958 24,099 7,492 1,707 1,777 19,946 12,032 1,533 1,700 31,323 10,992 4,069 14,029 6,712 35,986 1,948 6,688 12,197 17,711 9,271 7,244 9,115 3,324 5,112 3,839 2,181 16,853 8,292 36,347 10,623 2,773 20,201 47,839 4,494 25,772 1,456 4,292 1,459 8,750 293,760 7,822 900 11,968 10,333 5,412 6,837 8,432 915,370 4.7% 16.6% 3.4% 6.0% 5.5% 9.3% 3.5% 4.0% 1.7% 2.8% 3.0% 2.4% 3.2% 5.0% 4.5% 3.3% 11.4% 4.4% 20.6% 4.0% 2.4% 3.3% 4.4% 3.6% 8.4% 3.9% 8.9% 6.7% 3.1% 3.6% 3.5% 12.2% 3.3% 2.9% 9.6% 4.5% 31.3% 3.0% 4.8% 3.4% 2.8% 4.6% 3.5% 24.2% 7.6% 3.6% 3.1% 3.4% 9.4% 3.0% 29.4% 6.6%
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Table 3b. Total Operational Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry by State in 2007 (Sorted by Employment Share of State Total)
State
Wyoming Oklahoma Louisiana Texas Alaska New Mexico West Virginia Kansas Colorado North Dakota Mississippi Montana Utah Arkansas Nebraska Pennsylvania Alabama California Kentucky South Dakota Maine Illinois Indiana Ohio Missouri Michigan Vermont Minnesota Iowa Tennessee New Hampshire Virginia Wisconsin Arizona Delaware Connecticut New Jersey South Carolina Washington North Carolina Georgia Nevada Massachusetts Rhode Island Oregon Idaho Florida New York Maryland Hawaii District of Columbia U.S. Total

71,063 348,627 330,053 1,772,335 43,454 88,814 60,891 119,051 190,408 27,914 83,820 34,210 76,188 69,640 49,784 271,250 94,732 752,614 87,490 19,942 29,897 260,001 127,355 229,438 122,820 179,495 14,159 113,708 63,254 114,194 26,256 143,479 103,821 96,685 15,437 62,686 143,342 68,303 106,616 145,779 145,806 43,140 112,086 16,160 60,122 24,000 267,277 281,267 78,224 18,539 12,815 7,818,437 18.8% 16.3% 13.4% 13.1% 9.8% 8.1% 6.7% 6.5% 6.0% 5.7% 5.5% 5.3% 4.7% 4.4% 4.0% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.8% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 2.1% 1.5% 4.4%

4,060 22,550 18,449 140,941 3,143 4,307 2,740 6,738 12,438 1,346 3,609 1,584 3,960 2,884 2,743 14,494 4,262 54,122 3,653 763 1,051 16,953 5,907 11,121 5,253 9,820 492 5,351 2,295 5,048 1,218 6,923 4,053 4,653 916 4,345 9,461 2,468 5,792 6,007 6,841 2,088 7,242 822 2,590 928 11,441 21,452 3,920 855 1,157 477,249 24.3% 24.7% 16.6% 19.5% 13.5% 9.5% 7.4% 8.8% 7.7% 7.6% 6.5% 7.0% 5.9% 4.9% 5.6% 4.1% 3.9% 4.6% 3.7% 3.9% 3.3% 4.2% 3.8% 3.7% 3.4% 3.8% 3.0% 3.2% 3.0% 3.1% 3.1% 2.7% 2.7% 3.0% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 2.5% 2.9% 2.6% 2.7% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 2.6% 2.7% 2.6% 3.0% 2.1% 2.1% 1.4% 5.4%

8,432 47,839 35,986 293,760 6,064 8,292 5,412 14,029 24,099 2,773 7,244 3,324 7,822 5,589 5,112 25,772 7,836 100,958 6,712 1,459 1,948 31,323 10,992 20,201 9,115 17,711 900 9,271 4,069 8,750 2,181 11,968 6,837 8,278 1,707 7,492 16,853 4,292 10,333 10,623 12,032 3,839 12,197 1,456 4,494 1,700 19,946 36,347 6,688 1,533 1,777 915,370 29.4% 31.3% 20.6% 24.2% 16.6% 12.2% 9.4% 11.4% 9.3% 9.6% 8.4% 8.9% 7.6% 6.0% 6.7% 4.8% 4.7% 5.5% 4.4% 4.6% 4.0% 5.0% 4.5% 4.5% 3.9% 4.4% 3.6% 3.6% 3.3% 3.5% 3.6% 3.1% 3.0% 3.4% 4.0% 3.5% 3.5% 2.8% 3.4% 2.9% 3.0% 3.1% 3.3% 3.4% 3.0% 3.2% 2.8% 3.3% 2.4% 2.4% 1.7% 6.6%
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Employment The total number of jobs directly or indirectly attributable to the oil and natural gas industry's operations as a percent of each states total employment in 2007 ranged from 1.5 percent (the District of Columbia) to nearly one in every five jobs (Wyoming). The oil and natural gas industry directly and indirectly supported more than 5 percent of the total employment in 12 states in 2007: Wyoming (18.8 percent) Oklahoma (16.3 percent), Louisiana (13.4 percent), Texas (13.1 percent), Alaska (9.8 percent), New Mexico (8.1 percent), West Virginia (6.7 percent), Kansas (6.5 percent), Colorado (6.0 percent), North Dakota (5.7 percent), Mississippi (5.5 percent) and Montana (5.3 percent). In these top 12 states, the oil and natural gas industry on average was directly or indirectly responsible for one in every nine jobs. Labor Income As a percent of each states total labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), the labor income from the total jobs directly and indirectly supported by the oil and natural gas industry's operations ranged from 1.4 percent (the District of Columbia) to one in every four dollars of labor income (Oklahoma) in 2007. The oil and natural gas industrys total labor income contribution exceeded 5 percent of the state total in 14 states: Oklahoma (24.7 percent), Wyoming (24.3 percent), Texas (19.5 percent), Louisiana (16.6 percent), Alaska (13.5 percent), New Mexico (9.5 percent), Kansas (8.8 percent), Colorado (7.7 percent), North Dakota (7.6 percent), West Virginia (7.4 percent), Montana (7.0 percent), Mississippi (6.5 percent), Utah (5.9 percent), and Nebraska (5.6 percent). Value Added As a percent of each states economy, the oil and natural gas industrys total valueadded contribution from its operations ranged from 1.7 percent (the District of Columbia) to just under one in every three dollars of value added (Oklahoma) in 2007. The oil and natural gas industrys total value-added contribution accounted for at least 5 percent of the state total in 17 states: Oklahoma (31.3 percent), Wyoming (29.4 percent), Texas (24.2 percent), Louisiana (20.6 percent), Alaska (16.6 percent), New Mexico (12.2 percent), Kansas (11.4 percent), North Dakota (9.6 percent), West Virginia (9.4 percent), Colorado (9.3 percent), Montana (8.9 percent), Mississippi (8.4 percent), Utah (7.6 percent), Nebraska (6.7 percent), Arkansas (6.0 percent), California (5.5 percent), and Illinois (5.0 percent).
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IV. Economic Impact Breakdown: Direct, Indirect, and Induced Impacts As noted earlier, the total economic impact presented in the previous section includes the direct impact (the jobs, labor income, and value added within the oil and natural gas industry), the indirect impact (the jobs and value added occurring within other industries that provide goods and services to the oil and natural gas industry), and the induced impact (the jobs and value added resulting from household spending of income earned either directly or indirectly from the oil and natural gas industrys spending). In this section, the three different economic impacts will be separately identified. Direct Impact Table 4 shows the direct impact of the oil and natural gas industry by NAICS subsectors for the country as a whole in terms of employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), and value added. In 2007, the oil and natural gas industry directly provided 2.1 million jobs for American workers with approximately $200 billion in wages and salaries and fringe benefits and proprietors' income. The industry directly contributed over $450 billion to the national GDP. Table 4. Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in the U.S. Economy by Sub-sector, 2007
NAICS Sub-sector Description Employment* Amount 211 213111 213112 2212 2212 23712 32411 324191 32412 4247 486 Oil and gas extraction (including NGL extraction) Drilling oil and gas wells Support activities for oil and gas operations Natural gas distribution (private) Natural gas distribution (public) Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction Petroleum refineries Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing Asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials manufacturing Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers Pipeline transportation 368,451 87,996 205,662 108,900 8,654 97,817 70,410 9,543 26,387 103,472 39,377 905,803 90,817 2,123,291 Labor Income** ($ Millons) 67,989 8,215 16,843 17,892 538 4,930 31,055 2,351 5,740 7,408 9,764 25,150 1,470 199,344 Value Added ($ Millons) 161,763 41,986 22,276 43,816 770 5,312 85,483 5,177 13,033 12,536 12,268 48,117 4,434 456,971
44711, 44719 Gasoline stations 45431 Fuel dealers Total Oil and Natural Gas Industry
Source: IMPLAN 2007 database, U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Labor.
* Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. ** Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
Table 5a shows the direct employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income) and value added impacts of the oil and natural
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gas industry as a whole by state, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 5b is the same as Table 5a, except that the states are ranked by the oil and natural gas industry's direct employment. In 2007, the ten states with the largest combined direct employment effect generated by the oil and natural gas industry were, in order: Texas, California, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Florida, New York, Illinois, and Colorado. These top ten states accounted for 54.7 percent of the oil and natural gas industrys national direct employment, 74.0 percent of the oil and natural gas industrys national direct labor income, and 75.3 percent of the oil and natural gas industrys national direct value added in 2007. Indirect and induced Impacts The oil and natural gas industry purchases intermediate inputs from a variety of other U.S. industries, supporting jobs in these industries and spurring additional rounds of purchases. Meanwhile, employees and business owners make personal purchases out of the additional income that is generated by this process. The jobs, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), and value added supported by this cycle of spending, or multiplier process, are referred to as the indirect and induced economic impacts. In addition, the oil and natural gas industry purchases capital goods from a variety of U.S. suppliers, which has a similar multiplier effect on the rest of the U.S. economy. Based on data from the Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Commerce, PricewaterhouseCoopers estimates that the oil and natural gas industry invested over $150 billion in new equipment and structures in 2007. PricewaterhouseCoopers quantified these indirect and induced impacts of both the oil and natural gas industry's operational and capital spending using the customized impact models PricewaterhouseCoopers has built based on the IMPLAN modeling system. Table 6 shows the oil and natural gas industrys indirect and induced impacts by sector, separately identifying its operational and capital investment impacts. PricewaterhouseCoopers estimates that in addition to the 2.1 million direct jobs in the oil and natural gas industry, the industrys purchase of intermediate inputs from other U.S. suppliers supported 5.7 million indirect and induced jobs in other industries across the country in 2007, while its capital investment supported an additional 1.4 million indirect and induced jobs across many sectors of the U.S. economy. Combined, the oil and natural gas industry directly or indirectly contributed more than 9.2 million jobs to the U.S. economy. The service sector received the largest number of indirect and induced jobs from the oil and natural gas industry's spending (3.4 million) in 2007, followed by wholesale and retail trade (1.2 million), finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing (0.8 million), and manufacturing (0.7 million). The estimated nationwide indirect and induced labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income) was $359 billion and the indirect and induced value added was $580 billion in 2007.
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Table 5a. Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry by State, 2007 (Sorted Alphabetically)
State
Direct Employment* Percent of Amount U.S. Total

32,917 16,854 25,157 26,533 159,728 49,366 15,327 4,548 1,713 61,914 41,197 4,019 7,765 55,581 37,898 22,758 38,790 32,196 109,003 12,712 17,622 25,070 45,946 33,430 32,492 38,430 12,852 14,465 13,049 8,909 32,434 33,116 56,149 44,040 11,788 65,413 98,306 15,707 73,792 4,265 23,372 8,223 35,187 432,147 21,404 6,008 47,908 25,362 26,420 31,978 32,029 2,123,291 1.6% 0.8% 1.2% 1.2% 7.5% 2.3% 0.7% 0.2% 0.1% 2.9% 1.9% 0.2% 0.4% 2.6% 1.8% 1.1% 1.8% 1.5% 5.1% 0.6% 0.8% 1.2% 2.2% 1.6% 1.5% 1.8% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.4% 1.5% 1.6% 2.6% 2.1% 0.6% 3.1% 4.6% 0.7% 3.5% 0.2% 1.1% 0.4% 1.7% 20.4% 1.0% 0.3% 2.3% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 1.5% 100%
Direct Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

1,678 1,953 1,261 1,248 19,957 5,358 1,029 297 151 2,291 1,630 219 315 5,807 2,069 704 3,623 1,405 9,402 382 730 1,690 3,426 1,332 1,770 1,499 854 1,364 594 372 2,378 2,183 4,767 1,461 778 3,795 13,808 635 4,418 242 640 342 1,371 77,924 1,742 178 1,825 1,489 1,438 931 2,590 199,344 0.8% 1.0% 0.6% 0.6% 10.0% 2.7% 0.5% 0.1% 0.1% 1.1% 0.8% 0.1% 0.2% 2.9% 1.0% 0.4% 1.8% 0.7% 4.7% 0.2% 0.4% 0.8% 1.7% 0.7% 0.9% 0.8% 0.4% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% 1.2% 1.1% 2.4% 0.7% 0.4% 1.9% 6.9% 0.3% 2.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.7% 39.1% 0.9% 0.1% 0.9% 0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 1.3% 100%
Direct Value Added Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

3,513 3,974 2,592 2,850 45,525 12,364 2,306 736 361 4,636 3,297 477 674 13,366 4,651 1,374 8,738 2,992 20,971 846 1,509 3,754 7,369 2,822 4,133 3,018 2,028 2,874 1,227 821 5,433 4,812 10,544 2,925 1,809 8,442 32,893 1,313 9,661 533 1,246 715 2,743 185,760 4,167 384 3,755 3,300 3,188 1,787 5,762 456,971 0.8% 0.9% 0.6% 0.6% 10.0% 2.7% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 1.0% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1% 2.9% 1.0% 0.3% 1.9% 0.7% 4.6% 0.2% 0.3% 0.8% 1.6% 0.6% 0.9% 0.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2% 1.2% 1.1% 2.3% 0.6% 0.4% 1.8% 7.2% 0.3% 2.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.6% 40.7% 0.9% 0.1% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.4% 1.3% 100%
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Table 5b. Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry by State, 2007 (Sorted by Direct Employment)
State
Texas California Louisiana Oklahoma Pennsylvania Ohio Florida New York Illinois Colorado Virginia Michigan North Carolina Georgia Kansas Missouri Indiana Tennessee Minnesota New Mexico Alabama Mississippi New Jersey Kentucky Wyoming Wisconsin Arkansas West Virginia Washington Arizona Massachusetts South Carolina Iowa Utah Maryland Alaska Oregon Connecticut Nebraska Nevada Montana Maine North Dakota New Hampshire South Dakota Idaho Vermont Delaware Rhode Island Hawaii District of Columbia U.S. Total
Direct Employment* Percent of Amount U.S. Total

432,147 159,728 109,003 98,306 73,792 65,413 61,914 56,149 55,581 49,366 47,908 45,946 44,040 41,197 38,790 38,430 37,898 35,187 33,430 33,116 32,917 32,492 32,434 32,196 32,029 31,978 26,533 26,420 25,362 25,157 25,070 23,372 22,758 21,404 17,622 16,854 15,707 15,327 14,465 13,049 12,852 12,712 11,788 8,909 8,223 7,765 6,008 4,548 4,265 4,019 1,713 2,123,291 20.4% 7.5% 5.1% 4.6% 3.5% 3.1% 2.9% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 2.3% 2.2% 2.1% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 100%
Direct Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

77,924 19,957 9,402 13,808 4,418 3,795 2,291 4,767 5,807 5,358 1,825 3,426 1,461 1,630 3,623 1,499 2,069 1,371 1,332 2,183 1,678 1,770 2,378 1,405 2,590 931 1,248 1,438 1,489 1,261 1,690 640 704 1,742 730 1,953 635 1,029 1,364 594 854 382 778 372 342 315 178 297 242 219 151 199,344 39.1% 10.0% 4.7% 6.9% 2.2% 1.9% 1.1% 2.4% 2.9% 2.7% 0.9% 1.7% 0.7% 0.8% 1.8% 0.8% 1.0% 0.7% 0.7% 1.1% 0.8% 0.9% 1.2% 0.7% 1.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.8% 0.3% 0.4% 0.9% 0.4% 1.0% 0.3% 0.5% 0.7% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 100%
Direct Value Added Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

185,760 45,525 20,971 32,893 9,661 8,442 4,636 10,544 13,366 12,364 3,755 7,369 2,925 3,297 8,738 3,018 4,651 2,743 2,822 4,812 3,513 4,133 5,433 2,992 5,762 1,787 2,850 3,188 3,300 2,592 3,754 1,246 1,374 4,167 1,509 3,974 1,313 2,306 2,874 1,227 2,028 846 1,809 821 715 674 384 736 533 477 361 456,971 40.7% 10.0% 4.6% 7.2% 2.1% 1.8% 1.0% 2.3% 2.9% 2.7% 0.8% 1.6% 0.6% 0.7% 1.9% 0.7% 1.0% 0.6% 0.6% 1.1% 0.8% 0.9% 1.2% 0.7% 1.3% 0.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 0.9% 0.3% 0.9% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 100%
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Table 6. The Direct, Indirect, and Induced Impacts of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry to the U.S Economy, 2007
Sector Description Employment* Labor Income** Value Added ($ million) ($ million) 199,344 358,916 277,905 1,850 873 3,695 10,507 27,821 35,359 10,341 10,896 40,399 123,227 12,937 81,012 343 164 614 678 22,115 14,352 3,551 4,310 7,088 26,235 1,562 558,260 456,971 580,089 458,399 4,412 1,755 12,637 12,964 42,778 57,983 14,012 21,481 124,795 151,073 14,510 121,690 785 313 2,015 758 30,544 22,932 4,734 7,843 19,507 30,647 1,612 1,037,060
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impact on Other Industries***: Operational Impact Agriculture Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Services Other Capital Investment Impact Agriculture Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Services Other Total Economic Impact
2,123,291 7,114,090 5,695,146 104,549 9,268 22,523 207,528 397,299 892,854 206,629 124,081 708,422 2,834,634 187,359 1,418,944 17,993 1,630 3,749 13,395 283,535 281,908 69,863 41,778 120,482 564,840 19,771 9,237,381
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). * Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. ** Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income. *** Indirect and induced impacts on other industries exclude NAICS codes grouped under the oil and natural gas industry.
The remainder of this section provides more detail on the operational economic impacts of the oil and natural gas industry at the state level. Due to data limitations, these statelevel impacts exclude economic impacts from capital investment in the oil and natural gas industry. Table 7a shows the sum of the oil and natural gas industry's indirect and induced effects from its operations (i.e., not including its capital investment impact) in terms of employment, value added, and labor income in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 7b is the same as Table 7a except that the states are ranked in order of the indirect and induced employment effect. In 2007, the five states with the largest combined indirect and induced employment effects generated by the oil and natural gas industry were, in order: Texas, California, Oklahoma, New York, and Louisiana. These top five states accounted for 46.2 percent
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of the oil and natural gas industrys national combined indirect and induced employment, 47.4 percent of the oil and natural gas industrys national combined indirect and induced labor income, and 47.8 percent of the oil and natural gas industrys national combined indirect and induced value added in 2007. Table 8a shows the direct, indirect, induced and total employment contribution of the oil and natural gas industry from its operations in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 8b is the same as Table 8a except that the states are ranked in order of the industrys total employment contribution from its operations as a percent of each states total employment. Using this metric, the top five states in 2007 were, in order: Wyoming (18.8 percent), Oklahoma (16.3 percent), Louisiana (13.4 percent), Texas (13.1 percent), and Alaska (9.8 percent). Table 9a shows the direct, indirect, induced and total labor income contribution of the oil and natural gas industry from its operations in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 9b is the same as Table 9a except the states are ranked in order of the industry's total contribution from its operations as a percent of each state's total labor income. The top five states by this metric in 2007 were, in order: Oklahoma (24.7 percent), Wyoming (24.3 percent), Texas (19.5 percent), Louisiana (16.6 percent), and Alaska (13.5 percent). Table 10a shows the direct, indirect, induced and total value-added contribution of the oil and natural gas industry from its operations in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 10b is the same as Table 10a except that the states are ranked in order of the industry's total contribution from its operations to each state's GDP. The top five states by this metric in 2007 were, in order: Oklahoma (31.3 percent), Wyoming (29.4 percent), Texas (24.2 percent), Louisiana (20.6 percent), and Alaska (16.6 percent). More detailed state-by-state operational impact results are included in Appendix A. The primary data source for the direct impact of the oil and natural gas industry is the IMPLAN 2007 database. The IMPLAN database represents a consistent set of economic data processed from various published sources (such as the Bureau of Economic Analysiss National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and Regional Economic Information System (REIS), the Census Bureaus County Business Patterns (CBP), and the Bureau of Labor Statistics Covered Employee and Wages Program (CEW) in a variety of formats and under varying disclosure restrictions. In cases where a NAICS code in our definition of the oil and natural gas industry does not have a one-to-one correspondence with an IMPLAN sector, employment data from the Department of Labor and Census Bureau for the NAICS code were used and PricewaterhouseCoopers estimated the corresponding value added and labor income using the IMPLAN database. Appendix B provides a more detailed discussion of the data sources and estimating methodology.
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Table 7a. Indirect and Induced Impacts of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations by State (Sorted Alphabetically), 2007
Employment* State
Labor Income** ($ Million)

2,584 1,190 3,393 1,636 34,164 7,080 3,316 619 1,006 9,150 5,210 636 612 11,146 3,838 1,591 3,115 2,248 9,047 668 3,190 5,552 6,394 4,019 1,838 3,754 730 1,379 1,494 847 7,083 2,124 16,685 4,546 569 7,326 8,742 1,955 10,075 581 1,828 422 3,676 63,017 2,218 314 5,098 4,303 1,302 3,122 1,470 277,905
Value Added ($ Million)

4,324 2,090 5,686 2,739 55,433 11,735 5,186 970 1,417 15,311 8,735 1,056 1,027 17,957 6,341 2,696 5,291 3,721 15,015 1,102 5,178 8,443 10,342 6,449 3,111 6,096 1,296 2,238 2,612 1,360 11,420 3,481 25,803 7,697 964 11,759 14,946 3,180 16,111 923 3,046 744 6,007 108,000 3,655 516 8,212 7,032 2,224 5,050 2,670 458,399
Amount
61,815 26,600 71,528 43,106 592,885 141,042 47,359 10,889 11,102 205,363 104,609 14,521 16,235 204,420 89,458 40,496 80,260 55,294 221,050 17,185 60,602 87,016 133,549 80,278 51,328 84,389 21,357 35,319 30,091 17,347 110,908 55,698 225,118 101,739 16,126 164,025 250,321 44,415 197,457 11,895 44,930 11,719 79,007 1,340,188 54,785 8,151 95,571 81,254 34,471 71,843 39,034 5,695,146
Percent of U.S. Total

1.1% 0.5% 1.3% 0.8% 10.4% 2.5% 0.8% 0.2% 0.2% 3.6% 1.8% 0.3% 0.3% 3.6% 1.6% 0.7% 1.4% 1.0% 3.9% 0.3% 1.1% 1.5% 2.3% 1.4% 0.9% 1.5% 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% 1.9% 1.0% 4.0% 1.8% 0.3% 2.9% 4.4% 0.8% 3.5% 0.2% 0.8% 0.2% 1.4% 23.5% 1.0% 0.1% 1.7% 1.4% 0.6% 1.3% 0.7% 100.0%

0.9% 0.4% 1.2% 0.6% 12.3% 2.5% 1.2% 0.2% 0.4% 3.3% 1.9% 0.2% 0.2% 4.0% 1.4% 0.6% 1.1% 0.8% 3.3% 0.2% 1.1% 2.0% 2.3% 1.4% 0.7% 1.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 2.5% 0.8% 6.0% 1.6% 0.2% 2.6% 3.1% 0.7% 3.6% 0.2% 0.7% 0.2% 1.3% 22.7% 0.8% 0.1% 1.8% 1.5% 0.5% 1.1% 0.5% 100.0%

0.9% 0.5% 1.2% 0.6% 12.1% 2.6% 1.1% 0.2% 0.3% 3.3% 1.9% 0.2% 0.2% 3.9% 1.4% 0.6% 1.2% 0.8% 3.3% 0.2% 1.1% 1.8% 2.3% 1.4% 0.7% 1.3% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 0.3% 2.5% 0.8% 5.6% 1.7% 0.2% 2.6% 3.3% 0.7% 3.5% 0.2% 0.7% 0.2% 1.3% 23.6% 0.8% 0.1% 1.8% 1.5% 0.5% 1.1% 0.6% 100.0%
21
Table 7b. Indirect and Induced Impacts of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations by State (Sorted by Employment Impact), 2007
Employment* State Texas California Oklahoma New York Louisiana Florida Illinois Pennsylvania Ohio Colorado Michigan New Jersey Georgia North Carolina Virginia Indiana Massachusetts Missouri Washington Minnesota Kansas Tennessee Wisconsin Arizona Alabama Maryland New Mexico Kentucky Utah Mississippi Connecticut South Carolina Oregon Arkansas Iowa Wyoming Nebraska West Virginia Nevada Alaska Montana New Hampshire Maine Idaho North Dakota Hawaii Rhode Island South Dakota District of Columbia Delaware Vermont U.S. Total Amount 1,340,188 592,885 250,321 225,118 221,050 205,363 204,420 197,457 164,025 141,042 133,549 110,908 104,609 101,739 95,571 89,458 87,016 84,389 81,254 80,278 80,260 79,007 71,843 71,528 61,815 60,602 55,698 55,294 54,785 51,328 47,359 44,930 44,415 43,106 40,496 39,034 35,319 34,471 30,091 26,600 21,357 17,347 17,185 16,235 16,126 14,521 11,895 11,719 11,102 10,889 8,151 5,695,146 Percent of U.S. Total 23.5% 10.4% 4.4% 4.0% 3.9% 3.6% 3.6% 3.5% 2.9% 2.5% 2.3% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 100.0% Labor Income** ($ Million) 63,017 34,164 8,742 16,685 9,047 9,150 11,146 10,075 7,326 7,080 6,394 7,083 5,210 4,546 5,098 3,838 5,552 3,754 4,303 4,019 3,115 3,676 3,122 3,393 2,584 3,190 2,124 2,248 2,218 1,838 3,316 1,828 1,955 1,636 1,591 1,470 1,379 1,302 1,494 1,190 730 847 668 612 569 636 581 422 1,006 619 314 277,905 Percent of U.S. Total 22.7% 12.3% 3.1% 6.0% 3.3% 3.3% 4.0% 3.6% 2.6% 2.5% 2.3% 2.5% 1.9% 1.6% 1.8% 1.4% 2.0% 1.4% 1.5% 1.4% 1.1% 1.3% 1.1% 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 1.2% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% 100.0% Value Added ($ Million) 108,000 55,433 14,946 25,803 15,015 15,311 17,957 16,111 11,759 11,735 10,342 11,420 8,735 7,697 8,212 6,341 8,443 6,096 7,032 6,449 5,291 6,007 5,050 5,686 4,324 5,178 3,481 3,721 3,655 3,111 5,186 3,046 3,180 2,739 2,696 2,670 2,238 2,224 2,612 2,090 1,296 1,360 1,102 1,027 964 1,056 923 744 1,417 970 516 458,399 Percent of U.S. Total 23.6% 12.1% 3.3% 5.6% 3.3% 3.3% 3.9% 3.5% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 2.5% 1.9% 1.7% 1.8% 1.4% 1.8% 1.3% 1.5% 1.4% 1.2% 1.3% 1.1% 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 1.1% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 100.0%
22
Table 8a. Employment Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations by State (Sorted Alphabetically), 2007
State
Direct Indirect Induced Total Total Contribution as a % Employment Employment Employment Contribution of State Total Employment
32,917 16,854 25,157 26,533 159,728 49,366 15,327 4,548 1,713 61,914 41,197 4,019 7,765 55,581 37,898 22,758 38,790 32,196 109,003 12,712 17,622 25,070 45,946 33,430 32,492 38,430 12,852 14,465 13,049 8,909 32,434 33,116 56,149 44,040 11,788 65,413 98,306 15,707 73,792 4,265 23,372 8,223 35,187 432,147 21,404 6,008 47,908 25,362 26,420 31,978 32,029 2,123,291 17,834 10,010 19,158 14,493 163,781 46,439 11,841 3,096 2,614 52,765 25,632 3,406 4,192 51,421 26,315 10,834 21,713 16,503 84,767 4,170 14,057 20,819 35,768 22,734 17,480 24,602 7,974 8,606 8,254 4,489 29,900 20,961 49,962 25,416 6,599 45,629 82,368 11,536 55,084 2,714 11,368 3,224 22,045 421,747 17,713 2,120 25,182 21,724 14,085 19,065 16,929 1,661,138 43,981 16,590 52,370 28,613 429,105 94,603 35,518 7,793 8,488 152,598 78,977 11,114 12,043 152,999 63,142 29,662 58,548 38,791 136,283 13,015 46,545 66,197 97,781 57,544 33,847 59,787 13,383 26,712 21,837 12,858 81,008 34,737 175,155 76,323 9,527 118,397 167,953 32,879 142,374 9,181 33,562 8,495 56,962 918,441 37,072 6,031 70,388 59,531 20,386 52,778 22,105 4,034,007 94,732 43,454 96,685 69,640 752,614 190,408 62,686 15,437 12,815 267,277 145,806 18,539 24,000 260,001 127,355 63,254 119,051 87,490 330,053 29,897 78,224 112,086 179,495 113,708 83,820 122,820 34,210 49,784 43,140 26,256 143,342 88,814 281,267 145,779 27,914 229,438 348,627 60,122 271,250 16,160 68,303 19,942 114,194 1,772,335 76,188 14,159 143,479 106,616 60,891 103,821 71,063 7,818,437 3.7% 9.8% 2.9% 4.4% 3.7% 6.0% 2.9% 2.9% 1.5% 2.6% 2.7% 2.1% 2.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.1% 6.5% 3.6% 13.4% 3.6% 2.3% 2.7% 3.3% 3.2% 5.5% 3.4% 5.3% 4.0% 2.7% 3.1% 2.8% 8.1% 2.6% 2.7% 5.7% 3.4% 16.3% 2.6% 3.8% 2.7% 2.8% 3.6% 3.1% 13.1% 4.7% 3.3% 3.0% 2.7% 6.7% 2.9% 18.8% 4.4%
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). Numbers may not add to total due to rounding. Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs.
23
Table 8b. Employment Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations by State (Sorted by Employment Share of State Total), 2007
State
Wyoming Oklahoma Louisiana Texas Alaska New Mexico West Virginia Kansas Colorado North Dakota Mississippi Montana Utah Arkansas Nebraska Pennsylvania Alabama California Kentucky South Dakota Maine Illinois Indiana Ohio Missouri Michigan Vermont Minnesota Iowa Tennessee New Hampshire Virginia Wisconsin Arizona Delaware Connecticut New Jersey South Carolina Washington North Carolina Georgia Nevada Massachusetts Rhode Island Oregon Idaho Florida New York Maryland Hawaii District of Columbia U.S. Total
Direct Indirect Induced Total Total Contribution as a % Employment Employment Employment Contribution of State Total Employment
32,029 98,306 109,003 432,147 16,854 33,116 26,420 38,790 49,366 11,788 32,492 12,852 21,404 26,533 14,465 73,792 32,917 159,728 32,196 8,223 12,712 55,581 37,898 65,413 38,430 45,946 6,008 33,430 22,758 35,187 8,909 47,908 31,978 25,157 4,548 15,327 32,434 23,372 25,362 44,040 41,197 13,049 25,070 4,265 15,707 7,765 61,914 56,149 17,622 4,019 1,713 2,123,291 16,929 82,368 84,767 421,747 10,010 20,961 14,085 21,713 46,439 6,599 17,480 7,974 17,713 14,493 8,606 55,084 17,834 163,781 16,503 3,224 4,170 51,421 26,315 45,629 24,602 35,768 2,120 22,734 10,834 22,045 4,489 25,182 19,065 19,158 3,096 11,841 29,900 11,368 21,724 25,416 25,632 8,254 20,819 2,714 11,536 4,192 52,765 49,962 14,057 3,406 2,614 1,661,138 22,105 167,953 136,283 918,441 16,590 34,737 20,386 58,548 94,603 9,527 33,847 13,383 37,072 28,613 26,712 142,374 43,981 429,105 38,791 8,495 13,015 152,999 63,142 118,397 59,787 97,781 6,031 57,544 29,662 56,962 12,858 70,388 52,778 52,370 7,793 35,518 81,008 33,562 59,531 76,323 78,977 21,837 66,197 9,181 32,879 12,043 152,598 175,155 46,545 11,114 8,488 4,034,007 71,063 348,627 330,053 1,772,335 43,454 88,814 60,891 119,051 190,408 27,914 83,820 34,210 76,188 69,640 49,784 271,250 94,732 752,614 87,490 19,942 29,897 260,001 127,355 229,438 122,820 179,495 14,159 113,708 63,254 114,194 26,256 143,479 103,821 96,685 15,437 62,686 143,342 68,303 106,616 145,779 145,806 43,140 112,086 16,160 60,122 24,000 267,277 281,267 78,224 18,539 12,815 7,818,437 18.8% 16.3% 13.4% 13.1% 9.8% 8.1% 6.7% 6.5% 6.0% 5.7% 5.5% 5.3% 4.7% 4.4% 4.0% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.8% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.3% 2.1% 1.5% 4.4%
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). Numbers may not add to total due to rounding. Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs.
24
Table 9a. Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations on Labor Income by State (Sorted Alphabetically), 2007 ($ Million)
State
Direct Labor Indirect Induced Total Total Contribution as a % of Income Labor Income Labor Income Contribution State Total Labor Income
1,678 1,953 1,261 1,248 19,957 5,358 1,029 297 151 2,291 1,630 219 315 5,807 2,069 704 3,623 1,405 9,402 382 730 1,690 3,426 1,332 1,770 1,499 854 1,364 594 372 2,378 2,183 4,767 1,461 778 3,795 13,808 635 4,418 242 640 342 1,371 77,924 1,742 178 1,825 1,489 1,438 931 2,590 199,344 879 525 1,067 635 11,423 2,875 1,036 207 293 2,808 1,546 178 194 3,609 1,374 512 1,036 791 4,079 190 917 1,671 2,162 1,425 711 1,343 311 416 505 267 2,349 930 4,795 1,384 266 2,552 3,390 619 3,502 167 558 135 1,184 24,742 843 94 1,697 1,379 613 1,026 734 97,947 1,705 665 2,326 1,001 22,741 4,205 2,280 411 713 6,343 3,664 458 418 7,537 2,464 1,079 2,079 1,457 4,968 479 2,274 3,881 4,232 2,594 1,127 2,411 419 963 989 580 4,734 1,194 11,890 3,162 303 4,774 5,352 1,335 6,573 414 1,270 286 2,492 38,276 1,375 220 3,400 2,924 688 2,097 736 179,958 4,262 3,143 4,653 2,884 54,122 12,438 4,345 916 1,157 11,441 6,841 855 928 16,953 5,907 2,295 6,738 3,653 18,449 1,051 3,920 7,242 9,820 5,351 3,609 5,253 1,584 2,743 2,088 1,218 9,461 4,307 21,452 6,007 1,346 11,121 22,550 2,590 14,494 822 2,468 763 5,048 140,941 3,960 492 6,923 5,792 2,740 4,053 4,060 477,249 3.9% 13.5% 3.0% 4.9% 4.6% 7.7% 3.1% 3.2% 1.4% 2.6% 2.7% 2.1% 2.7% 4.2% 3.8% 3.0% 8.8% 3.7% 16.6% 3.3% 2.1% 2.9% 3.8% 3.2% 6.5% 3.4% 7.0% 5.6% 2.7% 3.1% 3.1% 9.5% 3.0% 2.6% 7.6% 3.7% 24.7% 2.6% 4.1% 2.8% 2.5% 3.9% 3.1% 19.5% 5.9% 3.0% 2.7% 2.9% 7.4% 2.7% 24.3% 5.4%
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). Numbers may not add to total due to rounding. Labor income includes wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
25
Table 9b. Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations on Labor Income by State (Sorted by Labor Income Share of State Total), 2007 ($ Million)
State
Oklahoma Wyoming Texas Louisiana Alaska New Mexico Kansas Colorado North Dakota West Virginia Montana Mississippi Utah Nebraska Arkansas California Illinois Pennsylvania Alabama South Dakota Michigan Indiana Ohio Kentucky Missouri Maine Minnesota Delaware Tennessee New Jersey New Hampshire Connecticut Vermont Arizona Iowa New York Massachusetts Washington Rhode Island Nevada Wisconsin Idaho Virginia Georgia Oregon North Carolina Florida South Carolina Hawaii Maryland District of Columbia U.S. Total
Direct Labor Indirect Induced Total Total Contribution as a % of Income Labor Income Labor Income Contribution State Total Labor Income
13,808 2,590 77,924 9,402 1,953 2,183 3,623 5,358 778 1,438 854 1,770 1,742 1,364 1,248 19,957 5,807 4,418 1,678 342 3,426 2,069 3,795 1,405 1,499 382 1,332 297 1,371 2,378 372 1,029 178 1,261 704 4,767 1,690 1,489 242 594 931 315 1,825 1,630 635 1,461 2,291 640 219 730 151 199,344 3,390 734 24,742 4,079 525 930 1,036 2,875 266 613 311 711 843 416 635 11,423 3,609 3,502 879 135 2,162 1,374 2,552 791 1,343 190 1,425 207 1,184 2,349 267 1,036 94 1,067 512 4,795 1,671 1,379 167 505 1,026 194 1,697 1,546 619 1,384 2,808 558 178 917 293 97,947 5,352 736 38,276 4,968 665 1,194 2,079 4,205 303 688 419 1,127 1,375 963 1,001 22,741 7,537 6,573 1,705 286 4,232 2,464 4,774 1,457 2,411 479 2,594 411 2,492 4,734 580 2,280 220 2,326 1,079 11,890 3,881 2,924 414 989 2,097 418 3,400 3,664 1,335 3,162 6,343 1,270 458 2,274 713 179,958 22,550 4,060 140,941 18,449 3,143 4,307 6,738 12,438 1,346 2,740 1,584 3,609 3,960 2,743 2,884 54,122 16,953 14,494 4,262 763 9,820 5,907 11,121 3,653 5,253 1,051 5,351 916 5,048 9,461 1,218 4,345 492 4,653 2,295 21,452 7,242 5,792 822 2,088 4,053 928 6,923 6,841 2,590 6,007 11,441 2,468 855 3,920 1,157 477,249 24.7% 24.3% 19.5% 16.6% 13.5% 9.5% 8.8% 7.7% 7.6% 7.4% 7.0% 6.5% 5.9% 5.6% 4.9% 4.6% 4.2% 4.1% 3.9% 3.9% 3.8% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.4% 3.3% 3.2% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.9% 2.9% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.5% 2.1% 2.1% 1.4% 5.4%
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). Numbers may not add to total due to rounding. Labor income includes wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
26
Table 10a. Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations on Value Added by State (Sorted Alphabetically), 2007 ($ Million)
State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming U.S. Total Direct Indirect Induced Total Total Contribution as a Value Added Value Added Value Added Contribution % of State GDP 3,513 3,974 2,592 2,850 45,525 12,364 2,306 736 361 4,636 3,297 477 674 13,366 4,651 1,374 8,738 2,992 20,971 846 1,509 3,754 7,369 2,822 4,133 3,018 2,028 2,874 1,227 821 5,433 4,812 10,544 2,925 1,809 8,442 32,893 1,313 9,661 533 1,246 715 2,743 185,760 4,167 384 3,755 3,300 3,188 1,787 5,762 456,971 1,458 945 1,742 1,068 17,719 4,648 1,567 320 407 4,552 2,489 289 319 5,635 2,264 861 1,774 1,294 6,760 315 1,432 2,454 3,367 2,220 1,215 2,129 557 662 859 422 3,635 1,501 7,161 2,251 450 4,013 5,932 984 5,470 264 928 243 1,927 42,108 1,383 157 2,570 2,178 1,067 1,625 1,349 158,934 2,866 1,145 3,944 1,672 37,714 7,087 3,619 651 1,009 10,758 6,246 767 708 12,322 4,077 1,834 3,517 2,426 8,255 787 3,746 5,989 6,975 4,228 1,897 3,968 740 1,576 1,753 939 7,785 1,980 18,642 5,447 514 7,746 9,015 2,196 10,641 660 2,118 501 4,081 65,893 2,272 360 5,642 4,854 1,157 3,425 1,321 299,464 7,836 6,064 8,278 5,589 100,958 24,099 7,492 1,707 1,777 19,946 12,032 1,533 1,700 31,323 10,992 4,069 14,029 6,712 35,986 1,948 6,688 12,197 17,711 9,271 7,244 9,115 3,324 5,112 3,839 2,181 16,853 8,292 36,347 10,623 2,773 20,201 47,839 4,494 25,772 1,456 4,292 1,459 8,750 293,760 7,822 900 11,968 10,333 5,412 6,837 8,432 915,370 4.7% 16.6% 3.4% 6.0% 5.5% 9.3% 3.5% 4.0% 1.7% 2.8% 3.0% 2.4% 3.2% 5.0% 4.5% 3.3% 11.4% 4.4% 20.6% 4.0% 2.4% 3.3% 4.4% 3.6% 8.4% 3.9% 8.9% 6.7% 3.1% 3.6% 3.5% 12.2% 3.3% 2.9% 9.6% 4.5% 31.3% 3.0% 4.8% 3.4% 2.8% 4.6% 3.5% 24.2% 7.6% 3.6% 3.1% 3.4% 9.4% 3.0% 29.4% 6.6%
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.
27
Table 10b. Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Operations on Value Added by State (Sorted by Value Added Share of State Total), 2007 ($ Million)
State Oklahoma Wyoming Texas Louisiana Alaska New Mexico Kansas North Dakota West Virginia Colorado Montana Mississippi Utah Nebraska Arkansas California Illinois Pennsylvania Alabama South Dakota Indiana Ohio Michigan Kentucky Maine Delaware Missouri Vermont Minnesota New Hampshire New Jersey Tennessee Connecticut Arizona Rhode Island Washington Massachusetts Iowa New York Idaho Nevada Virginia Oregon Wisconsin Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Florida Hawaii Maryland District of Columbia U.S. Total Direct Indirect Induced Total Total Contribution as a Value Added Value Added Value Added Contribution % of State GDP 32,893 5,762 185,760 20,971 3,974 4,812 8,738 1,809 3,188 12,364 2,028 4,133 4,167 2,874 2,850 45,525 13,366 9,661 3,513 715 4,651 8,442 7,369 2,992 846 736 3,018 384 2,822 821 5,433 2,743 2,306 2,592 533 3,300 3,754 1,374 10,544 674 1,227 3,755 1,313 1,787 3,297 2,925 1,246 4,636 477 1,509 361 456,971 5,932 1,349 42,108 6,760 945 1,501 1,774 450 1,067 4,648 557 1,215 1,383 662 1,068 17,719 5,635 5,470 1,458 243 2,264 4,013 3,367 1,294 315 320 2,129 157 2,220 422 3,635 1,927 1,567 1,742 264 2,178 2,454 861 7,161 319 859 2,570 984 1,625 2,489 2,251 928 4,552 289 1,432 407 158,934 9,015 1,321 65,893 8,255 1,145 1,980 3,517 514 1,157 7,087 740 1,897 2,272 1,576 1,672 37,714 12,322 10,641 2,866 501 4,077 7,746 6,975 2,426 787 651 3,968 360 4,228 939 7,785 4,081 3,619 3,944 660 4,854 5,989 1,834 18,642 708 1,753 5,642 2,196 3,425 6,246 5,447 2,118 10,758 767 3,746 1,009 299,464 47,839 8,432 293,760 35,986 6,064 8,292 14,029 2,773 5,412 24,099 3,324 7,244 7,822 5,112 5,589 100,958 31,323 25,772 7,836 1,459 10,992 20,201 17,711 6,712 1,948 1,707 9,115 900 9,271 2,181 16,853 8,750 7,492 8,278 1,456 10,333 12,197 4,069 36,347 1,700 3,839 11,968 4,494 6,837 12,032 10,623 4,292 19,946 1,533 6,688 1,777 915,370 31.3% 29.4% 24.2% 20.6% 16.6% 12.2% 11.4% 9.6% 9.4% 9.3% 8.9% 8.4% 7.6% 6.7% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.8% 4.7% 4.6% 4.5% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4% 4.0% 4.0% 3.9% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.9% 2.8% 2.8% 2.4% 2.4% 1.7% 6.6%
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.
28
Appendix A: Detailed State-by-State Operational Impact Results
A-1
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Alabama, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 32,917
Direct
32,917
Indirect Induced
Total
32,917
As a % of State Total
1.3% 2.4%
17,834
43,981
61,815 29,069 8,782 7,566 6,619 2,448 1,992 1,371 1,058 382 226 2,302 94,732
7,712 1,104 3,196 1,993 972 1,581 154 346 150 155 472
17,834
21,357 7,678 4,370 4,626 1,477 410 1,218 712 232 71 1,830
43,981
3.7%
Value Added ($ Millions)

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Utilities Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 3,513
Direct
3,513
Indirect Induced
Total
3,513
2.1% 2.6%
1,458 381 328 331 92 55 56 42 80 8 32 53

1,458
2,866 843 746 358 406 92 87 84 20 62 15 154

2,866
4,324 1,224 1,075 689 498 146 143 126 100 70 47 207 7,836
4.7%
Labor Income*** ($ Millions)

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,678
Direct
1,678
Indirect Induced
Total
1,678
1.5% 2.4%
879 324 207 55 93 41 65 19 15 5 18 37

879
1,705 698 250 252 201 63 16 37 26 32 8 121

1,705
2,584 1,022 457 307 294 104 81 56 41 37 26 159 4,262
3.9%
Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers calculations using IMPLAN modeling system (2007 database). * Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. ** Indirect and induced impacts on other industries exclude NAICS codes grouped under the oil and natural gas industry. *** Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
A-2
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Alaska, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Manufacturing Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 16,854
Direct
16,854
Indirect Induced
Total
16,854
3.8% 6.0%
10,010
16,590
26,600 13,444 3,792 3,300 1,520 1,000 675 659 586 200 134 1,292 43,454
4,708 723 1,602 1,397 468 151 150 279 117 100 313
10,010
8,736 3,069 1,697 123 531 524 509 307 83 34 978

16,590
9.8%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Construction Information Utilities Transportation and warehousing Mining Manufacturing Agriculture Other Total Impact 3,974
Direct
3,974
Indirect Induced
Total
3,974
10.9% 5.7%
945 283 283 53 117 43 48 37 31 14 6 31

945
1,145 393 307 165 10 47 32 42 11 27 20 92

1,145
2,090 677 589 218 127 90 80 79 42 41 25 123 6,064
16.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Construction Transportation and warehousing Information Manufacturing Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 1,953
Direct
1,953
Indirect Induced
Total
1,953
8.4% 5.1%
525 221 71 32 94 27 16 9 14 10 2 27
525
665 312 73 103 8 31 18 23 9 3 8 77

665
1,190 533 145 135 103 58 34 33 23 13 10 103 3,143
13.5%
A-3
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Arizona, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Agriculture Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 25,157
Direct
25,157
Indirect Induced
Total
25,157
0.8% 2.1%
19,158
52,370
71,528 36,550 11,034 9,789 4,117 2,325 2,058 1,534 750 407 311 2,654 96,685
9,483 2,957 985 1,822 825 1,541 481 79 281 110 593
19,158
27,067 8,077 8,803 2,295 1,500 517 1,052 671 126 201 2,062
52,370
2.9%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 2,592
Direct
2,592
Indirect Induced
Total
2,592
1.1% 2.3%
1,742 590 462 100 180 62 57 108 38 71 5 68

1,742
3,944 1,330 1,221 579 217 132 106 34 72 32 38 184

3,944
5,686 1,920 1,683 679 397 194 162 142 110 103 43 252 8,278
3.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Mining Utilities Agriculture Other Total Impact 1,261
Direct
1,261
Indirect Induced
Total
1,261
0.8% 2.2%
1,067 488 149 60 116 42 88 30 26 11 3 55

1,067
2,326 1,072 373 352 158 78 28 64 12 21 21 150

2,326
3,393 1,560 521 411 274 120 115 94 38 32 24 205 4,653
3.0%
A-4
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Arkansas, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 26,533
Direct
26,533
Indirect Induced
Total
26,533
1.7% 2.7%
14,493
28,613
43,106 19,704 6,042 4,898 4,384 2,328 1,806 1,429 778 261 90 1,386 69,640
6,077 1,115 2,111 1,652 1,003 1,560 197 298 127 65 288
14,493
13,628 4,927 2,787 2,732 1,325 245 1,231 480 134 25 1,099
28,613
4.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Agriculture Construction Mining Other Total Impact 2,850
Direct
2,850
Indirect Induced
Total
2,850
3.1% 2.9%
1,068 301 223 184 83 71 58 42 11 65 8 23

1,068
1,672 494 368 192 235 113 77 42 65 10 3 73

1,672
2,739 794 591 376 318 184 135 83 76 75 11 96 5,589
6.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 1,248
Direct
1,248
Indirect Induced
Total
1,248
2.1% 2.8%
635 250 112 50 59 42 28 53 5 12 4 21

635
1,001 410 134 147 95 56 44 8 30 12 2 64

1,001
1,636 659 246 197 154 98 72 61 36 24 6 84 2,884
4.9%
A-5
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in California, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 159,728
Direct
159,728
Indirect Induced
Total
159,728
0.8% 2.9%
163,781
429,105
592,885 300,785 90,905 76,871 40,319 19,465 17,246 15,989 9,746 1,234 248 20,079 752,614
80,907 14,087 20,698 16,158 7,487 5,304 12,974 995 536 170 4,464
163,781
219,878 76,818 56,172 24,162 11,977 11,942 3,015 8,751 697 78 15,614
429,105
3.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 45,525
Direct
45,525
Indirect Induced
Total
45,525
2.5% 3.0%
17,719 6,371 4,093 1,540 1,929 1,189 556 1,133 389 69 23 426
17,719
37,714 12,431 11,001 5,513 2,626 2,601 902 255 470 541 11 1,364
37,714
55,433 18,801 15,094 7,053 4,555 3,790 1,458 1,388 859 610 33 1,790 100,958
5.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Construction Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 19,957
Direct
19,957
Indirect Induced
Total
19,957
1.7% 2.9%
11,423 5,284 1,419 918 1,261 637 919 415 39 112 14 404
11,423
22,741 10,087 3,459 3,390 1,882 1,375 207 674 303 141 6 1,218
22,741
34,164 15,371 4,878 4,308 3,144 2,012 1,126 1,090 342 253 20 1,622 54,122
4.6%
A-6
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Colorado, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 49,366
Direct
49,366
Indirect Induced
Total
49,366
1.6% 4.4%
46,439
94,603
141,042 70,026 22,859 19,744 7,212 6,266 4,458 3,113 1,739 596 346 4,684 190,408
21,104 3,889 7,140 6,438 2,971 1,921 1,154 306 309 261 947
46,439
48,923 18,970 12,604 774 3,295 2,537 1,959 1,433 286 85 3,737
94,603
6.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Information Manufacturing Construction Transportation and warehousing Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 12,364
Direct
12,364
Indirect Induced
Total
12,364
4.8% 4.5%
4,648 1,615 1,172 368 325 319 418 125 131 85 15 76

4,648
7,087 2,363 2,022 1,122 542 330 50 166 115 28 68 281

7,087
11,735 3,978 3,194 1,490 867 649 468 291 246 112 83 357 24,099
9.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Information Manufacturing Construction Transportation and warehousing Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 5,358
Direct
5,358
Indirect Induced
Total
5,358
3.3% 4.4%
2,875 1,339 358 220 174 204 339 92 38 36 5 71

2,875
4,205 1,899 627 688 289 226 40 122 34 12 23 246

4,205
7,080 3,237 984 908 463 431 379 214 71 48 28 317 12,438
7.7%
A-7
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Connecticut, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 15,327
Direct
15,327
Indirect Induced
Total
15,327
0.7% 2.2%
11,841
35,518
47,359 24,214 7,205 5,970 4,705 1,518 1,248 771 206 158 31 1,334 62,686
5,448 1,745 510 2,300 566 358 512 25 56 21 301

11,841
18,766 5,460 5,461 2,406 951 890 259 181 102 10 1,032
35,518
2.9%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 2,306
Direct
2,306
Indirect Induced
Total
2,306
1.1% 2.4%
1,567 427 535 320 70 72 40 32 41 1 4 26

1,567
3,619 1,238 1,127 405 434 172 68 62 19 8 2 85

3,619
5,186 1,665 1,662 725 504 243 108 94 59 9 6 111 7,492
3.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,029
Direct
1,029
Indirect Induced
Total
1,029
0.7% 2.3%
1,036 434 216 208 41 38 30 33 9 1 3 25

1,036
2,280 924 594 252 256 89 51 15 18 4 1 77

2,280
3,316 1,358 810 459 296 127 80 48 27 4 4 101 4,345
3.1%
A-8
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Delaware, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 4,548
Direct
4,548
Indirect Induced
Total
4,548
0.9% 2.0%
3,096
7,793
10,889 5,485 1,761 1,468 736 466 268 203 80 75 6 339 15,437
1,550 434 240 256 238 196 58 9 42 4 69

3,096
3,935 1,327 1,229 480 228 72 145 72 33 2 270

7,793
2.9%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Utilities Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 736
Direct
736
Indirect Induced
Total
736
1.7% 2.2%
320 117 82 25 36 17 14 7 13 1 0 6
320
651 215 229 75 55 13 14 18 4 6 0 22

651
970 333 312 100 91 30 28 25 17 6 1 28 1,707
4.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 297
Direct
297
Indirect Induced
Total
297
1.0% 2.2%
207 98 36 22 15 10 4 11 5 1 0 5
207
411 179 98 38 46 10 10 4 4 4 0 18
411
619 277 134 61 61 20 14 14 8 5 0 23 916
3.2%
A-9
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in the District of Columba, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Information Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Construction Manufacturing Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,713
Direct
1,713
Indirect Induced
Total
1,713
As a % of District Total
0.2% 1.3%
2,614
8,488
11,102 7,831 960 653 337 127 105 43 32 1 0 1,013 12,815
1,846 253 171 43 44 81 17 12 0 0 148

2,614
5,985 707 482 293 83 24 26 20 1 0 865

8,488
1.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Information Wholesale and retail trade Utilities Transportation and warehousing Construction Manufacturing Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 361
Direct
361
Indirect Induced
Total
361
0.3% 1.4%
407 254 80 37 6 4 3 6 2 0 0 13
407
1,009 539 222 99 22 8 7 2 4 0 0 106

1,009
1,417 793 302 137 28 13 10 8 7 0 0 119 1,777
1.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Information Wholesale and retail trade Construction Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 151
Direct
151
Indirect Induced
Total
151
0.2% 1.2%
293 210 33 21 4 5 2 2 1 0 0 15
293
713 454 78 55 13 1 4 2 2 0 0 102

713
1,006 664 111 76 17 7 6 4 4 0 0 118 1,157
1.4%
A-10
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Florida, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 61,914
Direct
61,914
Indirect Induced
Total
61,914
0.6% 2.0%
52,765
152,598
205,363 109,231 31,480 27,737 9,341 7,292 6,098 5,200 3,044 699 143 5,098 267,277
26,874 8,400 2,998 4,196 2,430 4,692 1,562 320 285 97 911
52,765
82,357 23,080 24,739 5,145 4,862 1,406 3,639 2,724 413 46 4,187
152,598
2.6%

Sector Description
Direct
4,636
Indirect Induced
Total
4,636
0.7% 2.2%
4,552 1,748 1,263 280 376 219 138 298 110 15 20 85

4,552
10,758 3,941 3,309 1,515 501 494 284 84 160 117 10 344
10,758
15,311 5,689 4,572 1,796 877 713 422 382 270 132 30 429 19,946
2.8%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Construction Transportation and warehousing Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 2,291
Direct
2,291
Indirect Induced
Total
2,291
0.5% 2.0%
2,808 1,408 404 167 248 110 241 100 31 8 12 79

2,808
6,343 3,135 1,021 926 327 244 68 207 47 58 5 305

6,343
9,150 4,543 1,425 1,092 575 354 309 307 78 66 17 384 11,441
2.6%
A-11
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Georgia, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
41,197
Indirect Induced
Total
41,197
0.8% 2.0%
25,632
78,977
104,609 50,793 15,054 13,173 10,259 4,559 3,350 2,044 1,475 550 219 3,132 145,806
12,248 1,489 3,344 3,753 1,418 960 1,370 149 196 148 558
25,632
38,545 13,564 9,830 6,506 3,141 2,390 674 1,327 355 70 2,574
78,977
2.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 3,297
Direct
3,297
Indirect Induced
Total
3,297
0.8% 2.2%
2,489 821 579 366 161 218 108 78 83 11 21 44

2,489
6,246 1,796 1,642 676 872 524 249 164 37 83 10 192

6,246
8,735 2,617 2,220 1,042 1,033 743 358 242 120 93 31 236 12,032
3.0%

Sector Description
Direct
1,630
Indirect Induced
Total
1,630
0.6% 2.0%
1,546 683 201 229 95 109 80 67 22 6 12 43

1,546
3,664 1,472 523 399 531 257 184 30 47 44 6 171

3,664
5,210 2,154 724 628 626 366 264 97 69 49 18 213 6,841
2.7%
A-12
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Hawaii, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 4,019
Direct
4,019
Indirect Induced
Total
4,019
0.5% 1.7%
3,406
11,114
14,521 7,950 1,841 1,839 676 397 337 329 240 82 9 821 18,539
1,826 497 229 207 117 102 241 25 36 6 120

3,406
6,124 1,344 1,610 469 280 235 87 214 46 3 701

11,114
2.1%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 477
Direct
477
Indirect Induced
Total
477
0.8% 1.7%
289 109 74 17 14 13 14 21 11 1 2 13
289
767 303 199 84 31 30 20 7 15 7 1 70

767
1,056 412 273 101 44 43 34 28 27 8 2 83 1,533
2.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Construction Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 219
Direct
219
Indirect Induced
Total
219
0.5% 1.6%
178 89 20 10 9 9 17 6 3 1 1 12
178
458 233 50 52 21 14 6 14 4 4 0 59
458
636 321 70 63 31 24 23 21 7 5 1 71 855
2.1%
A-13
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Idaho, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 7,765
Direct
7,765
Indirect Induced
Total
7,765
0.8% 1.8%
4,192
12,043
16,235 7,759 2,256 2,035 1,340 846 628 474 367 96 41 394 24,000
1,920 235 600 532 83 236 334 112 66 13 62

4,192
5,839 2,021 1,435 808 763 393 140 255 30 28 333

12,043
2.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 674
Direct
674
Indirect Induced
Total
674
1.3% 1.9%
319 114 75 18 42 7 13 10 18 13 5 5
319
708 228 171 107 59 54 21 22 7 6 10 22

708
1,027 342 246 126 102 61 34 32 25 19 15 26 1,700
3.2%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Construction Information Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 315
Direct
315
Indirect Induced
Total
315
0.9% 1.8%
194 93 11 28 21 9 3 15 5 5 1 4
194
418 186 65 44 48 15 19 6 10 2 3 19
418
612 279 76 72 69 24 22 20 15 7 4 23 928
2.7%
A-14
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Illinois, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 55,581
Direct
55,581
Indirect Induced
Total
55,581
0.7% 2.7%
51,421
152,999
204,420 102,815 31,366 25,424 18,082 8,338 5,774 4,028 1,995 738 274 5,585 260,001
22,823 3,751 6,179 8,676 2,553 4,735 1,147 182 299 188 888
51,421
79,993 27,615 19,245 9,406 5,785 1,039 2,880 1,814 439 87 4,697
152,999
3.5%

Sector Description
Direct
13,366
Indirect Induced
Total
13,366
2.1% 2.9%
5,635 1,991 1,265 393 1,003 193 172 354 149 11 30 76

5,635
12,322 4,153 3,722 1,787 1,029 467 401 75 225 90 14 358

12,322
17,957 6,144 4,987 2,180 2,032 660 573 429 374 100 43 434 31,323
5.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 5,807
Direct
5,807
Indirect Induced
Total
5,807
1.4% 2.8%
3,609 1,633 466 630 234 125 287 97 42 3 16 75

3,609
7,537 3,414 1,325 697 1,088 294 61 232 64 24 8 330

7,537
11,146 5,047 1,792 1,327 1,323 419 348 329 106 27 24 405 16,953
4.2%
A-15
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Indiana, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 37,898
Direct
37,898
Indirect Induced
Total
37,898
1.0% 2.4%
26,315
63,142
89,458 40,742 13,343 13,027 9,302 4,223 2,629 1,543 1,511 479 219 2,441 127,355
10,075 1,966 6,315 2,708 1,631 2,126 500 148 211 150 485
26,315
30,667 11,377 6,712 6,594 2,591 503 1,043 1,363 268 69 1,955
63,142
3.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Utilities Information Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 4,651
Direct
4,651
Indirect Induced
Total
4,651
1.9% 2.6%
2,264 524 747 396 159 97 81 57 126 8 30 39

2,264
4,077 1,238 716 940 579 156 100 116 29 63 14 127

4,077
6,341 1,762 1,463 1,336 738 253 180 173 154 71 44 167 10,992
4.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 2,069
Direct
2,069
Indirect Induced
Total
2,069
1.3% 2.4%
1,374 431 456 95 114 70 102 26 23 17 2 37

1,374
2,464 1,011 477 355 261 114 23 53 29 8 18 115

2,464
3,838 1,442 933 450 375 184 125 79 53 25 20 152 5,907
3.8%
A-16
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Iowa, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 22,758
Direct
22,758
Indirect Induced
Total
22,758
1.1% 2.0%
10,834
29,662
40,496 17,784 5,681 4,944 4,889 1,967 1,782 1,030 1,027 200 70 1,124 63,254
4,242 696 1,401 2,171 189 637 803 330 81 47 237

10,834
13,541 4,985 3,543 2,718 1,778 1,144 227 698 119 22 887
29,662
3.1%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Construction Mining Other Total Impact 1,374
Direct
1,374
Indirect Induced
Total
1,374
1.1% 2.2%
861 207 199 218 54 16 36 33 28 44 7 20

861
1,834 489 482 234 247 130 66 67 44 12 3 60

1,834
2,696 696 681 452 301 147 102 100 72 55 10 79 4,069
3.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 704
Direct
704
Indirect Induced
Total
704
0.9% 2.1%
512 164 129 75 32 26 17 35 5 8 3 18

512
1,079 392 161 178 150 48 34 9 38 13 2 53

1,079
1,591 556 290 253 183 74 51 45 43 21 5 71 2,295
3.0%
A-17
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Kansas, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Construction Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 38,790
Direct
38,790
Indirect Induced
Total
38,790
2.1% 4.4%
21,713
58,548
80,260 37,397 14,317 9,535 5,533 3,596 2,974 1,955 1,698 446 48 2,761 119,051
8,551 2,186 3,055 2,136 3,189 1,115 197 598 222 33 431
21,713
28,846 12,131 6,481 3,397 406 1,860 1,758 1,100 225 15 2,330
58,548
6.5%

Sector Description
Direct
8,738
Indirect Induced
Total
8,738
7.1% 4.3%
1,774 479 422 170 206 125 71 165 85 10 5 35

1,774
3,517 1,081 860 595 292 226 120 21 86 81 2 154

3,517
5,291 1,560 1,283 765 498 351 192 186 170 91 7 189 14,029
11.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Construction Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 3,623
Direct
3,623
Indirect Induced
Total
3,623
4.7% 4.1%
1,036 397 102 113 131 133 49 50 24 3 3 30

1,036
2,079 884 370 240 219 17 88 85 24 21 1 130

2,079
3,115 1,281 473 353 350 150 137 135 48 24 4 161 6,738
8.8%
A-18
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Kentucky, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 32,196
Direct
32,196
Indirect Induced
Total
32,196
1.3% 2.3%
16,503
38,791
55,294 25,006 7,843 6,246 5,712 2,435 2,427 1,934 1,089 670 232 1,700 87,490
6,653 1,188 2,860 1,788 311 807 1,624 374 459 106 335
16,503
18,354 6,655 3,386 3,924 2,125 1,620 310 715 211 126 1,365
38,791
3.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Mining Construction Utilities Agriculture Other Total Impact 2,992
Direct
2,992
Indirect Induced
Total
2,992
2.0% 2.4%
1,294 357 254 278 96 55 37 70 77 32 7 33

1,294
2,426 733 535 395 341 113 69 32 14 38 47 109

2,426
3,721 1,091 789 673 437 168 106 102 91 69 54 142 6,712
4.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Mining Information Agriculture Utilities Other Total Impact 1,405
Direct
1,405
Indirect Induced
Total
1,405
1.4% 2.3%
791 283 176 57 77 40 62 38 17 5 9 26

791
1,457 594 215 212 162 83 12 18 32 30 11 89

1,457
2,248 878 391 269 239 122 74 56 50 35 20 114 3,653
3.7%
A-19
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Louisiana, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 109,003
Direct
109,003
Indirect Induced
Total
109,003
4.4% 9.0%
84,767
136,283
221,050 116,789 36,855 25,737 11,888 8,207 5,485 3,715 3,201 1,300 75 7,797 330,053
42,171 8,625 11,083 10,768 4,641 2,786 1,715 789 733 57 1,399
84,767
74,617 28,230 14,654 1,120 3,567 2,700 2,000 2,412 567 18 6,398
136,283
13.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Information Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 20,971
Direct
20,971
Indirect Induced
Total
20,971
12.0% 8.6%
6,760 2,357 1,603 665 494 347 612 337 196 33 11 106
6,760
8,255 3,002 2,162 1,393 329 337 63 216 228 103 4 417
8,255
15,015 5,359 3,765 2,059 823 684 675 553 424 136 15 523 35,986
20.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Manufacturing Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 9,402
Direct
9,402
Indirect Induced
Total
9,402
8.5% 8.1%
4,079 1,830 402 450 288 495 307 96 97 14 6 94

4,079
4,968 2,380 878 583 279 51 217 111 66 44 2 357

4,968
9,047 4,210 1,280 1,033 567 547 523 207 163 58 8 452 18,449
16.6%
A-20
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Maine, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Information Construction Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 12,712
Direct
12,712
Indirect Induced
Total
12,712
1.5% 2.1%
4,170
13,015
17,185 8,584 2,448 1,926 1,533 672 513 422 345 72 7 665 29,897
1,867 246 559 610 305 54 133 215 32 5 143

4,170
6,716 2,202 1,366 922 368 458 289 130 40 2 522

13,015
3.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Utilities Construction Mining Other Total Impact 846
Direct
846
Indirect Induced
Total
846
1.8% 2.3%
315 91 81 58 20 12 15 4 12 10 0 12
315
787 264 190 83 117 26 19 28 15 5 0 41

787
1,102 355 271 141 137 38 34 31 26 15 1 53 1,948
4.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 382
Direct
382
Indirect Induced
Total
382
1.2% 2.1%
190 74 38 24 12 11 6 8 1 3 0 11
190
479 217 57 56 67 14 13 4 9 4 0 37
479
668 291 95 81 79 25 19 12 10 8 0 48 1,051
3.3%
A-21
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Maryland, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
17,622
Indirect Induced
Total
17,622
0.5% 1.8%
14,057
46,545
60,602 33,445 8,072 8,012 3,035 2,328 1,609 1,342 412 243 53 2,051 78,224
7,529 1,921 712 1,264 807 445 896 43 84 36 320

14,057
25,916 6,151 7,299 1,771 1,521 1,164 446 369 159 17 1,731
46,545
2.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Utilities Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,509
Direct
1,509
Indirect Induced
Total
1,509
0.5% 1.9%
1,432 550 355 75 153 81 65 44 72 3 5 30

1,432
3,746 1,345 1,093 448 197 202 148 85 32 19 3 174

3,746
5,178 1,895 1,448 523 350 283 213 129 104 22 8 203 6,688
2.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 730
Direct
730
Indirect Induced
Total
730
0.4% 1.7%
917 472 121 45 96 42 33 58 18 1 3 28

917
2,274 1,125 338 276 133 103 64 26 43 7 1 157

2,274
3,190 1,596 459 321 230 145 97 84 61 8 5 185 3,920
2.1%
A-22
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Massachusetts, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 25,070
Direct
25,070
Indirect Induced
Total
25,070
0.6% 2.1%
20,819
66,197
87,016 48,057 10,804 10,789 6,489 2,555 2,462 1,693 409 229 48 3,481 112,086
10,590 2,589 1,004 2,851 703 832 1,221 38 86 33 872

20,819
37,467 8,214 9,785 3,638 1,852 1,631 472 371 143 15 2,609
66,197
2.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 3,754
Direct
3,754
Indirect Induced
Total
3,754
1.0% 2.3%
2,454 957 646 126 353 132 50 45 92 3 4 45

2,454
5,989 2,222 1,918 707 409 335 100 82 33 23 2 157

5,989
8,443 3,179 2,564 833 762 467 150 127 126 26 7 201 12,197
3.3%

Sector Description
Direct
1,690
Indirect Induced
Total
1,690
0.7% 2.2%
1,671 813 290 230 74 69 37 75 13 1 3 67

1,671
3,881 1,866 800 298 424 171 74 27 24 11 1 186

3,881
5,552 2,679 1,089 528 498 239 111 102 37 12 4 253 7,242
2.9%
A-23
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Michigan, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
45,946
Indirect Induced
Total
45,946
0.9% 2.5%
35,768
97,781
133,549 68,601 19,569 14,629 14,517 4,068 3,692 2,413 1,836 607 138 3,479 179,495
16,439 2,105 7,004 3,871 1,420 3,026 734 208 240 94 628
35,768
52,162 17,464 7,625 10,647 2,648 667 1,679 1,628 366 44 2,851
97,781
3.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Utilities Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 7,369
Direct
7,369
Indirect Induced
Total
7,369
1.9% 2.6%
3,367 1,169 712 743 179 97 115 94 182 9 16 50

3,367
6,975 2,359 1,912 852 943 216 193 179 39 68 8 208

6,975
10,342 3,528 2,625 1,595 1,121 313 308 273 221 77 23 257 17,711
4.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 3,426
Direct
3,426
Indirect Induced
Total
3,426
1.3% 2.5%
2,162 987 506 203 107 69 148 48 33 4 8 49

2,162
4,232 1,966 621 515 583 133 32 105 55 25 4 193

4,232
6,394 2,953 1,128 717 691 202 179 153 88 29 12 242 9,820
3.8%
A-24
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Minnesota, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Construction Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 33,430
Direct
33,430
Indirect Induced
Total
33,430
0.9% 2.3%
22,734
57,544
80,278 40,053 11,348 9,714 7,948 2,949 2,013 1,856 1,839 372 186 1,999 113,708
10,658 1,698 2,660 3,678 1,121 202 1,444 569 165 126 414
22,734
29,395 9,650 7,054 4,271 1,829 1,811 412 1,271 207 60 1,585
57,544
3.2%

Sector Description
Direct
2,822
Indirect Induced
Total
2,822
1.1% 2.5%
2,220 825 471 178 365 75 73 62 91 13 29 37

2,220
4,228 1,426 1,189 590 398 164 122 82 25 101 14 118

4,228
6,449 2,251 1,661 768 763 239 195 144 116 113 42 155 9,271
3.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,332
Direct
1,332
Indirect Induced
Total
1,332
0.8% 2.4%
1,425 658 177 248 106 54 40 74 17 5 13 34

1,425
2,594 1,157 433 287 354 89 85 20 23 35 6 105

2,594
4,019 1,815 610 534 460 143 125 94 41 40 19 139 5,351
3.2%
A-25
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Mississippi, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 32,492
Direct
32,492
Indirect Induced
Total
32,492
2.1% 3.4%
17,480
33,847
51,328 23,356 8,045 5,279 4,620 2,687 2,430 1,588 868 427 30 1,998 83,820
7,128 1,641 2,007 1,988 1,351 2,146 232 348 224 21 395
17,480
16,228 6,404 3,271 2,632 1,336 284 1,356 520 203 10 1,603
33,847
5.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Information Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 4,133
Direct
4,133
Indirect Induced
Total
4,133
4.8% 3.6%
1,215 329 279 122 165 73 73 95 35 11 2 30

1,215
1,897 608 455 305 166 72 58 12 52 62 1 104

1,897
3,111 937 734 427 331 145 131 107 87 73 4 135 7,244
8.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,770
Direct
1,770
Indirect Induced
Total
1,770
3.2% 3.3%
711 268 74 101 69 53 77 15 21 5 2 27

711
1,127 487 190 120 109 53 10 23 17 28 1 90

1,127
1,838 755 264 221 177 106 87 38 38 33 3 117 3,609
6.5%
A-26
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Missouri, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
38,430
Indirect Induced
Total
38,430
1.1% 2.3%
24,602
59,787
84,389 40,835 11,494 10,779 7,491 3,558 2,566 2,393 2,040 332 189 2,713 122,820
11,235 1,488 3,427 3,393 1,339 290 1,906 666 140 132 586
24,602
29,600 10,006 7,351 4,098 2,219 2,276 487 1,374 192 57 2,127
59,787
3.4%

Sector Description
Direct
3,018
Indirect Induced
Total
3,018
1.3% 2.6%
2,129 781 456 334 131 102 82 111 44 8 34 45

2,129
3,968 1,358 946 456 556 205 138 27 61 60 14 145

3,968
6,096 2,139 1,402 790 686 308 220 138 106 69 48 191 9,115
3.9%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,499
Direct
1,499
Indirect Induced
Total
1,499
1.0% 2.5%
1,343 640 204 148 78 59 50 90 13 3 15 44

1,343
2,411 1,107 265 303 337 100 99 22 18 22 6 131

2,411
3,754 1,747 469 451 415 159 149 112 30 25 22 175 5,253
3.4%
A-27
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Montana, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Manufacturing Information Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 12,852
Direct
12,852
Indirect Induced
Total
12,852
2.0% 3.3%
7,974
13,383
21,357 10,801 3,019 2,470 1,109 860 800 761 435 196 152 752 34,210
3,676 715 1,016 975 473 125 393 190 140 88 183
7,974
7,125 2,303 1,455 135 388 676 368 245 56 64 569

13,383
5.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Utilities Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Construction Mining Information Agriculture Other Total Impact 2,028
Direct
2,028
Indirect Induced
Total
2,028
5.5% 3.5%
557 143 145 48 42 32 32 46 34 17 5 14

557
740 242 212 105 28 26 24 6 13 22 24 38

740
1,296 385 357 153 69 57 56 52 47 40 28 51 3,324
8.9%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Utilities Information Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 854
Direct
854
Indirect Induced
Total
854
3.8% 3.2%
311 119 29 38 37 21 20 12 8 13 2 12
311
419 197 65 53 5 17 17 8 10 5 8 32
419
730 316 94 91 42 39 36 20 18 18 10 44 1,584
7.0%
A-28
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Nebraska, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Construction Information Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 14,465
Direct
14,465
Indirect Induced
Total
14,465
1.2% 2.9%
8,606
26,712
35,319 17,141 5,597 4,200 2,475 1,658 1,207 994 701 27 11 1,306 49,784
4,015 560 1,195 886 512 109 804 225 18 4 278

8,606
13,127 5,037 3,005 1,589 1,146 1,098 190 477 9 8 1,028

26,712
4.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Information Construction Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 2,874
Direct
2,874
Indirect Induced
Total
2,874
3.8% 2.9%
662 233 155 42 76 38 10 26 45 3 5 28

662
1,576 506 383 244 118 88 84 53 10 6 2 80

1,576
2,238 739 538 287 194 126 94 78 55 10 7 109 5,112
6.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 1,364
Direct
1,364
Indirect Induced
Total
1,364
2.8% 2.8%
416 182 54 25 47 25 15 36 3 3 1 23
416
963 409 126 148 85 58 31 8 28 1 2 67

963
1,379 591 180 173 133 83 46 45 31 4 3 90 2,743
5.6%
A-29
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Nevada, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Construction Information Mining Agriculture Utilities Other Total Impact 13,049
Direct
13,049
Indirect Induced
Total
13,049
0.8% 1.9%
8,254
21,837
30,091 16,190 4,779 3,591 1,343 1,300 1,061 590 416 110 105 609 43,140
3,899 1,377 398 489 648 799 194 284 12 46 108

8,254
12,291 3,402 3,193 854 652 262 396 132 97 58 501

21,837
2.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Mining Manufacturing Construction Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Agriculture Other Total Impact 1,227
Direct
1,227
Indirect Induced
Total
1,227
1.0% 2.1%
859 332 197 37 87 60 66 28 23 17 1 10

859
1,753 792 467 207 41 58 20 50 47 22 6 44

1,753
2,612 1,124 664 244 128 119 87 78 70 39 7 54 3,839
3.1%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Construction Transportation and warehousing Mining Information Utilities Agriculture Other Total Impact 594
Direct
594
Indirect Induced
Total
594
0.8% 2.0%
505 258 58 22 39 54 21 28 11 5 0 9
505
989 553 135 123 42 16 38 13 22 6 2 38

989
1,494 811 193 145 81 70 59 40 33 11 2 48 2,088
2.7%
A-30
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in New Hampshire, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
8,909
Indirect Induced
Total
8,909
1.1% 2.1%
4,489
12,858
17,347 8,676 2,623 2,243 1,781 523 414 393 159 87 26 423 26,256
1,944 223 625 901 215 294 116 20 36 18 97

4,489
6,731 2,400 1,618 880 308 120 277 139 51 8 325

12,858
3.1%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Utilities Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 821
Direct
821
Indirect Induced
Total
821
1.4% 2.3%
422 138 99 25 90 16 14 11 17 1 2 7
422
939 331 244 161 89 38 21 16 6 9 1 22

939
1,360 469 343 186 179 55 35 27 24 11 2 30 2,181
3.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 372
Direct
372
Indirect Induced
Total
372
0.9% 2.1%
267 114 61 34 15 8 8 14 4 1 1 7
267
580 272 63 83 95 19 12 5 6 3 1 21
580
847 387 124 117 109 27 20 19 10 4 2 28 1,218
3.1%
A-31
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in New Jersey, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
32,434
Indirect Induced
Total
32,434
0.6% 2.2%
29,900
81,008
110,908 56,937 16,446 14,722 8,255 5,358 3,108 1,855 462 322 53 3,391 143,342
14,942 2,552 3,511 3,705 2,046 897 1,311 48 139 36 713

29,900
41,995 13,894 11,211 4,550 3,312 2,211 544 415 183 17 2,677
81,008
2.8%

Sector Description
Direct
5,433
Indirect Induced
Total
5,433
1.1% 2.4%
3,635 1,366 716 326 605 219 138 76 112 2 9 69

3,635
7,785 2,579 2,196 1,125 746 519 227 96 43 16 4 234

7,785
11,420 3,945 2,912 1,451 1,351 738 364 172 155 18 13 302 16,853
3.5%

Sector Description
Direct
2,378
Indirect Induced
Total
2,378
0.8% 2.3%
2,349 1,094 301 193 362 111 104 90 22 1 5 66

2,349
4,734 2,065 822 676 455 259 172 35 29 8 2 210

4,734
7,083 3,159 1,123 869 817 370 276 125 51 9 7 276 9,461
3.1%
A-32
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in New Mexico, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 33,116
Direct
33,116
Indirect Induced
Total
33,116
3.0% 5.1%
20,961
34,737
55,698 30,173 7,926 6,461 2,760 1,935 1,666 1,166 848 351 231 2,180 88,814
10,754 1,642 2,825 2,455 1,010 775 502 179 189 175 455
20,961
19,420 6,284 3,636 305 925 890 664 669 162 56 1,725
34,737
8.1%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Construction Manufacturing Utilities Transportation and warehousing Information Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 4,812
Direct
4,812
Indirect Induced
Total
4,812
7.1% 5.1%
1,501 560 381 110 127 71 67 62 49 10 30 35

1,501
1,980 742 496 312 16 67 53 57 65 36 10 127

1,980
3,481 1,302 877 422 142 138 120 119 114 46 39 162 8,292
12.2%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 2,183
Direct
2,183
Indirect Induced
Total
2,183
4.8% 4.7%
930 484 66 95 102 45 44 22 19 4 15 32

930
1,194 605 193 119 13 50 41 29 15 15 5 110

1,194
2,124 1,089 259 214 115 94 85 51 34 20 19 143 4,307
9.5%
A-33
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in New York, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
56,149
Indirect Induced
Total
56,149
0.5% 2.1%
49,962
175,155
225,118 120,434 31,206 29,252 14,114 8,712 8,319 4,297 1,384 1,061 182 6,158 281,267
24,008 7,058 2,963 6,054 2,847 2,271 3,235 144 390 124 869
49,962
96,426 24,148 26,288 8,060 5,865 6,048 1,062 1,240 671 58 5,289
175,155
2.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Services Wholesale and retail trade Information Manufacturing Utilities Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 10,544
Direct
10,544
Indirect Induced
Total
10,544
1.0% 2.3%
7,161 2,282 2,592 351 547 697 180 158 245 7 20 83

7,161
18,642 7,183 5,837 1,928 1,398 1,002 357 335 76 57 9 459

18,642
25,803 9,465 8,429 2,280 1,945 1,699 537 493 321 64 29 542 36,347
3.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Information Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 4,767
Direct
4,767
Indirect Induced
Total
4,767
0.7% 2.3%
4,795 2,084 1,270 207 340 439 117 198 51 3 11 74

4,795
11,890 4,756 3,691 1,147 852 602 249 61 102 24 5 400

11,890
16,685 6,841 4,961 1,354 1,192 1,041 367 260 153 27 16 474 21,452
3.0%
A-34
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in North Carolina, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
44,040
Indirect Induced
Total
44,040
0.8% 1.9%
25,416
76,323
101,739 49,742 14,065 12,517 11,607 3,961 2,439 2,256 1,674 330 131 3,017 145,779
11,461 1,416 4,749 3,108 1,438 1,698 656 176 126 89 497
25,416
38,280 12,649 7,768 8,499 2,523 741 1,600 1,499 203 42 2,519
76,323
2.7%

Sector Description
Direct
2,925
Indirect Induced
Total
2,925
0.8% 2.1%
2,251 703 561 479 130 93 79 90 45 11 16 44

2,251
5,447 1,598 1,454 912 718 218 142 36 78 85 8 197

5,447
7,697 2,301 2,015 1,391 848 310 221 126 124 96 24 241 10,623
2.9%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 1,461
Direct
1,461
Indirect Induced
Total
1,461
0.6% 2.0%
1,384 585 300 174 77 59 48 73 7 13 8 41

1,384
3,162 1,318 476 437 442 106 112 29 49 22 4 168

3,162
4,546 1,903 776 611 519 164 160 102 55 35 12 208 6,007
2.6%
A-35
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in North Dakota, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
11,788
Indirect Induced
Total
11,788
2.4% 3.3%
6,599
9,527
16,126 7,926 2,312 1,757 776 769 750 678 362 115 63 620 27,914
3,128 549 841 450 465 97 609 177 62 45 177

6,599
4,798 1,763 916 326 305 653 69 185 53 17 442

9,527
5.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Utilities Agriculture Information Construction Mining Other Total Impact 1,809
Direct
1,809
Indirect Induced
Total
1,809
6.3% 3.3%
450 134 107 40 40 30 24 6 19 32 7 12

450
514 162 116 83 23 20 20 36 19 4 3 28

514
964 296 222 122 63 50 44 42 38 36 10 41 2,773
9.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 778
Direct
778
Indirect Induced
Total
778
4.4% 3.2%
266 109 24 30 24 21 26 9 7 2 4 11
266
303 134 51 33 18 14 3 10 6 10 2 24
303
569 243 74 63 41 34 29 19 13 12 6 34 1,346
7.6%
A-36
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Ohio, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
65,413
Indirect Induced
Total
65,413
1.0% 2.4%
45,629
118,397
164,025 81,769 21,918 19,857 18,205 6,759 4,524 3,080 2,205 679 225 4,804 229,438
19,939 1,878 10,176 5,015 2,393 3,679 951 241 290 154 913
45,629
61,830 20,041 9,681 13,190 4,366 846 2,129 1,963 389 71 3,891
118,397
3.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 8,442
Direct
8,442
Indirect Induced
Total
8,442
1.9% 2.6%
4,013 1,333 785 1,087 134 144 123 106 204 10 21 68

4,013
7,746 2,683 1,967 1,000 1,026 269 266 147 45 70 10 263

7,746
11,759 4,016 2,752 2,087 1,159 413 389 253 249 79 31 331 20,201
4.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 3,795
Direct
3,795
Indirect Induced
Total
3,795
1.3% 2.5%
2,552 1,092 690 246 80 106 165 57 30 3 12 71

2,552
4,774 2,203 666 605 624 199 37 123 42 22 5 249

4,774
7,326 3,295 1,356 851 704 305 202 180 72 25 17 319 11,121
3.7%
A-37
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Oklahoma, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Manufacturing Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 98,306
Direct
98,306
Indirect Induced
Total
98,306
4.6% 11.7%
82,368
167,953
250,321 122,525 42,406 30,665 14,866 9,722 8,719 7,712 3,907 1,313 128 8,359 348,627
35,687 7,284 12,523 13,695 4,455 1,419 3,433 1,683 688 93 1,409
82,368
86,838 35,123 18,142 1,172 5,266 7,300 4,279 2,224 625 35 6,950
167,953
16.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Utilities Construction Information Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 32,893
Direct
32,893
Indirect Induced
Total
32,893
21.6% 9.8%
5,932 1,808 1,604 514 515 350 569 213 213 28 14 105
5,932
9,015 3,122 2,286 1,687 414 294 49 281 266 145 5 466
9,015
14,946 4,930 3,890 2,200 929 644 617 493 478 173 19 572 47,839
31.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Construction Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 13,808
Direct
13,808
Indirect Induced
Total
13,808
15.1% 9.6%
3,390 1,445 311 394 315 461 157 98 100 10 7 92

3,390
5,352 2,522 1,057 577 294 39 196 129 87 50 3 399

5,352
8,742 3,967 1,368 971 609 500 353 226 187 60 10 491 22,550
24.7%
A-38
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Oregon, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 15,707
Direct
15,707
Indirect Induced
Total
15,707
0.7% 1.9%
11,536
32,879
44,415 21,933 5,923 5,196 4,349 1,638 1,592 1,117 1,071 109 83 1,407 60,122
5,293 628 1,451 1,946 163 543 333 797 42 56 284

11,536
16,640 5,294 3,745 2,403 1,475 1,049 784 274 67 26 1,123

32,879
2.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 1,313
Direct
1,313
Indirect Induced
Total
1,313
0.9% 2.1%
984 330 216 65 182 43 13 34 50 19 7 27

984
2,196 725 533 330 204 97 102 67 16 30 3 88

2,196
3,180 1,055 749 395 386 139 115 100 66 49 11 115 4,494
3.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 635
Direct
635
Indirect Induced
Total
635
0.6% 2.0%
619 267 122 38 66 23 24 41 6 5 4 24

619
1,335 585 147 199 158 51 49 13 43 9 2 79

1,335
1,955 852 269 237 224 73 73 54 48 14 6 103 2,590
2.6%
A-39
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Pennsylvania, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
73,792
Indirect Induced
Total
73,792
1.0% 2.7%
55,084
142,374
197,457 101,630 29,231 20,550 18,890 8,358 5,158 3,963 2,117 723 582 6,255 271,250
25,546 3,893 5,590 9,266 3,125 4,112 1,245 240 305 400 1,363
55,084
76,085 25,338 14,960 9,624 5,233 1,046 2,718 1,877 418 182 4,892
142,374
3.8%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 9,661
Direct
9,661
Indirect Induced
Total
9,661
1.8% 3.0%
5,470 1,923 1,079 1,098 376 193 190 172 275 62 11 91

5,470
10,641 3,809 2,798 1,076 1,491 411 324 234 68 28 77 324

10,641
16,111 5,732 3,877 2,173 1,867 605 514 406 343 91 88 416 25,772
4.8%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 4,418
Direct
4,418
Indirect Induced
Total
4,418
1.2% 2.8%
3,502 1,580 678 367 223 140 100 223 49 34 5 103

3,502
6,573 3,146 684 904 898 239 210 55 68 15 36 318

6,573
10,075 4,726 1,362 1,271 1,121 379 309 278 117 49 41 422 14,494
4.1%
A-40
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Rhode Island, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
4,265
Indirect Induced
Total
4,265
0.7% 2.0%
2,714
9,181
11,895 6,436 1,587 1,384 1,187 339 319 187 59 19 12 367 16,160
1,241 411 107 529 129 89 120 6 6 8 68

2,714
5,195 1,175 1,278 658 211 229 67 53 13 4 299

9,181
2.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 533
Direct
533
Indirect Induced
Total
533
1.2% 2.1%
264 89 68 56 11 12 7 4 8 0 1 7
264
660 247 187 61 80 29 11 10 4 3 0 29

660
923 336 256 117 91 40 18 14 12 3 1 36 1,456
3.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 242
Direct
242
Indirect Induced
Total
242
0.8% 2.0%
167 75 25 34 7 6 5 7 1 0 0 7
167
414 204 63 42 48 15 8 3 3 1 0 25
414
581 279 89 76 55 21 13 10 4 1 1 32 822
2.8%
A-41
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in South Carolina, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
23,372
Indirect Induced
Total
23,372
1.0% 1.8%
11,368
33,562
44,930 20,933 6,199 6,004 5,458 1,749 1,071 947 779 327 46 1,417 68,303
4,605 508 2,616 1,487 647 740 284 93 122 32 234

11,368
16,328 5,691 3,387 3,971 1,101 331 663 686 206 15 1,183
33,562
2.8%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Information Utilities Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 1,246
Direct
1,246
Indirect Induced
Total
1,246
0.8% 2.0%
928 237 216 261 44 33 34 34 41 4 4 20

928
2,118 640 552 290 301 75 65 59 17 30 2 87

2,118
3,046 877 768 552 345 109 99 93 57 35 5 107 4,292
2.8%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 640
Direct
640
Indirect Induced
Total
640
0.7% 1.9%
558 198 165 64 26 25 15 33 10 2 2 18

558
1,270 519 206 158 186 44 34 13 19 16 1 75

1,270
1,828 716 371 223 212 69 49 46 28 18 3 93 2,468
2.5%
A-42
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in South Dakota, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Agriculture Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 8,223
Direct
8,223
Indirect Induced
Total
8,223
1.5% 2.1%
3,224
8,495
11,719 5,220 1,673 1,534 945 688 501 392 260 71 34 402 19,942
1,226 245 490 413 67 224 321 92 33 24 89

3,224
3,994 1,428 1,044 532 620 277 72 167 38 10 313

8,495
3.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Agriculture Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Mining Other Total Impact 715
Direct
715
Indirect Induced
Total
715
2.3% 2.3%
243 75 54 18 33 5 10 12 11 15 3 7
243
501 144 143 69 37 37 18 15 13 3 1 21

501
744 220 197 88 69 42 28 27 23 18 5 27 1,459
4.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 342
Direct
342
Indirect Induced
Total
342
1.8% 2.2%
135 44 22 11 21 9 12 1 4 3 2 6
135
286 118 45 42 27 11 3 11 8 4 1 18
286
422 162 67 53 48 20 15 12 12 7 2 24 763
3.9%
A-43
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Tennessee, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Information Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 35,187
Direct
35,187
Indirect Induced
Total
35,187
1.0% 2.2%
22,045
56,962
79,007 36,520 11,197 9,121 9,035 4,274 2,379 1,903 1,739 153 107 2,579 114,194
8,859 1,485 4,119 2,656 1,492 1,878 208 550 109 45 643
22,045
27,660 9,712 5,002 6,379 2,782 502 1,694 1,189 44 61 1,936

56,962
3.1%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 2,743
Direct
2,743
Indirect Induced
Total
2,743
1.1% 2.4%
1,927 537 449 417 139 104 68 98 5 14 18 79

1,927
4,081 1,339 1,036 520 595 198 143 25 36 19 7 163

4,081
6,007 1,876 1,484 937 734 302 211 123 41 33 25 242 8,750
3.5%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Agriculture Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 1,371
Direct
1,371
Indirect Induced
Total
1,371
0.8% 2.3%
1,184 444 261 144 83 75 35 79 2 9 4 49

1,184
2,492 1,091 332 326 363 145 72 20 13 4 6 120

2,492
3,676 1,535 593 470 446 220 107 100 15 12 10 168 5,048
3.1%
A-44
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Texas, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Information Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 432,147
Direct
432,147
Indirect Induced
Total
432,147
3.2% 9.9%
421,747
918,441 1,340,188
189,790 42,091 61,647 62,091 24,198 18,372 4,156 8,611 2,271 612 7,908
421,747
456,200 213,166 106,893 5,900 34,031 26,270 22,648 12,308 2,381 189 38,455
645,991 255,257 168,541 67,991 58,229 44,642 26,804 20,919 4,652 801 46,363 13.1%
918,441 1,772,335

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Utilities Construction Information Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 185,760
Direct
185,760
Indirect Induced
Total
185,760
15.3% 8.9%
42,108 13,213 11,550 4,108 3,162 2,436 3,958 1,516 1,309 131 95 631
42,108
65,893 20,228 19,292 12,728 3,617 2,164 375 2,155 1,879 710 29 2,715
65,893
108,000 33,441 30,841 16,836 6,779 4,600 4,333 3,671 3,188 841 124 3,346 293,760
24.2%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Construction Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 77,924
Direct
77,924
Indirect Induced
Total
77,924
10.8% 8.7%
24,742 10,907 2,465 3,113 1,966 3,209 958 728 713 51 54 578
24,742
38,276 16,378 7,885 5,506 2,472 304 1,376 1,034 663 276 17 2,365
38,276
63,017 27,285 10,350 8,619 4,438 3,513 2,335 1,762 1,376 327 70 2,943 140,941
19.5%
A-45
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Utah, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Agriculture Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 21,404
Direct
21,404
Indirect Induced
Total
21,404
1.3% 3.4%
17,713
37,072
54,785 26,548 8,203 8,095 3,914 1,918 1,836 1,341 722 238 196 1,774 76,188
8,077 2,757 1,480 1,815 813 1,506 481 137 173 97 377
17,713
18,471 5,446 6,615 2,099 1,105 330 859 586 65 99 1,397

37,072
4.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Construction Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 4,167
Direct
4,167
Indirect Induced
Total
4,167
4.0% 3.5%
1,383 447 310 127 194 60 49 88 40 36 5 28

1,383
2,272 747 602 386 181 83 85 19 39 13 22 96

2,272
3,655 1,193 912 513 376 143 134 106 79 49 27 123 7,822
7.6%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Construction Information Mining Utilities Agriculture Other Total Impact 1,742
Direct
1,742
Indirect Induced
Total
1,742
2.6% 3.3%
843 366 76 93 111 44 71 25 17 11 2 28

843
1,375 611 232 178 121 60 15 44 6 11 7 89

1,375
2,218 978 307 271 232 104 86 69 23 23 9 117 3,960
5.9%
A-46
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Vermont, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
6,008
Indirect Induced
Total
6,008
1.4% 1.9%
2,120
6,031
8,151 4,211 1,037 821 760 276 212 208 205 51 26 342 14,159
931 100 262 330 124 149 66 24 21 18 95

2,120
3,280 937 560 430 153 64 142 181 30 8 247

6,031
3.3%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Utilities Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Mining Other Total Impact 384
Direct
384
Indirect Induced
Total
384
1.6% 2.1%
157 42 41 30 8 8 6 7 7 1 2 6
157
360 128 82 36 51 13 13 8 3 8 1 16
360
516 170 123 66 60 21 19 15 10 10 3 21 900
3.6%

Sector Description
Direct
178
Indirect Induced
Total
178
1.1% 1.9%
94 34 21 11 5 5 3 6 2 0 1 6
94
220 104 26 24 30 6 6 2 4 3 1 15
220
314 138 46 35 35 11 9 8 6 4 2 21 492
3.0%
A-47
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Virginia, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct
47,908
Indirect Induced
Total
47,908
1.0% 2.0%
25,182
70,388
95,571 50,572 12,546 11,099 6,575 3,700 2,675 2,414 1,379 317 269 4,025 143,479
13,353 1,158 2,966 2,687 1,346 760 1,761 168 127 184 673
25,182
37,219 11,389 8,133 3,888 2,353 1,915 653 1,211 190 86 3,352
70,388
3.0%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Utilities Construction Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 3,755
Direct
3,755
Indirect Induced
Total
3,755
1.0% 2.1%
2,570 1,090 574 108 263 165 80 65 114 41 6 64

2,570
5,642 1,960 1,524 637 447 401 142 106 39 19 39 328

5,642
8,212 3,050 2,098 746 710 566 222 171 153 60 44 392 11,968
3.1%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Utilities Mining Agriculture Other Total Impact 1,825
Direct
1,825
Indirect Induced
Total
1,825
0.7% 2.0%
1,697 951 182 64 172 75 58 92 19 22 2 60

1,697
3,400 1,663 453 388 243 178 104 32 30 10 16 284

3,400
5,098 2,614 635 452 415 252 162 124 49 32 18 344 6,923
2.7%
A-48
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Washington, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Information Agriculture Construction Mining Utilities Other Total Impact 25,362
Direct
25,362
Indirect Induced
Total
25,362
0.7% 2.1%
21,724
59,531
81,254 38,932 11,684 9,652 6,482 2,960 2,806 2,282 2,185 156 130 3,987 106,616
9,594 1,930 2,587 2,568 1,137 810 226 1,647 113 60 1,053
21,724
29,338 9,754 7,066 3,914 1,824 1,996 2,056 538 43 70 2,933

59,531
2.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 3,300
Direct
3,300
Indirect Induced
Total
3,300
1.1% 2.3%
2,178 666 475 203 267 192 81 122 17 30 19 105

2,178
4,854 1,471 1,247 678 400 456 133 38 137 32 7 256

4,854
7,032 2,136 1,722 881 667 648 215 160 154 62 26 361 10,333
3.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Manufacturing Information Transportation and warehousing Construction Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 1,489
Direct
1,489
Indirect Induced
Total
1,489
0.7% 2.2%
1,379 556 120 146 186 100 59 99 9 9 9 86

1,379
2,924 1,191 402 364 312 234 97 30 66 10 4 216

2,924
4,303 1,747 522 510 497 334 157 129 75 18 13 301 5,792
2.9%
A-49
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in West Virginia, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Manufacturing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Mining Information Utilities Other Total Impact 26,420
Direct
26,420
Indirect Induced
Total
26,420
2.9% 3.8%
14,085
20,386
34,471 16,185 5,272 3,437 2,575 2,239 1,086 877 744 650 318 1,087 60,891
5,534 1,186 1,640 2,411 1,288 539 248 515 305 181 239
14,085
10,651 4,086 1,798 164 951 547 630 229 344 137 848
20,386
6.7%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Construction Mining Utilities Transportation and warehousing Information Agriculture Other Total Impact 3,188
Direct
3,188
Indirect Induced
Total
3,188
5.5% 3.9%
1,067 260 233 74 137 127 87 61 35 32 5 16

1,067
1,157 397 248 181 99 9 39 43 35 36 13 57

1,157
2,224 657 481 256 236 136 126 104 70 68 18 73 5,412
9.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Manufacturing Construction Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Mining Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Agriculture Other Total Impact 1,438
Direct
1,438
Indirect Induced
Total
1,438
3.9% 3.5%
613 216 45 81 103 50 48 24 14 17 1 15

613
688 324 112 59 7 56 22 24 16 12 4 51

688
1,302 540 157 140 110 105 70 48 30 30 5 66 2,740
7.4%
A-50
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Wisconsin, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Transportation and warehousing Agriculture Information Construction Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 31,978
Direct
31,978
Indirect Induced
Total
31,978
0.9% 2.0%
19,065
52,778
71,843 32,542 12,037 9,621 7,907 3,017 2,038 1,535 997 300 102 1,747 103,821
7,343 5,925 904 2,021 1,063 211 456 620 107 69 345
19,065
25,199 6,112 8,717 5,885 1,954 1,827 1,079 377 192 33 1,402
52,778
2.9%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Manufacturing Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Utilities Agriculture Construction Mining Other Total Impact 1,787
Direct
1,787
Indirect Induced
Total
1,787
0.8% 2.2%
1,625 442 577 294 80 62 52 33 10 42 8 26

1,625
3,425 1,064 577 818 470 117 118 69 76 22 4 90

3,425
5,050 1,506 1,154 1,112 551 180 170 101 86 64 13 115 6,837
3.0%

Sector Description
Direct
931
Indirect Induced
Total
931
0.6% 2.1%
1,026 359 363 107 47 46 27 34 9 3 5 26

1,026
2,097 870 380 275 277 87 61 18 19 22 2 84

2,097
3,122 1,229 743 382 325 133 88 52 29 25 7 110 4,053
2.7%
A-51
The Economic Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry in Wyoming, 2007
Employment*
Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Information Agriculture Utilities Mining Other Total Impact 32,029
Direct
32,029
Indirect Induced
Total
32,029
8.5% 10.3%
16,929
22,105
39,034 18,365 6,642 4,939 2,796 1,382 969 770 734 384 384 1,669 71,063
7,225 1,607 2,533 2,603 820 622 393 291 237 276 322
16,929
11,140 5,035 2,405 193 562 347 377 443 147 108 1,346
22,105
18.8%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Wholesale and retail trade Construction Utilities Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Mining Information Agriculture Other Total Impact 5,762
Direct
5,762
Indirect Induced
Total
5,762
20.1% 9.3%
1,349 362 376 115 151 89 67 63 56 35 9 26

1,349
1,321 425 366 236 11 51 46 28 22 33 14 89

1,321
2,670 786 742 351 163 140 113 91 78 68 23 116 8,432
29.4%

Sector Description
Direct Impact of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry Indirect and Induced Impacts on Other Industries**: Services Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Construction Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Mining Utilities Information Agriculture Other Total Impact 2,590
Direct
2,590
Indirect Induced
Total
2,590
15.5% 8.8%
734 273 70 90 123 44 37 32 25 15 2 22

734
736 325 146 85 9 30 18 13 15 15 3 77

736
1,470 598 216 175 132 75 55 45 40 30 5 99 4,060
24.3%
A-52
Appendix B: Data Sources and Methodology This Appendix describes the methodology used to derive the results for the study. It first discusses the data sources PricewaterhouseCoopers utilized to develop estimates of direct economic contributions by the oil and natural gas industry. It then describes the development of the indirect and induced impact estimates. I. Estimates of Direct Economic Contributions This study uses the IMPLAN input-output modeling system and its most recent database (for the year 2007 - released in October 2008) as the primary data sources. The IMPLAN modeling system is similar to the Regional Input-Output Modeling System developed by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The U.S. Forest Service, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Bureau of Land Management, developed IMPLAN (Impact Analysis for Planning) to help with land resource planning issues. It was later refined by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group. The system has been in use since 1979. Its current users include academia, federal, state, and local governments, and the private sector. The IMPLAN database represents a consistent set of economic data processed from various published sources (such as the Bureau of Economic Analysiss National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and Regional Economic Information System (REIS), the Census Bureaus County Business Patterns (CBP), and the Bureau of Labor Statistics Covered Employee and Wages Program (CEW) in a variety of formats and under varying disclosure restrictions. The IMPLAN input-output modeling system was used to construct customized economic impact models for the United States and the 50 states and the District of Columbia for the oil and natural gas industry. The IMPLAN sectors that correspond to PricewaterhouseCoopers' definition of the oil and natural gas industry are shown in Table 1 of the report. The direct employment in the oil and natural gas industry was used in each model to drive the impact analysis.7 Direct value added and labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income) corresponding to the national or state-specific direct employment in the oil and natural gas industry were obtained from each model. In general, most subsectors of the oil and natural gas industry as defined by PricewaterhouseCoopers have a one-to-one correspondence to an IMPLAN sector, thus the 2007 employment for these subsectors were directly obtained from the customized IMPLAN national or state impact models. The exceptions are four NAICS codes: NAICS 2212 ("Natural gas distribution - public"), NAICS 23712 ("Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction"), NAICS 4247 ("Petroleum and petroleum products wholesalers"), and NAICS 45431 ("Fuel dealers"). Each is included as part of a larger IMPLAN sector. PricewaterhouseCoopers undertook the following procedure to estimate employment for the four NAICS sectors. First, employment numbers for these sectors were obtained by combining paid employee counts from the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) with establishment counts from Nonemployer Statistics (NES) provided
7
Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs.
B-1
by the Census Bureau.8 Each nonemployer establishment was assumed to have one owner who acts as the businesss sole employee. In our analysis, data were obtained at both the national level and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. For the four NAICS sectors, in some states the paid employee or nonemployer establishment counts were suppressed because of the small number of establishments in these sectors. Since counts were available for these sectors at the national-level and for larger sector aggregations at the state-level, a raking process was used to estimate the state-level employee count for the sector of interest. The raking process uses information from known sectors to impute information for the sectors with suppressed data. For example, NAICS sector 45431 ("Fuel Dealers") is one of two sub-sectors in NAICS sector 4543 ("Nonstore Retailers"). A matrix was set up with 51 rows representing the 50 states and the District of Columbia and two columns. Thus, each cell in the matrix represents the total employment for a state and sub-sector within sector 4543. When the exact count was not known for a particular cell, the starting values were determined by allocating the difference between the total national employment in the industry and the sum of the known values across the states based on the number of establishments provided in the BLS database. Because not all cell values were known, the column totals did not match the national employment counts from BLS. Similarly, the row totals did not match the known state-level totals for sector 4543. A standard raking algorithm was used to adjust the unknown cell values so that both the column and row totals matched the corresponding BLS sub-sector and state sector totals.9 There were two exceptions to the above methodology for filling in missing values at the state level. First, NES does not report data for all detailed industry sectors. In particular, while NES provides data for NAICS 2371 (Utility System Construction), it does not provide data for the NAICS 23712 ("Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction"). As a result, PricewaterhouseCoopers used establishment data from the latest CBP database (currently for 2006) to apportion the NAICS 2371 nonemployer establishments to NAICS 23712. For example, according to CBP, there were 304 establishments with paid employees in NAICS 2371 in Alabama, 36 of which were in NAICS 23712. As such, 11.8 percent (36/304) of Alabamas 209 nonemployer establishments in NAICS 2371 were assumed to be in NAICS sector 23712. State level estimates were then scaled to match the estimated national total for NAICS 23712. The second exception was for public-sector employment in NAICS 2212. For this sector it was not possible to use the standard raking procedure as industry control totals were not readily available. Instead, employees per establishment for the public-sector employment in NAICS 22 (Utilities) from BLS were used to obtain initial values for states with only establishment missing values. These initial values were then scaled to match the difference between the known national total for the public sector employment in NAICS 2212 and the sum of the employment for the same NAICS code in states with known values. Estimates of the oil and natural gas industry's new capital investment in 2007 are obtained from the Annual Capital Expenditure Survey published by the Census Bureau.
8
A nonemployer is a business without paid employees. Most nonemployers are self-employed individuals operating very small unincorporated businesses, which may or may not be the owners principal source of income. 9 Oh, H.L. and Scheuren, F. (1987). Modified Raking Ratio Estimation. Survey Methodology, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 209-219.
B-2
For quantifying the economic impact of the oil and natural gas industry's capital investment, its capital spending is translated into purchases of capital assets by type through the use of the so-called "capital flow matrix" from the U.S. Department of Commerce. II. Estimates of Indirect and Induced Economic Contributions Estimates of indirect and induced economic contributions by the oil and natural gas industry were derived based on the IMPLAN models for the country as a whole and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The IMPLAN models are built around an input-output table that relates the purchases that each industry has made from other industries to the value of the output of each industry. To meet the demand for goods and services from an industry, purchases are made in other industries according to the patterns recorded in the input-output table. These purchases in turn spark still more purchases by the industry's suppliers, and so on. Meanwhile, employees and business owners make personal purchases out of the additional income that is generated by this process, sending more new demands rippling through the economy. Multipliers describe these iterations. The Type I multiplier measures the direct and indirect effects of a change in economic activity. It captures the inter-industry effects only, i.e., industries buying from local industries. The Type II (Social Accounting Matrix or SAM) multiplier captures the direct and indirect effects and, in addition, it also reflects induced effects (i.e., changes in spending from households as income increases or decreases due to the changes in production). The indirect and induced contributions by the oil and natural gas industry on other sectors of the economy in terms of employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), and value added were calculated through the multiplier process built in each model.10 Because IMPLAN state models capture only the indirect and induced effects within each state, the indirect and induced effects crossing state borders (cross-state spillover effects) are not captured by the IMPLAN state models. As such, if not adjusted, the state-level indirect and induced impacts calculated by the IMPLAN state models would not add up to the overall impact captured by the national model, which includes the cross-state effects. PricewaterhouseCoopers allocated the cross-state indirect and induced employment, labor income, and value added effects across the 50 states and the District of Columbia in proportion to each states share of the total national employment, labor income, and value added. The allocation was done at the industry level. The state indirect and induced effects reported throughout this study include such allocation of the cross-state spillover effects.
10 Because the IMPLAN models are used for total impact analysis (as opposed to marginal impact analysis) in this study, necessary adjustments are made to the initial indirect and induced impact estimates to prevent double-counting. For instance, any indirect or induced effects from the initial estimates for IMPLAN sectors that are fully mapped to the oil and natural gas industry are removed. Similarly, indirect and induced effects for IMPLAN sectors that are partially mapped to the oil and natural gas industry are proportionately adjusted.
B-3

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THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY ON THE U.S.

ECONOMY: EMPLOYMENT, LABOR INCOME AND VALUE ADDED

American Petroleum Institute

National Economics & Statistics

Employment* Percent of Amount State Total

Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Value Added Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Employment* Percent of Amount State Total

Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Value Added Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Employment* Percent of Amount State Total

Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Value Added Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Employment* Percent of Amount State Total

Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Value Added Percent of ($ Million) State Total

Direct Employment* Percent of Amount U.S. Total

Direct Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

Direct Value Added Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

Direct Employment* Percent of Amount U.S. Total

Direct Labor Income** Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

Direct Value Added Percent of ($ Million) U.S. Total

Labor Income** ($ Million)

Value Added ($ Million)

Percent of U.S. Total

Percent of U.S. Total

Percent of U.S. Total

Appendix A: Detailed State-by-State Operational Impact Results

Value Added ($ Millions)

1,458 381 328 331 92 55 56 42 80 8 32 53

2,866 843 746 358 406 92 87 84 20 62 15 154

Labor Income*** ($ Millions)

879 324 207 55 93 41 65 19 15 5 18 37

1,705 698 250 252 201 63 16 37 26 32 8 121

2,584 1,022 457 307 294 104 81 56 41 37 26 159 4,262

8,736 3,069 1,697 123 531 524 509 307 83 34 978

Value Added ($ Millions)

945 283 283 53 117 43 48 37 31 14 6 31

1,145 393 307 165 10 47 32 42 11 27 20 92

2,090 677 589 218 127 90 80 79 42 41 25 123 6,064

Labor Income*** ($ Millions)

665 312 73 103 8 31 18 23 9 3 8 77

1,190 533 145 135 103 58 34 33 23 13 10 103 3,143

Value Added ($ Millions)

1,742 590 462 100 180 62 57 108 38 71 5 68

3,944 1,330 1,221 579 217 132 106 34 72 32 38 184

Labor Income*** ($ Millions)

1,067 488 149 60 116 42 88 30 26 11 3 55

2,326 1,072 373 352 158 78 28 64 12 21 21 150

3,393 1,560 521 411 274 120 115 94 38 32 24 205 4,653

Value Added ($ Millions)

1,068 301 223 184 83 71 58 42 11 65 8 23

1,672 494 368 192 235 113 77 42 65 10 3 73

2,739 794 591 376 318 184 135 83 76 75 11 96 5,589

Labor Income*** ($ Millions)

635 250 112 50 59 42 28 53 5 12 4 21

1,001 410 134 147 95 56 44 8 30 12 2 64

1,636 659 246 197 154 98 72 61 36 24 6 84 2,884

Value Added ($ Millions)

Labor Income*** ($ Millions)

Value Added ($ Millions)

4,648 1,615 1,172 368 325 319 418 125 131 85 15 76

7,087 2,363 2,022 1,122 542 330 50 166 115 28 68 281

Labor Income*** ($ Millions)