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ﺎـﺑﻮـﺨـﺘـﺧ
ﺪﻨﻛﻰﻣ ﺎﻘﻟY ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪﻧYÁﺰﻣ ÕﺎﻤﻌﺘــﺳY ﺪﻧﺎﮔﺎﭘÁﺮﭘ ﻒﻳﺮﻇ ﺎﻴــﺴﺑ Õﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ Y ﻰﻜﻳﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣM ﺖــﺳﺎﻴﺳ { Õﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﭻﻴﻫ Õﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﺖــﺳﺎﻳ ¹ﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺎﺑÁY ﻰﺑﺎﻴﺘــﺳ{ ﻪﻛ ﻰــﺷﺎﻧ {ﻮﺧ Õ{ﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻴﻔــﺳ wﺎﻛ { ﺎﻣﺎﺑÁY ﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻜﻧM µﺎﺣ .{ﺮﻛ ﺪﻫYﻮﺨﻧ {ﺎﺠﻳY{ﻮﺧ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ {ﻮﺑ {ﺎﻗ ﺪﺤﺘﻣ cﻻﺎﻳY ﺮﮔY ،ﻢﻴﺘﻔﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﭘ !ﺖــﺳY «ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ» ﻚﻳ Yﻚﻳ ﻮﻀﺣ ﺰﮔﺮﻫ ﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳY ﺐﻠﻃÕﺮﺗﺮﺑ Á ﺖــﺳﺮﭘ{Yﮋﻧ ﺖﻴﻤﻛﺎﺣ ،ﺪــﺸﺨﺑ ¹ÁYﺪﺗ YﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﮔﺎﭘÁﺮﭘ ﺔﻤﻫ ﻪﻠﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘﻰﻤﻧ ﺪﻴﻔــﺳ wﺎﻛ { Y ﻰﺋﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣM ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﺖــﺳﻮﭘﻦﻴﮕﻧ،ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔﻰﻣ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺑًﺎﺤﻳﻮﻠﺗ Á ﺪﻧYﻪﻧﺎﻛﺮﻳ ﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ Áًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫﻰﻀﻌﺑ !ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ½ﺎﺴﻜﻳ«{» Á Ãﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻰــﻗﺎﺑ ½ﺎﻬﺟ cﺪﻗﺮﺑY ﻪــﻧﺎﮕﻳ ½ﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣM ،ﺪــﻴﻨﻜﻧ ¹ﺎﺧ µﺎــﻴﺧ{ﻮﻣ ½ﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺪﻧﺎﮔﺎﭘÁﺮﭘ ﻦــﻳY ﻪﺘﺒﻟY .ﺪﻴﺧﺮﭼ ﺪﻫYﻮﺧ «ﻖﺑﺎــﺳ ﺔﻨــﺷﺎﭘ» ﺮﺑ ½ﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ.{Y{ ÕﺮﻤﻧÁﺮﺑ Á ½Á{ Ç{ﺎﻔﺘﺳY،ﺪﻴﺷﺎﺒﻧ ½Yﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳY ﻦﻳY ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺪﻧﺎﮔﺎﭘÁﺮﭘ ¹ﺎﻴﭘ ﺎﻫﺮﻣ ½Á{ {Y ﺪﺤﺘﻣ cﻻﺎﻳY ÕﺮﻤﻧÁﺮﺑ ÕﺎﻫÁ{ﺎﭘ ¹ﺎﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻰﻟÁ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫYﻮﺨﻧ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ½ﺎﺗﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ{Y{ ﻼﺗ ½Yﺮﻜﻤﺟ -ﻮﻠﻔﻣ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻮﺴﻜﻳ Y .ﺪﻧﺎــﺸﻛﻰﻣ ﻰﻟﺎﻴﺧﻮﺧ ﺔﻫYﺮﻴﺑ ﻪﺑﺮﮕﻳ{ Õﻮﺳ Y Á ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ Y «ﻮﻳÁMﻞﺗ ـ ½Yﺮﻬﺗ ـ ﻮﻛﺎﺑ ـ ﺲﻴﻠﻔﺗ» Çﺪﺷ {ﺮﺧ ﻮﺤﻣﻪﻜﺒﺷ» ﺔﻨﻬﻛ ﺖــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧYﻮﺗﻰﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘــﺷYﺪﻨﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ½Yﺮﻜﻤﺟ -ﻮﻠﻔﻣ -YÁﺎــﺳ
2009 ﻪـﻳﻮـﻓ 9
 
ﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ ﻰﺳﺮﺑ .ﺪﻫ{ ﻪﻣY{Y ¹ﻮﺳﺮﻣ µYÁ ﻪﺑ Ã{ﻮــﺳﺮﻓ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ «ﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ» Á «Õﺎــﺳﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ Yﺮﭼ ،ﻢﻴﻨﻛﻰﻣ µﻮﻛﻮﻣ Õﺮﮕﻳ{ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ Y «½Yﺮﻬﺗ ـ ½ﺎﺘﺴﺟﺮﮔ» ﻮﺤﻣÕYﺪﻧYﺮﺑ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻳY{ﺮﭘﻰﻣ ﺲﭘ .Ãﺪﺸﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻮﻨﻫ ﻞﻴﺋYﺮﺳY cﺎﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧY.[ﻮﻛﺮﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ { {ﻮﺧ [ﻮﻛﺮﺳ ﻞﻣYﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ½Yﺮﻜﻤﺟ -YÁﺎﺳ ،ÕYﺪﻧYﺮﺑ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ ﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ [ﻮﭼﺎﭼ {µﺎﺠﻨﺟ kﺎﺧ Á ﻞﺧY{ { ﺪﻧYﻮﺘﺑ ½ﺎﻧM Õﺮﻴﮕﺘﺳ{ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ Ã{Y{ ﺖﺸﮔﺎﺑ ½YﻮﺧYﺮﻓ [ﺮﻏﻦﻴﻤﻫ { «ﻪﻴﻘﻓ Õﻮــﺿ» µﺎﺜﻣY ﺖــﺷY{ﺎﺑ Á ﺖــﺸﮔﺎﺑ .{YﺪﻧY ÃY ﻪﺑ ﻮﻫﺎﻴﻫ ÁÕYﺮﺑ Õ{ﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ µﺎﺠﻨﺟ ﺎﻈﺘﻧY { ½ﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﻣ Á .ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ cﻮﺻ [ﻮﭼﺎﭼ،[ﺮﻏ {ﻼﺑ { ﻰﻣﻼﺳY ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ Y{ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ Yﺪﻗﺎﻤﭼ Y ﺎﻓ{ ﺔﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ«¹ﻮﻴﻧYÁY Á ﻪﻠﺑY» گﻼﺑÁ { .ﻢﻴﻨﻛﻰﻣ Õﺎﻤــﺷ ﻪﻘﻴﻗ{ ،«ﻪﻴﻘﻓ Õﻮﺿ ﺪﻴﻌــﺳ».ﻢﻴﺘﺷY{ ÃﺎﺷY گﺰﺑ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻦﻳY ﻪﺑ ،2006 ﺮﺒﻣYﻮﻧ 29 wﻮﻣﺖــﺳﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳY ﻰﻣﻼــﺳY ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘــﺴﺑYÁ ½ﺎــﺸﻛﻪﻤﻗ Y «ﻪﻴﻘﻓ Õﻮﺿ»ﺮﻫYﻮﺧ ÁﺮــﻣY Á .ﻪﺘــﺷY{ Ãﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ Y ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣM Á ﺎــﭘÁY { ﻰﻣﻼــﺳY ÕﺎــﻫﻦﻤﺠﻧY[ﻮﻛﺮﺳ ﺔﻜﺒﺷ µﺎﻌﻓ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻦﻳY Y ﺎﻓ{ ﻪﺑ «ﻦﻳﻻ½MÁ» ﺖﻳﺎــﺳ { «½ﺎﻴﻛ Ã{YM»ﺮﺒﻛY kﺎﺣ ÕﺎﻫÕﺮﺒﻨﻣﺎﭘ Y ﺰﻴﻧ ½ﺎﺸﻳY ﻪﻛ Yﺮﭼ !ﺪﻧYÃ{ﺮﻛ «ﻰﺋﺎﺳﺮﻔﻤﻠﻗ» ÕﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳYﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ½ﺎﻴﻛ Ã{YM «ﺮﻫYﻮﺧ» ﻪﺘﺒﻟY .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ Yﺬﻛ [ﻮﻛﺮــﺳ ﺔﻜﺒــﺷ ﻮﻀﻋ Á ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﺑÃ{YM .ﺪﻧÁﻰﻣ ﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ «ﻪﻜﺒﺷ» ÕﺮﺳÁ ½Áﺪﺑ ÕﺎﻀﻋY Y ﻖﻴﻔــﺷ ﻼﻬــﺷ ﺮﻫYﻮﺧY ﻰﻤﺗﺎﺧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ «cﺎﺣﻼﺻY» Á ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﺒﻛY kﺎﺣ «ﻰﮔﺪﻧﺎــﺳ» ½YÁ{ { ½ﺎﻴﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧYÃﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻫÁ ﻦﻳY ﻰﻟÁ !ﺪﻧ{ﺮﻛﻰﻣ Õ{ﺎﻳ Õﺪﻨﺳﺮﺧ YﺮﺑY ½YﺮﻳY ﺎﺿÁY½ﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ءﺎﻀﻣY ﻦﻴﺑ { ½ﺎﻴﻛ Ã{YM ¹ﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﺒﻟY .{Yﺪﻧ {ﻮﺟÁ «Õ{YM» ½YﺮﻳY { ﺎﻳﻮﮔ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ «ﻪﻜﺒﺷ» ﻚﻳ ﻰﻟÁ ،{ﻮﺧﻰﻤﻧ ﻢــﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ «ﻢﻳYﻦﻴﮕﻣﺮــﺷ ﺎﻣ» ﻚﺤﻀﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﺑﺔﺧﺎﺷ ،ﺪﺷ ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗ ﻪﻛ ÕYﻪﺧﺎــﺷ ﺮﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ Y{ﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ Õﺎﻫﻪﺧﺎــﺷ Y.{ﻮﺷ ½M ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ Õﺮﮕﻳ{ ﺔﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ،ﻢﻴﺋﻮﮕﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ «ﻰﻠﻣ Õﺎﻫﻮﺨﺷﻻ» گﻼﺑÁ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﺋﺄﺗ { ،ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﺔﻣY{Y Y ﺶﻴﭘﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ «Yﺪﻣ½ﻮﻧﺎﻗ» {ﻮﺑ ﻰﺘﻛﺮﺣ ½ﺎﻳﺎﭘ 1357 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 22 Õﺎﺗ{ﻮﻛ ﻒــﺳﺄﺗ µﺎﻤﻛ {ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ ،«ÕYﺪﻣ½ﻮﻧﺎﻗ» ﻞﻴﻟ{ ﻪﺑًﺎﻘﻴﻗ{ Á ﺪﺷ ﺎﻏM ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻮﭘﺎــﺷ ÕﺮﻳÁﺖﺴﺨﻧÕ{ﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺒﺗY { .{Y{Yﺮﻗ ©ﺪﺼﻣ ﺪــﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺒﺗY { Y ½M ½Yﻮﺗﻰﻤﻧ ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗ{ Y {ﻮﺧ ﺖــﻣﻮﻜﺣ ¹ﻼــﺳY ½ﺎﻴﺋYﺪﻓ ﺎﺑÁY Á ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺮﻬــﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻊﻗYÁ { ﻪــﻛ ½Yﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ ÕYﻪﻈﺤﻟ Y ،ﻞﻤﻋ { .{ﻮﺑ Ã{Y{ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ½ﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ Á ﻪﭼﻮﻛ ﺎﺑ Á 37 ﻰﻃ ،{ﺮﻛ {ﺎﻳ ﻰــﺳﺎﺳY ½ﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ÕY{ﺎﻓÁ ﺪﻨﮔﻮــﺳ ½YﺮﻳY ﺮﻳÁ ﺖــﺴﺨﻧﻪﻛ {ﻮﺑ ﻞﻴﻟ{ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ Á .ﺪﻧﺎﺳ cﺎﺒﺛY ﻪﺑ Y ﻰﺳﺎﺳY ½ﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ÕY{ﺎﻓÁ {ﻮﺧ {ﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ Yﺮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺖﺴﺴﮔ { ﻰﻠﻣﺔﻬﺒﺟ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ Y ،ÕﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳY ﺔﻬﺒﺟ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ½ﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫﺖﺳY ﻰﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ©ﺪﺼﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ «ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ» Á ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﭘﻮﭘ Y ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﺖﺴﺴﮔ Ãﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ©ﺪﺼﻣ «{ﺮﮔﺎــﺷ» Á «Áﺮﻴﭘ» Ç{ﺎﺘﻓYﺎﭘﺶﻴﭘ Ãﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ Y Y ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻮﭘﺎــﺷ ﻪﻛ {ﻮﺧ ﻪﻧﺎﻨﺗÁﺮﻓ ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻮﭘﺎــﺷ ﻪﻛ ÁﺮﻧM ﻊﻗYÁ { .{Y{ ءﺎﻘﺗY ﻰــﺳYﺮﻜﻣ{ ﻊﻓYﺪﻣ ÕﻻYÁ.{ﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ©ﺪﺼﻣ Y Õﻮﻧ µﺎــﺳ ½YYﺰﻫ ،{ﺮﻛ ﻰﻓﺮﻌﻣ «©ﺪﺼﻣ {ﺮﮔﺎــﺷ» Yﻢﻠﻌﻣ Y {ﺮﮔﺎﺷ Á ،ﺪﭘ Y ﺪﻧﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛﻰﻣ [ﺎﺠﻳY ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪــﺸﻴﻤﻫ «ﺦﻳﺎﺗ ﻖﻄﻨﻣ».{ﺮﻴﮔ ﻰﺸﻴﭘ،ﺪﻧYﻮﺧﻰﻣ «[ﻼﻘﻧY» Y ﺰﻳﻮﻫ µYﺮــﻧژ Õﺎﺗ{ﻮﻛ ﻮﻨﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﻣ ÕYﻮﻨﻴﺑ ﻪﻬﺒﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺲــﭘﻰﻃ .ﺪﻧ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ {ﻮﺧ ÕYﻮــﺳ ¹ﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧYﻮﺗﻰﻤﻧ Y ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻮﭘﺎــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻳﻮــﺷ ÁM{ﺎﻳÁ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﭘﻮﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺖــﺴﺴﮔ { ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻮﭘﺎﺷ ﺺﺨــﺷ ،ÕﺮﻳÁ ﺖــﺴﺨﻧ Á 37{ ½ﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﻊــﻗYÁ { .ﺖــﺷY{ Yﺮﻗ ﺎﻫﻦﻴﻠﻌﻧ Á ©ﺪﺼﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻰــﺒﻳﺮﻔﻣYﻮﻋÃﺪﺷ ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ ÕﺎﻫÃ{ﻮﺗ ﺰﻳﺮﮔﻖﻄﻨﻣ ﻞﺗ ﻮــﺷ Á [ﺮﻏ Yﻮﺧ Ãﺮﻴﺟ ½ﺎﻴﭼﺎﺗ{ﻮﻛ ﺮﺑYﺮﺑﺔﻬﺒﺟ ﻪﺘﺧÁﺮﻓ{ﻮﺧ ½Yﺮﺳ ﺖﻧﺎﻴﺧ .{ﺮﻛ ﻮﻘﺳ ﻢﻫ ﻞﻴﻟ{ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ Á ،{ﻮﺑ Ã{ﺎﺘــﺴﻳYÃ{Á{ ﺎﻫ{ﺎﻳ Y ،ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ Yﺮﻗ ½ﺎﻴﭼﺎﺗ{ﻮﻛ ﺮﮕﻨﺳ { ﻪﻛ ﻰﺑﺎﺠﻨﺳ ﻢﻳﺮﻛ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ Y ،ﻰﻠﻣÁ [ﻮﻛﺮﺳ µﺎﺳ ﻰﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ ﺖﻟÁ{ ﻮﻘﺳ ،ﻢﻳﺪﻳ{ ﻪﻛ ﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ Á .ﺖــﺳY ÃﺪــﺸﻧYﺬﻛ ﺔﻬﺒﺟ { ½ﺎــﺷÕﺎﻛﺮﺷ Á «Õ{ﺎﻇﺎﻋ ﺖﻀﻬﻧ» ½ﺎﺑﺎﺑY ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ½YﺮﻳY ﺖﻠﻣ µÁﺎﭙﭼ.ﺪﻴﻣﺎﺠﻧYﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳY ½YYﻮﺧÃﺮﻴﺟ ﻰﻣﺮــﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻰﻠﻣ ÕﺎﻫÁﺮﻴﻧ ﻰﺘــﺳﺎﻛ cYYﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ cﺪﻣ ﻦﻳY { ÁÁ ﻪﻛ ،«ﻰﺳﻰﺑﻰﺑ» ﻰﻨﻛYﺮﭘﻦﺠﻟ Ãﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻪﻛ Ãﺪﻴــﺳ ﻰﺋﺎﺠﺑ ﺎﻛ .ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳYﺰﻓY ﺰﻴﻧﻰﻠﻴﻟ{ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺮﮕﻳ{ ،ﺪــﺘﻓYﻰﻣ ﺶﻟ{ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ µYﺬﺘﺑY Á ¹ﻼــﺳY ﺖﺒﺤﻣ Á ﺮﻬﻣ Á ﻪﺑÃﺪــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻫ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻆﻔﺣ ÕYﺮﺑ ،[ﺮﻏ Õﺎﻫﻪﻧﺎــﺳ ¹ﻮــﺳﺮﻣ Çﻮﻴــﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻴﺑﻰﻤﻧÕﻮﺌﺗ» ﻰــﺳﺮﺑ ÕYﺮﺑ ،ﺐﻤﻠﻛ Yﺪﺧﺎﻧ Ãﺎﮕﻨﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﺶﺨﭘ «ﻰﺋYﺪﺻ ﺪــﻨﭼ Yﺰــﮔ»،Yﺎﮔﺎﺳ Yﻪﭼﻮﻧ Á Õ{ﺰﻳ ﻢﻴﻫYﺮﺑY ،ﺪﺻﻰﻨﺑ Y ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 22 ÕYﺪﻧYﺮﺑ {ﻮﻣ { «ﻪﺌﻃﻮﺗ،ﻪﺘﺷYﺬﮔ ﺖﻨﻣ ﺎﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻛﻰﻣ cﻮﻋ{ ﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳY ﺪﻘﻣ ½ﺎﺘﺳM ﺔﻟﺎﺨﻧ ﻪﺳ ½ﺎﻤﻫ ﻰﻨﻌﻳ.ﻢﻳÁﺮﻧ ½ﺎﻬﺟ ﻦﻳY Y ½Y{ﺎﻧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮕﺑ ½ﺎﻤﻳYﺮﺑ {ﻮﺧ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﺶﻧY{ Á ﻢﻠﻋ Y ÁµYﻮﺌــﺳ ﺮﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺰﮔﺮﻫ ½YﺮﻳY { «[ﻼﻘﻧY» ﻮﻗÁ ﺮﺑ ﻰﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺎــﻤﺟY ،Yﺰﮔ ﻦــﻳY {ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ «ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ» ¹ﺎــﺳﻮﻤﻋ -ﺮﻴــﺳ Õﺎﻫﮓــﺳ ﻢﻴﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﻛﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ .{Áﻰﻤﻧﺪﺻﻰﻨﺑ ﻚﺤﻀﻣ cYﺎﻬﻇY ،ﻪﻟﺎﺨﻧ ﻪــﺳ ½{ﻖﻠﻌﻣ Y kﺎﺧ ﻰﻟÁ .ﺪﻧYµﻮﻐــﺸﻣ ½{ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ !{Y{ Õﺮﮕﻳ{ «ﺔﻧÁ» Õ{ﺰﻳ ¹ﺎﻫYﺮﺑM kﺎﺣ cﻼﻤﻬﻣ ،¥ﺮﻃ ﻚﻳ Yﺎﮔﺎــﺳ Á
 
Ãﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ Y ÕÁ{ﺰﻣ Á ﻰﺳﻮﺳﺎﺟ { ،ﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳY ﺔﻟﺎﻔﺗ Á{ ﻦﻳY ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ¹ﺎﻫYﺮﺑM ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺖﻣﺪﺧ ﺎﺨﺘﻓY ¹ﺎﻨﺘﻳÁ { ¹ﺎﻫYﺮﺑM ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫÁ ½M .ﺖــﺳY Y{ﻮﺧﺮﺑ «cﻮــﺴﻛﺶﻴﭘ»ﻪﺑ Y ½ﺎﻬﺟ ﻮﻨﻫ Yﺎﮔﺎﺳ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ،{ﺮﻛ ﺐﺴﻛ Y ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣM Áﺮﭘ ﻰﺳYﺮﻜﻣ{ ﺶﺗY ﻪﺑ½{ﻮﺑ ﻰﺑﻼﻘﻧY ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ Õ{ﺰﻳ ¹ﺎﻫYﺮﺑM kﺎــﺣ ،ﻪﻠﺑ .{ﻮﺑ Ã{ﻮﻟﺎﻴﻧ {ﻮﺧ Õﺪــﻴﻠﭘﻰﻣ{ﺮﻣ Á ﻞﻴﺻY ﻰﻠﻴﺧ ﻪﻛ {ﻮﺑ [ﻼﻘﻧY ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ،ﺪﻳﻮﮔﻰﻣ 1357 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 22 Õﺎﺗ{ﻮﻛ ﺖﻗﺎﻤﺣ Á Áﺮﭘﻪﻠﻔﺳ ﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳY ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧM Y ﻰﻟÁ .{ﻮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﺑ Á µﺎﺣﺮﺳ Á ﻢﻟﺎﺳ Áﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ { .ﺪﻨﻳﺰﮔﻰﻣﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ [ﻮﭼﺎﭼ { Y YÕﺎﻫÁ{ﺎﭘ ،ﺖــﺳY ﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﺋYY ÕﺪﻫYﻮﺷ Á {ﺎﻨﺳY ﻪﺘﺳYﻮﺧ ¹{ﺮﻣ Y ﺖﻗﺎﻤﺣ µﺎﻤﻛ { Õ{ﺰﻳ ﻢﻴﻫYﺮﺑY!Ã{ﻮﺒﻧ ﻰﻣ{ﺮﻣ Yﺬﻛ [ﻼﻘﻧY ﺪﻨﻛﻰﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ©ﻮﻘﺣ» Õ{ﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ { Õ{ﺰﻳ ¹ﺎﻫYﺮﺑM ﻢﻳﻮﺷﻰﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺎﺠﻨﻳY ﻪﻠﺑﻰﺋﺎﻋ{Y ﺮﻫ ½{ﻮﺑ µﺪﺘــﺴﻣ ÕYﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧYÃﺪﻴﻨــﺷ ﻢﻴﻫYﺮﺑY kﺎﺣ !ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣM «cÁﺎﻀﻗ ÁﻰﻠﺻY ﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،ﺖﻫﻼﺑ Á ﺖــﻗﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﻴﻟ{ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻟÁ ﺖــﺳY ﻰﻣYﺰﻟY -ﺪﻣ Á ﺪﻨــﺳ ﺔﺋYYYﺮﻗ cYﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ Çﺮﻣ { ﺰﻴﻧ ﻰﻨﻴﻋ ½Yﺪﻫﺎــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧY{ﻰﻤﻧ ﺎﻤﻌﺘــﺳY Ãﺎﮔﺎﺑ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻰﻧﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻴــﺳ ،1979 ﺎﻣ ﻢﺘــﺸﻫ Á ﻰﺘﻗÁ ﺮﮕﻳ{ cﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﻰﻣÁ ½M ﻪﻛ ﻰﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﺔﻤﻫ ،ﺮﮕﻳ{ ¥ﺮﻃ Y Á ﻪﺘﺷYﺪﻧ ﻮﻀﺣ ½ﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺮﻫﺎﻈﺗ ﻒﺻ {½Yﻮﺗﻰﻤﻧ ﺮﮕﻳ{ ،ﺪﻧYÃ{Y{ c{ﺎﻬــﺷ «YÁﻮﺑÁ{» ﻪﻴﺟﺎﺣ ﺖﺒﻴﻏ ﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻧ{ﺮﻛ ﻰﺋﺎﻤﻴﭙﻫYcﺎﺒﺛY ﻪﺑ Y ﻰﻧﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻴــﺳ ﻰﺘــﺳﺮﭘﻦﻴﻠﻌﻧ ﻪﻛ {Yﺪﻧ {ﻮﺟÁ Õﺪﻨــﺳ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺖﻔﮔ Á ﻖﻴﻤﻋ cYﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﻈﺘﻧY Õ{ﺰــﻳ ﻢﻴﻫYﺮﺑY Y ½Yﻮﺗﻰﻤﻧ [ﻮﺧ ﻰﻟÁ !ﺪﻧﺎــﺳﺮﺑﻢﻫ Ãﺪﺷ ﺪﻫYﻮﺧ ÃﺪﻧY ﺎﻴﺳ ﺪﻘﻣ Ãﺎﮔ{ Y {ﻮﺧ ﻢﻫ ﻪﻛ Yﺮﭼ .ﺖﺷY{ Y ﻰﺋYﺪﺘﺑYÁ ¹ﻻ ﺮــﺷ ،ﻪﻠﺑ .{ﺮﻛ ﺪﻨﻫYﻮﺧ ﻊﻄﻗ Y YÃﺎﭘﻪﻣ ﺮﺘﺧ{ ½M ﻰــﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻮــﺑÁ ،ﺖﺳY «ﺮﻜﻔﺗ» ÕYﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ¹ﺪﻋ ¹ﺎﺳﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﻘﻣ ½ﺎﺘﺳM { ﺖﻣﺪﺧ ÕYﺮﺑ ﻰﻓﺎﻛ ½ﺎﻨﻳY ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ .ﺪﻧYﻂﻳYﺮﺷ ﺪﺟYÁ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ،«ﻰﺳﻰﺑﻰﺑ» ﺔﻟﺎﺨﻧ ﻪﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺨﺒﺷﻮﺧ.ﺪﻨﺳﻰﻤﻧ Õﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ ﺮﻫYﻮﺧ Õﺎﭘ {ﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ «½Yﺪﻴﻣ» ﻦﻳY {ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ Á «ﻪﻨﻴﭘ ـ ﻪــﻠﺻÁ» ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺮﻬﺑﺮﺒﻛY ﺖﻳﺎــﺳ { ﻪﻛ Õﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪــﺤﻴﻠﻣÕﺪﻬﻣ ﺦﻴﺷ ،ﺎﺳﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﺳ «گYﺰﮕﻳ» Á «-ﻮﻛ» ﺪﻨﭼ { ﺖــﺳY ﻪﻘﻴﻘﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ Y {ﻮﺧ ﻰﻃﺎﻴﺧ «ﺖﺷﺮﺑ ﺪﻟﻮﺗﺮﺑ» ½ﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﺎﺑ Á Ãﺪﻧﺎــﺸﻧ ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ Õﺎﺠﺑ Y ½ﺎﮔﺎﺑÃﺎﮔﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﺻY ½ﻮﺘﺳ ،«[» ¥ﺮﺣ ﻪــﺳ ﺖﻔﮔ ½Yﻮﺗﻰﻣ ﻊﻗYÁ { .ﺪﻧﺎــﺳﻰﻣ ½ﺎﻳﺎﭘﺖﺷﺮﺑ ﺪﻟﻮﺗﺮﺑ ½ﺎﻳﺎﭘ { Á ،½ﺎﮔﺎﺑ :ﺪﻫ{ﻰﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ Y Õﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﻫYﻮﺧ ﻰﮔﺪﻧÁ{!«[» Á{ ﺎﺑ{ﻮﺧ cYﺮﻃﺎﺧ ،«{ﻮــﺑ Áﺮﻳ{ ﺎﮕﻧY» ½Yﻮــﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ÕYﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ { Õﺪــﻤﺤﻣ ﻪــﺤﻴﻠﻣﻰﺘﻣﻮﻜﺣ ½ﺎﮕﺘﺨﻴﻫﺮﻓ ﺮــﮕﻳ{ ¹ﻮــﺳﺮﻣ µYÁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺒﻟY ،Ã{ﺮﻛ ﻞﻘﻧ «[ﻼــﻘﻧY» Y YÕﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ .ﺪﻧﺎﺳﻰﻣ kÁY ﻪﺑ Y Õﺪﻨــﺴﭘ¹Yﻮﻋ Á ﺖﻨﻜﻟ Á µYﺬﺘﺑY ½ﺎــﺸﻳY ﻢﻠﻗﻚﻳ ½YﺮﻳY ﺖﺨﺒــﺷﻮﺧ ½ﺎﻧ ﺮﮕﻳ{ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ Á ﺪﻧ{ﻮﺑ Áﺮــﻋ Ãﺎﺗ ﺎــﻫÁﺮﻧM {{ !{ﻮﺑ Ã{ﺮﻛ kﺎﺧ Õﺪﭘ ﺔﻧﺎﺧ Y Y ½ﺎــﺸﻳY Á {ﻮﺑ Ãﺪﺷ Yﺪﻴﭘ YÕYﺮﺑ ﺎﮕﺘــﺳYﻮﺧ[ﻮﺷM ½ﺎﺗÕYﺮﺑ -YÁﺎــﺳ Á ﺪﻳ{ﻮﺑ ﺖﺨﺒــﺷﻮﺧ {ﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﻳY Õﺎﺠﺑ ﺎﻤــﺷ ﺮﮔY ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧcﻮﻋ{ [ﻮﺷM { ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ﻪﺑ Y ﺎﻤــﺷ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﻰﺑ ½ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ Á ،ﺪﻳ{ﻰﻣ -Yﺪﺗ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧÁ ﻪﻛ Ãﺪﺷ ﻪﭼ ،ﺪﻳﺪﻴﺳﺮﭘﻰﻣ {ﻮﺧ Y ؟ﺪﻳ{ﺮﻛﻰﻣ ﺮﻜﻓ ؟ﺪﻳ{ﺮﻛﻰﻣ ﻪﭼ ،{ﺮﻛﻰﻣﺎﻫﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ÕYﺮﺑ Y -YÁﺎﺳ «Õﺎﻫﻮــﺳﺎﻛ» ﺖﺳ{ ﻮﻔﻨﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺮﻬــﺷ ،½ﺎﺑM 13؟{ﻮﻨﺷﻰﻣ [ﻼﻘﻧY ÕYﺪﺻ Ãﺎــﺷ ½ﺎﻬﮔﺎﻧ Yﺮﭼ Á ؟Ã{Yﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﻟÁ{ cYY{Y ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ ÁÕﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ µﺎﺜﻣY ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳ{ﺮﻛﻰﻣ Y Õﺎﻛ ½ﺎﻤﻫ .ﺪﻳ{ﺮﻛﻰﻤﻧ Õﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ !ﻪﻧ:ﺖﻗﺎﻤﺣ ،ﻢﻴﺋﻮﮕﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺎﻳ [ﻮﺷM kYﻮﻣY { ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻢﺸﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺮﭘ :ﺪﻧ{ﺮﻛ .ﺖــﺳY ½ﺪﻴــﺳ ﺮﻜﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ...]ﻢﻳ{ﺮﻛﻰﻣ ﺮﻜﻓ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ Á ﻢﻳﺪﻳÁ{ﻰﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﮕﻳ{ ﺎــﻣ»«...]ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﺎﺠﻨﻳY ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻮﮔ ؟ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ «ﺰﻳﺮﮔﻖﻄﻨﻣ» ﻞــﺗ Õﻮــﺳ Y Õﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ Á ﻰﻘﻄﻨﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺶﻨﻛYÁ ﻦﻴﻨﭼًﺎــﻗﺎﻔﺗY½{ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻮﺸﻛ { [ﻮﻛﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻤﻛﺎﺣ YﺮﻘﺘﺳY Y ﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳY ¥ﺪﻫ .ﺖــﺳY ﻰﻌﻴﺒﻃﻞﺑﺎﻗ ÃYﻮﻤﻫ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ¹{ﺮﻣ ﺶﻨﻛYÁ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳY ﻪﺑ .ﺖــﺳY ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ {YﺮﻓY «µ{ﺎﻌﺗ»µﺎﺳ ÕﺎﻫÕﺎﺳﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺪﻧYﻮﺘﺑ -YÁﺎــﺳ ÁﺮﻣY ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﻮﺼﺗ .{ﻮﺑ ﺪﻫYﻮﺧ ﻰﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﺔﻧYÁ ÕYﻪﻨﻣﺎﺧ ﺮﺑ گﺮﻣ ﺎﻌــﺷ ﺎﺑ Y ﺎﻫﻰﺼﺨــﺷﺎﺒﻟ Á ،ﺪﻨﻛ Yﺮﻜﺗ ﻮﻧ Y Y 1978Á ،ﺪﻧY{ cﺮﻔﻧ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻦﻳY Y ﻪﻛ ﻰﻣ{ﺮﻣ ﺶــﻨﻛYÁ .ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ Õﺎــﻫ½ﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧÁ ﺎﻫﻰﺼﺨــﺷﺎﺒﻟ ¥ﻮﻔﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ ؟{ﻮﺑ ﺪﻫYﻮﺧ ﻪﭼ ،ﺪﻧY{ ﻖــﺣ ﻢﻫًﻼــﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻴﻟ{ ﻪﺑ Y ¹{ﺮﻣ ﻢﻴﺘﻔﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻰﻟÁ .ﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳY ﻞﻣYﻮﻋ Y ÕÁﻪﻟﺎﺒﻧ{ﻞﻓﺎﺤﻣ ½YYﻮﺧÃﺮﻴﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ÕÁ .{ﺮﻛ ﺶﻧﺮﺳ ½Yﻮﺗﻰﻤﻧ ﻰﻘﻄﻨﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺶﻨﻛYÁءﺎﻛﺮﺷ Á Õﺪﻋﺎﺳ ﺎﻳ ﻖﻃﺎﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺖﻨﻄﻠﺳ ÕYﺪﻧYﺮﺑ Y ﺲﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳY ÕﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳYﻚﻴﺗYﺮﻜﻣ{ ¹ﻼﺳY Õ{ﺎﺒﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ Á ﻰﻧﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻳ ،ﺪﻧ{ ﻪﻤﻴﺧ ﺎﭘÁY {ﺪﻧ{ﺮﻛ «cﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ» Õﻮﺒﻧ ﻢﻴﻫYﺮﺑYﺪﻴﺳ Á {ﻮﻨﻬﺑ {ﻮﻌﺴﻣ ﺦﻴﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻳ ،ﺪﻧ{ﺮﻛ ﻒﺸﻛ Á{ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ Y .ﺪﻧYÃﺪــﺷ µﻮﻐــﺸﻣ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ÕYﺮﺑ cﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻣ Y kﺎــﺧ { Á.Õﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ «cYﺮﻜﻔﺗ» ﻪﺑ ﻢﻳ{ﺮﮔﺎﺑ ﻢﻳ{ﺎﺘﻓY گﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ½YﻮﺧYﺮﻓ ½Yﻮﺗﻰﻣ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ ﺮﻫYﻮﺧ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ Y ﺮﻄﺳ Á{ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ Ç{ﺰﺑﺎﺘﺷ ﻰﺳﺮﺑ ﺎﺑﺎﺠﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧYﺪﺑ ﻪﻜﻨﻳY ½Áﺪﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﻳÁ{ﻰﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ ﺮﻫYﻮﺧ .{ﺮﻛ Ãﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ YﺎﻜﺷM Y½ﺪﻳÁ{ ﻪﻛ Yﺮﭼ .ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔﻰﻣ ½Yﺮﮕﻳ{ ÕYﺮﺑ Y ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳY ﻪﺘﺒﻟY !ﺪﻨــﺳﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻫYﻮﺧﻰﻣ½{ﺮﻛ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ :{Y{ ﻰﺼﺨــﺸﻣًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ÕÁ{ﺰﻣ ½Yﺪﻴﻣ { Õﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﺤﻴﻠﻣ½ﻮﭼ ؟Yﺮﭼ .Õﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﺮﺑYﺮﺑ { ﺖﻨﻄﻠــﺳ Y ﻰﺤﻳﻮﻠﺗ ﺪﻴﺠﻤﺗ Á ،½ﺎﮔﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺑ{ ﻰﻟÁ ،{ﻮﺑ ﺪﻫYﻮﺨﻧ ﺎﺘﺳ{ Á ﻦﻴﻠﻌﻧ ﺖﻟﺎﺧ{ ÕYﺮﺑ ﻰﺋﺎﺟ ﺮﮕﻳ{ Õﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﻚﻳ {.{ﺮﻛ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ©ﻮﻘﺣ Á ﻖﺣ ½Yﺪﻨﺑﺎﺘﺳ{ ÕYﺮﺑ ½Yﻮﺗﻰﻣ ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﺖﻨﻄﻠﺳ
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