Cc chuyn hay xu hng ra thi H 2013

CC NG DNG GII TCH TRONG VT L BI TON TNH QUNG NG

TRONG DAO NG IU HA
phn bit c dao ng c hc vi cc dng chuyn ng c hc khc ngoi nhng vn
rt c bn v l thuyt th bi ton tm qung ng i ca vt dao ng u ho c vai tr rt
quan trng.
Thng thng,khi gp bi ton ny ta chia khong thi gian ra thnh cc phn nguyn ca T/4
ri i tnh tng on.Cch ny thng ch s dng trong cc trng hp c bitmi c hiu
qu.

Xt bi ton tng qut :tm qung ng m mt vt dao ng u ho hay bin i u nn
khng th p dng theo quy lut:
sin( ) x t e = +
i c t thi im
1
t v
2
t
V dao ng u ho khng phi l chuyn ng u nn khng th p dng cng thc lp 10
. gii quyt bi ton ny ta chia khong thi gian
1 2
t t t = + thnh nhng phn dt rt nha cho
trong khong thi gian dt c th coi vn tc ca vt:
,
os( t+ ) v x Ac e e = = (2)
L khng i .Trong khong thi gian ny, qung ng ds m vt i c l:
os( t+ ) ds vdt Ac e e = = dt
Do , qung ng S ca vt t thi im
1
t n thi im
2
t l:

2 2
1 1
os( t+ )
t t
t t
S ds Ac e e = =
} }
dt (3)
Tuy nhin,vic tnh (3) trong trng hp tng qut l khng n gin.


Cc chuyn hay xu hng ra thi H 2013



th ca (2)c biu din trn hnh v
Theo ngha ca php tnh tch phn qung ng m vt i c chnh bng din tch phn
hnh phng gii hn bi th (2),trc Ot v hai ng t=
1
t v t=
2
t
Gi
3
t l thi im ngay sau
1
t vt c vn tc bng 0 ,
4
t l thi im ngay sau trc
2
t vt c
vn tc bng 0.Theo hnh v ta c :

1 3 3 4 4 2
( ) ( ) ( ) S S t t S t t S t t = + + (4)
i vi vt dao ng u ho th sau T/2 n i c qung ng l 2A nn:

3 4
( ) 2 . S t t An = (5)
Trong n l s bn chu k m vt i c t
1
t n
2
t

4 3 2 1
/ 2 / 2
t t t t
n
T T
(
= =
(

(6)
Mt khc,s dng (3)ta c :

3
3
1
1
1 3
( ) os( t+ )dt
t
t
t
t
S t t Ac x e e = =
}
(7)
V

2
4
2
4
4 2
( ) os( t+ )dt
t
t
t
t
S t t Ac x e e = =
}
(8)
T (4),(5),(6),(7) v (8) ta thu dc:

3 2
1 4
2 1
2
/ 2
t t
t t
t t
S x A x
T
(
= + +
(

(9)
By gi ta i xc nh
3
t v
4
t .Mun vy trc ht ta i tm cc thi im m vt c vntc
bng khng:
os( t+ )=0 c e
Hay: ( )
1
2
t k k Z
t
t
e
| |
= + e
|
\ .

Hn na,
3
t v
4
t l thi im ngay sau v ngay trc ca
1
t v
2
t nn:
*
3
t phi tho mn h :

1
3 3
2
a k
3 1 3
t k
t t v Z
t
t
e
| |
= +
|

\ .

> e

(10)
*
4
t phi tho mn h:

Cc chuyn hay xu hng ra thi H 2013


4
1
4
2
a k
4 2 4
t k
t t v Z
t
t
e
| |
= +
|

\ .

s e

(11)
Nh vy,da vo (10) v(11) ta tm c
3
t v
4
t .Nu
2
t -
1
t <T/2 th n = 0.Trng hp c bit
thng gp l = 0,
1
t =0 v
2
t = t.Khi ,
3
t =T/4 nn

1 3
( ) S t t A =
V (9) s c dng ;

4
2
2
/ 2
t
t
t
S A A x
T
(
= + +
(


ng thi (11)cng s n gin hn.


SAU Y TA XT CC BI TON TH D:
BI TON 1:
Mt vt dao ng u ho c phng trnh: 2sin(4 / 6)( ) x t cm t t = +
Tnh qung ng vt i c t lc t
1
=1/12 s n lc t
2
=2 s
GII
*Chu k dao ng :
2 1
2
T s
t
e
= =
*S bn chu k vt thc hin c:


1
2
23
12
7
1
3
4
n
(

(
(
= = =
(
(

(

(ly phn nguyn)
*Qung ng

3 4
( ) 2 . 28 S t t An cm = =
*Thi inm vt c vn tc bng khng:

1 1
( ) ( )
2 12 4
k
t k k Z
t
t
e
= + = + e
Tm t
3
:t
3
tho mn h :

1 1
3
3 1
12 4 12
3
k
t t
k Z

= + > =

Nn k
3
=0 v t
3
=t
1
=1/12(s)
*Qung ng
1 3
( ) 0 S t t =


*Tm t
4
da vo h:
Cc chuyn hay xu hng ra thi H 2013


4
1
2
4 2
12 4
4
k
t t
k Z

= + s =

Nn k
4
=7 v t
4
=11/6(s)
*Qung ng

2
4
4 2
( )
45
2 sin sin(8 )
6 6
sin( ) sin 3
2 6
t
t
S t t x
cm
t t
t
t t
= =
= + =
= =

*Qung ng=31 cm
BI TON 2
Mt vt chuyn ng theo quy lut: 2sin2 x t t = (cm)
Tnh qung ng ca n sau thi gian t=2,875 s k t lc bt u chuyn ng .
GII(Tm tt)
*Chu k dao ng
2
1 T s
t
e
= =
S bn chu k:
| |
2,875
5, 75 5
1
2
n
(
(
= = =
(
(


Qung ng
3 4
( ) 2 20 S t t An cm = =
*Thi imvt c vn tc bng 0:


1
4 2
k
t = +
*V 0 = v t
1
=0 nn t
3
=T/4 v
1 3
( ) 2 S t t A cm = =
*Thi im t
4
tho mn:

4
1
2,875
4 2
4 2
4
k
t t
k Z

= + s =

Nn k
4
=5 v t
4
=11/4s
*Qung ng :

2,875
4 2 11
4
( ) 0, 6 S t t x cm = =

*Do S=20+20+0,6=22,6 cm
Cc chuyn hay xu hng ra thi H 2013

Qua bi ton tng qut v my v d trn chng ta c th a ra phng php chung
gii cc bi ton loi ny:
1Cn c vo phng trnh dao ng ,xc nh cc i lng A, ,e v T
2Tnh s bn chu k m vt thc hin c trong khong thi gian t
2
-t
1



























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