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How Cambodia’s elite has capturedthe country’s extractive industries
 A report by Global Witness, February 2009
 
The same political elite who squandered Cambodia’s timber resourcesare now responsible for managing its mineral and petroleum wealth.Like high-value timber, these resources are a one-off opportunity. Oncethey are gone, they are gone forever.
 
 
Country or Sale | a p b Gb Wiss | b 2009
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Contents
Map 2Glossary o key terms 2
Rcmmdis
3
Smmry 
5
 ChapteR one: Cmbdi’s xrcividsris –  sks r ig 
9Minerals – an introduction 11Oil and gas – an introduction 11Cambodia today: From democracy experiment toone-party kleptocracy 12Box 1: Wasted wood – the lessons o illegal logging 13Process matters: Why the allocation o concessionsin Cambodia is important 14Box 2: Cambodian land investment – it’s a steal! 14
ChapteR two: Miig 
15Map o known mining activity in Cambodia 16The regulation o mining in Cambodia 17Licensed to drill? 18Who owns the land? 18 Access to inormation 18“Conservation areas are not inviolable” 18Box 3: Mining in Virachey National Park 20Rattanak Stone-Kenertec mine 21Early ownership 21Box 4: How much do mining rights cost? 22Hongu-Try Pheap mine 23Box 5: Pheapimex-ploitation 24Southern Mining 25Rangers blocked 26Cambodian soldiers, Vietnamese owners 26Box 6: The role o Cambodia’s armed orces in thethet o public assets 27Float Asia Friendly Mation 27Box 7: The return o Dy Chouch 30Koh Kong sand 31Box 8: Singapore – the shiting sands o landreclamation 32The Phat o the sand 33The Cham Borey connection 33Chart 1: Key players in Cambodia’s mining industry 34
ChapteR thRee: oil d gs 
35Legal ramework and legislative process 36Transers o power 37Box 9: Sok An 38Governing Cambodia’s oil and gas sector: A case o contract law? 39Chart 2: Fees requested in the Cambodiangovernment’s drat Petroleum Agreement 39Structure o the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority: The rit within… 40Chart 3: Structure o Cambodian National Petroleum Authority 40Box 10: Pay day politics 41Inormation fows? 41Bidding rounds and the allocation o ProductionSharing Contracts 42Box 11: New kids on the block? 42Map o known oil and gas concessions 43Who is behind the names? The allocation o oiland gas concessions in Cambodia 43Block A 43Block B 43Box 12: Chevron – the challenge o transparency 44Block C 45Block D 46Block E 47Block F 48Block XII 48Blocks X and XV 48Other blocks 48Cambodian signature bonuses – whoever signs thesignature gets the bonus 49Thump i you love oil:Exploring onshore in Battambang and Pursat 50
ChapteR fouR: Cmbdi’s drs – d y rk r? 
53Box 13: Missing in action – Cambodia’santi-corruption law 55To be or not to be? The Extractive IndustriesTransparency Initiative 55The complexities o partnership 55Chart 4: How to give money and still not infuencepeople 56
Cclsi
58 Abbreviations 59Endnotes 60
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