Cho mng cc thy c gio n vi tit hc Ton ca lp 11C!

TRNG PH THNG DTNT CP II III BC QUANG T : KHTN cp III. Bi ging Hnh hc 11 Tit 19

3. ng thng v mt
phng song song
Gio vin: Nguyn Th Huyn

 3. ng thng v mt phng song song

I- V tr tng i ca ng thng v mt phng

Cho ng thng a v mt phng (). Ty theo s im chung ca d v (), ta c 3 trng hp: 1, d () = O d d song song () K hiu : d 2, d- () = {I} // () d ct () =I 3, d () = {M, N,.....} - K hiu : d () ) d ) ) d I

d nm trong ()

II. TNH CHT

1. nh l 1: Nu ng thng d khng nm trong mt phng () v d song song vi ng thng d nm trong () th d song song vi (). ( d Gt d () , d// d d d () d// () d Chng ) minh: Gi () = (d, d). c ( ) () = d. Ta - Nu ( ) d = {M} th M d hay d d = {M}(Mu thun gi thit l d // d). Vy d // kl

p dng nh l 1: Mun chng minh mt ng thng song song vi mt mt phng ta chng minh ng thng song song vi mt ng thng bt k2: Hot ng nm trong mt phng. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N, A P ln lt l trung im ca AB, AC, AD. Cc ng thng MN, NP, PM c song song vi mt P M phng ( BCD) khng? Gii - V AM = MB, AN = NC nn trong ABC c MN l ng B trung bnh MN // BC m BC ( BCD). Theo .l 1, ta c: NM // - Tng t: NP // ( BCD), ( BCD) MP // ( BCD). N D

2) nh l 2: Cho ng thng d song song vi mt phng (). Nu mt phng () cha ng thng d v ct () theo giao tuyn a th a song song vi d.

GT d ()
:

d // (),
(

() = a KL

() d // a Chng minh:

- Gi s d khng song song vi a d a = {M} th M d v M () hay d () = {M}(Mu thun gi thit l d // ()). - Vy d // a

p dng nh l 2: Tm giao tuyn ca mp () v i

mp ( ) cha ng thng d song song () .

+)Tm mt im chung ca hai mt phng

A +) Giao tuyn i qua im chung v ( song song vi d. V d : Cho t din ABCD. Gi M l mt im nm trong tam gic ABC, () l mt phng i qua M v B song song vi cc ng thng AB v CD. Hy tm thit din ca mt phng ( ) vi t din ABCD.

Gii: V M () v () // AB nn () (ABC) = d ( d i qua M v d // AB). Gi d AC = E, d BC = F, - Mt khc, () // CD () (ACD) = EH, () (BCD) = FG ( EH // CD, FG // CD, H CD, G BD). A ( T gic EFGH l thit din. H - V () // AB, ( ABD) () E = HG HG // AB. - T gic EFGH c EF // HG(//AB), EH // FG (// CD) nn EFGH l hnh bnh hnh. B F C M G

H qu: Nu hai mt phng phn bit cng song song vi mt ng thng th giao tuyn ca chng ( Nu c) cng song song vi ng thng . Gt ( ) // d a Kl () // d, () ()= a // d Chng minh: ( BTVN) ( (

 ng thng v mt phng song song

I- V tr tng i ca ng thng d v mt phng ()) + d // ( + d () = I + d ()

II. Tnh cht

nh l 1: Nu mt ng thng d khng nm trn

mt phng () v song song vi mt ng thng d no nm trn () th ng thng d song song vi mt phng () .

nh l 2: Cho ng thng d song song vi mt phng (). Nu mt phng ( ) cha d v ct mt phng () theo giao tuyn a th a song song vi d. H qu: Nu hai mt phng ct nhau v cng song song vi mt ng thng th giao tuyn ca

Bi tp v nh
Bi 1, 2 SGK trang 63 Bi tp sch bi tp trang 47

Xin chn thnh cm n s ch theo di ca cc thy gio, c gio v tp th lp 11C

VD 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l mt t gic li . Gii O l giao im ca hai ng cho AC v BD .Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp ct bi mt phng () i qua O ,song song vi AB v SC . Thit din l hnh g ? Q

P N

Gii V ()

(ABCD) = O m () // AB nn giao tuyn d i qua O, d // AB, d AD = N, d BC = M .Tng t () (SBC) = M v () // SC nn giao tuyn qua M song song SC ct SB ti Q.V () v (SAB) c chung im Q , () //AB nn giao tuyn qua Q song song AB ct SA ti P.Hnh thang MNPQ l thit din cn tm.