TS.

PHNG QUC VIT

TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN

MN HO HC

NH XUT BN GIO DC
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LI NI U "Kim tra mt cch c t chc l cc kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh l iu kin khng th thiu ci tn cng tc dy hc. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm cho khoa hc s phm cha theo kp nhng i hi ca thc tin l ch cc phng php kim tra nh gi kt qu cng tc cha c hon chnh. V vy vic xy dng v hon chnh cc phng php kim tra kt qu hc tp trng ph thng n nay vn cn l mt trong nhng vn quan trng nht.[6, tr.230] "Hc sinh s hc tt hn, nu thng xuyn c kim tra nh gi mt cch nghim tc, cng bng, vi k thut tt, hiu nghim... i mi dy hc th nht thit phi i mi cch thc kim tra - nh gi. [7, tr.185] Vic kim tra - nh gi ni ring v thi c ni chung ang l vn thi s hin nay c c nc quan tm. Ngh quyt i hi i biu ton quc ln th IX ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam ghi r: Trong nhng nm trc mt, gii quyt dt im nhng vn bc xc; sa i chng trnh o to p ng yu cu v ngun nhn lc ca s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho; ci tin ch thi c. [1,tr.111] Trc nghim khch quan (TNKQ) l mt trong nhng phng php kim tra nh gi c nhiu u im, c bit l tnh khch quan trong kim tra - nh gi. Nu kt hp cht ch gia TNKQ, trc nghim t lun, vn p v quan st s cho php gio vin nh gi khch quan, cng bng v chnh xc kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh. T nm hc 2006-2007 c nc thc hin chng trnh v sch gio khoa mi bc THPT. Mt trong nhng yu cu thc hin i mi chng trnh v sch gio khoa l tng cng s dng TNKQ vo vic nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh. V vy, chng ti bin son Cun sch Trc nghim khch quan mn ho hc chng trnh trung hc ph thng lm ti liu tham kho cho sinh vin trng HSP ngnh ho, gio vin v hc sinh THPT v i mi phng php kim tra - nh gi nhm nng CaO cht lng dy hc ha hc. Cun sch c bin son theo chng trnh v sch gio khoa mi. Chng ti xin cm n GS.TSKH. Nguyn Cng, PGS.TS. ng nh Bch ng.gp cc kin rt qu bu trong qu trnh chng ti bin son Cun sch ny. Chng ti cm n s cng tc ca cc thy c gio v sinh vin Khoa Ho trng HSP Thi Nguyn gip chng ti hon thnh Cun sch ny. Cun sch ln u ra mt chc cn nhiu thiu st, chng ti mong mun c gi ng gp kin ln ti bn s hon thin hn. TC GI
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Phn I I. KIM TRA - NH GI TRONG QU TRNH DY HC HO HC 1.1 MC CH CA KIM TRA - NH GI Kim tra - nh gi l qu trnh xc nh trnh t ti nhng ch tiu ca mc ch dy hc, nh gi tnh trng kin thc, k nng, thi ca hc sinh i chiu vi nhng ch tiu ca mc ch dy hc ra. Xc nh xem khi kt thc mt on trn vn ca mt qu trnh dy hc, mc ch dy hc hon thnh n mc no, kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh ph hp n u so vi mc ch mong mun. Nh kim tra - nh gi s pht hin mt t c v cha t c trong trnh cn t ti ca hc sinh v pht hin ra nhng kh khn tr ngi trong qu trnh lnh hi kin thc ca hc sinh. Trn c s ny tm hiu k cc nguyn nhn ca nhng lch lc v pha ngi dy cng nh ngi hc hoc c th t khch quan. Pht hin lch lc, tm ra nguyn nhn ca lch lc cho php gio vin iu chnh k hoch hnh ng trong quy trnh cng ngh dy hc ca mnh, hon thin hot ng dy nhm nng CaO cht lng, hiu qu ca qu trnh dy hc. Qua , gio vin s tm bin php khc phc cc kh khn, tr ngi, gip hc sinh t nh gi v iu chnh hot ng hc cho ph hp, thc y qu trnh chim lnh cc khi nim ha hc ca hc sinh tin ln cht lng mi. [7]. 1.2. H THNG CC PHNG PHP KIM TRA - NH GI Hin nay, a s cc nh khoa hc gio dc phn chia cc phng php kim tra nh gi lm 3 nhm : quan st, kim tra vit v vn p (xem s 1). 1.2.1. Quan st Gip ngi gio vin xc nh nhng thi , nhng kh khn nhng phn ng v thc, nhng k nng thc hnh v mt s k nng khc v nhn thc, chng hn cch gii quyt vn trong mt tnh hung ang c nghin cu. i vi ho hc - mn khoa hc thc nghim, phng php quan st c ngha rt quan trng. Qua vic quan st cc thao tc v k nng th nghim ca hc sinh, ngi gio vin c th nh gi c hng th, nhit tnh, thi hc tp v mt phn no kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh. Hoc qua vic quan st thi ca hc sinh khi i thc t, tham quan cc nh my, cc c s sn xut, hoc cc hot ng ngoi kha ha hc, ngi gio vin c th nh gi c mt s mt hc sinh.

S 1 : H thng cc phng php kim tra nh gi

1.2.2. Vn p * u im : Bi dng nng lc din t kin thc bng li ni, gip hc sinh trau di phn ng mau l trc cu hi, pht trin ngn ng ni mch lc, tp cho hc sinh trnh by vn mt cch thuyt phc. i vi nhng cu hi tng i phc tp, qua cu tr li ca hc sinh, ngi gio vin nh gi c s hiu bit v k nng din t kin thc theo mt trnh t logic, cch lp lun nhng quan im l thuyt mt cch thuyt phc. Khi kim tra vn p c s dng th nghim v cc phng tin trc quan, gio vin nh gi c k nng vn dng kin thc thc hnh ca hc sinh. Kim tra vn p c tc dng tt trong vic hon thin kin thc cho hc sinh, ngha l trong khi nghe bn tr li, cc hc sinh khc c th t cng c hoc b sung kin thc ca bn thn. Vn dng kho lo phng php kim tra vn p s pht huy c tnh tch cc, c lp, ng thi to ra bu khng kh si ni trong hc tp ca hc sinh. Thng qua kim tra vn p, ngi gio vin nhanh chng nhn c nhng thng tin, tn hiu ngc t pha ngi hc iu chnh kp thi hot ng ging dy v hc tp ph hp vi mc ch dy hc. Kim tra vn p c th kim tra c khi lng kin thc "rng" hn so vi kim tra vit.
* Nhc im : Kim tra vn p t tc dng trong vic pht trin cho hc sinh 4

nng lc trnh by, h thng ha kin thc, nng lc Din t kin thc bng vn vit. Nu cc bi thi hc k, thi Cui nm s dng hnh thc kim tra vn p s mt nhiu thi gian, hoc trn lp vi thi gian hn ch ngi gio vin ch c th s dng mt s t cu hi vi mt s hc sinh hn ch. i khi vic kim tra vn p c th ko di v mt s hc sinh chun b bi hm khng tt, gio vin li khng mun nh gi khng ng v hc sinh ny nn kim tra chi tit hn, nh vy nh hng n thi gian ging bi mi. 1 2.3. Trc nghim t lun * u im: S dng phng php kim tra bng trc nghim t lun (TNTL), ch trong mt thi gian ngn c th kim tra c s lng ln hc sinh. Kt qu ca bi kim tra l nhng thc o khch quan kin thc ca hc sinh v nhng vn thuc phm vi cu hi. - Qua bi kim tra gio vin nh gi c mt vi loi t duy mc cao v nhn c bn ghi r rng cc cu tr li ca hc sinh. - nh gi c kh nng din t kin thc ca hc sinh bng ngn ng vit (nh gi c hc sinh v kh nng trnh by chnh xc, c h thng, c chn lc). nh gi c nng lc nhn thc : phn tch, tng hp, khi qut ha, h thng ha kin thc - Kim tra bng TNTL to iu kin cho hc sinh pht trin t duy logic. Trong qu trnh kim tra hc sinh chm ch vo lm bi hn, suy lun d dng hn, suy ngh k hn v cch gii v tr li chnh xc hn. * Nhc im: Qua kim tra bng TNTL mi hc sinh ch bc l h nm vng kin thc nh th no v mt phn hn ch ca chng trnh, v cc hc sinh ch phi tr li mt s t cu hi. Cu hi TNTL thng ch bao gm mt s ni dung hn ch ca chng trnh d dn hc sinh n tnh trng hc t, hc lch. Mt khc kim tra bng TNTL kh c iu kin nh gi c k nng thc hnh th nghim, s dng dng dy hc v kh nng din t cc vn khoa hc bng li ni ca hc sinh... Ngoi ra, trong thc t cc trng ph thng, s lng hc sinh mi lp kh ng s dn n tnh trng quay cp trong khi lm bi, gy kh khn cho vic nh gi chnh xc kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh. 1.2.4. Trc nghim khch quan (TNKQ) Nhm cc cu trc nghim m trong thi thng bao gm rt nhiu cu hi, mi cu nu ra mt vn cng vi thng tin cn thit sao cho th sinh ch phi tr li vn tt cho tng cu.

* u im - Trong mt thi gian ngn, kim tra c nhiu kin thc c th, i vo nhng kha cnh khc nhau ca mt kin thc. - Ni dung kin thc kim tra "rng" c tc dng chng li khuynh hng hc t, hc lch. - S lng cu hi nhiu, tin cy v c s nh gi chnh xc trnh ca hc sinh thng qua kim tra. - Tuy vic bin son cu hi tn nhiu thi gian, song vic chm bi nhanh chng v chnh xc. Ngoi ra c th s dng cc phng tin k thut chm bi mt cch rt nhanh chng v chnh xc. - Gy hng th v tnh tch cc hc tp cho hc sinh. - Gip hc sinh pht trin k nng nhn bit, hiu, ng dng v phn tch. - Vi phm vi bao qut rng ca bi kim tra, th sinh khng th chun b ti liu quay cp. Vic p dng cng ngh mi vo vic son tho cc thi cng hn ch n mc thp nht hin tng quay cp v trao i bi. * Nhc im Kt qu ca bi kim tra bng phng php TNKQ ph thuc rt nhiu vo ngi bin son cu trc nghim. Nu l ngi t kinh nghim v trnh chuyn mn khng cao th phng php TNKQ t pht huy c kh nng t duy: so snh, phn tch, tng hp v khi qut ha hc sinh m ch rn luyn tr nh my mc. - Phng php TNKQ thng khng nh gi c t tng, nhit tnh, hng th, thi ca hc sinh, v hc sinh khng bc l nhng kha cnh t tng tnh cm ca mnh trong bi lm. - Phng php TNKQ khng nh gi c nng lc vn dng kin thc ca hc sinh trong trng hp hc sinh chn cu ng mt cch ngu nhin, v vy thng tin la chn phi ngn nga vic ngu nhin chn ng. - Phng php TNKQ tuy nh gi c kin thc vt liu to nn ni dung nhng khng nh gi c cch din t cng nh khng nh gi c ngn ng vit ca hc sinh. II. S DNG TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN TRONG KIM TRA NH GI KT QU HC TP CA HC SINH [2], [5], [12] 2.1. KHI NIM TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN Bi trc nghim c gi l khch quan v h thng cho im l khch quan ch khng ch quan nh i vi bi trc nghim t lun. Thng thng c nhiu cu tr li c cung cp cho mi cu hi ca bi trc nghim nhng ch c mt cu l cu
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tr li ng hay cu tr li tt nht. Bi trc nghim c chm im bng cch m s ln m ngi lm trc nghim chn c cu tr li ng trong s nhng cu tr li c cung cp. (Mt s cch chm im cn c c s pht im do on m, v d nh tr i mt t l no ca s cu tr li sai so vi s cu tr li ng hoc c th nhn h s cho mt s cu no . ..). C th coi l kt qu chm im s nh nhau, khng ph thuc vo vic ai chm bi trc nghim . Thng thng mt bi trc nghim khch quan gm c nhiu cu hi hn l mt bi trc nghim t lun, v mi cu hi thng c th c tr li bng mt du hiu n gin. Ni dung ca mt bi trc nghim khch quan cng c phn ch quan theo ngha l n i din cho mt s phn xt ca mt ngi no v bi trc nghim. Ch c vic chm im l khch quan. C mt s loi hnh cu hi v cc thnh t ca bi trc nghim c s dng trong khi vit mt bi trc nghim khch quan. 2.2. PHN LOI CU TNKQ Hin nay, a s cc nh gio dc thng nht chia cc cu hi TNKQ thnh 5 loi. a) Cu hi nhiu la chn y l loi cu hi thng dng nht, c s dng nhiu nht v c hiu qu nht. N cho php kim tra nhng trnh cao hn v nhn thc, thun li hn so vi cc cu trc nghim khc. Trc nghim nhiu la chn gm hai phn: Phn u l phn dn (c th l mt cu hi hoc mt cu dn), phn sau l t 3 n 5, thng l 4 hoc 5 phng n tr li vi k hiu l cc ch ci A, B, C, D, E hoc cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Trong cc phng n , ch c duy nht mt phng n l ng hoc ng nht gi l p n. Cc phng n khc gi l cu "gy nhiu i vi th sinh, buc th sinh phi nm vng kin thc th mi phn bit c. Nu ngi bin son cu hi c nhiu kinh nghim, th loi cu ny c tc dng kch thch suy ngh n huy ng ton b cc thao tc t duy, phn tch, phn on, suy lun ca hc sinh. Th d : t chy mt anehit thu c s mol kh cacbonic bng s mol nc, th anehit l : A. Anehit no, n chc. B. Anehit no. C Anehit no, hai chc. p n: A Khi lm bi, hc sinh ch vic nh du vo cu tr li c chn. V vy, c th kim tra nhanh vi nhiu vn trong mt thi gian ngn, vic chm bi cng nhanh. b) Cu hi ghp i Loi ny gm hai dy thng tin. Mt dy l cu hi (hoc cu dn), cn dy kia
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D. Anehit vng no, n chc. E. Anehit khng no c mt ni i.

l cu tr li. Thng thng, dy ny nhiu hn dy kia mt s cu gy nhiu. Hc sinh phi ghp i tng cp sao cho ng v ni dung. Loi cu ny thch hp vi vic kim tra mt nhm kin thc c lin quan (nht l kim tra cc nh ngha, cc khi nim...) Th d : Ghp cc cu hai dy sau cho thch hp. A. Axit l nhng cht B. Baz l nhng cht C Oxit l nhng cht D. Mui l nhng cht 1. C kh nng nhn proton 2. C kh nng cho proton 3. M phn t gm cc cation kim loi v cc anion gc axit. 4. C cha nguyn t hiro trong phn t 5. Gm nguyn t oxi lin kt vi nguyn t ha hc khc. p n : A-2, B-1, C-5, D-3 c) Cu ni ng - sai y l loi c bit ca cu hi nhiu la chn, nhng ch c hai cch chn l: ng hoc sai. Cu dn thng khng phi l cu hi. Loi cu hi ny thch hp vi vic kim tra kin thc s kin, nh ngha, khi nim.Loi cu ny rt c ch trong vic pht hin ra quan nim sai trong lnh vc ha hc. Th d: Hy nh du ng hoc sai vo cc cu sau: A. S kh l qu trnh nhng electron. B. Cht oxi ha l cht thu electron. C Cht kh l cht nhng electron. D. S oxi ha l qu trnh thu electron. p n : A) S d) Cu in khuyt Nu ra mt mnh c khuyt mt vi b phn, th sinh phi tm ra ni dung thch hp in vo ch trng (c th l mt t, hoc mt cm t) trong cu tr li c chun b sn (hoc th sinh t tm ni dung thch hp). Loi cu ny dng kim tra mc ti hin, hiu cc nh ngha, nh lut v tnh cht ca cc cht. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp, hc sinh phi vn dng cc kin thc, k nng gii. B) C) D) S

Th d: Hy la chn t (hoc ng) trong ngoc n in vo ch trng trong cu sau: Trong mt phn ng oxi ha-kh, tng s electron m cht kh cho tng s electron m cht oxi ha nhn. (bng, ln hn, nh hn, l) p n: "Bng " e) Cu hi bng hnh v Trn hnh v s c thiu hoc ch thch sai, hoc yu cu hc sinh la chn mt phng n ng hoc ng nht trong s cc phng n ra v gio vin yu cu hc sinh tr li, b sung hoc sa cha sao cho hon chnh. Loi cu hi ny c s dng khi kim tra kin thc thc hnh, quan st th nghim ca hc sinh. Th d: Chn phng n ng nht Dng c v sau y c th iu ch c nhng kh no trong phng th nghim trong s cc kh sau: Cl2, NH3, NO, CO2, O2 ?

A) Cl2, CO2 B) NO, NH3, O2 C) Cl2, CO2, O2 D) CO2, NO E) Cl2, NO, CO2 p n: C

2.3. SO SNH U, NHC IM CA TNKQ V TNTL TNKQ v TNTL l hai phng php hu hiu kim tra - nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh. Mi phng php u c u, nhc im nht nh th hin qua bng so snh sau:

BNG SO SNH U IM PHNG PHP TNKQ V TNTL

VnsosnhTNKQTNTLttncngra+nhgickhnngdin s T T t,cbitldinttduy hnhtng+ thibaoqutcphnlnnidunghctp+ tmayridotr n p ngt,lcht+ ttncngchmthivkhchquantrongchmthi+ pdng t ccngnghmitrongchmthivphntchkt quthi+ Khuynkhchkhnngphntchvhiungngikhc+ Khu t k ynkhchssuynghclpcacnhn+ n

Du (+) ch ra u im thuc v phng php . phn bit dng cu hi TNKQ v dng cu hi TNTL, ta tm hiu bng so snh sau: BNG SO SNH DNG CU HI TNKQ V TNTL TiuchunnhgiTNKQTNTLKtqunhgiTtmchiu,b g T T g it, ngdng,phntch. Khngthchhpmc tnghp,nhgi,sosnh.Khngthchhpmc s nhnbit. Ttmchiu,pdng, phntch. Ttmctnghp,ph phn,duylun.Tnhidincani n dungNidungcthbaoqut d tondinvinhiucuhi.Phmvikimtrachtptrung i vomtskhacnhcth.ChunbcuhiKh,tnnhiuthigian, . i yucuchuynmncao.DhnCchchoimKhchquan,nginvn c n i nh.Chquan,khvtnnh.Nhngyutlmsai n n lchimKhnngc,hiuvphn i on.Khnngvit,cccchth o hin.KtqucthcKhuynkhchghinh, h c hiu,phntchkinca ngikhc. Khnngbtnhanh.Khuynkhchtnghp,din n tkincabnthn. Thhintduylogiccabn thn. t
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Qua bng so snh trn ta thy s khc nhau r rt nht gia hai phng php l tnh khch quan, cng bng, chnh xc; c bit l tnh khch quan trong kim - tra nh gi. i vi TNTL, kt qu chm thi ph thuc nhiu vo ch quan ca ngi chm, nn kh t ti s cng bng, khch quan v chnh xc. khc phc nhc im ny, ngi ta ci tin vic chm thi bng cch ra cc p n c thang im rt chi tit. Tuy nhin, nhiu cng trnh nghin cu ch ra s thin lch trong vic chm thi l kh trnh khi. i vi TNKQ, kt qu chm bi l khch quan, chnh xc, khng ph thuc vo ngi chm, nht l khi bi c chm bng my. y l u im ln ca phng php TNKQ so vi phng php TNTL. Tuy nhin, khng th ni phng php TNKQ l tuyt i khch quan, v vic son tho cu hi v nh im cho cc cu hi c phn ph thuc vo ngi son cu TNKQ. Khi no th dng TNKQ hoc TNTL trong kim tra - nh gi kt qu hc tp hc sinh? Cc chuyn gia v nh gi cho rng TNTL nn dng cho trng hp sau: (1) Khi hc sinh khng qu ng. (2). Khi mun khuyn khch v nh gi cch din t. (3). Khi mun tm hiu tng ca hc sinh hn l kho st thnh qu hc tp. (4). Khi khng c thi gian son , nhng c thi gian chm bi. (5). Khi c th tin tng vo kh nng chm bi t lun ca gio vin l khch quan v chnh xc. Cn TNKQ nn dng trong cc trng hp sau: (1). Khi s hc sinh rt ng. (2). Khi mun chm nhanh v nht l c my chm. (3). Khi mun c im s ng tin cy, khng ph thuc vo ngi chm. (4). Khi phi coi trng yu t cng bng, v t, chnh xc v mun ngn chn s gian ln trong thi c. (5). Khi mun kim tra mt phm vi hiu bit rng, mun ngn nga nn hc t, hc vt v gim thiu s may ri. Phng php TNKQ c nhiu u th hn so vi phng php TNTL. Song phng php TNKQ khng phi l phng php vn nng, v khng nn thay th hon ton phng php kim tra - nh gi truyn thng. Cn s dng ng lc ng ch v phi hp cc phng php kim tra - nh gi nh gi khch quan, cng bng v chnh xc kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh nhm nng cao cht lng dy hc.

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2.4. NH GI CHT LNG CU TNKQ nh gi cht lng cu TNKQ hoc ca thi TNKQ, ngi ta thng dng mt s i lng c trng. Sau y ch gii thiu mt s i lng quan trng nht, bng cch gii thch nh tnh n gin. a) kh Khi ni n kh, ta phi xem cu TNKQ l kh i vi i tng no. Nh vic th nghim trn cc i tng th sinh ph hp, ngi ta c th xc nh kh nh sau: Chia th sinh lm ba nhm: - Nhm gii: Gm 27% s lng th sinh c im cao nht ca k kim tra. - Nhm km: Gm 27% s lng th sinh c im thp nht ca k kim tra. - Nhm trung bnh : Gm 46% s lng th sinh cn li, khng thuc hai nhm trn. Khi h s v kh c cu hi (DV) c tnh nh sau: NG + NK DV= x 100% 2n NG : S th sinh thuc nhm gii tr li ng cu hi. NK : S th sinh thuc nhm km tr li ng cu hi. n : Tng s th sinh nhm gii (hoc nhm km). DV t 25% - 75% : S dng bnh thng. DV t 10% - 25% v 75% - 90% : Nn thn trng khi s dng. DV < 10% v DV > 90% : Khng nn s dng. b) phn bit Khi ra mt cu hoc mt bi trc nghim cho mt nhm th sinh no , ngi ta mun phn bit trong nhm y nhng ngi c nng lc khc nhau nh: gii, kh, trung bnh, km Cu TNKQ thc hin kh nng , gi l c phn bit. Mun cho cu hi c phn bit, th phn ng ca nhm th sinh gii v nhm th sinh km i vi cu hi hin nhin phi khc nhau. Thc hin php tnh thng k, ngi ta tnh c phn bit D) theo cng thc : NG - NK D)= n D) > 0,32 D) t 0,22 - 0,3 1 : S dng bnh thng. : Nn thn trng khi s dng.
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D) < 0,22 c) tin cy

: Khng nn s dng.

Trc nghim l mt php o lng bit c nng lc ca i tng c o Tnh chnh xc ca php o lng ny rt quan trng. tin cy ca bi trc nghim chnh l i lng biu th mc chnh xc ca php o nh bi trc nghim. Ton hc thng k cho nhiu phng php tnh tin cy ca mt bi trc nghim; hoc da vo s n nh ca kt qu trc nghim gia 2 ln o cng mt nhm i tng hoc da vo s tng quan gia kt qu ca cc b phn tng ng nhau trong mt bi trc nghim (hoc p dng cc phng php o tin cy theo ti liu. d) gi tr Yu cu quan trng nht ca bi trc nghim vi t cch l mt php o lng trong gio dc l n o c ci cn o. Php o bi bi trc nghim t c mc tiu l php o c gi tr. gi tr ca bi trc nghim l i lng biu th mc t c mc tiu ra cho php o nh bi trc nghim. bi trc nghim c gi tr cao, cn xc nh t m mc tiu cn o qua bi trc nghim v bm st mc tiu trong qu trnh xy dng ngn hng cu hi trc nghim cng nh t chc k thi. Nu thc hin khng ng qui trnh trn th s c kh nng kt qu ca php o s phn nh mt ci g khc ch khng phi ci m chng ta mun o nh bi trc nghim. Mt trong nhng phng php xc nh gi tr ca k thi l tnh xem kt qu ca k thi trn mt nhm th sinh c tng quan cht ch ti kt qu hc tp bc cao hn ca nhm th sinh hay khng? 2.5. QUY TRNH CHUN B V TRIN KHAI K THI TNKQ TIU CHUN HA Phng php TNKQ thng c p dng cc k thi c quy m ln, cng c th p dng t chc kim tra cc lp thng thng vi s th sinh khng ng lm. Trong k thi ny, ngi ta phi chun b ht sc cng phu v phn thi, quy trnh thi, th thc chm thi, cch cng b kt qu Ngi ta gi l k thi tiu chun ha. c bit, cc cu hi trong mt thi tiu chun ha l cc cu hi c th nghim, phn tch, gt gia, nh c... (tc l xc nh c kh, phn bit ca tng cu v tin cy, gi tr ca tng bi). Quy trnh t chc mt k thi trc nghim tiu chun ha rt phc tp, c th m t tm tt cc bc ca quy trnh nh sau. (1). T mc ch v ni dung dy hc, xc nh mc ch v ni dung cn kim tra - nh gi; ng thi, phi nh ra yu cu v cc mc k nng, chng hn: nh, hiu, bit, vn dng, phn tch, tng hp. thc hin bc ny, ngi ta thng lp ra mt ma trn hai chiu: cc dng phn theo cc phn ni dung, cc ct phn theo cc
13

mc k nng, trong mi c gn mt trng s biu th tm quan trng ca mi ni dung cn kim tra (hoc s cu hi cn thit) ca phn ni dung v mc k nng tng ng (Lp bng c trng ca ni dung kim tra). (2). Phn cng cho cc gio vin, mi ngi vit mt s cu trc nghim theo cc yu cu c th v ni dung v mc k nng xc nh. (3). Trao i trong nhm ng nghip. Kinh nghim cho thy qu trnh trao i ny rt quan trng, gip lc gi pht hin v sa cha c nhiu sai st m bn thn khng cm thy. (4). Bin tp v a cc cu trc nghim vo ngn hng lu trong my tnh. Ph trch bin tp phi l ngi am hiu c v chuyn mn ln k thut vit trc nghim. Ngn hng cu hi c qun l bng mt phn mm tin hc chuyn dng. (5). Lp thi v t chc thi th trn mt s nhm th sinh, cc nhm ny l "mu i din cho i tng th sinh d thi. (6). Chm thi v phn tch thng k cc kt qu thi th. Phng php thng k cho php xc nh cc c trng ca mi cu trc nghim nh kh, phn cch, qua c th nh gi tin cy ca bi trc nghim, phn loi cht lng cc cu trc nghim. (7). Gia cng cc cu hi km cht lng v thay cc cu gia cng vo ngn hng. (8). Ra thi chnh thc: Cn c vo dn bi (phn b cu theo ni dung v mc k nng), nh phn mm tin hc chn mt cch ngu nhin t ngn hng s cu hi cn thit vi cc c trng xc nh ( kh, phn cch, mc k nng) lp nn mt thi. phn mm tin hc c th to ra cc thi tng ng c cng ni dung nhng khc nhau v hnh thc bng cch o ln th t cc cu hi v cc phng n tr li. (9). In thi v t chc thi: thi c in sn, pht cho tng th sinh trong phng th sinh. (10). Chm v phn tch thng k cc kt qu thi. Ngy nay, ngi ta c th phn tch kt qu trc nghim trn cc h thng t ng gm my qut quang hc v my tnh c phn mm tin hc h tr vic chm thi. Phn mm tin hc cho php phn tch t m v cht lng cc cu trc nghim v nhiu yu t lin quan n bi lm ca th sinh. (11). Cng b kt qu thi. Trong ton b qu trnh, cc bc t 2 n 7 phi lp li nhiu ln hon thin dn v tng s lng cc cu trc nghim trong ngn hng. Qua c th thy rng, ngn hng cc cu trc nghim khng phi l kho lu tr bt ng m nh mt c th
14

sng, lun c hon thin v pht trin. Khc vi cc trong b thi t lun, cc cu TNKQ trong ngn hng cu hi v thi TNKQ phi c bo mt tuyt i trc khi em ra s dng. Nhng thi v nhng cu TNKQ c dng chnh thc thng c cng b dng lm ti liu tham kho hoc hun luyn. Trong thi TNKQ c cu d, cu kh, cu kh kh v chng o cc mc k nng khc nhau v mc thp nht l nh thng tin. Tc dng ca k thi i tr bng trc nghim tiu chun ha l nhng thng tin thu c qua vic phn tch, thng k ton b bi lm ca th sinh qua cc k thi. l nhng thng tin ht sc qu bu, gip cc nh gio dc nh gi v tnh hnh gio dc tng khu vc, tng cng ng, tng nhm th sinh v xu th pht trin ca cht lng gio dc theo thi gian.

15

Phn 2 TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN MN HO HC I. CU TO NGUYN T V NH LUT TUN HON 1.1. CU TAO NGUYN T Cu 1: Nguyn t gm: A) ht nhn mang in dng v lp v mang in m. B) cc ht proton v electron. C) cc ht proton v ntron. D) cc ht electron v ntron. E) tt c u ng. Cu 2: Trong nguyn t, ht khng mang in l: A) proton. C) ntron. E) B v C. B) electron. D) A v B. Cu 3: Chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn l cc ht A) proton. C) ntron. E) electron v ntron. B) electron. D) proton v electron. Cu 4: Khi lng nguyn t bng: A) tng s ht proton v tng s ht ntron. B) tng s ht proton, tng s ht ntron v tng s ht electron. C) tng khi lng ca cc ht proton v ntron. D) tng khi lng ca proton, ntron v electron c trong nguyn t. E) tng khi lng ca proton v electron. 35 Cl. Cu 5: Nguyn t ch c k hiu Nguyn t ca nguyn t ch c cu hnh
17

electron: 1 s22s22p63s23p5. in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca nguyn t clo l: A) 17. C) 35. E) tt c u sai. B) 18. D) 18+. Cu 6: Nguyn t ha hc gm tt c cc nguyn t c cng: A) khi lng nguyn t. D) in tch ht nhn. B) s electron. E) tt c u sai. C) s ntron.

16

Cu 7: Phng n no sau y cha chnh xc A) S hiu nguyn t bng tr s ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. B) S proton lun lun bng s ntron. C) S proton bng tr s in tch ht nhn. D) S proton bng s electron. Cu 8: Trong nguyn t, cc electron c sp xp theo cc lp v phn lp. Lp th ba c: A) 3 obitan. B) 3 electron. C) 3 phn lp. D) A, B, C u ng. E) A, B, C u sai.

Cu 9: ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v: A) khi lng nguyn t. B) s khi. Cu l0: Chn phng n ng. A) Cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn, c s khi nh nhau c gi l cc ng v. B) Vi mi nguyn t, s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t l c nh, song c th khc nhau v s ntron, gi l hin tng ng v. C) Cc nguyn t c s khi nh nhau, song s proton ca ht nhn li khc nhau c gi l cc cht ng v. D) Cc ng v ca cng mt nguyn t th ging nhau v tt c cc tnh cht l, ha hc. Cu 11: Trong k hiu A) A l s khi. B) Z l s hiu nguyn t. C) X l k hiu nguyn t. D) Tt c u ng. Cu 12: Biu din s phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc nhau c gi l: A) phn lp electron. B) m my electron. C) phn mc nng lng. D) cu hnh electron. E) A, B, C, D u ng.
A Z

C) s ntron.

E) A v B u ng.

D) A, B, C u ng.

X th:

17

Cu 13: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca natri (Z = 11) l: A) 1s22s22p63s2. C) 1s22s22p23sl. E) tt c u sai. B) 1s22s22p63 s1. D) 1s22s22p63d1. Cu 14: Nguyn t ch c s hiu nguyn t l 17, s khi l 35 c k hiu l: 35 Cl A) 17 Cl E) A, B, C, D u Sai. 35 C) 17

B) Cl 1735

D) Cl 1735
106 46

Cu 15: S proton v s ntron trong ht nhn nguyn t palai

Pd l:

A) 106 proton, ntron. C) 60 proton, 46 ntron. B) 106 ntron, 46 proton. D) 46 proton, 60 ntron. Cu 16: Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 28. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t ca nguyn t l: A) 19. C) 28. E) 16. B) 18. D) 20. Cu 17: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R (Z = 7) c s electron lp ngoi cng l: A) 3. C) 5. E) 2. B) 4. D) 7. Cu 18: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A (Z = 25): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2 c s electron lp ngoi cng l: A) 5. C) 3. E) 2. B) 7. D) 4. Cu 19: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t brom (Z=35) l: A) 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p63d9. D) 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p5. B) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s24p5. E) 1s22s22p3s23p64s24p65s25p5. C) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5. Cu 20: Cho bit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau: X) 1s22s22p63s23p4, Y) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2, Z) 1s22s22p63s23p6. Nguyn t kim loi l: A) X. C) Z. E) Y v Z. B) Y. D) X v Y.

18

Cu 21: Vi hai ng v

12 6

C,

14 6

C vi 3 ng v

16 8

O,

17 8

O,

18 8

O c th to ra B aOnhiu

loi kh CO2 khc nhau: A) 6 loi. C) 10 loi. E) 18 loi. B) 9 loi. D) 12 loi. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X l: 1s22s22p63s23p6. X) C c im sau: A) X 18. C) X nhm VI. E) A, B u ng. B) X chu k 3. D) X l phi kim. Cu 23: Cho bit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau: X) 1s22s22p63s23p4, Y) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5, Z) 1s22s22p63s23p6. Phng n no sau y ng: A) X l kim loi, Y l phi kim, Z l kh him. B) X, Y l kim loi, Z l kh him. C) X, Y, Z l phi kim. D) X, Y l phi kim, Z l kh him. E) Tt c u sai. Cu 24: Tng s cc loi ht trong nguyn t mt nguyn t l 13, th s proton l: A) 7. C) 5. E) Kt qu khc. B) 6. D) 4. Cu 25: Chn phng n ng nht. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t trng c bn c s phn b electron lp ngoi cng vo cc obitan nh sau:

Cu 26: Anion A2- c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. vy cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A l: A) 1s22s22p6. C) 1s22s22p4 E) tt c u sai.
19

B) 1s22s22p5.

D) 1s22s22p63s2.

Cu 27: Chn phng n ng nht. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2, th ion to ra t X s c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l: A) 3d6. B) 3d5. C) 3p6. D) 3s2. E) A hoc B.

Cu 28: Chn phng n ng nht. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca mt ion l 2p6. Vy cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t to ra ion c th l: A) 1s22s22p5. B) 1s22s22p63s2. C) 1s22s22p4. D) 1s22s22p63sl. E) A, B, C, D u ng.

Cu 29: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t R (Z=24) l: A) 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. B) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1. C) 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2. Cu 30: Bit Mg c Z = 12, Al c Z = 13, K c Z = 19, th cu hnh electron ca cc COn Mg2+, Al3+, K+ s c cu hnh electron ca kh him no: A) Mg2+ ging Ne, Al3+ ging Ar, K+ ging Kr. B) Mg2+ ging Ne, Al3+ ging Ne, K+ ging Ar. C) Mg2+ v Al3+ ging Ar, K+ ging Ne. D) Mg2+ ging Ne, K+ ging Ne. E) tt c u sai. Cu 31: S electron c thn ca nguyn t ca nguyn t R (Z=24) l: A) 4. B) 6. C) 5. D) 2. E) 8. D) 1s22s22p63s23p64sl4p5. E) A, B, C, D u sai.

Cu 32: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t Cu (Z=29) l: A) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104sl. B) 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2. C) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s24p4. Cu 33: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cl- l: A) 1s22s22p6. B) 1s22s22p63s23p6. C) 1s22s22p63s23p5. D) 1s22s22p63sl3p6.
20

D) 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s24p2. E) A, B, C, D u sai.

E) A, B, C, D u sai.

1.2. INH LUT TUN HON Cu l: Chu k gm nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng: A) s electron. B) s electron lp ngoi cng. C) s ntron. Cu 2: Chn phng n ng. A) Chu k gm nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s electron. B) Chu k gm nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron. C) Chu k gm nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau. D) Nhm gm nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c s electron ho tr khng bng nhau. E) C A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 3: Chn phng n ng. S th t ca nhm A bng: A) s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm . B) s lp electron ca nguyn t. C) in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca nguyn t. D) tng s proton v s ngun. E) tng s s hiu nguyn t v s proton. Cu 4: Phng n no sau y khng chnh xc? A) Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau. B) Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm gn ging nhau. C) Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm A c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau. D) Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c s electron ho tr bng nhau. E) S electron ho tr ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm bng s th t ca nhm. * Cho 6 nguyn t Xl, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 c cu hnh electron nguyn t nh sau, suy ngh k tr li cc cu hi 5, 6, 7: D) s lp electron. E) A, B u ng.

21

Xl: 1s22s22p63s2 X2: 1s22s22p63s23p64sl

X3: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 X4: 1s22s22p63s23p5

X5: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 X6: 1s22s22p63s1

Cu 5: Dy cc nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k l: A) Xl, X4, X6 B) X2, X3, X5. C) Xl, X4. D) Xl, X2, X6. E) C A v B.

Cu 6: Dy cc nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm A l: A) X1, X3, X5. B) X2, X6. C) X1, X3. D) C B, C. E) Tt c u sai.

Cu 7: Dy cc nguyn t kim loi l: A) X1, X2, X3, X5, X6, B) X1, X2, X3 Cu 8: Chn phng n ng. Nguyn t M thuc chu k 4, nhm VA c cu hnh electron nguyn t l: A) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3 B) 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2. C) 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s24p4. Cu 9: Electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t ca nguyn t R l 3s23p4. Kt lun no sau y ng: A) R thuc chu k 3, nhm II A, l phi kim. B) R thuc chu k 3, nhm IV A, l kim loi. C) R thuc chu k 3, nhm VI A, l phi kim. D) R thuc chu k 3, nhm VI B, l phi kim. E) R thuc chu k 3, nhm VI A, l kim loi. Cu 10: Chn phng n ng. Nguyn t R thuc chu k 3, nhm VA, c cu hnh electron nguyn t l: A) 1s22s22p63sl3p4. B) 1s22s22p63s23p3. C) 1s22s22p63s23p23dl. D) 1s22s22p63s23d3. E) 1s22s22p63sl3d4. D) 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p5. E) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5. C) X2, X3, X5. D) Tt c u ng. E) Tt c u sai.

Cu 11 : Phng n no sau y khng ng: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X (Z =19) l: 1s22s22p63s23p64sl. X c c im :
22

A) X thuc chu k 4, nhm I A. B) S ntron ca X l 20. C) X l kim loi

D) X l nguyn t m u chu k 4. E) X l nguyn t kt thc chu k 3.

Cu 12: Chn phng n ng khi ni v nguyn t Z trong cc phng n sau :

PhngnchukNhmASelectronlpngoicngA)4III2 k A c A I B) III C) III D I E I B 3 I 3 C 3 I 1D)4IV3E)4IV2

Cu 13: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron l 18. S th t ca R l : A) 5. B) 6. C) 7. D) 8. E) 9.

Cu 14: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 4 nguyn t l:

9X: 11Y:

1s22s22p5 1s22s22p63sl

13Z: 8T:

1s22s22p63s23pl

1s22s22p4

Vy ion to ra t 4 nguyn t trn l : A) X1+, Y1-, Z1+, T4-. B) X1-, Y1+, Z3+, T2-. C) X2-, Y2-, Z2+, T4+. Cu 15: Kho st cc nguyn t trong cng mt chu k, kt lun no sau y khng hon ton ng: A) i t tri sang phi cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. B) Tt c cc nguyn t u c s lp electron bng nhau v s hiu nguyn t tng dn. C) M u tt c cc chu k bao gi cng l mt kim loi kim, cui l halogen v kt thc chu k l mt kh him. D) i t tri qua phi tnh kim loi gim dn, ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn. E) Bn knh nguyn t ni chung gim dn.
23

D) X3-, Y1-, Z2+, T4-. E) Tt c u sai.

Cu 16: Phng n no sau y khng chnh xc: A) Trong mi chu k, cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. B) Trong mi chu k, cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu khi lng nguyn t tng dn. C) Trong mi chu k, s eleClron lp ngoi cng tng t 1 n 8 theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t (tr chu k l). D) Trong mi chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn, ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn. E) Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn, ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn. Cu 17: Phng n no sau y khng chnh xc: A) Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t v n cht cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht to nn t cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. B) S n v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca bt k mt nguyn t no cng bng s th t ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon. C) Nng lng ion ho ca nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. D) Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t nhm A bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. E) m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A, ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t vi oxi, ho tr vi hiro ca cc phi kim bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. Cu 18: Chn phng n ng nht : A) Tt c cc chu k u l mt dy cc nguyn t, c m u l kim loi kim, Cui l halogen, kt thc l mt kh him. B) Cc nguyn t trong mi chu k c s lp electron khc nhau. C) Trong mi chu k, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu khi lng nguyn t tng dn. D) Trong mi chu k, cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn. E) Trong mi chu k, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t gim dn t kim loi kim n kh him.
24

Cu 19: Chn phng n ng: Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, c quy lut bin thin tun hon l: A) tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn, ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn. B) bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t gim dn. C) m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t tng dn. D) s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn. E) tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng tng dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng gim dn. Cu 20: Phng n no sau y khng chnh xc: Trong tt c cc chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, c cc quy lut bin thin tun hon l: A) ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t vi oxi tng ln lt t 1 n 8. B) s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn t 1 n 8. C) tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn, ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn. D) tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn. E) cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t. Cu 21: Chn phng n ng: A) Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ni chung gim dn. B) Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t gim dn. C) Nguyn t ca tt c cc nguyn t trong nhm VI A ch c kh nng thu thm electron. D) Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ni chung tng dn. E) Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t bng nhau do c cng s lp electron. Cu 22: Phng n no sau y khng ng: A) Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t thng tng dn.
25

B) m in ca mt nguyn t cng ln th tnh phi kim ca n cng mnh. C) m in ca mt nguyn t cng nh th tnh kim loi ca n cng mnh. D) Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t tng dn. E) C A, B, C u ng. Cu 23: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi, ho tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t vi oxi tng ln lt t 1 n 7. B) Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi, ho tr cao nht i vi oxi tng ln lt t 1 n 8, cn ho tr vi hiro gim t 7 n 1. C) Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi, ho tr vi hiro ca cc phi kim gim t 4 n 1. D) C A, C u ng. E) Trong mi nhm, i t trn xung di, ho t i vi oxi tng dn. Cu 24: Chn phng n ng. A) Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi, tnh kim loi yu dn nn tnh hiroxit gim dn. B) Trong mi chu k, i t tri sang phi, tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng tng dn ng thi tnh axit ca chng gim dn. C) Trong mt nhm A i t trn xung di tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn. D) Trong mi chu k, i t tri sang phi, tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn. Cu 25: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong mt nhm A, i t trn xung th A) tnh baz tng dn, ng thi tnh axit gim dn. B) tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit gim dn, tnh axit tng dn. C) tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng tng dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng gim dn. D) s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn. E) tt c u sai. Cu 26: Phng n no sau y khng ng: Trong mi chu k, i t tri sang phi, th:
26

A) tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn, ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn. B) bn knh nguyn t tng dn. C) m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t tng dn. D) ho tr cao nht i vi oxi tng ln lt t 1 n 7 cn ho tr vi hiro ca cc phi kim gim t 4 n 1. E) tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn. Cu 27: Phng n no sau y khng ng: Trong mt nhm A, i t trn xung di, th: A) tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn, ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn. B) bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t tng dn. C) m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t tng dn. D) tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng tng dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chung gim dn. Cu 28: Tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t: Na, Mg, Al, Si gim dn theo dy no sau y ? A) Na > Mg > Al > Si. B) Na > Si > Al > Mg. C) Si > Al > Na > Mg. Cu 29: Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t: C, N, O, F c xp tng dn theo dy: A) C < N < O < F. B) C < F < O < N. C) F < O < N < C. Cu 30: Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t: F, Cl, Br, I c xp gim dn theo dy: A) F > CI > Br > I. B) I > Br > CI > F. C) CI > Br > I > F. Cu 31: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t Al, Si, P, S. Cl c xp gim dn theo dy: A) rCl> rS > rP > rSi > rAl B) rCl > rAl > rSi > rS > rP. C) rAl > rSi > rP > rS > rCl.
27

D) Si > Al > Mg >Na. E) Al > Si > Na > Mg.

D) O < C < N < F. E) N < O < F < C.

D) CI > T > Br > I. E) Br > CI > I > F.

D) rAl > rCl > rs > rp > rs;, E) rCl > rSi > rAl > rS > rP.

Cu 32: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t Mg, Ca, Ba c xp tng dn theo dy: A) rMg < rBa < rCa C) rCa < rBa < rMg E) rMg < rCa < rBa B) rBa < rMg < rCa D) rBa < rCa < rMg Cu 33: m in ca cc nguyn t B, C, N, O c xp gim dn theo dy (Gi l m in): A) B > C > N > O C) O > N > C > B E) N > O > C > B B) B > N > O > C D) O > B > N> C Cu 34: m in ca cc nguyn t F, Cl, Br, I c xp tng dn theo dy: A) F > Cl > Br > I C) I > Br > Cl > F E) I > F > Br > Cl B) F > I > Cl > Br D) Br > Cl > F> I Cc nguyn t S, P, S, Cl c : A) ha tr cao nht ln ll l 4, 5, 6, 7 trong hp cht vi oxi. B) ho tr ln lt l 1, 2, 3, 4 trong hp cht vi oxi. C) ho tr ln ll l 1, 2, 3, 4 trong hp cht vi hiro. D) ho tr ln ll l 4, 3, 2, 1 trong hp cht vi hiro. E) c A v D u ng. Cu 36: Tnh baz ca cc hiroxit: NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 c xp tng dn theo dy no sau y ? A) NaOH < KOH < Mg(OH)2 < AI(OH)3 D) AI(OH)3 < Mg(OH)2 < NaOH < KOH. B) Mg(OH)2 < NaOH < KOH < AI(OH)3 E) KOH < NaOH < Mg(OH)2< AI(OH)3 C) Al(OH)3 < Mg(OH)2 <KOH < NaOH. Cu 37: Tnh axit ca cc oxit: SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7 c xp tng dn theo dy no sau y ? A) SiO2 < P2O5 < SO3 < Cl2O7 D) Cl2O7 < SO3 < P2O5 < SiO2 B) SiO2 < Cl2O7 < P2O5 < SO3 E) SO3 < P2O5 < Cl2O7 < SiO2 C) Cl2O7 < SiO2 < P2O5 < SO3 Cu 38: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R thuc chu k 3, nhm IV c cu hnh electron l: A) 1s22s22p63d4. D) 1s22s22p63s2d2. B) 1s22s22p63s23p4. E) 1s22s22p63sl3p3. C) 1s22s22p63s23p2.

28

Cu 39: Nguyn t X thuc chu k 4, nhm IB. trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X l: A) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1. B) 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2. C) 1s22s22p63s23p63d94sl4pl. Cu 40: Chn phng n ng nht. Cc halogen thuc nhm VII A nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c: A) 7 electron lp ngoi cng. B) 7 electron ho tr. C) 7 lp electron. Cu 41: S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t Al l 13, cu hnh electron ca Al l: A) 1s22s22p63s23pl. B) 1s22s22p6. C) 1s22s22p63p6. Cu 42: Trong cc phn ng ha hc, bin thnh cation, nguyn t natri : A) nhn thm 1 proton. B) nhn thm 1 electron. C) nhng i 1 electron. Cu 43: C cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6. l cu hnh electron ca: A) nguyn t. B) cation. C) anion. D) A, hoc B, hoc C. D) nhng i 1 proton. E) mt phng n khc. D) 1s22s22p63s2. E) 1s22s22p63s23p6. D) 7 phn lp electron. E) C A, B. D) 1s22s22p63s23p63d84s24pl. E) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s24p4.

Cu 44: Ion X2+ c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6. V tr ca nguyn t X trong h thng tun hon l: A) chu k 2, nhm II A. B) chu k 2, nhm IV A. C) chu k 2, nhm VI A. Cu 45: Ba nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng tng ng l 3sl, 3s23pl, 3s23p5. Pht biu no sau y sai: A) A, M, X ln lt cc th 11, 13, 17 trong bng h thng tun hon. B) A, M, X u thuc chu k 3. C) A, M, X thuc nhm IA, IIA, VIA.
29

D) chu k 3, nhm II A. E) chu k 2, nhm VIII A.

D) Ch c X c s oxi ho cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi l +7. E) Ch c X tc dng trc tip vi oxi cho oxit c cng thc X2O7. Cu 46: Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3 trong bng h thng tun hon. Y to hp cht kh vi hiro. Cng thc oxit cao nht ca Y l YO3. Mt khc Y to hp cht vi nguyn t M c cng thc MY2, trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Vy M l : A) Mg (M = 24). C) Fe (M = 56). E) C A, B, C, D u sai. B) Zn (M = 65). D) Cu (M = 64). Cu 47: Chn phng n ng nht. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t 23 X l 1s22s22p63sl vy nguyn t X
11

c c im: A) X thuc chu k 3, nhm I A. B) s ntron trong ht nhn nguyn t l 12. C) X l kim loi c tnh kh mnh. D) X l nguyn t m u cho chu k 3. C A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 48: Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron nguyn t l 1s22s22p3. Cng thc hp cht vi hiro v cng thc oxit cao nht l: A) XH2, XO. C) XH4, XO2. E) XH5, X2O5. B) XH3, X2O3. D) XH3, X2O5. Cu 49: Nguyn t X to hp cht vi kh vi hiro c cng thc XH3. Trong oxit cao nht ca X, lng oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Vy X l: A) nit. C) lu hunh. E) silic. B) photpho. D) cacbon. Cu 50: Bit s hiu nguyn t ca Cu l 29. Chn phng n ng nht trong cc phng n sau. A) Cu thuc chu k 3, nhm I B. D) C B v C. B) Cu thuc chu k 4, nhm I B. E) C A v C. C) Cu l kim loi.

30

II. PHI KIM 2.1. NHM HALOGEN (NHM VII A) Cu l: Chn phng n ng nht. Cc nguyn t trong nhm halogen c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: A) 3s23p5. B) 2s22p5. C) 4s24p5. D) ns2np5. E) 5s25p5.

Cu 2: chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc hp cht, Clo c th c cc s oxi ho l.: A) - 1, 0, +2, +3, +5. B) -1, 0, + 1, +2, +7. C) 1, +l, +3, +5, +7. Cu 3: Trong cc kh sau : F2, O3, N2, Cl2 ; cht kh C mu vng lc l : A) F2 B) O3 C) N2 D) O2 E) Cl2 D) 0, -1, -3, - 5, - 7. E) -1, 0, +l, + 2, +3, + 4, +5.

Cu 4: Trong cc cht sau: O2, N2, Cl2, CO2 ; cht thng dng dit khun v ty mu l: A) O2 B) N2 C) Cl2 D) CO2 E) khng c cht no.

Cu 5: Trong cc halogen sau: F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 ; halogen phn ng vi nc mnh nht l : A) Cl2 B) Br2 C) F2 D) I2 E) khng phn bit c.

Cu 6: Sc mt lng kh clo va vo dung dcch cha hn hp NaI v NaBr v un nng, cht kh bay ra l : A) Cl2, Br2 B) I2 C) Br2 D) Cl2 E) I2, Br2

Cu 7 : Chn phng n ng nht. Nc Javen c iu ch bng cch: A) cho clo tc dng vi nc. B) cho clo tc dng vi Ca(OH)2 v un nng. C) cho clo sc vo dung dch KOH v un nng. D) cho clo sc vo dung dch NaOH nhit thng. E) cho clo sc vo dung dch NaOH nhit thng. Cu 8: Trong cc cht: Cl2, I2, NaOH, Br2 ; cht dng nhn bit h tinh bt l: A) Cl2 B) I2 C) NaOH.
31

D) Br2

E) mt cht khc.

Cu 9: Trong cc cht: N0, Cl2, O2 ; cht khng duy tr s chy l : A) N2 B) Cl2 C) O2 D) N2 v Cl2 E) tt c u ng.

Cu 10 : Mui bc halogenua khng tan trong nc l : A) AgCl. B) AgI C) AgBr. D) AgF. E) c A,B,C.

Cu 11 : Chn phng n sai: A) Clo oxi ho trc tip c hu ht cc kim loi cho mui clorua. B) Clo phn ng c vi nc v dung dch baz. C) Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca ch l tnh oxi ho mnh. D) C th iu ch c cc hp cht ca clo, trong s oxi ho ca clo l: - 1 + 1, +3, +5, +7. E) Clo chy trong oxi to ra Cl2O7 Cu 12 : Chn phng n ng nht. Tnh oxi ho ca cc halogen gim dn theo th t no sau y ? A) Cl2 > Br2 > I2 > F2 B) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2 Cu 13 : Chn phng n sai: A) Tnh kh ca cc hiro halogenua tng dn t HI n HF. B) Tnh kh ca cc hiro halogenua tng dn t HF n HI. C) Cc hiro halogenua khi tan trong nc to thnh cc dung dch axit. D) Tnh axit ca cc halogen hiric tng dn t HF n HI. E) Cc hiro halogenua u c. Cu 14 : Dy cc axit c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh axit l: A) H2SO4 < H3PO4 < H2SO4 < HClO4. B) H3PO4 < H2SO3 < H2SO4 < HClO4. C) H3PO4 < H2SO4 < HClO4 < H2SO3. D) HClO4 < H2SO3 < H3PO4 < H2SO4 E) Tt c u sai. Cu 15 : S oxi ho ca clo trong cc cht: HCl, KClO3, HClO, HClO2, HClO4 ln lt l : A) +1, +5, -1, +3, +7. B) -1, +5, +1, -3, -7. D) -1, +5, +1, +3, +7. E) kt qu khc.
32

C) Br2 > F2 > I2 > Cl2 D) Cl2 > F2 > I2 > Br2

E) I2 > Br2 > Cl2 >F2

C) -1, 5, -1, -3, -7. Cu 16: Thuc th duy nht c th dng phn bit c c 3 l axit: HCl, HNO3 v H2SO4 c l: A) AgNO3 B) NaOH. C) qu tm. D) Cu. E) phenolphtalein. Cu 17 : T cc cht MNO2, KClO3, H2SO4, HCl, NaBr, Na c th ch c s lng cc kh v hi l : A) 5. B) 4. C) 6. D) 3. E) 7. Cu 18: Cho hn hp cc kh N2, Cl2, SO2, CO2, H2 sc t t qua dung dch NaOH d, ngi ta thu c hn hp kh c thnh phn l: A) Cl2, N2, H2 C) N2, Cl2, CO2 E) N2, H2 B) Cl2, H2 D) N2, Cl2, CO2, H2, Cu 19 : Trong dy cc axit ca clo: HCl, HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 ; s oxi ho ca ch ln lt l : A) - 1, + 1, +2, +3, +4. D) - 1, + 1, +2, +3, +7. B) -1, +l, +3, +5, +7. E) -1, 0, +l, +2, +3. C) -1, +2, +3, +4, +5. Cu 20 : Bit rng tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t F2 > O2 > Cl2 > N2, trong cc phn t sau, phn t no c lin kt phn cc mnh nht ? A) F2O. B) Cl2O. C) ClF. D) NCl3, E) NF3, Cu 21 : Phn ng no khng th xy ra gia cc cp cht sau ? A) KNO3 v Na2SO4, D) Cu v H2SO4 c, nng. B) BaCl2 v Na2SO4, E) Na v nc. C) MgCl2 v NaOH. Cu 22 : C cc dung dch ring bit sau : NaNO3, MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, Al(NO3)3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4. Mt ho cht duy nht c th dng phn bit c tt c cc dung dch trn l: A) NaOH. B) KOH. C) Mg(OH)2, D) Ba(OH)2, E) Be(OH)2, Cu 23 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng iu ch ch sau y, phn ng c th dng iu ch ch trong phng th nghim l : p A) 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2,
m.n.x

B) MNO2 + 4HCl

MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.

33

C) 2KMNO4 + 16HCl D) 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 E) C A, B, C, D.

2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O. 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O.

Cu 24: C 3 dung dch NaOH, HCl v H2SO4 long. Thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dung dch trn l: A) Zn. B) Al. C) BaCO3 D) Na2CO3 E) qu tm.

Cu 25: Phn ng no khng th xy ra gia cc cp cht sau ? A) KNO3 v NaCl. B) Ba(NO3)2 v Na2SO4, C) MgCl2 v NaOH. Cu 26: Thuc th c trng nhn bit ion halogenua trong dung dch l : A) AgNO3 B) Ba(OH)2 C) NaOH. D) Fe. E) Ba(NO3)2 D) AgNO3 v NaCl. E) Cu(NO3)2 v NaOH.

Cu 27: Phng n no c 2 cp cht u phn ng c vi nhau ? A) MgCl2 v NaOH ; CuSO4 v NaOH. B) CuSO4 v BaCl2 ; Cu(NO3)2 v NaOH. C) CuSO4 v Na2CO3 ; BaCl2 v CuSO4. D) AgNO3 v BaCl2 ; BaCl2 v Na2CO3 E) Tt c u ng. Cu 28: Hn hp kh no sau y tn ti trong mi iu kin : A) H2, Cl2, B) O2, H2, C) H2, I2, D) H2, N2, E) O2, Cl2,

Cu 29: chn phng n sai: A) Clo l mt phi kim in hnh. B) Clo d dng phn ng vi kim loi. C) Nguyn t do c 7 electron lp ngoi cng nn rt d thu mt electron tr thnh mui Cl- c cu hnh electron ging kh him agon. D) Clo l cht oxi ho mnh. E) Clo va l cht oxi ho mnh va l cht kh mnh. Cu 30: Chn phng n ng nht. Cht va tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va tc dng vi dung dch HCl l: A) Zn(OH)2, CuO. B) Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3 C) ZNO. D) Al2O3
34

E) c B, C, D.

Cu 31 : cht khng c tnh ty mu l : A) SO2 B) dung dch clo. C) A v B. Cu 32: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc oxit sau: CuO, SO2, CaO, P2O5, FeO, Na2O ; Dy cc oxit phn ng c vi axit HCl l: A) CuO, P2O5, Na2O. B) CuO, CaO, SO2, C) SO2, FeO, Na2O, CaO. Cu 33: chn phng n ng nht. Axit HCl c th phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y ? A) Cu, CuO, Ba(OH)2, AgNO3, CO2, B) NO, AgNO3, CaO, qu tm, Zn. C) Qu tm, Ba(OH)2, CaO, CO. D) AgNO3, CaO, Ba(OH)2, Zn, Qu tm. E) Qu tm, CuO, NO, AgNO3 Cu 34: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc axit sau, axit phn ng c vi Zn to thnh mui v kh H2 l: A) HCl v H2SO4 (m c), B) HNO3 (long) v H2SO4 (long), C) HCl (long) v H2SO4 (long), Cu 35: Trong cc cp ho cht sau, cp ho cht c th phn ng c vi nhau l: A) NaCl v KNO3 B) Na2S v HCl. C) BaCl2 v HNO3 D) CuS v HCI. E) Tt c cc cp. D) HNO3 (m c), E) HCl v HNO3, D) FeO, CuO, CaO, Na2O. E) FeO, P2O5, CaO, Na2O. D) dung dch Ca(OH)2 E) c A, B, D.

Cu 36 : Chn phng n ng nht. Ion CO 32 khng phn ng vi cc ion trong dy no sau y ? A) NH +4 , Ba2+, HCl-. B) Na+, Mg2+, NH +4 , H3O+. C) H+, K+, Na+, Ca2+.
35

D) NH +4 , K+, Na+, Cl-. . E) A, B, C, D u ng.

Cu 37 : Chn phng n ng nht. Nhng cht rn khan tan c trong dung dch HCl to ra cht kh l: A) FeS, CaCO3. Na2CO3 B) FeS, MgCO3, K2CO3 C) FeS, KCl. Cu 38: Cho 2 kh vi t l th tch l 1 : 1 ra ngoi nh sng mt tri th c hin tng n. Hai kh l : A) N2, H2, B) H2, O2, C) H2, Cl2. D) H2, CO2, E) H2S, Cl2, D) FeS, K2SO3, KNO3 E) c A, B u ng.

Cu 39: Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc phn ng sau: X + HCl Y + H2 Z + KOH dung dch G +. . .

Y + NaOH va Z Vy kim loi X c thm: A) Zn. B) Al. C) Fe.

Dung dch G + HCl va Z

D) Zn, Al.

E) kim loi khc.

Cu 40: Sc ht mt lng kh ch vo dung dch NaBr v NaI v un nng, ta thu c 1,17 gam NaCl. S mol hn hp NaBr v NaI phn ng l: A) 0,10. B) 0,15. C) 1,50. D) 0,02. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 41 : Vi bi nh Cu 40, s mol clo phn ng l : A) 0,010. B) 0,020. C) 0,025. D) 0,015. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 42 : Vi bi nh Cu 40. Kh bay ra l: A) Cl2, Br2, B) Br2, C) I2, D) 12 v Br2, E) I2, Br2 v Cl2,

Cu 43 : Cho 12,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ho tr (II) khng i tc dng vi dung dch HCl to ra 0,2 mol H2. Hai kim loi l : A) Ba, Cu. B) Mg, Fe. C) Mg, Zn. D) Fe, Zn. E) Ba, Fe.

Cu 44 : Ho tan hn hp 2 mui ACO3 v BCO3 trong dung dch HCl va to ra 0,2 mol kh. a) S mol HCl phn ng l : A) 0,20. B) 0,10. C) 0,15. D) 0,40. E) kt qu khc.

B) S mol hn hp 2 mui phn ng l : A) 0,20. C) 0,25.

36

E) kt qu khc.

B) 0,15. D) 0,40. Cu 45: Ho tan 1,53 gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 448 ml kh (ktc). C cn hn hp sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng l (gam): A) 2,95. C) 2,24. E) kt qu khc. B) 3,90. D) 1,85. Cu 46: Nng mol/lt ca dung dch hnh thnh khi ngi ta trn ln 200 ml dung dch HCl 2M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 4M l : A) 3,0. C) 5,0. E) kt qu khc. B) 3,5. D) 6,0. Cu 47: ho tan ht hn hp Zn v ZNO phi dng 100,8 ml dung dch HCl 36,5% (D = 1,19 g/ml) thu c 0,4 mol kh. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca hn hp Zn v ZNO ban u ln lt l (gam) : A) 61,6 v 38,4. C) 45,0 v 55,0. E) kt qu khc. B) 50,0 v 50,0. D) 40,0 v 60,0. Cu 48: Cho 10 gam dung dch HCl tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 th thu c 14,35 gam kt ta. Nng (C%) ca dung dch HCl tham gia phn ng l : A) 35,0. B) 50,0. C)15,O. D) 36,5. E) kt qu khc. 3 tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 20% (D=l,2 g/ml). Cu 49: Cho 50 gam CaCO Khi lng dung dch HCl dng l (gam): A) 180,0. B) 100,0 C) 182,5. D) 55,0. E) kt qu khc. 2.2. NHM OXI (NHM VIA) Cu 1 : Tm phng n sai: A) Oxi l kh duy tr s sng. C) Oxi t tan trong nc. B) Oxi l kh duy tr s chy. D) Oxi nh hn khng kh. E) Oxi chim gn 1/5 th tch khng kh, l kh khng mu, khng mi. Cu 2 : Chn phng n ng nht. iu ch, oxi trong phng th nghim, ngi ta c th dng phn ng no trong cc phn ng sau ? t0 A) 2KCIO3 MnO2, t0

37

2KCI + 3O2,

D) 2NaNO3

2NaNO2 + O2

t0

B) 2KMNO4 C) 2H2O

K2MNO4 + MNO2 + O2, 2H2 + O2,

E) C A, B, c, D.

Cu 3 : Chn phng n ng nht. thu kh oxi trong phng th nghim, c th dng cch no trong cc cch sau? A) Ri ch khng kh v nga bnh. D) C A v B B) Ri ch nc. E) Tt c u sai. C) Ri ch khng kh v p bnh. Cu 4 : nhn bit c c 3 l kh ring bit CO2, SO2, O2, C th dng: A) dung dch brom. B) dung dch Ca(OH)2. C) Cnh hoa mu . D) dung dch brom v mu than hng. E) dung dch nc brom v cnh hoa mu . Cu 5 : Thuc th duy nht nhn bit hiro sunfua, axit sunfuhiric v mui ca n l: A) Pb(NO3)2, C) BaCl2, E) tt c u ng. B) Fe. D) Ba(OH)2, Cu 6 : Chn phng n ng nht. Thuc th thng dng nhn bit axit H2SO4 v mui sunfat l: A) NaOH. C) Ba(OH)2, E) C hoc D. B) Cu. D) BaCl2, Cu 7 : Chn phng n sai: A) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch NaOH d to ra mui trung ho Na2SO3. B) sc kh SO2 vo dung dch Na2CO3 d gii phng ra kh CO2,. C) SO2 va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho. D) SO2 lm mt mu nc brom. E) SO2 tan trong nc to thnh dung dch va c tnh axit mnh va c tnh kh mnh. Cu 8 : Khng c rt nc vo H2SO4 c v l do no sau y ? A) H2SO4 c tnh oxi ho mnh s oxi ho nc to ra oxi. B) H2SO4 tan trong nc v phn ng vi nc.
38

C) H2SO4 c khi tan trong nc to ra mt lng nhit ln gy ra hin tng nc si bn ra ngoi, rt nguy him. D) H2SO4 c c kh nng bay hi. E) H2SO4 c rt kh tan trong nc. Cu 9 : Chn phng n ng nht. Oxi c iu ch bng cch no trong cc cch sau y ? A) Nhit phn KClO3 c MNO2 lm xc tc. B) in phn nc. C) Nhit phn mt s oxit nh : HgO, Ag2O D) Nhit phn mui nitrat. E) A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 10: Oxi v Ozon l 2 dng th hnh v : A) chng c to ra t cng mt nguyn t v cng l n cht. B) v O2 v O3 c cng thc phn t khng ging nhau. C) O2 v O3 c cu to khc nhau. D) O3 c khi lng phn t ln hn O2 E) tt c u ng. Cu 11 : Chn phng n sai : A) H2SO4 c, nng c tnh oxi ho mnh. B) H2SO4 c tnh axit mnh hn H2SO3 C) H2SO4 oxi ho nhiu phi kim. D) H2SO4 long phn ng vi Zn gii phng H2 E) H2SO4 c C tnh oxi ho mnh, ngay c khi ngui cng oxi ha st thnh hp cht st (III). Cu 12 : Phng trnh phn ng no sai trong cc phng trnh phn ng sau ? A) H2S + 4Br2 + 4H4O 8 HBr + H2SO4. B) CuS + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2S . C) Fe + H2SO4 long FeSO4 + H2. D) H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl. E) Cu + 2 H2SO4 c
nng

CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O.

39

Cu 13 : Chn phng n sai: A) Trong nhm VIA, t oxi n tu tnh kim loi tng dn, ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn. B) O2 c tnh oxi ho mnh hn O3. C) Oxi oxi ho c hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt.. . ) v phi kim (tr halogen). D) Oxi duy tr s chy v s sng. E) Trong nhm VI A, oxi l nguyn t c m in ln nht. Cu 14 : S oxi ho ca lu hunh trong cc hp cht H2S, S, SO2, SO3, H2SO3, H2SO4 ln lt l : A) - 2. 0, + 4, - 6, + 4, + 6. B) -, 0, - 4, + 6, + 4, - 6. C) - 2, 0, + 4, + 6, + 4, + 6. Cu 15 : Chn phng n ng nht. Loi b SO2 ra khi hn hp SO2 v CO2 ta dng cch no trong cc cch sau ? A) Cho hn hp kh qua dung dch Na2CO3 va . B) Cho hn hp kh qua dung dch nc brom d. C) Cho hn hp kh qua nc vi trong. D) Cho hn hp kh qua dung dch NaOH. E) C A, B. Cu 16 : Chn phng n ng nht. Cc ion trong dy no sau y khng tn ti trong mt dung dch ? A) Mg2+, OH-, Cu2+, NO3-. B) Ca2+, SO4-, OH -, Ba2+. C) Cu2+, NO3-, Mg2+, Cl -. D) Ca2+, NO3-, Cl-, K+. E) C A v B. D) + 2, 0, + 4, + 6, - 4, + 6. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 17 : nhn bit oxi, ch dng mt ha cht duy nht l: A) mu than cn nng . B) kim loi. Cu 18 : Chn phng n sai: A) HCl phn ng vi AgNO3 to ra kt ta trng. B) BaCl2 phn ng vi Na2SO4 to ra kt ta trng. C) SO3 phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH.
40

C) phi kim. D) dung dch KI.

E) tt c u sai.

D) SO2 phn ng vi dung dch Na2CO3 thy c kh thot ra. E) V c tnh oxi ha, nn SO2 c th oxi ha ion clorua trong HCl thnh clo. Cu 19 : Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc oxit axit v cc axit : N2O5, NO2, SO2, SO3, O2O7, P2O5, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4, HNO2, H3PO4, H2SO3. Cc cp oxit v axit tng ng l: A) SO3 v H2SO4. B) SO2 v H2SO3, D) NO2 v HNO3, HNO2 ; P2O5 v H3PO4,. E) tt c u ng.

C) Cl2O7 v HClO4 ; N2O5 v HNO., Cu 20 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc cht sau: H2S, SO2, C2H4, C2H6, CO2, SO3, cht lm mt mu nc brom l : A) H2S. B) SO2. C) C2H4. D) SO3. E) c A, B, C.

Cu 21: SO2 v CO2 khc nhau v tnh cht no sau y ? A) Tnh oxi ho - kh. B) Tnh axit. C) Tnh tan trong nc. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht. Cp cht no sau y l th hnh ca nhau ? A) H2O, D2O. B) O2, O3. D) FeO, Fe2O3. E) c B, c. D) S ho lng. E) Tt c u ng.

C) lu hunh t phng v lu hunh n t. Cu 23: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc cht sau, cht khng phn ng vi oxi mi iu kin l., A) Cl2. B) N2. C) I2. D) CO2. E) C A, C, D.

Cu 24: Cho FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl, kh bay ra l : A) H2S. B) Cl2. C) SO2. D) H2.

Cu 25: Cho t t Na2CO3 vo dung dch H2SO4d. Phng trnh ion rt gn l: A) CO 32 + 2H+ H2CO3. B) CO 32 + H+ HCO 3 . C) HCO 3 + H+ H2O + CO2.
41

D) CO 32 + 2H+ H2O + CO2. E) 2Na+ + SO 4 Na2SO4.

Cu 26: Chn phng n ng nht. Nhng cht c th lm kh kh SO2 l.: A) H2SO4 (c). B) P2O5. C) CaO. D) KOHrn. E) c A,B.

Cu 27 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng c th xy ra l: A) CuO + H2 Cu + H2O. B) SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3. C) SO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + H2O. Cu 28 : Thuc th duy nht phn bit c 3 dung dch H2SO4 (c), Ba(OH)2, HNO3 l : A) Cu. B) SO2. C) qu tm. D) BaCl2. E) tt c u ng. D) H2S + 2NaOH Na2S + 2H2O. E) c A, B, C, D.

Cu 29: Cng thc cu to ca CO2 l: A) O = C = O. B) O = C O. C) O - C - O. D) C - O = O. E) O C O.

Cu 30 : Dy cc cht no sau y u l oxit axit ? A) CO2, SO3, Na2O, NO2, B) CO2, SO2, H2O, P2O5, CaO. C) SO2, P2O5, CO2, N2O5, D) H2O, SO2, CO2, P2O5, CaO.

Cu 31 : Dy cc cht no sau y u l oxit baz ? A) CuO, NO, MgO, CaO. B) CaO, CaO, MgO, K2O. Cu 32: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc dy oxit sau, dy cc oxit u phn ng vi NaOH l: A) CO2, CaO, CaO, BaO. C) Na2O, SO2, CO, SO3, C) CaO, K2O, Na2O, CO. D) Al2O3, CO, MgO, Na2O.

B) ZNO, P2O5, CO2, MgO. D) P2O5, CO2, SO2, SiO2. Cu 33: Trong cc o xt sau: Na2O, CaO, SO2, SO2, C bao nhiu cp oxit phn ng vi nhau ? A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5. E) 1.

Cu 34: Chn phng n ng nht. Dung dch KOH c th phn ng dc vt tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y? A) CO2, SO2, CuSO4, H3PO4..
42

D) C A, B.

B) Qu tm, CO2. C) NaOH, qu tm. Cu 35 : Hiro trong t nhin c cc ng v

E) Tt c u sai. Ca(OH)2, CO2, SO2.

1 1 16

O;

H; 21 H; 31 H; v oxi c cc ng v

17 8

O;

18 8

O; Tng s cc loi phn t nc c th to ra l:

A) 12. B) 6. C) 4. D) 18. E) kt qu khc. Cu 36: Chn phng n ng nht. iu kin thng hn hp kh no sau y c th tn ti ? A) SO2, O2. C) N2, O2. E) c A, B, C, D. B) Cl2, O2. D) H2S, CO2. Cu 37: Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc dung dch ring bit b mt nhn: Na2CO3, Na2SO4, BaCl2, HCl. Khng dng thm ha cht khc, c th nhn bit c cc cht trong dy no sau y ? A) Na2CO3, Na2SO4, BaCl2. D) HCl, BaCl2, Na2SO4. 2CO3, BaCl2. B) Na E) Tt c cc cht trn. 2, Na2SO4. C) BaCl Cu 38 : Phng trnh phn ng no sau y sai ? A) Fe + H2SO4 c ngui FeSO4 + H2 B) Cu + 2H2SO4 c ngui CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O. t , xt C) 2SO2 + O2 2SO3.
0

D) 2Al + 6H2SO4 c nng Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O. E) S + 2H2SO4 c 3SO2 + 2H2O. Cu 39 : loi Mg ra khi hn hp Mg, Fe c th dng: A) H2SO4 long. D) HCllong B) H2SO4 c ngui E) HNO3 long. C) H2SO4 c ngui Cu 40 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc kh sau, kh no c th c lm kh bng H2SO4 c ? A) SO2 C) CO2 E) CO2, NO2, B) H2S. D) NH3

43

Cu 41: t chy ht 8 gam n cht M cn 5,6 lt O2 (ktc). Cht M l : A) cacbon. B) lu hunh. C) natri. D) silic. E) photpho.

Cu 42: Cho 0,8 gam hn hp Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 0,5M gii phng ra 0,448 lt kh A (ktc). a) Kh A l: A) SO2, B) H2S. C) H2 D) O2 E) c SO2 v H2

b) Khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l (gam): A) 2,72. B) 2,76. C) 5,7. D) 5,6. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 43: Cho 4 gam Cu tc dng va ht vi axil H2SO4 c, nng. Khi lng mui khan thu c l (gam): A) 3,375. B) 10,125. C) 10,000. D) 4,250. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 44: Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ti thiu hp th ht 5,6 lit SO2 (ktc) l (ml): A) 250. B) 500. C) 275. D) 125. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 45: Cho 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui trung ho. Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M tiu tn l (lt): A) 0,5. B) 1,0. C) 2,0. D) 1,5. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 46: Cho 52,3 gam hn hp A (gm Mg, Fe, Zn) vo dung dch H2SO4 long, d to ra 22,4 lt H2(ktc). Khi lng mui sunfat khan thu c l (gam): A) 96,0. B) 148,3. C)150,3. D)146,3. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 47: t chy hon ton 6,8 gam mt hp cht A ch thu c 12,8 gam SO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A t: A) NaHS. B) H2S. C) NaHSO4. D) NaHSO3 E) H2S2

Cu 48: Ho tan hon ton 14 gam kim loi ho tr (II) vo dung dch H2SO4 long, to ra 5,6 lt H2(ktc): KIM loi l : A) Fe. B) Cu. C) Zn. D) Be. E) mt kim loi khc.

Cu 49: Cho 5,0 gam hn hp A gm cacbon v lu hunh vo bnh kn. Bm khng kh vo bnh n p sut 1,5 atm 250C. Bt tia la in t chy ht A, ri a bnh v nhit 250C. p sut trong bnh lc l (atm): A) 1,5. B) 2,5. C) 2,0.
44

D) 4,0.

E) khng xc nh c.

2.3. NHM NIT (NHM VA) Cu 1 : iu no sau y sai khi ni v nit ? A) L mt kh khng mu, khng mi, nh hn khng kh. B) Khng duy tr s chy v s h hp. C) Hot ng ho hc mnh, nht l nhit cao. D) c iu ch bng cch chng phn on khng kh lng. E) Rt t tan trong nc. Cu 2 : Khi nhit phn NaNO3 thu c: A) Na, O2, N2 B) NaNO2, O2 C) Na2O, N2, D) NO2, O2 E) Na2O, NO2, O2

Cu 3 : Chn phng n ng nht. Axit HCl, HNO3 u phn ng vi: A) NaOH. B) Na2CO3 C) CaO. D) Ag. E) C A,B,C.

Cu 4 : Chn phng n ng. Axit HNO3 l mt axit: A) c tnh kh mnh. B) c tnh oxi ho mnh. C) c tnh axit yu. Cu 5 : Cht kh (hi) no sau y khng b hp th bi dung dch NaOH c: A) NO2, B) H2S. C) H2O (hi). D) Cl2 E) NH3 D) c tnh oxi ho mnh v tnh axit mnh. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 6 : chn phng n ng. Axit H3PO4 l mt axit : A) c tnh axit yu. B) c tnh axit trung bnh. C) c tnh oxi ho mnh. Cu 7 : Cht no sau y c th c dng lm kh kh NH3 ?. A) H2SO4 c. B) AgNO3 khan C) CuSO4 khan D) NaOH khan (hoc KOH khan) E) AlCl3 khan D) c tnh kh mnh. E) c tnh axit yu v tnh kh mnh.

45

Cu 8: Chn phng n ng nht. Khi ho tan kh NH3 vo nc, ta c dung dch, ngoi nc cn cha: A) NH4OH. B) NH3 C) NH +4 v OHD) A v B. E) c B v C.

Cu 9 : Cho Cu tc dng vi HNO3 c th sn phm kh bay ra l: A) N2 B) NH3 C) H2 D) NO. E) NO2

Cu 10 : Chn phng n ng nht. Nhng cp cht no sau y khng c kh nng xy ra phn ng ? A) SO2 v N2 B) SO2 v O3 C) N2 v O2 D) Cl2 v O2 E) C A, D.

Cu 11 : Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng no sau y th hin tnh t oxi ho - kh ca NO2 ? A) 3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO. B) 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O. C) 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 HNO3 D) 2NO2 E) c A v B. Cu 12 : iu no sai khi ni v NH3: A) Trong phn t NH3 c 3 lin kt cng ho tr phn cc N H. B) NH3 tan rt nhiu trong nc. C) NH3 tc dng vi axit to mui amoni. D) NH3 l cht kh mnh. E) NH3 va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh. Cu 13 : Amoniac l cht kh, d tan trong nc v nguyn nhn no sau y A) NH3 phn ng vi nc to thnh NH4OH. B) NH3 to c lin kt hung bn vi nc. C) Khi lng phn t ca NH3 nh. D) NH3 l cht c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc. E) NH3 l mt baz yu. N2O4

46

Cu 14: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng no sau y l th dng iu ch nit ? A) NH4CI + NaNO2 N2 + B) NH4NO2 N2 +...E) C A, B, C. C) NaN3 N2 +. Cu 15 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no vit sai sn phm phn ng ? A) NaNO3 NaNO2 + NO2 + O2 B) Mg(NO3)2 MgNO2 + O2 C) Cu(NO3)2 CaO + NO2 + O2 Cu l6 : Phn ng no th hin sai tnh cht ho hc ca NH3 ? A) NH3 + H+ NH +4 . B) NH3 + H2S NH4HS. C) 2NH3 + 3CuO 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O. D) 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + HCl. E) 2NH3 + 2H2O + Na2CO3 (NH4)2CO3 + 2NaOH. Cu 17: lm kh kh H2S, c th dng cht no trong cc cht sau ? A) P2O5 B) CaO. C) H2SO4c. D) NH3 E) CuSO4 khan
t0

D) A v B.

D) AgNO3 Ag + NO2 + O2 E) c A v B.

Cu 18: Cho cc l ng cc dung dch axit ring bit lu : HNO3 c, H2SO4c, HCl c v H3PO4, c th nhn bit c l axit no ch da vo s quan st ? A) HNO3 c B) H2SO4 c C) HCl c Cu 19: Chn phng n ng nht. Cht no sau y khng phn ng vi H3PO4: A) K. B) Cu. C) NaOH. D) CaCl2 E) c B, D. D) H3PO4 v HCl c E) Khng nhn c l no.

Cu 20 : Chn phng n sai: A) Tt c cc mui nitrat u tan trong nc v l nhng nhng cht in li mnh. B) a s cc mui Clorua tan c trong nc tr mt s Clorua ca Ag(I), Cu(II), Pb (II), Hg (I) hu nh khng tan.
47

C) Ch c mui sunfat ca kim loi kim v amoni tan, cn li khng tan. D) BaSO4 khng tan trong nc v axit. Cu 21 : Chn phng n ng. Dy cht no sau y m cc cht trong dy khng phi l dng th hnh ca nhau ? A) O2 v O3 B) Ptrng v P C) S n t v S t phng Cu 22 : Chn phng n ng nht. Cho hn hp cc cht rn gm: P, Na, Cu, C, Fe vo H2SO4 c, nng. Cht phn ng vi H2SO4 c, nng l : A) P. B) Cu. C) P, Fe D) Fe E) tt c u phn ng. D) Fe3O4 v FeO. E) Than ch v kim cng.

Cu 23 : S oxi ho ca nit trong cc cht : HNO3, N2O, N2O3, N2O5, NH4NO2 ln lt l: A) -5, +l, +3, +5, +4. B) +5, +l, +3, +5, -3. C) +l, 5, +3, +5, +3, -3. C24 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc dy hp cht sau dy cc hp cht khng tan trong nc l : A) AgF, AgCl, Ag3PO4, B) BaSO4, BaCl2, Ba3(PO4)2 C) AgCl, BaSO4, Ca3(PO4)2 Cu 25 : Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no khng xy ra ? A) Cu + 2H2SO4 (c, nng) CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O. B) PbS + H2SO4 (long) PbSO4 + H2S C) 4Mg + 5H2SO4 (c, ngui) 4MgSO4 + H2S + 4H2O. D) 3Cu + 8HCl + 8KNO3 3Cu (NO3)2 + 2NO + 8KCl + 4H2O. E) 6HNO3 + S H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O. Cu 26 : Hn hp kh no sau y tn ti mi iu kin ? A) NH3, HCl. B) NH3, Cl2 C) O3, HCl. D) H2S, HCl.
48

D) +5, +l, +3, +5, -3, +3. E) tt c u sai.

D) Ba3(PO4)2, Ag3PO4 E) c C, D.

E) C A, B, C.

Cu 27 : Chn phng n ng. Dy cc dung dch mui khng phn ng vi dung dch NH3 l : A) Cu(NO3)2, FeCl3 B) FeCl3, Al(NO3)3 C) ZnSO4, AlCl3 D) KCl, NaNO3 E) AgNO3, MgCl2

Cu 28 : Nhng cp cht no sau y khng phi oxit - axit tng ng ? A) NO2 v HNO3 B) SO2 v H2SO4 C) N2O5 v HNO3 D) P2O5 v H3PO4 E) Cl2O7 v HClO4

Cu 29 : chn phng n ng nht. A) NO2 l oxit axit tng ng ca 2 axit : HNO3, HNO2 B) NO2 l kh mu nu . C) NO2 tc dng vi nc v tc dng vi dung dch baz. D) NO2 va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 30 : Chn phng n ng nht. Bin php no sau y c s dng trong qu trnh sn xut NH3 ? A) Tng p sut ca phn ng. B) Thc hin nhit hp l v dng cht xc tc. C) Tn dng nhit ca phn ng sy nng hn hp kh N2 v H2 vo sau. D) Thc hin chu trnh kn. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 31: Tm cu sai khi ni v nhm VA: A) Trong nhm VA, nit c m in ln nht. B) Theo chiu t trn xung di tnh phi kim gim dn. C) Theo chiu t trn xung tnh kim loi tng dn. D) Cng thc chung ca oxit cao nht l R2O5, hp cht hirua l RH3 E) Tt c cc oxit ca chng u va th hin tnh axit, va th hin tnh baz. Cu 32: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm VA c dng tng qut l: A) 1s22s2p3 B) 1s22s22p63s23p5 C) 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p3
49

D) 1s22s22p5 E) 1s22s2. . . ns2np3

Cu 33 : Chn phng n khng dng iu ch nit trong phng th nghim: A) Nhit phn mui NH4NO2. B) Thu nh bng cch di ch nc. C) Thu nh bng cch ri ch khng kh, p bnh. D) Thu nh bng cch ri ch khng kh, nga bnh. E) Nhit phn hn hp NH4Cl V NaNO2. Cu 34: C 3 dung dch: (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, Na2SO4. Chn mt trong s ha cht sau phn bit c c 3 dung dch trn : A) Ba(OH)2 B) BaCl2 C) NaOH. D) Ca(OH)2 E) ho cht khc.

Cu 35 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trn ln dung dch NH3 1M vi dung dch H2SO4 1M theo t l no v th tch th to ra mui axit ? A) l:l. B) l: 2. C) 2:l. D) 3:l. E) A V B.

Cu 36 : Chn phng n ng nht: A) Phn m cha cht dinh dng cho cy dng ion NO 3 . B) Phn m cha cht dinh dng cho cy dng ton NH +4 hoc NO 3 C) Phn ln cha P di dng PO 34 hoc HP 24 . D) Phn khu cha km di dng K+. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 37 : Chn phng n ng nht. nhn bit H2SO4 c ln trong dung dch HNO3 c th dng mt ho cht no trong s ho cht sau ? A) Ba(NO3)2 B) Ba(OH)2 C) BaCl2 D) Pb(NO3)2 E) Tt c A, B, C, D.

Cu 38 : Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc dy oxit sau, dy oxit no u phn ng vi dung dch NaOH ? A) CO2, SO2, SO, Al2O3 B) N2O5, ZNO, SiO2 C) NO2, P2O5, CaO, BaO. D) A V B. E) c A, B, C.

50

Cu 39 : Trn 3 lt O2 vi 2 lt NO (cng iu kin). Gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton th hn hp sau phn ng c th tch l (lt): A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D)5. E)7.

Cu 40 : Cho 3,2 gam Cu phn ng vi HNO3 c, d gii phng ra mt th tch NO2 (ktc) l (lt): A) 1,12. B) 2,24. C) 3,36. D) 4,48. E) mt kt qu khc.

Cu 41 : Nu xem ton b qu trnh iu ch HNO3 c hiu sut 80% th t 1 mol NH3 s thu c mt lng HNO3 l (gam). A) 63,00. B) 78,75. C) 50,40. D) 33,60. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 42 : Cho 9,6 gam mt kim loi M tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Vy M l : A) Zn. B) Fe. C) Mg. D) Cu. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 43 : So snh th tch kh NO thot ra (ktc) 2 th nghim sau: Th nghim 1 (N 1) : Cho 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 200 ml HNO3 1 M. TN 2: Cho 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 200 ml HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Ta c : A) TN 1 > TN 2. B) TN 2 > TN 1. C) TN 1 = TN 2. D) TN 1 = 2TN 2. E) khng xc nh c.

Cu 44: Ho tan 5,4 gam Al trong HNO3 long thu c hn hp kh NO, N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 16,75. T l th tch kh NO v N2O trong hn hp l: A) 3: 1. B) 3:3. C) 4:3. D) 9:3. E) l:3.

Cu 45: Cho 5,6 lt NO2 (ktc) sc vo dung dch NaOH d. Sau phn ng khi lng mui thu c l (gam): A) 19,25. B) 20,25. C) 38,25. D) 40,25. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 46: Cho 3,65 gam HCl vo 1 lt dung dch AgNO3 0,5M. Khi lng mui khan thu c l (gam): A) 71,75. B) 14,35. C) 35,875. D) 28,7. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 47: Cho 2,94 gam H3PO4 trong dung dch vo 3 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M th: A) dung dch NaOH d sau phn ng. B) dung dch H3PO4 d sau phn ng. C) phn ng va to ra mui trung ho.
51

D) phn ng to ra mui axit v H3PO4 d. E) tt c u sai. Cu 48 : Nhit phn hon ton 1,88 gam Cu(NO3)2, sn phm thu c sau phn ng l: A) Cu, NO2, O2 B) CaO, NO2, O2 C) Cu, N2O, O2 D) Cu, NO2 E) Cu, NO2, N2

Cu 49: Vi bi Cu 48, th tch hn hp kh sau phn ng thu c (ktc) l (lt): A) 0,224. B) 0,336. C) 0,560. D) 0,112. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 50 : T 6,2 gam photpho iu ch dung dch H3PO4 0,5M. Nu hiu sut c qu trnh l 80% th th tch dung dch H3PO4 thu c l (lt): A) 0,301. B) 0,302. C) 0,064. D) 0,400. III. CC LOI PHN NG HO HC 3.1. PHN NG OXI HO KH, PHN NG THUN NGHCH Cu 1 : Chn phng n ng nht. S oxi ho l: A) ho tr ca nguyn t. B) s electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t trong phn t. C) in tch ca nguyn t trong phn t nu gi nh rng cc cp electron chung chuyn hn v nguyn t c m in ln hn. D) s electron trao i trong phn ng oxi ho - kh. E) s in tch ca cc ion trong phn t c lin kt ion. Cu 2: Chn phng n ng nht. Cht kh l: A) cht c kh nng cho proton. B) cht tch hiro trong phn ng. C) cht thay i s oxi ho. D) cht cho electron. E) cht c s oxi ho gim sau phn ng.
52

E) kt qu khc.

Cu 3: Chn phng n ng nht. Cht oxi ho l: A) cht nhn electron. B) cht kt hp vi kim loi v hiro trong phn ng. C) cht thay i s oxi ho. D) cht c kh nng nhn proton. E) cht c s oxi ho tng sau phn ng. Cu 4: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l: A) phn ng ho hc xy r gia cht oxi ho v cht kh. B) phn ng ho hc trong nguyn t hoc ion ny nhng electron cho nguyn t hoc ion khc. C) phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca mt s nguyn t. D) phn ng ho hc trong c s chuyn electron gia cc cht phn ng. E) tt c u ng. Cu 5: Trong cc cht sau: Mn, MnCl2, MNO2, KMNO4, s oxi ho ca Mn n lt l: A) 0, + 2, + 4, + 7. B) 0, + 1, + 2, + 6. C) + 2, 0, + 4, + 7. D) + 4, + 6, + 2, + 3. E) 0, + 2, + 5, + 7.

Cu 6: iu khng nh no sau y khng hon ton ng: A) S oxi ho ca nguyn t cc n cht bng khng. i vi cc ion n nguyn t, s oxi ho bng in tch ca ion . B) S oxi ho ca nguyn t l mt gi tr khng thay i. C) Trong mt phn t, tng s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong phn t bng 0. D) S oxi ho ca oxi lun bng - 2, ca hiro lun bng +l. E) B V D. Cu 7: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phng trnh phn ng sau, phn ng no l phn ng oxi ho - kh ? A) Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 B) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O. C) 3Mg + 4H2SO4 3MgSO4 + S + H2O.
53

D) 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O. E) A, C, D. * Cho cc phn ng ho hc sau, c k tr li cc cu hi 8, 9: 1) 3H2S + 4HClO3 4HCl + 3H2SO4 2) 16HCl () + 2KMNO4 2KCI + 2MnCl2 +8H2O + 5Cl2 3) 8Fe + 30HNO3 8Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O. 4) Cu + 2H2SO4 () CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O. 5) MNO2 + 4HCl () MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. Cu 8: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng trn, dy cc cht kh l : A) H2S, HCl (), Fe, Cu. B) H2S, KMNO4, Fe, Cu, HCl (). Cu 9: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng trn,, dy cc cht oxi ho l : A) HClO3, HCl c, HNO3, H2SO4 B) H2S, KMNO4, HNO3, H2SO4, MNO2 C) HClO3, Fe, Cu, HNO3, MNO2 D) HClO3, KMNO4, HNO3, H2SO4, MNO2 E) HClO3, MnCl2, N2O, Cu, HCl c. Cu 10: Chn phng n ng nht: A) Phn ng gia kim loi hoc phi kim vi oxi l phn ng oxi ho - kh. B) Hu ht cc phn ng gia axit v baz khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh C) Trong phn ng oxi ho - kh qu trnh kh v qu trnh oxi ho lun din ra ng thi. D) Phn ng oxi ho - kh c th xy ra khi cc cht tham gia trng thi rn, lng hoc kh. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 11: Cho cc phn ng sau: l) 2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 2) S + O2 SO2 3) (NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O.
54
t0 t0

C) H2S, Cl2, Fe(NO3)3, H2SO4, MNO2 D) H2SO4, MnCl2, Fe, Cu.

4) 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O. 5) 3Cu + 3HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O. 6) 2KMNO4 K2MNO4 + MNO2 + O2 Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng oxi ho - kh ni phn t l : A) 1, 3. B) 1, 2, 4, 5. C) 3, 5, 6. D) 1, 3, 6. E) tt c cc phn ng trn.
t0

Cu 12: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc cht v ion sau: Zn, S, Fe2+, Cu2+, Cl-, F2, Cl2, SO2, NH3. Dy cc cht v ion c kh nng th hin tnh oxi ho l: A) Cu2+, F2, Cl2, Zn, NH3 B) S, Fe2+, Cu2+, F2, Cl2, SO2 C) S, Fe2+, F2, Cl2, Cl-, SO2, NH3 Cu 13: Chn phng n ng nht. Cp cht v ion no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ? A) Fe v Cu2+. B) Ag v Zn2+. C)Cl2 V Br-. D) I2 v ClE) c B v D. D) S, F2, Fe2+. E) Cu2+, Cl2, F2,

Cu 14: Tnh kh ca cc kim loi Al, Mg, Ag, Fe, Cu, Zn c xp tng dn theo dy no sau y ? A) Al < Mg < Fe < Zn < Cu < Ag. B) Ag < Cu < Fe < Zn < Al < Mg. C) Cu < Ag < Fe < Al < Zn < Mg. Cu 15: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no l phn ng oxi ho - kh ? A) 4FeS2 + 1lO2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 B) C12H22Oll + 24H2SO4 () 12CO2 + 35H2O + 24SO2 C) 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O. D) 2NaI + Br2 2NaBr + I2 E) Tt c A, B, C, D. Cu 16: Hn hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ? A) O2 v Cl2 C) H2S v SO2
55

D) Mg < Al < Zn < Fe < Cu < Ag. E) Ag < Cu < Zn < Mg < Al < Fe.

E) Cu v AgNO3

B) HBr v Cl2

D) SiO2 v HF.

Cu 17: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc cht v ion sau: NO 3 , Fe2+, NO2, Fe3+, S, Cl2, O2, SO2, dy cc cht v ion va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh l : A) NO 3 , S, O2, SO2 B) NO 3 , S, Fe3+, Cl2 C) Fe2+, S, NO2, Cl2, SO2 Cu 18: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh. A) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 B) (NH4)2CO3 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + 2NH3 + 2H2O. C) K2SO3 + 2HCl 2KCl + SO2 + H2O. D) NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3 E) Tt c cc phn ng trn. Cu 19: Chn phng n ng nht. S oxi ho ca clo trong cc hp cht., HCl, HClO, NaClO2, KClO3, HClO4 c xp theo chiu tng dn trong dy no sau y ? A) HClO4 < KClO3 < NaClO2 < HClO < HCl. B) HCl < HClO < NaClO2 < KClO3 < HClO4 C) HCl < NaClO2 < KClO3 < HClO < HClO4, D) HClO < NaClO2 < KClO3 < HClO4 < HCl. E) KClO3 < HClO4 < NaClO2 < HCl < HClO. Cu 20: Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh ? A) Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O. B) SO2 + 2Mg S + 2MgO. C) Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O. D) Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 2NaNO3 + BaSO4 E) 2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2 Cu 21: Cho qu trnh bin i sau:
t0 t0

D) Fe2+, SO2 E) SO2, NO 3 , NO2, Cl2, Fe2+.

56

Chn phng n ng nht. Trong qu trnh trn :

+6 +5

A) n = 2, m = 4, A l S .
+6

D) n = 2, m = 4, A l S .
+6

B) n = m = 2, A l S .
+6

E) n = 2, m = 3, A l S .

C) n = 3, m = 4, A l S . Cu 22: Cho phn ng oxi ho - kh sau: 2KMNO4 + 10FeSO4 + 8H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 8H2O. Nhn xt no sau y khng ng ? A) Cht oxi ho l : KMNO4 B) Qu trnh oxi ho l: Mn+7 + 5e Mn+2. C) Cht kh l FeSO4 D) Axit H2SO4 khng tham gia vo qu trnh kh v qu trnh oxi ho m ch ng vai tr l mi trng. E) S oxi ho ca mangan trong KMNO4 l +7. Cu 23: Cho cc phn ng sau: 1) 2H2SO4 () + C CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O. 2) H2S + Cl2 S + 2HCl. 3) 16HCl () + 2KMNO4 5Cl2 + 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O. 4) 5Na2SO4 + 2KMNO4 + 3H2SO4 5Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 +3H2O. Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng trn : A) cc axit u l cht kh. B) cc axit u l cht oxi ho. C) cc axit ch ng vai tr mi trng. D) axit H2SO4 c trong phn ng (1) l cht oxi ho, axit H2SO4 trong phn ng (4) l mi trng, H2S v HCl l cht kh. E) H2SO4 l cht oxi ho, HCl v H2S l cht kh. Cu 24: Gc clorua th hin tnh kh trong phn ng no sau y ? A) 2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2 B) 2FeCl3 + Cu CuCl2 + 2FeCl2
57
t0

C) MNO2 + 4HCI MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O. D) NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3 E) BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl. Cu 25: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng thun nghch l : A) phn ng ho hc xy ra theo hai chiu ngc nhau trong cng iu kin. B) phn ng ho hc xy ra theo hai chiu nh nhau mi iu kin. C) phn ng xy ra theo chiu to thnh sn phm v sau cng li tr thnh cht ban u. D) phn ng biu th bng phng trnh vi hai mi tn ngc chiu. E) phn ng xy ra khng hon ton. Cu 26: Cho phn ng sau:

Nhn xt no sau y khng ng ? cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu to thnh SO3 cn : A) tng nng oxi. B) dng cht xc tc V2O5 v tng nhit . C) tng p sut. D) gim nhit ca phn ng. E) tng nng ca SO2. Cu 27: Cho phn ng sau: 2H2 (k) + O2 (k) 2H2O (hi) ; H0 = - 287, 28 kJ/mol

Chn phng n ng nht. Khi tng nhit th : A) cn bng chuyn dch v pha to thnh H2O. B) cn bng chuyn dch v pha to thnh H2O trong mi trng hp. C) cn bng chuyn di theo chiu thu nhit (chiu nghch). D) khng nh hng n chuyn dch cn bng ca phn ng. E) phn ng din ra chm hn.

58

Cu 28: Cho cc phn ng sau: 1) H2 (k) + Br2 (k) 2) 2NO (k) + O2 (k) 3) 2SO2(k) + O2 (k) 2HBr (k) 2NO2 (k) 2SO3 (k) 4) N2O4 (k) 2NO2 (k) 2NO (k) 2NH3 (k)

5) N2 (k) + O2 (k) 6) N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)

Chn phng n ng nht. Khi tng p sut, dy cc phn ng c cn bng chuyn dch v bn phi l: A) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6. B) 2, 3. C) 2, 3, 4, 6. D) 2, 3, 6. E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Cu 29: Khi ho tan SO2 vo nc c cn bng sau: SO2 + 2H2O H3O+ + HSO 3 Cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi: A) thm H2SO4 long B) thm NaOH. C) thm Br2 D) thm HCl. 2NH3 (k) ; H0 = - 92,82 kJ/mol. E) A v D.

Cu 30: Cho phn ng sau: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) Chn phng n sai. A) y l phn ng thun nghch.

B) Khi gim nhit , cn bng ca phn ng chuyn di theo chiu thun. C) Phn ng to nhit. D) Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng p sut ca hn hp kh. E) Phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cu 31: Chn phng n ng. Cn bng ho hc l : A) trng thi m nng ca cht tham gia phn ng bng nng ca cht to thnh. B) trng thi m phn ng thun v phn ng nghch dng li. C) trng thi ca hn hp cc cht phn ng khi tc ca phn ng thun bng tc ca phn ng nghch. D) trng thi ca hn hp cc cht phn ng d thay i nng khi thay i iu kin nhit , p sut. E) trng thi m h phn ng khng c s bin i no c.

59

Cu 32: Cho phn ng: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)

2NH3 (k) ; H0 = - 92,82 kJ/mol.

cn bng chuyn dch v pha to thnh NH3 cn : A) gim nhit ca phn ng. B) gim p sut ca h phn ng. C) dng xc tc tng tc ca phn ng. D) tng nng ca H2 hoc N2 E) A v D. Cu 33: Xt phn ng thun nghch: H2(k) + I2 (hi) Cn bng ca phn ng ph thuc vo : A) nhit ca phn ng. B) p sut ca h phn ng. D) A v C. E) A, B, C. 2HI (k) ; H0 = -l0,5kJ/mol.

C) nng ca cht tham gia phn ng v sn phm to thnh. Cu 34: Cho phn ng sau: 2NO(k) +O2 (k) tng tc phn ng thun cn: A) tng p sut. B) gim nng ca NO. C) gim nng ca O2. Cu 35: xt phn ng: H2 (k) + Br2 (hi) 2HBr (k) ; H0 = - 97,44 Kjlmol. Ban u nng ca H2 v hi brom ln lt l: 1,5 mol/1t v 1 mol/1t. Khi t ti cn bng c ti 90% Br2 phn ng. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng l: A) 0,034. B) 30. C) 54. D) 900. 2SO3 (k), tng ng E) kt qu khc. D) tng nng ca NO2, E) c A, B, C. 2NO2 (k); H0 = -113,8 Kj/mol.

Cu 36: Nng ca SO2 v O2 trong h: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

l 4 mol/lt v 2 mol/1t. Khi t ti cn bng c 80% SO2 phn ng. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng l: A) 10. B) 0,025. C) 32. D) 25. 2NO2 (k) E) 40.

Cu 37: Cho phn ng : 2NO (k) + O2 (k)

Khi tng nng ca cc cht ln 3 ln th tc phn ng thun v tc phn ng nghch ln lt tng tn l : A) 3 ln. C) 27 ln v 9 ln.
60

E) khng tng.

B) 9 v 3 ln.

D) 9 v 1 8 ln. 2SO3 (k). trng thi cn bng nng

Cu 38: Xt phn ng 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

SO2 l 0,2 mol/1t, nng oxi l 0,1 mol/1t, nng SO3 l 1,8 mol/1t. Khi nn th tch hn hp gim xung 3 ln cn bng ho hc s chuyn dch v pha: A) chiu nghch. B) chiu thun. C) khng nh hng n cn bng ho hc. D) chiu thun, sau n chiu nghch. Cu 39: Ho tan hon ton mt oxit kim loi bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4c, nng thu c 2,24 lt kh SO2 (ktc) v 120 gam mui. Cng thc ca oxit kim loi l: A) Al2O3 B) Fe2O3 C) Fe3O4 D) CaO. E) p s khc.

Cu 40: Ho tan hon ton 1,805 gam mt hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi M c ho tr n duy nht bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,064 gam kh H2, cn khi ho tan 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dung dch HNO3 long, d th thu c 0,896 l kh NO duy nht ( ktc). Kim loi M l: A) Cu. B) Cr. C) Mn. D) Ai. E) Zn.

3.2. PHN NG AXIT - BAZ, PHN NG TRAO I ION: Cu l: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng axit - baz l: A) phn ng gia mt axit v mt baz. B) phn ng ho hc trong c s cho v nhn electron. C) phn ng ho hc trong c s cho v nhn proton. D) phn ng khng c s thay i s oxi ho ca nguyn t. E) phn ng to nhit. Cu 2: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng axit - baz xy ra trong trng hp: A) dung dch axit tc dng vi oxit baz. B) dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch axit. C) dung dch axit tc dng vi baz khng tan. D) dung dch baz v oxit axit.
61

E) tt c cc trng hp trn. Cu 3: Cho cc phn ng sau: l) AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3, 2) HCl + KOH KCl + H2O. 5) NH3 + HCl NH4Cl. 6) SO3+ 2KOH K2SO4 + H2O.

3) H2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 CuSO4 + 2H2O. 7) 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl. 4) CaO + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O. Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng axit - baz l: A) (l), (5), (6), (7). B) (2), (3), (4), (5), (6). C) (2), (3), (5), (7). Cu 4: Cho cc phng trnh ion rt gn sau: l) H3O+ + OH - 2H2O. 2) Ag+ + Cl- AgCl. 3) 2H3O+ + Fe(OH)2 Fe2+ + 4H2O. 4) 2H3O+ + MgO Mg2+ + 3H2O. Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phng trnh ion rt gn trn, dy cc pllng trnh ion biu din phn ng axit - baz l: A) (l), (2), (3), (4), (6). B) (2), (3), (4), (5), (7). C) (2), (5), (6), (7). Cu 5: Cho cc phng trnh ion rt gn sau: 1) H3O+ + OH - 2H2O. 2) CaO + 2H2O+ Ca2+ + 3H2O. 3) NH4+ + CH3COO - NH3 + CH3COOH. Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc ion hay phn t c vai tr l baz trong cc phn ng trn l : A) OH -, CaO, NH4+ B) OH -, CaO, CH3COO C) H3O+, CaO, CH3COO62

D) (l), (2), (3), (6). E) tt c phn ng trn.

5) Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 6) Zn(OH)2 + 2OH - [ Zn(OH)4]27) Al(OH)3 + OH - [Al(OH)4]-

D) (l), (3), (4), (6), (7). E) tt c phng trnh trn.

D) OH -, H3O+, NH4+ E) H3O+, CaO, NH4+

Cu 6: Bit rng amoniac, hiroflorua v hiroselenua khi tan vo nc c phn ng vi nc nh sau: (1) NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH -. (2) HF + H2O H3O+ + F -. (3) H2Se + H2O H3O+ + HSe-. Chn p n ng nht. Dy cc cht ng vai tr axit trong cc phn ng trn l: A) NH3, HF, H2Se. B) HF, H2O (3). C) NH3, H2Se, H2O (2). Cu 7: Chn p n ng nht. Cho cc cht v ion sau: CO32-, HSO3-, HPO42-, Zn(OH)2, SO42-, K+, Na+, Al(OH)3, HCO3-, H2O. Dy cc cht v ion c tnh lng tnh l : A) HSO3-, Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, H2O, SO42-. B) CO32-, Zn(OH)2, H2O, HPO42-, HCO3C) Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, SO42-, HCO3D) Na+, HCO3-, H2O, HSO3-, K+. E) HSO3-, HPO42-, Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, H2O, HCO3-, Cu 8: Phng trnh phn ng no sau y khng ng ? A) HCO3- + H2O H2CO3 + OH -. D) Na+ + 2H2O NaOH + H3O+. E) Al(OH)3+3H3O+ Al3++ 6H2O. D) HF, H2Se, H2O (l). E) NH3, H2O (2) v (3).

B) HCO3- + OH - CO32- + H2O. C) HPO42- + H3O+ HPO4- + H2O.

Cu 9: Chn p n ng nht. Dung dch cha ion H3O+ phn ng vi dung dch cha cc ion hay vi cc cht rn trong dy no sau y ? A) OH -, CO32-, Na+, CaCO3 B) HCO3-, HSO3-, Cu(OH)2, FeO. C) Ca2+, CuO, Fe(OH)2, OH -, CO32-. Cu l0: Phn ng no sau y chng t Zn(OH)2 l mt axit ? A) Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O. B) Zn(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2
63

D) SO42-, Mg2+, NO3-, HPO42-. E) Fe2+, NH4+, Na2SO3, HCO3-,

C) 2NaOH + Zn(OH)2 Na2[ Zn(OH)4] D) H2SO4 + Zn(OH)2 ZnSO4 + 2H2O. E) A v D. Cu ll: Xt phn ng: 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2 H2O. Phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng trn l : A) 2H+ + 2Cl - + Mg2+ + 2OH - Mg2+ + 2Cl - +2H2O. B) 2H+ + Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2H2O -. C) H+ + OH - H2O. D) 2Cl - + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2OH -. E) Mg2+ + 2Cl- MgCl2 * Cho cc phn ng sau, c k nh li cc cu hi 12, 13: l) Cu(OH)2 + 2H+ Cu2+ + 2H2O. 2) 3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O. 3) CaO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O. 4) 2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 5) 2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 ) Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 PbSO4 + 2NaNO3 7) SO3 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O. 8) SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O. 9) CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl. 10) NaOH + HNO3 NaNO3 + H2O. Cu 12. Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng axit - baz l : A) (l), (2), (3), (7), (8), (10). B) (l), (3), (4), (6), (9), (10). C) (2), (5), (6), (8). Cu 13: Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng oxi ho - kh l: A) (2), (6), (7), (8). B) (3), (4), (5), (9), (10). D) (l), (2), (4), (5), (8). E) (2), (5), (8).
64

D) (l), (3), (4), (7), (10). E) (l), (4), (7), (9), (10).

C) (2), (5), (7), (8), (9). Cu 14: Chn phng n sai. A) Phn ng axit - baz v phn ng oxi ho - kh ging nhau ch l u c s cho v nhn proton. B) Trong phn ng axit - baz khng c nguyn t no thay i s oxi ho. C) Phn ng axit - baz l mt dng ca phn ng trao i ln. D) Tt c nhng phn ng no trong c s cho v nhn proton u l phn ng axit - baz. Cu 15: CuO c vai tr nh mt baz v: A) CuO l oxit baz. B) CuO tc dng c vi axit. C) khi tc ng vi axit, CuO nhn proton ca axit. D) trong phn ng vi axit, CuO c kh nng cho proton. E) A v B. Cu 16: Cho cc cht v ion sau: Al2O3, HSO4-, Mg(OH)2, ZnO, Na+, HS -, Mn(NO3)2, Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc cht v ion c th c phn ng axit - baz l: A) Al2O3, Mg(OH)2, ZnO, Na+ B) HSO4-, HS -, Mn(NO3)2, ZnO. C) Al2O3, Na+, HS -, Mn(NO3)2 Cu 17: Phng trnh no sau y chng t H2O l mt cht lng tnh: A) H2O + NH3 B) H2O + HCO3C) H2O + H2O NH4+ + OH -. H2CO3 + OH -. H3O+ + OH -. D) H2O + HPO4E) HSO4- + H2O HPO4 - + H3O+ SO42- + H3O+ D) Al2O3, HSO4-, Mg(OH)2, ZnO, HSE) tt c cc cht v ion trn.

Cu 18: chng minh Al(OH)3 l hp cht lng tnh, ngi ta cho Al(OH)3 tc dng vi: A) dung dch baz. B) dung dch axit. C) dung dch amoniac. D) A v B. E) c A, B v C.

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Cu 19: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau: l) HSO3- + H2O 2) HS- + H2O 3) NH3 + H2O H2SO3 + OH -. S2- + H3O+. NH4+ + OH -. 4) CO32- + H2O 5) HSO4- + H2O 6) HSO3- + H2O HCO3- + OH -. SO42- + H3O+. SO32- H3O+.

Chn phng n ng nht. Nc th hin tnh axit trong dy phn ng no sau y ? A) (l), (2), (3), (5). B) (2), (5), (6). C) (l), (3), (4), (5). D) (3), (4), (5), (6). E) (l), (3), (4).

Cu 20: Phn ng no sau y l phn ng axit - baz ? A) H2S + 3H2SO4 () 4SO2 + 4H2O. B) 3Fe(OH)2 + 1OHNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 8H2O. C) MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O. D) HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3. E) Tt C phn ng trn. Cu 21 : Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng trao i l: A) phn ng c s dch chuyn electron. B) phn ng trong c s thay i s oxi ho. C) phn ng ho hc trong hai hp cht trao i vi nhau cc thnh phn cu to nn chng. D) phn ng din ra gia cc ion. E) phn ng gia cc cht in li. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht. iu kin phn ng trao i ln trong dung dch xy ra l : A) cht tham gia phn ng phi tan. B) sn phm ca phn ng l cht in li yu hoc cht d bay hi hoc cht kt ta. C) cc cht tham gia phn ng in li hon ton thnh ion. D) phn ng khng c s thay i s oxi ho. Cu 23: Trn ln dung dch cc cht sau y: 1) KCl v AgNO3 5) BaCl2 v KOH.
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2) FeSO4 v NaOH. 3) K2CO3 V H2SO4 4) NaNO3 v CuSO4 Chn phng n ng nht.

6) Al2(SO4)3 V Ba(NO3)2 7) Na2S V HCl.

Dy cc trng hp phn ng xy ra l: A) (l), (2), (4), (6). B) (2), (3), (5), (6), (7). C) (l) (2), (3), (6), (7). Cu 24: C phng trnh ln rt gn: Mg2+ + 2OH - Mg(OH)2 Chn phng n ng nht. Phng trnh phn t ca phn ng l : A) MgSO4 + 2KOH Mg(OH)2 + K2SO4 B) MgCl2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl. C) Mg(NO3)2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(NO3)2 + Mg(OH)2 D) MgCl2 + Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 + CaCl2 E) c A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 25: Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc ion c th tn ti ng thi trong mt dung dch l: A) Na+, Cu2+, Cl -, OH -. B) K+, Fe2+, Cl -, SO42-. C) Ba2+, K+, Cl -, SO42-. Cu 26: Phng trnh phn ng no sau y sai ? A) (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O. B) KNO3 + NaOH KOH + NaNO3 C) 2AgNO3 + BaCl2 Ba(NO3)2 + 2AgCl. D) 2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 E) 3CaCl2 + 2Na3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl. Cu 27: Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc dung dch sau: Ba(NO3)2, Na2CO3, MgCl2, Na3PO4. Cc dung dch c th phn ng c vi nhau khi trn ln l: A) Ba(NO3)2 v Na2CO3
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D) (3), (4), (6), (7). E) (l), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7).

D) Pb2+, NO3-, SO42-, Mg2+. E) Ag+, Ca2+, CO32-, SO42-.

D) MgCl2 v Na3PO4

B) Na2CO3 v MgCl2 C) Ba(NO3)2 v Na3PO4 Cu 28 : Cho phng trnh phn ng sau:

E) tt c u ng.

Fe2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2 3BaSO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 Chn phng n ng nht. Phng trnh ion rt gn l : A) 2Fe3+ + 3SO42- + 3Ba2+ + 6OH - 3BaSO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 B) Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 C) Fe3+ + 3OH - Fe(OH)3 D) 2Fe3+ + 3Ba(OH)2 3Ba2+ + 2Fe(OH)3 E) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3Ba2+ 3BaSO4 + 2Fe3+. Cu 29: Chn phng n ng nht. C 5 dung dich: H2SO4, HCI, NaOH, KCI v BaCl2, ch dng thm qu tm lm thuc th c th nhn bit c cht no sau y ? A) NaOH, HCl. B) H2SO4, HCl, NaOH. C) NaOH, KCl v BaCl2 Cu 30: Trong 3 dung dch cha cc ion sau: Ba2+, Mg2+, Na+, CO32-, SO42-, NO3-, Mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Dy 3 dung dch mu l: A) MgCO3, Na2SO4, Ba(NO3)2 B) NaNO3 ; BaCO3, MgSO4 C) Ba(NO3)2, Na2CO3, MgSO4 Cu 31: Xt phn ng sau: BaSO3 + X = BaCl2 + Y + Z. Vy X, Y, Z ln lt l : A) HCl, SO2, H2O. B) NaCl, SO2, H2O. C) KCl, K2SO3, SO2 * Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau, c k tr li cc cu hi: 32, 33, 34. 1) Pb(NO3)2 + K2SO4 PbSO4 + 2KNO3
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D) H2SO4, NaOH, BaCl2 E) Tt c 5 dung dch trn.

D) Mg(NO3)2, BaCO3, Na2SO4 E) Mg(NO3)2, Na2CO3, BaSO4

D) HCl, SO3, H2O. E) NaCl, SO3

2) H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O. 3) 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O. 4) 2Fe(OH)2 + 4H2SO4 c Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 6H2O. 5) 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O. 6) AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl. 7) CuSO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2 8) Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O. 9) NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3 10) CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O. 11) 10FeSO4 + 2KMNO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O. 12) Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(NO3)2 3BaSO4 + 2Al(NO3)3 Cu 32 : Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng trao i ion l: A) (l), (2), (6), (7), (8), (10), (12). B) (l), (4), (6), (7), (9). C) (5), (6), (10), (12). Cu 33: Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng axit - baz l : A) (2), (8), (9). B) (2), (3), (4), (7), (l l). C) (2), (3), (4), (5), (7), (8), (10). Cu 34: Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng oxi ho - kh l: A) (3), (5), (9), (10), (11). B) (2), (3), (7), (11), (12). C) (4), (5), (9), (11). Cu 35: Dy cc ion no tn ti ng thi trong mt dung dch trong cc phng n sau? A) Na+, BaSO42-, Mg2+. B) Al3+, Cl -, K+, PO43-. C) Zn2+, S2-, Fe2+, NO3-.
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D) (2), (3), (5), (9), (12). E) (l), (2), (3), (3), (4), (12).

D) (4), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11). E) (l), (9), (l l), (12).

D) (2), (3), (5), (9), (10). E) (3), (4), (5), (II).

D) NH4+, SO42-, Ba2+, Cl -. E) Fe3+, Cl -, OH -, H+.

Cu 36: 10ml dung dch KOH vo 15ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M, dung dch vn d axit. Thm 3ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo th dung dch c trung ho: Vy nng mol/l ca dung dch KOH l: A) l,2M. B) O,6M. C) O,75M. D) O,9M. E) mt kt qu khc.

* Ho tan 80g CuSO4 vo mt lng nc va c 0,5 lt dung dch. c k tr li cu hi 37, 38. Cu 37: Th tch dung dch KOH 1M va lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ l (lt): A) 2. B) 1. C) 0,5. D) 1,5. E) mt kt qu khc.

Cu 38: Th tch dng dch BaCl2 0,5M va lm kt ta ht ion SO4 2- l (lt): A) 1. B) 0,5. C) 2. D) 2,5. E) 0,75.

* Cho 55g hn hp 2 mui Na2SO3 v Na2CO3 tc dng ht vi 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1M. c k tr li cu hi 39, 40. Cu 39: Khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u l : A) 10,6 gam Na2CO3 v 50,4 gam Na2SO3 B) 37,8 gam Na2SO3 v 21,2 gam Na2CO3 C) 42,4 gam Na2SO3 V 12,6 gam Na2CO3 D) 25,2 gam Na2SO3 v 29,5 gam Na2CO3 E) 42,4 gam Na2CO3 v 12,6 gam Na2SO3 Cu 40: Th tch hn hp kh bay ra (ktc) l (lt): A) 13,44. B) 8,96. C) 2,24. D) 1 1,2. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 41: Cho mt lng dung dch H2SO4 10% va tc dng ht vi 8g CuO. Nng (C %) ca dung dch mui thu c l: A) 14. B) 15,1. C) 20. D) 17,5. E) 10.

Cu 42: Trn ln 15 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 10 ml dung dch H2SO4 1,5 M. Dung dch thu c : A) trung ho. B) d kim. C) d axit. D) khng xc nh c v thiu d kin.

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Cu 43 : Trn ln 10 ml dung dch KOH O,2M vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M c dung dch D. Dung dch D c pH l: A) 2. B) 12. C) 7. D) 13. E) mt kt qu khc.

Cu 44: trung ho 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 cn va 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Nng mlnh ca dung dch axit H2SO4 l: A) 0,25 B) 0,5 C) 1 D) 0,125 E) mt kt qu khc.

Cu 45: Trn ln 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M th pH ca dung dch thu c l: A) 11. B) 2. C) 5. D) 7. E) 3.

IV. KHI NIM V INH LUT HO HC C BN Cu 1 : Chn phng n ng nht. Mol l lng cht cha 6,023.1023:. A) ht. B) ht vi m. C) phn t. D) nguyn t. E) ion.

Cu 2: Chn phng n ng nht. Pht biu no sau y l h qu ca nh lut Avogaro. A) cng mt iu kin v nhit , p sut, 1 mol ca mi cht kh u chim mt th tch nh nhau. B) iu kin tiu chun 1 mi ca mi cht kh u chim mt th tch l 22,4 lt. C) i vi 1 cht kh cho th tr s thnh phn % theo th tch bng tr s thnh phn % theo s mol. D) i vi 1 cht kh hay 1 hn hp kh cng iu kin v nhit , p sut th th tch t l thun vi s mol kh. E) Tt c A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 3: So snh s phn t c trong 1 lt kh CO2 v 1 lt kh SO2 cng iu kin nhit , p sut th: A) CO2 c s phn t nhiu hn. B) SO2 c s phn t nhiu hn.
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C) CO2 v SO2 c s phn t bng nhau. D) khng so snh c v thiu iu kin. E) tt c u sai. Cu 4: O2 v O3 l hai dng th hnh v: A) to ra t cng mt nguyn t v cng l n cht. B) O2 v O3 c cng thc phn t khng ging nhau. C) O2 v O3 c cu to khc nhau. D) O v O3 cng tn ti trng thi kh. E) tt c u ng. Cu 5: Hai nguyn t M v X c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l: 1s22s22p63sl v 1s22s22p63s23p5. Lin kt gia hai nguyn t M v X trong hp cht ca M vi X l: A) lin kt ion. B) lin kt cng ho tr c cc. C) lin kt cng ho tr khng c cc. Cu 6: Chn phng n ng. A) Nhm l tp hp cc nguyn t m nguyn t c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau v bng s th t ca nhm. B) Tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm bao gi cng ging nhau. C) Nguyn t ca tt c cc nguyn t trong cng nhm c s electron lp ngoi cng bng s th t ca nhm. D) Cc nguyn t s, d, f l kim loi cn nguyn t p l phi kim. E) Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm A c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau v bng s th t ca nhm. Cu 7: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Electron ho tr l nhng electron lp bn ngoi c kh nng tham gia vo vic to thnh lin kt ho hc. B) i vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t thuc nhm A, electron ho tr l nhng electron thuc lp ngoi cng. C) i vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t thuc nhm B, electron ho tr gm electron lp ngoi cng v mt s electron thuc phn lp d hoc f st lp ngoi.
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D) lin kt cho - nhn. E) khng to lin kt.

D) in ho tr ca mt nguyn t trong hp cht ion bng s in tch ca ion . E) Tt c u ng. Cu 8: Xt cc phn t: LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl. Lin kt trong phn t no mang tnh ion nhiu nht (% lin kt ion ln nht): A) LiCl. B) NaCl. C) KCl. D) RbCl. E) CsCl.

Cu 9: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Nng lng ln ho l nng lng cn thit tch electron ra khi nguyn t. B) Nng lng ln ho th nht ca nguyn t l nng lng ti thiu cn tch electron th nht ra khi nguyn t trng thi c bn. C) Nng lng ln ho ca nguyn t cc nguyn t u bin thin tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. D) Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, nng lng ion ho ca nguyn t cc nguyn t gim dn. E) Trong mt nhm, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, nng lng ion ho ca nguyn t cc nguyn t tng dn. Cu 10: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Ho tr ca mt nguyn t trong cc hp cht ton gi l in ho tr v bng in tch ca ion . B) Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt c hnh thnh gia hai nguyn t bng mt hay nhiu cp electron chung. C) Nng lng ln ho th nht ca nguyn t l nng lng ti thiu cn tch electron th nht ra khi nguyn t trng thi c bn. D) m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho kh nng ht electron ca nguyn t khi to thnh lin kt ho hc. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 11: phn cc ca lin kt cng ho tr c cc ph thuc vo: A) Khong cch gia 2 nguyn t. B) m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong hp cht. (Hiu s m in cng ln th phn cc ca lin kt cng ho tr cng ln). C) S khc nhau v in tch ht nhn. D) C 3 nguyn nhn trn. E) Do nguyn nhn khc.
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Cu 12: Hn hp X gm 2 kh CO2, SO2 c t khi so vi hiro l 27. Vy thnh phn % mi kh trong hn hp l: A) 50 : 50. C) 45 : 65. E) 25 : 75. B) 40 : 60. D) 20 : 80. Cu 13: Trong phn ng thun nghch, khi tng nhit , cn bng s chuyn dch v pha: A) to ra sn phm trong mi trng hp. B) to ra sn phm nu l phn ng thu nhit. C) to ra sn phm nu l phn ng to nhit. D) to ra cht tham gia phn ng trong mi trng hp. E) to ra cht tham gia phn ng nu l phn ng thu nhit. Cu 14: Cho phn ng thun nghch: aA + bB VT cC + dD.
VN

Trong phn ng thun nghch trn khi tng nng mt trong cc cht tham gia phn ng (A hoc B) th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu : A) chiu thun. D) c A, C u ng. B) chiu nghch. E) c. B, C u ng. C) lm tng nng cc cht sn phm. Cu 15: Cp cht no sau y l th hnh ca nhau ? A) Oxi lng v kh oxi. B) Lu hunh t phng, lu hunh n t. C) Oxi v ozon. D) C A, B, C. E) B v C. Cu 16: Xt cc phn ng (cc cht u trng thi kh): l) 2CO + O2 2CO2, 3) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 2) H2O + CO H2 + CO2 4) 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H O. Biu thc K ca cc cn bng ho hc trn c vit:

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[ ] : l Ch nng ca mt cht. V du [CO2]: nng CO2, K : l hng si cn bng Dy cc biu thc ng l A) K1, K2, K3 C) K3, K4 B) K2, K3, K4 D) K1, K3 Cu 17: Chn phng n ng. Xt phn ng thun nghch: H2(k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k). E) Tt c u ng.

A) Khi tng p sut th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. B) Khi tng p sut th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. C) Khi gim p sut th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. D) p sut khng nh hng n cn bng phn ng. E) Khi gim p sut cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. Cu 18: Chn phng n ng. Ch phn ng vi nc theo phng trnh: Cl + H2O HCl + HClO.

Khi a hn hp ra ngoi nh sng mt tri cn bng chuyn dch: A) theo chiu thun, to ra sn phm. B) theo chiu nghch, to ra cht ban u. C) cn bng khng chuyn dch. D) tt c u sai. E) nh sng khng nh hng n cn bng. Cu 19: Xt phn ng thun nghch: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k); H0 = - 92,82 KJ/mol. tng hiu sut phn ng (thu c nhiu NH3) th ta chn iu kin nhit v p sut nh th no ? A) Nhit cao, p sut cao. B) Nhit thp, p sut cao. C) Nhit cao, p sut thp. D) Nhit thp, p sut thp. E) Nhit , p sut khng nh hng n cn bng. Cu 20: Cht xc tc c tc dng nh th no n phn ng ha hc ? A) Chuyn dch cn bng trong phn ng thun nghch. B) Lm tng hoc gim tc phn ng ho hc.
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C) Lm tng tc phn ng thun khi phn ng t n trng thi cn bng. D) Tc dng vi cht tham gia phn ng to thnh sn phm. E) Sau phn ng lng cht xc tc thay i. Cu 21: Nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t l do: A) khi lng nguyn t tng dn. B) s bin i tun hon v cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in tch ht nhn tng dn. C) s electron trong nguyn t tng dn. D) in tch ht nhn tng dn v s electron lp bn ngoi tng dn t 1 n 8. E) mt nguyn nhn khc. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng. A) S oxi ho mt cht l lm cho cht nhng electron hay lm tng s oxi ho ca cht . B) Cht oxi ho l cht nhn electron hay l cht c s oxi ho gim sau phn ng. C) S kh mt cht l lm cho cht nhn electron hay lm gim s oxi ho ca cht . D) Cht kh l cht nhng electron hay l cht c s oxi ho tng sau phn ng. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 23: Phng n no sau y sai ? A) Gia hai cp oxi ho - kh phn ng xy ra theo chiu cht oxi ho mnh nht s oxi ho cht kh mnh nht to ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh yu hn. B) Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s chuyn electron gia cc cht phn ng. C) Qu trnh oxi ho l qu trnh nhng electron, qu trnh kh l qu trnh nhn electron. D) Cht oxi ho gp cht kh nht thit phi xy ra phn ng oxi ho kh. E) Cht oxi ho l cht nhn electron, cht kh l cht nhng electron. Cu 24: Kt lun no sau y l h qu ca nh lut bo ton khi lng ? A) Khi lng ca mt mui kim loi bng tng khi lng ca kim loi v khi lng gc axit. B) Trong phn ng oxi ho - kh, tng s electron m cht kh nhng bng
76

tng s electron m cht kh oxi ho thu. C) Khi mt hp cht ton thay i anion sinh ra cht mi th s chnh lch v khi lng gia cc cht ban u v cht to ra lun lun bng s chnh lch v khi lng gia cc anion. D) C 3 kt lun trn u ng. E) C 4 phng n trn u sai. Cu 25: mt nhit T cho trc, tan ca mt cht A trong mt dung mi X l: A) s gam cht A trong 100 gam dung mi t c dung dch bo ho nhit . B) s gam cht A cha 100 gam dung ch t c dung dch bo ho nhit . C) s gam ti a ca cht A trong 100 gam dung dch. D) s gam cht A trong 100 gam dung mi. E) tt c u ng. Cu 26: Cho cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3: S, Mg, Al, P, Na, Si. Th t tng dn tnh phi kim l: A) Na < Mg < Al < Si < P < S. B) Na < Mg < Si < Al < P < S. C) Na < Mg < Al < Si < S < P. D) Na < Al < Mg < Si < S < P. E) tt c u sai. Cu 27: Phng n no sau y sai ? A) Trong mi chu k cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn. B) Trong chu k cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu s hiu nguyn t tng dn. C) Nguyn t u chu k bao gi cng l kim loi kim, cui l halogen v kt thc l kh him. D) Cc nguyn t trong chu k c s lp electron bng nhau. E) Trong chu k s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn t 1 n 8 theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn (tr chu k 1). Cu 28: Mt phn ng thun nghch t n trng thi cn bng khi: A) Vt > Vn, D) Vt < Vn
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B) Vt = Vn, E) do nguyn nhn khc. C) Nng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng nng cc cht to thnh. Cu 29: Chn phng n ng nht. Lin kt cng ho tr thng c to thnh gia: A) phi kim v phi kim. B) kim loi v phi kim. C) cc nguyn t khc nhau. D) kim loi v hiro. E) cc kim loi c tnh kh yu v phi kim c tnh oxi ho yu. Cu 30: T khi hi ca A i vi H2 l d1, t khi hi ca B i vi khng kh l d2, T khi hi ca A so vi B l d(A/B) c gi tr l:.

Cu 31: Trong cc cu sau: 1) S in ly khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh. 2) S in li lm s oxi ho thay i. 3) S in phn l qu trnh oxi ho - kh xy ra trn cc b mt in cc. 4) S in phn l phn ng trao i. Dy cc cu ng l: A) 1,3, 4. B) 1,4. C) 1,3.. D) 1,2. E) 1, 2, 3.

Cu 32: Trong mi chu k tnh phi kim tng dn l do: A) s electron lp ngoi cng tng dn. B) in tch ht nhn nguyn t tng dn. C) ho tr cao nht i vi oxi tng dn. D) tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn. E) c 4 l do trn u ng. Cu 33: Cho 1,53 gam hn hp Mg, Zn vo dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,02 mol kh. C cn hn hp sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l (gam):
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A) 2,95. B) 4,2. C) 2,29. D) 0,42. E) kt qu khc. Cu 34: Cho 0,8 gam hn hp Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 0,5M gii phng ra 448 ml kh thc. Khi lng mui sunfat khan thu c l (gam): A) 3,92. C) 5,7. E) kt qu khc. B) 2,72. D) 2,27. Cu 35: Dung dch H2SO4 0,02M c pH l: A) 2. C) 1, 3. E) kt qu khc. B) 1,7. D) 2,3. Cu 36: Trong s cc cht v ion sau : ZnO, Al2O3, HSO 4 , NH+, HCO 3 , CO32-,. CH3COO-. Theo nh ngha axit - baz ca Bron-stt, dy tt c cc cht v ion c th c tnh axit l: A) HSO 4 , NH3, HCO 3 , CO 32 . D) ZnO, HSO 4 , NH+, CO 32 B) NH +4 , HCO 3 , CH3COO-. E) tt c u sai.

C) ZnO, Al2O3, HSO 4 , NH+, CH3COO-. Cu 37: Theo nh ngha axit - baz ca Bron-stt, trong s cc cht v ion sau: ClCO 32 , CH3COO-, HCO 3 , NH +4 , Na+, ZnO, Al2O3, HSO 4 ; dy tt c cc cht v ion c th c tnh baz l: A) CO 32 , CH3COO-, HCO 3 D) HSO, HCO,3, NH 4 B) NH3, Na+, ZnO, Al2O3 E) tt c u sai. -,CO 32 , CH3COO-, HCO 3 , HSO 4 C) Cl Cu 38: Trong cc dung dch sau: X1: CH3COONa. X3: Na2CO3 X5: NaCl. X2: NH4Cl. X4: NaHSO4 Dy tt c cc dung dch c pH 7 l : A) X2, X4, X5 C) X2, X3, X4, X5 E) tt c u sai. l, X3, X4 l, X3, X5 B) X D) X Cu 39 : in ly ca mt cht ph thuc vo: A) bn cht ca cht . D) c A v B. B) bn cht ca dung mi. E) c A, B, C. C) nng dung dch.

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Cu 40: nh ngha v axit v baz theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut p dng cho trng hp cht tan trong : A) dung mi bt k. B) dung mi l nc. C) dung mi khng phn cc. Cu 41: Trong tinh th kim loi, nt ca mng tinh th l: A) nguyn t. B) cc ion dng. C) cc ion m. D) cc electron. E) c A, B v C. D) dung mi lng. E) tt c u sai.

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V. KIM LOI 5.1. I CNG V KIM LOI V KIM LOI NHM I A Cu 1 : Chn phng n ng nht. V tr ca cc kim loi kim trong bng tun hon: A) thuc cc nguyn t nhm A. B) thuc cc nguyn t s. C) gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng u c mt electron lp ngoi cng. D) thuc nhm I A trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. E) gm cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng u c electron c in vo phn lp s. Cu 2: Chn phng n ng nht. Mt s c im v cu to ca nguyn t kim loi l: A) trong cng chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c in tch ht nhn nh hn so vi nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim. B) nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi u c t electron (1, 2 hoc 3e) cc phn lp ngoi cng. C) trong cng chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln hn so vi nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim. D) A, B v C. E) A v B. Cu 3: Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca Na v Na+ tng ng l: A) 3sl ; 3s2. B) 3s1 ; 2p6. C) 2p6 ; 3sl. D) 3pl ; 2p6. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 4: Cho Cu hnh electron [Ar] 3d84s2 : l cu hnh electron ca : A) Cu. B) Zn2+. C) Fe2+. D) Ni. E) B v D.

Cu 5: Kim loi dn in c l do kim loi c: A) cc ion dng kim loi v electron. B) cu to mng tinh th kim loi.
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C) cc electron t do. D) cc ion dng v cc ion m. E) mt electron trong kim loi ln. Cu 6: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Ging nh kim loi, hp kim cng c cu to tinh th. B) Hp kim l dung dch rn thu c gia thu ngn v cc kim loi khc. C) Hp kim c nhit nng chy thp. D) Hp kim c tnh cht vt l v ha hc ging kim loi thnh phn. E) Lin kt trong hp kim ch l lin kt kim loi. Cu 7: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc kim loi (tr cc nguyn t phng x nhn to) th: A) crom cng nht, xesi mm nht. B) nhm nh nht. C) ng dn in v dn nhit tt nht. D) platin c tnh kh yu nht. E) khi lng ring ca xesi l thp nht. Cu 8: Chn phng n ng nht. Lin kt kim loi l: A) lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh th do s tham gia ca cc electron t do. B) lin kt gia cc ion dng dao ng lin tc cc nt mng v cc electron t do chuyn ng hn lon gia cc ion dng. C) lin kt sinh ra do cc electron t do gn cc ion dng kim loi vi nhau. D) do tng tc tnh in gia cc ion dng cc nt mng v tt c cc electron t do trong kim loi tham gia. E) tt c u ng. Cu 9: Chn phng n ng nht. Tnh cht ho hc chng ca kim loi l : A) d b kh. B) kh b oxi ho. C) tnh kh.
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D) d tham gia cc phn ng ha hc. E) nng lng ion ho ln.

Cu 10: Chn phng n ng. Nguyn t kim loi th hin tnh kh v nguyn nhn no sau y ? A) S electron ca nguyn t kim loi thng t. B) Lin kt kim loi rt yu. C) Nng lng ion ho nh. D) in tch ht nhn nh nn kh nng gi electron km. E) Bn knh nguyn t nh. Cu 11 : chn phng n ng nht. T dy in ho ca mt s kim loi thng dng, suy ra: A) kali d b oxi ho nht. B) K+ d b kh nht. C) Au3+ c tnh oxi ho mnh nht. Cu 12: Xt mt s phn ng sau: Zn + 2Fe3+ 2 Fe2+ + Zn2+. Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag. Sn4+ + Pb Pb2+ + Sn2+. Cu + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2+ + Cu2+. Chn phng n ng. Khi sp xp cc cp oxi ho - kh theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho ca ion kim loi v chiu gim dn tnh kh ca kim loi tng ng, ta c dy sau: D) A v C. E) B v C.

Cu 13: C cc cp cht sau: 1) Ni v dung dch MgSO4 2) K v dung dch NaCl 3) Ni v dung dch CuSO4 Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc cp cht xy ra phn ng l :
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4) S v dung dch Pb(NO3)2 5) Dung dch SnCl2 v dung dch FeCl3

A) 1, 3, 4. B) 2, ~3, 4.

C) 3, 4, 5. D) 2, 3, 4, 5.

E) 2, 3.

Cu 14: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Km phn ng c vi mi axit v baz. B) Dung dch ZnSO4 phn ng c vi dung dch Pb(NO3)2 C) Dung dch ZnCl2 Phn ng c vi Ag. D) Zn(OH)2 l hiroxit lng tnh. E) B v D. Cu 15: Cp cht no sau y khng c kh nng xy ra phn ng ? A) Dung dch Cu(NO3)2 v dung dch NaOH. B) Nung hn hp Fe v ZnO. C) Dung dch ZnCl2 v dung dch NaOH. D) Na2CO3 V dung dch HCl. E) Nung hn hp nhm v Fe3O4 Cu 16: Tnh baz gim dn theo dy no sau y ? A) NaOH > Ba(OH)2 > Cu(OH)2 > Fe(OH)3 > Al(OH)3 B) NaOH > Al(OH)3 > Ba(OH)2 > Fe(OH)3 > Cu(OH)2, C) NaOH > Ba(OH)2 > Al(OH)3 > Fe(OH)3 > Cu(OH)2 D) Ba(OH)2 > NaOH > Al(OH)3 > Fe(OH)3 > Cu(OH)2 E) Ba(OH)2 > AI(OH)3 > NaOH > Fe(OH)3 > Cu(OH)2 Cu 17: chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc hp cht, cc kim loi kim c s oxi ho l: A) - 1. B) +1. C) +l, +2. D) -l, +l. E) +l, +2, +3.

Cu 18: Chn phng n ng. A) Tt c cc hp cht ca natri u c tnh baz v natri l kim loi kim. B) Mui ca natri bao gm c mui trung tnh, mui axit. C) Cc dung dch mui: NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 u c mi trng baz. D) NaOH c tnh baz mnh nht trong cc baz. E) Tt c u ng.
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Cu 19: Khi cho kim loi kim vo dung dch CuSO4 th: A) Kim loi kim phn ng vi Cu2+. B) Kim loi kim phn ng vi CuSO4 y Cu ra khi dung dch. C) Phn ng ng thi vi c CuSO4 v nc. D) Kim loi kim phn ng vi nc trc cho kim, sau kim s tc dng vi CuSO4, E) Tt c u sai. Cu 20: Chn phng n ng nht. C cc cht rn: Al2O3, ZnO, Al, Zn, Pb, CuO, Ag, Fe2O3, Au. Dung dch KOH ho tan oc cc, cht trong dy no sau y: A) Al2O3, ZnO, Au, Ag. B) Al, Pb, Au, Ag. C) Al2O3, ZnO, CaO, Fe2O3 Cu 21: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc cp cht sau, cp cht no khng xy ra phn ng ? A) Dung dch NaOH v Al2O3 B) Dung dch NaCl v Ag. C) K2O v H2O. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht. ng phn ng c vi cht no sau y ? A) Dung dch AgNO3 B) Dung dch HCl c, nng. C) Dung dch FeCl3 Cu 23: Trong s cc kim loi: st, ng, nhm, can xi, ch ; kim loi nh c ng dng rng ri nht trong k thut v i sng l: A) St. B) ng. C) Nhm. D) Canxi. E) Ch. D) Dung dch AlCl3 E) A v C. D) Dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch KCl. E) B v D. D) Al2O3, ZnO, Al, Zn. E) Pb, Ag, Fe2O3, Au, CaO.

Cu 24: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Vng v bc ch c dng lm trang sc. B) Kim loi kim t c s dng v him v kh bo qun. C) Kim loi c ng dng rng ri trong k thut v i sng.
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D) Hp kim c ng dng rt rng ri trong cc ngnh ca nn kinh t quc dn E) C v D. Cu 25: Chn phng n ng. Nc Javen l dung dch gm nc v cc cht trong dy no sau y : A) NaCl v NaClO. B) NaClO v NaClO3 C) NaCl v NaClO3 Cu 26: Chn phng n ng khi ni v natri clorua: A) L cht rn, mu trng, d tan trong nc. B) L mui axit. C) L cht rn, khng mu, d tan trong nc. D) Ch c iu ch bng cch cho NaOH tc dng vi HCl. E) C mng li kiu lp phng tm khi. Cu 27: Chn phng n ng. Kim loi kim c iu ch bng phng php : A) nhit phn cc mui. B) in phn dung dch cc mui ca chng. C) in phn nng chy mui halogenua ca chng. D) thu luyn. E) ly trc tip t t nhin. Cu 28: Chn phng n ng. A) Cc phng php iu ch kim loi u da trn cng mt nguyn tc l kh cc ion kim loi. B) Trong cc phng php iu ch kim loi th phng php in phn l tt nht v c dng nhiu nht. C) Ngoi phng php in phn, cc kim loi kim cn c iu ch bng phng php thu luyn. D) Phng php nhit luyn t c s dng v phi tin hnh nhit cao. E) Tt c u sai. Cu 29: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v tnh cht vt l ca kim loi. iu kin thng th.
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D) NaClO v NaClO4 E) NaClO3 v NaClO4

A) hu ht cc kim loi u th rn. B) tt c cc kim loi u rt cng. C) tt c cc kim loi u dn c in. D) tt c cc kim loi u c khi lng ring ln hn nc. E) A v C. Cu 30: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v tnh cht vt l ca hp kim. A) Tnh dn in, dn nhit ca hp kim km cc kim loi trong hn hp ban u. B) Nhit nng chy ca hp kim thng thp hn nhit nng chy ca cc kim loi trong hn hp ban u. C) Hp kim thng cng v gin hn cc kim loi trong hn hp ban u. D) A v B. E) A, B v C. Cu 31: C cc hp cht sau: AlCl3, Ba(OH)2, FeCl3, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3. nhn bit tt c cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thm mt ho cht l: A) dung dch NaOH. B) dung dch H2SO4 C) dung dch MgSO4 Cu 32: C cc hp cht sau: Na2O, CaO, CuSO4, ZnO. phn bit c tt c cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thm mt ho cht l: A) dung dch HCl. B) dung dch H2SO4 c C) nc. Cu 33: Chn phng n ng. thu ly bc t hn hp bc v ng, ngi ta cho vo hn hp bc v ng: A) dung dch H2SO4 c, d B) dung dch bc AgNO3 d C) dung dch Cu(NO3)2 d Cu 34: C cc cht rn sau: NaCl, Na2CO3, AgNO3, CuSO4 khan. phn bit c tt c cc cht rn trn, ch cn dng mt ho cht l: A) dung dch NaOH. B) dung dch KOH. C) dung dch HCl. D) dung dch qu tm..
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D) qu tm. E) A hoc B, hoc C, hoc D.

D) qu tm. E) ho cht khc.

D) dung dch HNO3 d. E) dung dch amoniac.

E) nc.

Cu 35: Cho s phn ng:

X v Y c th l : A) NaCl v Na2CO3 B) NaCl v NaHCO3 C) Na2SO4 V Na2CO3 Cu 36: Cho Cc phn ng: 2KOH + X Cu(OH)2 + 2KNO3 Zn + 2NaOH d Y + H2 2NaHCO3 Z + H2O + CO2 X, Y, Z l: A) CuCl2, Zn(OH)2, Na2O. B) Cu(NO3)2, Na2[Zn(OH)4 ], Na2CO3 C) Cu(NO3)2, Na2[Zn(OH)4 ], Na2O. Cu 37: Chn phng n ng. Ngi ta gi NaOH l xt n da v: A) NaOH ln tp cht c kh nng n da. B) NaOH c tnh oxi ho mnh. C) NaOH l baz mnh c th n mn da. D) NaOH cha nguyn t oxi c tnh oxi ho mnh. E) tt c u sai. Cu 38: Ngm mt l km trong 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,1 M. Khi phn ng kt thc, ly l km ra, sy kh v cn li thy khi lng l km tng m gam. Khi lng m l (gam): A) 0,755. B) 1,51 C) 1,08. Cu 39: in phn ht 0,3 mol CuCl2 vi cng dng in l 2,5A th thi gian in phn l (pht):
88
t0

D) AgNO3 v Na2CO3 E) AgNO3 v Ag2CO3

D) HNO3, Na2O, Na2CO3 E) Cu(NO3)2, ZnO, Na2O.

D) 0,43. E) khng tnh c v khng bit khi lng l km.

A) 193 B) 386

C) 372 D) 772

E) 623,8

Cu 40: in phn 1 mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 0,896 lt Cl2 (ktC) ant v 3,12 gam kim loi catt. Cng thc mui l: A) NaCl. B) KCl. C) LiCl. D) RbCl. E) CsCl.

Cu 41: Nung nng 100 gam hn hp A gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng ca hn hp khng i, thu c 69g cht rn. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca Na2CO3 trong hn hp A l: A) 44%. B) 84%. C) 56%. D) 50%. E) 16%.

Cu 42: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 50 ml dung dch H3PO4 1M. Nng mol/1t ca mui kali trong dung dch thu c l (th tch dung dch coi nh khng i khi trn ln): A) 0,66. B) 0,33. C) 0,44. D) 1,1. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 43: Th tch dung dch NaOH 2M ti thiu hp th ht 5,6 lt SO2 ktc l: A) 250 ml. B) 500 ml. C) 275 ml. D) 125 ml. E) 300 ml.

5.2. KIM LOI NHM II A, NHM, ST Cu l: Chn phng n ng. A) Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc kim loi nhm II A l ns2. B) Cc kim loi kim th c bn knh nguyn t ln nht. C) Cc kim loi nhm IIA d b kh nht. D) Cc kim loi nhm IIA, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th nhit nng chy, nhit si gim dn: E) Tt c u ng. Cu 2: Chn phng n ng. Trong s cc kim loi nhm IIA: A) canxi l kim loi hot ng nht. B) beri l kim loi nh nht.
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C) magie d nng chy nht. D) tt c u c mng lp phng tm in. E) ch c bn c mng lp phng tm in. Cu 3: Chn phng n ng nht. Cc kim loi nhm IIA: A) u tan trong nc. B) u c tnh kh mnh. C) u phn ng mnh lit vi oxi. D) c iu ch bng cch in phn nng chy mui halogenua ca chng. E) B v D. Cu 4: Chn phng n ng nht. Mui ca cc kim loi nhm IIA u tan l : A) mui sunfat. B) mui photphat. C) mui clorua. D) mui nitrat. E) C v D.

Cu 5: Chn phng n ng nht. Khi th mu bari vo dung dch HCl rt long th sn phm c th thu c l: A) BaCl2, B) H2 v BaCl2 C) Ba(OH)2 E) B v C.

D) Ba(OH)2 v BaCl2

Cu 6: Chn phng n ng. A) Tt c cc kim loi nhm IIA u c ng dng trong thc t. B) Hp kim ca magie v hp kim ca beri c nhiu ng dng trong thc t. C) Hp kim ca ma gie v hp kim ca beri c nhiu tnh cht ging nhau. D) Bari v radi c dng lm cht kh tch lu hunh ra khi thp. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 7: Chn phng n ng nht. C th iu ch canxi t CaCl2 bng cch : A) Dng bari y canxi ra khi dung dch CaCl2 B) in phn dung dch CaCl2 C) in phn nng chy CaCl2 D) Nung CaCl2 nhit cao.
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E) Cho Ag tc dng vi CaCl2 thu c Ca (v to thnh AgCl kt ta). Cu 8: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v canxi oxit: A) L cht rn, mu trng, rt kh nng chy. B) L cht rn, d tn trong nc, d nng chy. C) L oxit baz. D) Ch c iu ch bng nhit phn Ca(OH)2 E) A v C. Cu 9: iu no sai khi ni v canxi cacbonat ? A) L cht rn, mu trng, khng tan trong nc. B) Khng b nhit phn hu. C) B nhit phn hy to ra CaO v CO2. D) Tan trong nc c cha CO2. E) Rt ph bin trong t nhin. Cu 10: Cu hnh ca electron lp ngoi cng ca Al v Al3+ tng ng ln lt l: A) 3s2 3p3; 3s2. B) 3s2 3p3 3s2 3p6. C) 3s2 3pl; 3s2 3p4. Cu 11: iu no sau y ng khi ni v nhm ? A) L kim loi nh, khng mu, khng tc dng vi nc. B) L kim loi nng, mu trng, kh nng chy. C) L kim loi nh, mu trng bc, nng chy nhit khng cao lm. D) Rt do, nhng dn in v dn nhit km hn st. E) C v D. Cu 12: iu no sau y ng nht khi ni v nhm ? A) D dng nhng electron cho cht oxi ho trong phn ng oxi ho - kh. B) Lun nhn electron trong cc phn ng oxi ho- kh. C) Lun c s oxi ho l +3 trong cc hp cht (tr hirua). D) A v C. E) C A, B, C u ng. D) 3s2 3pl; 2s2 2p6. E) tt c u sai.

91

Cu 13: Chn phng n ng. Cho l nhm ph b lp bo v Al2O3 vo nc th: A) lc u nhm phn ng vi nc, nhng phn ng nhanh chng dng li, nn coi nh nhm khng phn ng vi nc. B) nhm khng phn ng vi nc v hng ngy chng ta vn s dng dng bng nhm. C) nhm phn ng vi oxi ha tan trong nc to ra Al2O3 D) nhm phn ng vi nc to ra Al2O3 kt ta nn phn ng b dng li. E) tt c u sai. Cu 14: Chn phng n ng khi ni v nhm. A) Nhm phn ng c vi mi axit mi iu kin. B) Nhm phn ng vi AlCl3 to ra AlCl2 C) Nhm b th ng bi H2SO4 c, ngui v HNO3 c, ngui. D) Nhm phn ng c vi mi baz. E) A v D u ng. Cu 15: Chn phng n ng khi ni v nhm hiroxit: A) L mt baz mnh. B) Phn ng c vi mi axit v mi baz. C) L hiroxit lng tnh. D) B phn hu thnh Al2O3 v H2O nhit thng. E) C v D. Cu 16: Nhm c sn xut bng cch no sau y ? A) in phn dung dch AlCl3 B) in phn nng chy Al2O3 C) Dng cacbon kh Al2O3 D) in phn nng chy Al(OH)3 E) Dng magie kh Al2O3 Cu 17: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v nhm oxit: A) L oxit axit. B) L oxit lng tnh. D) Ch phn ng vi axit. E) B v C.

C) L cht rn, mu trng, khng tan trong nc.

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Cu 18: Chn phng n ng khi ni v nhm hiroxit: A) Tn ti di dng dung dch mu trng. B) Tn ti di dng kt ta keo khng mu trong nc. C) L cht rn, mu trng, d tan trong nc. D) Kt ta dng keo trong nc v c mu trng. E) Tt c u sai. Cu 19: Chn phng n ng. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi ca Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+ ln lt l: A) 3d64s2 ; 3d6 ; 3d5 B) 3d64sl ; 3d5 ; 3d4. C) 3d64s2 ; 3d84s2 ; 3d9 4s2. Cu 20: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v st: A) L kim loi nng, c mu en. B) Dn in, dn nhit tt. C) D b nng chy. D) L kim loi nng, mu hi xm, do, d rn. E) B v D. Cu 21: Chn phng n ng khi ni v st: A) St c 8 electron lp ngoi cng. B) St c 2 electron ho tr. C) S oxi ho ca st trong cc hp cht thng gp l +2 v +3. D) St l nguyn t h p. E) Tt c u sai. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v st: A) B th ng i vi H2SO4 c, ngui v HNO3 c, ngui. B) Tc dng vi hi nc nhit cao. C) y c ng ra khi dung dch CuSO4 D) Tc dng c vi oxi nhit cao. E) Tt c u ng. D) 3d64sl ; 3d84sl ; 3d7 4s2. E) tt c u sai.

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Cu 23: Cho cc cu sau y: 1) St c kh nng tan trong dung dc FeCl3 d. 2) St c kh nng tan trong dung dch CuCl2 d. 3) ng c kh nng tan trong dung dch PbCl2 d. 4) ng c kh nng tan trong dung dch FeCl2 d. 5) ng c kh nng tan trong dung dch FeCl3 d. Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc cu u ng l: A) 1, 2, 4, 5. B) 1, 2, 5. C) 1, 3, 5. D) 2, 3, 5. E) tt c u ng.

Cu 24: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v st: A) L kim loi c ng dng rng ri nht trong k thut v i sng. B) Hp kim st quan trng nht l gang v thp. C) Hm lng st trong thp ln hn trong gang. D) A v C. E) C A, B, C. Cu 25: Chn phng n ng nht. T Fe(OH)3 c th iu ch c st bng cch : A) in phn nng chy Fe(OH)3 B) chuyn thnh FeCl3 in phn dung dch. C) chuyn thnh Fe2O3 ri dng cacbon kh. D) nung Fe(OH)3 nhit cao trong khng kh. E) B v C. Cu 26: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v hp cht st (III): A) D b kh thnh Fe(II) khi tc dng vi cht kh mnh. B) C th b kh thnh Fe (II) hoc Fe kim loi. C) C tnh oxi ho. D) Bn v tn ti trong t nhin. E) Tt c u ng.

94

Cu 27: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v st (II) hiroxit: A) L cht rn, mu trng, d tan trong nc. B) Bn v khng b nhit phn hu. C) L cht rn mu lc nht, khng tan trong nc. D) trong khng kh b oxi ho thnh Fe(OH)3. E) C v D. Cu 28: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v st (III) hiroxit: A) B nhit phn thnh Fe2O3 v H2O. B) L cht rn mu nu . C) Th hin tnh baz. D) c iu ch bng cch cho dung dch mui st (III) tc dng vi dung dch baz. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 29: C ba cht dng bt, ng trong 3 l mt nhn l: Mg, Al2O3, Al. nhn bit c ba cht trn, ch cn dng mt thuc th duy nht l: A) nc. B) dung dch CuCl2 C) dung dch AlCl3 Cu 30: Cho bari vo cc dung dch sau: X1 : NaHCO3 X2 : CuSO4 X3 : (NH4)2SO4 X4 : NaNO3 X5 : MgCl2 X6 : KCl D) dung dch NaOH. E) dung dch HCl.

Chn phng n ng. Kt ta khng to ra i vi dy cc dung dch no sau y ? A) X1, X2, X3, C) X2, X5 B) X1, X3 D) X4, X6 E) X1, X2, X3, X5

Cu 31: Cho dy bin ho sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. X, Y l:

95

A) C, Ca(NO3)2 B) CaCO3, CaO.

C) CaC2, Ca. E) (CH3COO)2Ca, CaCO3 D) CaCO3, CaSO4

Cu 32: C 3 dung dch NaOH, HCl, H2SO4 long. Thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dung dch trn l: A) Zn. B) Na2CO3 C) CaCO3 D) qu tm. E) nhm.

Cu 33: phn bit 3 l ng ba cht bt: Fe, FeO, CuO; ngi ta dng thuc th duy nht l: A) dung dch KOH. B) dung dch AgNO3 C) dung dch HCl. Cu 34: Cho dy bin ho sau: D) qu tm. E) dung dch NaOH.

Chn phng n ng nht. X, Y l : A) FeO ; Fe(OH)3 B) Fe(OH)3 ; Fe(NO3)2 C) Fe(OH)3 ; FeCl3, D) Fe, FeCl3 E) O2 ; HNO3

Cu 35: Chn phng n ng iu ch Fe(OH)3 A) Cho Fe2O3 tc dng vi H2O. B) Cho Fe2O3 tc dng vi NaOH va . C) Cho mui st (III) tc dng vi axit mnh. D) Cho mui st (III) tc dng vi dung dch baz. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 36: iu no sai khi ni v FeO ? A) L cht rn, mu trng, d tan trong nc. B) L cht rn, mu en, khng tn ti trong t nhin. C) Khng bn, d b oxi ho thnh Fe2O3. D) Th hin tnh baz. E) C th iu ch bng cch nhit phn Fe(OH)2 trong iu kin khng c oxi.
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Cu 37: Chn phng n ng khi ni v st (III) oxit A) L cht rn, mu nu, khng tan trong nc. B) L oxit km bn. C) Rt d b kh thnh Fe. B) Ch c iu ch bng cch nhit phn Fe(OH)3 nhit cao. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 38: Chn phng n ng nht. C 5 mu kim loi Ba, Mg, Fe, Al, Ag. Ch c dng thm dung dch H2SO4 long, c th nhn bit c dy kim loi no sau y ? A) C 5 kim loi. B) Ag, Fe. C) Ba, Al, Ag. D) Fe, Ag, Al. E) Ba, Mg, Fe, Al

Cu 39: C hn hp gm Ag, Fe, Zn. Mun loi b Fe, Zn thu c Ag, ch dng mt dung dch l: A) dung dch CuSO4 B) dung dch FeCl3 C) dung dch HCl. Cu 40: C 4 cht rn ng trong 4 l ring bit: Na2CO3, CaCO3, Na2SO4 v CaSO4 khan. Hy chn thuc th trong mt phng n c th nhn bit c c 4 cht trn: A) H2SO4 B) H2Ov HCl. C) qu tm. Cu 41: Ho tan 7,8 gam hn hp A (gm Al v Mg) bng dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng khi lng dung dch tng ln 7 gam. Khi lng Al v Mg trong hn hp A l (gam): A) 2,7 v 1,2. B) 5,8 v 3,6. C) 5,4 v 2,4. D) 1,2 v 2,4. E) kt qu khc. D) dung dch AgNO3 E) dung dch BaCl2 D) dung dch FeSO4 E) A, hoc B, hoc C.

Cu 42: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi nhm II A tc dng ht vi nc thu c 6,11 lt H2 ( 250C v 1 atm). Kim loi l: A) Mg. B) Be. C) Ca. D) Ba. E) Si.

97

Cu 43: Cho 10 ml dung dch mt mui can xi tc dng vi Na2CO3 d thu c mt lng kt ta. Lc ly kt ta ri nung ti khi lng khng i thu c 0,2 gam cht rn. Nng mol/1it ca mui canxi l: A) 0,2. B) 1. C) 0,5. D) 0,75. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 44: Ho tan hon ton 2,49 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Zn trong 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 long, thy c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc) thot ra. Khi lng mui sunfat khan l (gam): A) 4,25 B) 8,25 C) 5,37 D) 8,13 E) 5,28

Cu 45: Kim loi X tc dng vi Cl2 c mui B. Cho X tc dng vi axit HCl ta c mui C. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch mui B ta c mui. Vy X l: A) Ai. C) Fe. E) Ca. B) Zn. D) Mg. Cu 46: C 2 l st khi lng bng nhau v bng 11,2 gam. L st mt cho tc dng vi chi d, l st hai ngm trong dung dch HCl d. Khi lng mui clorua thu c trong 2 trng hp trn nh th no ? A) Bng nhau. B) Khi lng mui st (III) ln hn mui st (II). C) Khi lng mui st (III) nh hn mui st (II). D) Khi lng mui st (III) thu c l 25,4 gam. E) Tt c u sai.

VI. I CNG HO HU C V HIROCACBON Cu 1: Chn phng n ng. Ho hc hu c l ngnh ho hc chuyn nghin cu : A) cc hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua...) B) cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong c th sng. C) cc hp cht ca cacbon v hng vi cc nguyn t khc. D) tt c cc hp cht m trong thnh phn ca n cha cacbon. E) tt c u ng.

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Cu 2: Cht no sau y khng phi l hp cht hu c: A) C2H5O. B) C2H4Br2 C) NH4HCO3 D) C6H5COOH. E) CH3 - NH2

Cu 3: Cht no sau y khng phi l hp cht hu c: A) CH2O. B) CCl4 C) (NH4)2CO3 Cu 4: Cho cc cht sau: l) Axit axetic 2) Tinh bt 3) Xenluloz 4) Etanol 5) Natri cacbonat 6) Canxi cacbua D) (NH2)2CO. E) COCl2

Dy cc hp cht hu c l : A) 1, 2, 3, 4. B) 1, 2, 4, 6. C) 3, 4, 5, 6. D) 2, 4, 5, 6. E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Cu 5: Chn phng n ng. Mc ch ca php phn tch nh tnh cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c l : A) xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht hu c. B) xc nh khi lng phn t hp cht hu c. C) xc nh cng thc cu to hp cht hu c. D) xc nh thnh phn cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c. E) xc nh s lng nguyn t mi nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c. Cu 6: Chn phng n ng. A) Cc cht ng phn c cng cng thc phn t (cng khi lng phn t). B) Cc cht ng phn c cng cng thc cu to. C) Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau. D) A v C. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 7: Chn phng n ng. Tnh cht vt l ca cc cht trong dy ng ng nh th no ? A) Ging nhau. B) Khng ging nhau.
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C) Tnh cht ca n ph thuc vo s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. D) Tt c u sai. Cu 8. Chn phng n ng. Ankan l hp cht thuc loi: A) hirocacbon no. B) trong phn t ch c C v H. D) hirocacbon mch thng. E) tt c u sai.

C) hirocbon no, khng c mch vng. Cu 9: Chn phng n ng nht. Ankan t nhng hirocacbon: A) trong phn t ch cha lin kt n. B) no. C) mch h. D) c cng thc chung l CnH2n + 2 (n > l). E) c B, C v D. Cu 10: Chn phng n ng. Trong nhng cht sau, cht thuc dy ng ng ca C2H6 l:

Cu 11: C hai cht : C3H8 v CH3 - CH2- CH2- CH Phng n no sau y ng nht ? A) Chng l ng phn ca nhau. B) Chng l nhng ankan. C) Chng la ng ng ca nhau. Cu 12: Chn phng n ng nht. Hai cht hexan v xiclohexan l: A) nhng hirocacbon no. B) hai cht ng phn.. C) cc ankan.
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D) A v C. E) B v C.

D) A v B. E) tt c u ng.

Cu 13: Chn phng n ng nht. Xicloankan l hp cht thuc loi: A) hirocacbon no. B) hirocacbon mch vng. Cu 14: S ng phn ca C4Hl0 l: A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) Tt c u sai. C) c A v B. D) tt c u sai.

Cu 15: Mt hp cht c cng thc cu to l:

Tn IUPHC ng ca cht trn l : A) 2,2 - imetyl - 4- etylpentan. B) 2,2,4 - trimetylhexan. C) 3,5,5 - trimetylhexan. D) 2- etyl - 4,4- imetylpentan. E) 1, 1, 1,3 - tetra metylpentan. Cu 16: Mt ankan c cng thc :

Ankan ny c tn gi ng theo danh php IUPHC l : A) 1 - etyl -1- metylpropan. B) 2 - etylbutan. C) 1, 1 - ietyl etan. Cu 17: Cng thc phn t ca 4 - etyl - 2,3 - imetyl hexan l: A) C8H18 B) C9H20 C) C10H22 D) C12H26 E) C14H30 D) 3 - metyl pentan. E) mt tn gi khc.

Cu 18: Tn ca hp cht no sau y c c tip u ng l iso:

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Cu 19: Trong cc tn gi ng vi cng thc cu to ca cc cht sau, tn no ng ?

Cu 20: Chn phng n ng nht. Ankan tan nhiu trong: A) nc. B) ete C) benzen. D) du ho. E) c B, C, D u ng.

Cu 21: iu no sau y ng khi ni v etan: A) Hiro chim 20% khi lng trong etan. B) Cacbon chim 85,71% khi lng trong etan. C) Khi lng mol ca etan nh hn mt na khi lng mol ca khng kh. D) 28 gam etan cha 8 gam hiro. E) 28 gam etan cha 12 gam cacbon. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Metan c ly t kh thin nhin v kh du m. B) Metan c ly t kh l cc. C) un natri axetat vi vi ti xt thu c metan. D) Metan c th tng hp t cacbon v hiro. E) C A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 23: Chn phng n ng. A) CH4 c 5 lin kt . B) C2H6 c 8 lin kt . C) C3H8 c 10 lin kt . D) Tt c u sai.

Cu 24: Cho cc nhm ankan sau: C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12. Dy ankan no c ng phn khi tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l 1:1 v s mol to ra dn xut mono lorua duy
102

nht ? A) C2H6 v C3H8. C) C4H10 v C5H12 B) C3H8 v C4H10. D) C2H6 v C5H12 Cu 25: Hn hp A gm C2H6 v C2H4, t Chy A thu c a mol CO2 v b mol H2O. T s T = a . T c gi tr no trong cc khong sau:
b

A) 0,66 <T< 1,5. C) 1,5 <T< 2. E) l<T<2. B) 1 < T < 1,5. D) 0,66 < T < 1. Cu 26: Trong cc ng phn ankan c cng thc phn t l C5H12, ng phn no phn ng th vi Cl2 theo t l 1 : 1 v s mol ch cho 1 sn phm duy nht ?

Cu 27: S lng sn phm th ca ankan vi Cl2 trong iu kin nh sng khuych tn v t l 1 : 1 v s mol ph thuc vo: A) cu to ca Cl2 B) th tch Cl2 C) S nguyn t cacbon trong phn t ankan. D) dng ng phn cu to ca ankan. E) tt c u sai. Cu 28: Trong cc cht sau, cht no c phn ng crackinh ? A) CH4 B) C3H8 C) C2H6 D) C3H7Cl. E) Tt c u sai. Cu 29: Phng n no sau y sai ? A) Metan khng tc dng vi dung dch nc brom. B) Metan khng b phn tch bi nhit. C) Metan l mt cht kh khng mu, nh hn khng kh. D) Metan l mt hirocacbon no. E) Metan cho phn ng c trng l phn ng th. Cu 30: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no lm gim mch cacbon ?

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E) Tt c u ng. Cu 31: t chy mt mt hn hp ng ng ca ankan, ta thu c s mol CO2 v s mol H2O nh th no ? A) Bng nhau. B) nCO 2 > nH 2 O C) nCO 2 nH 2 O D) nH 2 O = nCO 2 + 1. E) Tt c u sai.

Cu 32: Khi t chy mt hirocacbon, thu c th tch H2O gp i th tch CO2 th cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon l: A) CnH2n (n l). B) CnH2n - 2 (n l). C) CnH2n + 2 (n l). Cu 33: Cng thc thc nghim ca mt hirocacbon c dng (CxH2x+l)y, th cng thc phn t ca n l: A) C3H8 B) CnH2n + 2 (n = 2x ; y = 2). Cu 34: Chn phng n ng nht. Ankan c iu ch bng cch: A) cng H2 vo olefin (c xc tc Ni, t0). B) un nng mui natri hoc kali ca axit hu c vi vi ti xt. C) crackinh. D) tt c u ng. Cu 35: Tng s ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8 l: A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 6. E) p n khc. C) C4H10 D) kt qu khc. D) CH4 l hirocacbon duy nht. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 36: Chn phng n ng nht. Anken c th c cc loi ng phn: A) mch cacbon. B) v tr lin kt i. C) ng phn hnh hc.
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D) tt c u ng. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 37: Chn phng n ng.

A) 3 - metylhex - 4 - en. B) 4 - etylpent - 2 - en. C) 4 - metylhex - 2- en.

D) 2 - etylpent - 3 - en. E) mt tn khc.

Cu 38 : Trong cc cht c cng thc cu to sau, tn ca chng theo ng quy tc IUPHC l :

Cu 39: Chn phng n ng nht. Cht A c cng thc phn t C6H10. Nu hiro ho A thu c iso - hexan th cng thc cu to ca A l:

Cu 40: Trong anken, mt phng cha lin kt nh th no so vi mt phng phn t ? A) Trng nhau. B) Ct nhau. C) Vung gc. D) To gc 450. E) Tt c u sai.

Cu 41: Mt anken tc dng vi hiro (d) c bt Ni lm xc tc v un nng, thu c. A) mt anken khc c nhiu nguyn t hiro hn. B) mt ankan c cng s nguyn t cacbon vi anken trn. C) mt ankan c s nguyn t cacbon thay i. D) mt anken c v tr ni i thay i.
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E) kt qu khc. Cu 42: Chn phng n ng nht. Xt phn ng ca propen vi HCI: A) Phi s dng quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp xc nh sn phm chnh. B) Sn phm chnh l CH3 - CHCl CH3 C) Sn phm chnh l CH2Cl - CH2- CH3 D) A v B. E) A v C. Cu 43: Cho s chuyn ho:
H2SO4, 1700C t0, p, xt

Polietilen

Vy X l: A) CH3CHO. C) C2H5OH. E) kt qu khc. B) CH3COOH. D) CH3 - CH3 Cu 44: Anken thch hp iu ch 3 - etyl pentan - 3 - ol bng phn ng hirat ho l: A) 3 - etyl pent - 2 - en. B) 3 - etyl pent - 1 - en. C) 3 - etyl pent - 3 - en. D) 3, 3 - imetyl pent - 2 - en. Cu 45: Chn phng n ng nht. Anken c th tham gia phn ng cng hp vi: A) halogen. C) HX. E) A, B, C. B) H2 D) tt c u sai. Cu 46: C bao nhiu ng phn anken ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10, khi hirat ho cho sn phm l ancol bc 3: A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) 5. Cu 47: Hn hp X gm 2 anken. Khi hirat ho X (xc tc l axit v c long) cho hn hp Y ch gm 2 ancol duy nht. X l: A) CH2= CH2 v CH3 - CH = CH2 B) CH2= CH2 v CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 C) CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 v CH3 - CH2 - CH = CH2 D) (CH3)2CH = CH2 v CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 E) B v C.
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Cu 48: Cho phn ng:

Cu 49: Chn phng n ng nht. Ankaien l: A) hirocacbon khng no. B) hirocacbon mch h. C) hirocacbon khng no, mch h, c 2 ni i trong phn t. D) hirocacbon c 2 ni i trong phn t. Cu 50: Cng thc cu to ca octa -1,4 - ien l:

Cu 51: Penta -1,3 - ien c cng thc cu to l:

Cu 52: Chn phng n ng nht. Sn phm chnh ca phn ng cng gia buta-1,3- ien v HCl theo t l 1 : 1 v s mol l :

Cu 53: Cao su buna l sn phm trng hp ca monome no sau y:

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Cu 54: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v cao su buna: A) Cao su buna l hp cht ch cha cc nguyn t cacbon v hiro. B) Cao su buna thuc loi hp cht hirocacbon. C) Cao su buna thuc loi ankan. D) A v B. E) C A, B, C. Cu 55: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v ankin: A) L nhng hirocacbon khng no, mch h. B) L nhng hirocacbon trong phn t cha mt lin kt ba (C C). C) L nhng hirocacbon c cng thc tng qut: CnH2n - 2 (n > 2). D) C A, B, C. Cu 56: Mt ankin c cng thc:

A) 2 - metybut - 3 - in. B) 3 - metybut - 1 - in. C) 1, 1 imetylprop - 2 - in. Cu 57: Chn phng n ng nht..

D) 3,3 - imetylprop -1 - in. E) isobut -1- in.

Hai cht hu c c tn l: hex -1- in v 4 - metyl pent - 2 - in. Chng l A) hai ankin. B) hai ng phn. D) c cng cng thc phn t. E) tt c u ng

C) nhng hirocacbon khng no. Cu 58: C bao nhiu ng phn ankin c cng thc phn t C6H10 to kt ta vi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH ? A) 1. B) 2. C) 4. D) 7. E) 8.

Cu 59: Chn phng n ng nht. Ankin no di y to kt ta vi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH ? A) CH3-C C - CH3 B) CH3 - CH2- C CH. D) Bv C. E) C A, B, C.
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C) CH3 - C CH. Cu 60: Chn phng n ng nht. Ankin ging anken ch: A) Cng c th cho phn ng th. B) Cng c phn ng oxi ho. C) Cng c phn ng cng. Cu 61: Ngi ta dng cht no trong nhng cht sau phn bit: but-l- in v but 2- in ? A) Ag2O. B) Dung dch KMnO4 C) Dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Cu 62: Chn phng n ng nht. Ngi ta dng cht no trong nhng cht sau phn bit axetilen v metan ? A) Cl2 B) Dung dch Br2 C) Dung dch KMnO4 D) Tt c u ng. E) B hoc C. D) Dung dch Br2 E) Tt c u ng. D) Cng c ng phn hnh hc. E) C A, B, C.

Cu 63: Cch lm sch etilen c ln axetilen l dn hn hp qua: A) dung dch Br2 B) dung dch KMnO4 C) dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. D) tt c u ng.

Cu 64: Ngi ta lm sch kh metan c ln axetilen bng cch: A) un nng. B) lc. C) thi H2 vo. D) dn qua dung dch Br2 E) tt c u ng.

Cu 65: Hirocacbon no sau y khi b t chy s sinh ra s mol CO2 v s mol H2O C t l l 4: 1 ? A) C4H4 B) C2H2 C) C6H6 D) C4H2 E) Kt qu khc.

Cu 66: Khi t chy axetilen cho ngn la chy sng hn metan v: A) phn t axetilen cha nhiu cacbon hn so vi phn t metan. B) hm lng cacbon trong axetilen cao hn so vi metan. C) khi t chy axetilen to ra nhiu nhit hn. D) khi t chy mt mol axetilen cn nhiu oxi hn so vi khi t chy mt mol metan.
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E) mt nguyn nhn khc. Cu 67: iu no sau y khng ng: Tt c cc ankin u tham gia cc phn ng: A) cng hp. B) b oxi ho bi dung dch KMnO4 C) Chy. D) th nguyn t hiro trong ankin bng dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Cu 68: Khi t C2H2, C4H6, C2H6, cht cho ngn la sng nht l: A) C2H2 B) C4H6 C) C2H6, D) sng nh nhau. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 69: Chn phng n ng nht. Nhng cht no sau y c th tham gia phn ng trng hp ? : A) CH3 - CH = CH2 B) CH CH. C) CH3 - CH3 D) H - CHO. E) A, B, D.

Cu 70: Chn phng n ng nht. Axetilen c th iu ch bng cch: A) nhit phn CH4 15000c v lm lnh nhanh. B) crackinh thun. C) cho canxi cacbua hp nc. Cu 71: Cng thc thc nghim ca mt hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng ca benzen c dng (C3H4)n, th cng thc phn t ca n l: A) C12H16 B) C6H8 C) C9H12 D) C15H20 E) kt qu khc. D) A v B. E) A v C.

Cu 72: Chn phng n ng nht. phn bit benzen v hexen, ch dng mt ha cht duy nht l: A) dung dch Br2 B) dung dch KMnO4 C) dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Cu 73 : Ngi ta phn bit benzen v toluen bng mt thuc th duy nht l : A) dung dch Br2 B) dung dch KMnO4 D) dung dch Br2 v un nng. E) tt c u sai.
110

D) A v B. E) A v C.

C) dung dch KMnO4 v un nng. Cu 73: Vai tr ca H2SO4 trong phn ng gia benzen v HNO3 l: A) mi trng. B) cht oxi ho. C) cht xc tc. D) tt c u sai.

Cu 75: Phn ng gia HNO3 v benzen l phn ng: A) thun nghch. B) cng. C) oxi ho - kh. D) khng thun nghch.

Cu 76: Kh nng cng H2 ca benzen so vi etilen l: A) nh hn. B) ln hn. C) bng nhau. D) tt c u sai.

Cu 77: Cho nitrobenzen tham gia phn ng th vi brom (c xc tc l bt st v un nng) th sn phm chnh l sn phm m brom th vo v tr: A) ortho. B) para. C) meta. D) ortho v para.

Cu 78: Trong phn t toluen, nhm metyl (- CH3) c nh hng n vng benzen l: A) lm tng mt electron ca nhn benzen. B) lm gim mt electron ca nhn benzen. C) khng nh hng. D) tt c u sai. Cu 79: iu no sau y sai khi ni v benzen ? A) Benzen tc dng vi dung dch nc brom. B) Benzen l dung mi tt cho nhiu cht v c, hu c. C) Benzen nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc. D) Benzen l mt cht lng khng mu, c mi hi thm c trng. E) Benzen c th tham gia cc phn ng cng, th, chy. Cu 80: Hp cht :

C tn gi l : A) initrobenzen. B) o - initrobenzen. C) m - initrobenzen. D) p - initrobenzen.

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Cu 81: Benzen tc dng vi clo theo phn ng cng nu c xc tc l: A) bt Fe v un nng. B) nh sng. C) Na. Cu 82: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v toluen: A) C cng thc tng qut l: CnH2n - 6 (n > 6). B) C cng thc phn t l: C7H8 C) L ng ng ca benzen. D) L mt hirocacbon thm. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 83: Chn phng n ng nht. Toluen ngoi nhng tnh cht ho hc tng t benzen cn c phn ng: A) lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm khi un nng. B) tc dng vi clo vi xc tc l nh sng cho sn phm th nhm metyl. C) phn ng lm mt mu dung dch brom. D) c A v B. E) c A, B, C. Cu 84: Toluen tc dng vi clo c bt Fe lm xc tc cho sn phm: A) C6H5CH2Cl. B) C6H6Cl6 - CH3 C) C6H4Cl CH3 D) C6H4Cl - CH2Cl. E) mt sn phm khc. D) Ni v un nng. E) tt c u ng.

Cu 85: Sn phm ca phn ng gia stiren vi dung dch Br2 l:

Cu 86: Sn phm ca phn ng gia stiren vi H2 (xc tc Ni, t0) l:

112

Cu 87: phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren, ch dng mt ha cht duy nht l: A) dung dch Br2 B) dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. C) HNO3 Cu 88: Chn phng n ng nht. Thnh phn chnh ca du m gm: A) ankan. B) xicloankan. C) men. D) A v C. E) c A, B, C. D) tinh th KMnO4 E) dung dch KMnO4

Cu 89: Xng v du c mi c trng v: A) chng l hp cht thuc loi hirocacbon. B) trong thnh phn c ln tp cht. C) mch cacbon ngn v phn t lng nh. Cu 90: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phng php sau: 1) Chng ct phn on du m di p sut thng. 2) Chng ct phn on du m di p sut cao. 3) Chng ct phn on du m di p sut thp. Cc phng php ch yu ch ho du m l : A) 1, 4, 5, 6. B) 1, 5, 6. C) 2, 4, 6. D) 2, 3, 4, 5. E) Tt c cc phng php trn. 4) Crckinh xc tc. 5) Crackinh nhit. 6) Rifominh. D) d bay hi. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 91: Sn phm chng ct du m p sut thng l: 1) phn on kh v xng. 2) phn on du ho. 3) phn on du iezen. Dy cc sn phm c sp xp theo th t tng dn nhit si l: A) 4, 3, 1, 2, 5. B) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5. C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. D) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. E) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5. 4) phn on du nhn. 5) cn mazut.

Cu 92: Hn hp cc hirocacbon c t 10 n 16 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gi l: A) xng. B) du iezen. C) parafin. D) du ho.
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E) du nhn.

Cu 93: t chy hon ton 1 lt butan, th tch CO2 sinh ra ( cng iu kin ban u) l (lt): A) 4. B) 4,48. C) 5. D) 8,96. E) 22,4.

Cu 94: T khi ca hn hp kh C2H6 v C5H12 i vi hiro l 25. Thnh phn % v th tch ca hn hp l: A) 50 v 50. B) 52 v 48. C) 45 v,55. D) 30 v 70.

Cu 95: 14 gam etilen c th phn ng ti a vi lng tham l (gam): A) 40. B) 80. C) 120. D) 160.

Cu 96 : Hn hp 2 anken th kh c t khi hi i vi H2 l 21. t chy hon ton 5,6 lt hn hp 2 anken (ktc), th th tch CO2 ( ktc) v khi lng nc to ra l : A) 16,8 lt CO2 v 9 gam H2O. B) 2,24 lt CO2 V 18 gam H2O. C) 2,24 lt CO2 v 9 gam H2O. Cu 97: iu ch 10,304 lt C2H2 (ktc) vi hiu sut phn ng 95%, th cn lng can xi cacbua cha 10% tp cht l (gam) : A) 29,44. B) 31,0. C) 34,432. D) 27,968. E) 25,1712. D) 1,68 lt CO2 V 18 gam H2O. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 98: Cho 1,12 gam mt anken phn ng va vi mt lng Br2 trong CCl4 thu c 4,32 gam mt dn xut ibrom. Cng thc ca anken l : A) C3H6 B) C2H4 C) C5H10 D) C6H12 E) kt qu khc.

Cu 99: Nu t khi hi ca mt hirocacbon so vi no l 1,5 th khi lng phn t ca n l: A) 56. B) 42. C) 21. D) 63. E) 84.

Cu 100: iu ch benzen bng cch trime ho 5,6 lt axetilen (ktc) vi hiu sut 100% th lng benzen thu c l (gam) : A) 6,5. B) 26. C) 13. D) 19,5. E) 52.

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VII. NH LUT, HC THUYT, QUY TC C BN V PHN NG TRONG HO HC HU C Cu 1 : Chn phng n ng nht. Nhng lun im c bn ca thuyt cu to ho hc ca But-l-rp l: A) Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo ng ho tr v theo mt th t nht nh. Th t lin kt c gi l cu to ho hc. S thay i th t lin kt , tc l thay i cu to ho hc, s to ra hp cht khc. B) Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cacbon c ho tr 4. Nguyn t cacbon khng nhng c th lin kt vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc m cn lin kt vi nhau thnh mch cacbon. Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t (bn cht, s lng cc nguyn t) v cu to ho hc (th t lin kt cc nguyn t). C) Tnh cht ca cht hu c ch ph thuc vo th t lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. D) A, B. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 2: Cng thc cu to no sai trong cc cng thc cu to sau ?

Cu 3 : Pht biu no sau y ng nht: A) Cc cht c cng cng thc phn t l ng ng ca nhau. B) Cc cht l ng ng ca nhau s c nhit si ging nhau. C) Cc cht c cng cng thc cu to nhng khc nhau v cng thc phn t s l ng ng ca nhau. D) Nhng hp cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 nhng c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau l nhng cht ng ng, chng hp thnh dy ng ng. E) Cc cht khc nhau v thnh phn cc nguyn t trong phn t s l ng ng ca nhau.

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Cu 4: Chn phng n ng nht. Nhng cp cht no sau y l ng ng ca nhau ? A) CH3CH2CH3 v CH3CH2CH2CH3 B) CH3CH2 - O - CH3 v CHCH2CH2OH. C) C2H5NH2 v CH3CH2CH2NH2 D) C A v B. E) c A v C. Cu 5 : Chn phng n ng nht. A) ng phn l nhng hp cht c cng tnh cht ho hc. B) ng phn l nhng hp cht c khi lng phn t bng nhau. C) ng phn l nhng hp cht c cu to ho hc khc nhau. D) Nhng hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng cng thc phn t l nhng cht ng phn. E) Cc cht c cng mt cng thc phn t, nhng c cu to khc nhau nn c tnh cht khc nhau. Cc cht c gi l nhng cht ng phn. Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau:

Dy cc cht ng phn ca nhau l : A) (l) v (2); (4) v (5); (3) v (6). B) (l), (2) v (5); (3), (4) v (6). C) (l) v (2); (3) v (5); (4) v (6). Cu 7: Phn ng ho hc, trong mt hoc mt nhm nguyn t phn t hu c b th bi mt hoc mt nhm nguyn t khc, gi l phn ng: A) cng hp. B) oxi ho. C) trng hp. D) th. theo t l 1:1 v s mol, E) tch loi. D) (l) v (5); (2) v (3); (4) v (6). E) tt c u sai.

Cu 8: Cho brom tc dng vi

trong iu kin xc tc l nh sng th sn phm chnh l:

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Cu 9: Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc ng ng tip theo ca etan tc dng vi thm theo t l 1 : 1 v s mol vi xc tc l nh sng, th sn phm chim u th sn phm m: A) brom hu nh ch th nguyn t hiro cacbon bc cao nht. B) nguyn t brom thay th nguyn t hiro nguyn t cacbon cha nhiu hiro nht. C) nguyn t brom thay th nguyn t hiro nguyn t cacbon u mch. D) brom hu nh ch th nguyn t hiro cacbon cha t hiro nht. E) A hoc D. Cu 10: Butan tc dng vi brom theo t l 1 : 1 v s mol (xc tc l nh sng) th sn phm chnh l: A) CH3 - CH2- CH2- CH2Br. B) CH3 - CHBr - CH2- CH3 C) CH2Br - CHBr - CH2- CH3 Cu 11 : Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng no sau y l phn ng th ? D) CH3- CHBr - CHBr- CH3 E) CH2Br - CH2- CH2- CH2Br.

E) Tt c A, B, C, D. Cu 12: Cho s phn ng sau:

Bit:

X: l hircacbon, trong phn t c 3 nguyn t cacbon.

T l mol ca X v Br2 l 1 : 1 F l axit cacboxylic 2 ln axit.

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Vy X l : A) C3H6 B) C3H8. C) C3H4 D) xiclopropan. E) Cht khc

Cu 13: Nhng hirocacbon mch h c mt ni i trong phn t, gi l: A) ankan. B) ankin. C) benzen. D) xicloankan. E) anken.

Cu 14 : Phn ng cng trong hp cht hu c l: A) phn ng xy ra nhng phn t c cha lin kt i hoc ba. B) phn ng trong tc nhn tn cng vo phn t cht phn ng hnh thnh cht mi. C) phn ng trong hai hay nhiu phn t kt hp vi nhau thnh mt phn t mi. D) phn ng trong mt phn t ny kt hp vi mt phn t khc. E) phn ng trong xy ra s thay i v tr cc lin kt hoc cc nhm nguyn t trong phn t. Cu 15 : Chn pht biu sai. Trong phn ng cng axit hoc nc (k hiu chung l HA) vo lin kt C= C ca anken, hng ch yu ca phn ng l : A) nguyn t hiro ca tc nhn cng vo nguyn t cacbon lin kt i cha nhiu hiro hn. B) phn mang in tch dng ca tc nhn cng vo nguyn t cacbon lin kt i mang mt phn in tch m. C) phn mang in tch m ca tc nhn cng vo nguyn t cacbon lin kt i cha t hiro hn. D) phn mang in tch m ca tc nhn cng vo nguyn t cacbon lin kt i mang mt phn in tch dng. E) phn mang in tch m ca tc nhn cng vo nguyn t cacbon lin kt i cha nhiu hiro hn.

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Cu 16: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phng trnh ho hc tun theo quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp l : A) (2) v (3). B) (2), (3) v (4). C) (l), (3) v (4). Cu 17: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc anken sau, anken khng c ng phn hnh hc l : A) CH2= CH - CH3 B) C2H5 - CH = CH - C2H5 C) CH3[CH2]2CH = CH - CH3 Cu 18: chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc cht sau: (l) CCl3 - CH = CH2 (2) CH2= CH - CHO (3) CH2 = CH - NH3Cl (4) (CH3)2C = CH - CH3 (5) CH2= CH - CH3 D) CH3 - CH2- CH = C(CH3)2 E) C A v D. D) (3) v (4). E) tt c u ng.

Dy cc ch tkhi tham gia phn ng cng hp hirohalogenua, thu c sn phm chnh tri vi quy tc Mac- cp- nhi- cp l: A) (l), (2), (5). B) (l), (3), (4), (5). C) (2), (3). D) (l), (2), (3). E) (l), (2), (3), (4), (5).

Cu 19: Qu trnh trng hp phi hp ca hai hoc nhiu loi monome khc nhau c gi l phn ng: A) polime ho. B) ng trng hp. C) kt hp. D) cng hp. E) c A, B, C, D.

119

Cu 20: Poliisopren c iu ch bng phn ng: A) trng hp 2 - metyl buta -1,3 - ien. B) trng hp 2 - metyl buta - 2 - en. C) ng trng hp isopren vi stiren. D) ng trng hp gia buta - 1, 3 - ien v 2 - metyl buta - 1, 3 - ien. E) trng hp 2 - metyl buta -1- en. Cu 21: Chn phng n ng nht. Nhng cht no sau y c th tham gia phn ng trng hp ?

Cu 22 : Cho cc phn ng sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng oxi ho kh l : A) (l), (2), (3), (4). B) (l), (2), (4), (5). C) (l), (2), (3), (5). E) (l) (2), (3), (4), (5). D) (2), (3), (4), (5).

* Cho cc phn ng sau, c k tr li cu hi 23:

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Cu 23: Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng trng hp l:. A) (l), (2); (5), (6). B) (2), (5), (6). C) (2), (3), (4), (6). E) (l) (2), (3), (5), (6). D) (2), (5).

Cu 24: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng sau:

Dy cc sn phm chnh ca cc phn ng trn l: A) Xl, X3, X5 B) Xl, X4, X6 C) X2, X3, X5 D) X2, X3, X6 E) X1, X3, X6

Cu 25 : Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc phng trnh ho hc sau (ch xt sn phm chnh):

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Theo quy lut thm vng benzen, dy cc phng trnh phn ng sai l : A) (2), (3). B) (2), (3), (5). C) (l), (2), (4). D) (2), (5). E) (2), (3), (4), (5).

Cu 26: Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng tch loi l:

E) tt c cc phn ng trn.

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Cu 27: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng no sau y l phn ng thm ?

E) Tt c cc phn ng trn. Cu 28: Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng chy l:

Cu 29: Cho phn ng este ho sau: ROH + RCOOH H+ RCOOR + H2O. Chn phng n ng nht. Cn bng s dch chuyn theo chiu to este khi : A) cho d ancol hoc axit. B) dng cht ht nc. C) gim nng ancol hay axit. D) chng ct ngay tch este ra. E) c 3 bin php A, B, D. Cu 30: Cho cc cht sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. Nu cho 6 cht trn tham gia phn ng th, th dy cc cht nh hng th vo v tr ortho hoc para l: A) (l), (2), (4), (5) D) (l), (4), (5), (6). E) tt c cc cht trn.
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B) (l), (2), 4), (6).

C) (2), (3), (5).

* Cho cc phn ng sau, c k tr li cc cu hi 31, 32, 33, 34:

Cu 31: Dy gm cc phn ng oxi ho l: A) (l), (3), (6), (8). B) (2), (6), (10), (II). C) (6), (8), (II). Cu 32: Dy gm cc phn ng th l: A) (l), (2), (10), (l l). B) (2), (3), (7). C) (l) (3), (10), (II). Cu 33: Dy gm cc phn ng trng hp l: A) (l), (4), (5), (12). B) (4), (5), (12). C) (5), (7), (9), (12). Cu 34: Dy gm cc phn ng cng hp l: A) (l), (4), (10). B) (l), (4), (5), (9). C) (4), (5), (7), (9), (12). D) (4) (7), (10) (II). E) (8), (10), (II), (12). D) (5), (12). E) (4), (5), (9), (12). D) (7), (9), (10), (12). E) lt c u sai. D) (3), (7), (10), (12). E) tt c u ng.

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Cu 35: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng ? A) Phn ng cng v phn ng trng hp u l s kt hp cc phn t (hoc ion) vi nhau m khng tch ra phn t no khc. B) Phn ng cng l phn ng trong hai hay nhiu phn t kt hp vi nhau thnh mt phn t mi; cn phn ng trng hp l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh khng bo ho ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnh phn t ln. C) Phn ng cng v phn ng trng hp ch xy ra vi cc hirocacbon khng no. D) Phn ng trng hp xy ra trong iu kin nhit , p sut cao v c mt cht xc tc, khng xy ra iu kin thng. Cu 36: Cho s cc phn ng sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc cht u l sn phm chnh ca cc phn ng trn l: A) X1, X4, X5, C) X2, X3, X4, X5 B) X1, X3, X4, X6 D) X2, X3, X5, E) X2, X4, X6

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Cu 37: Cho cc phn ng sau:

Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc cng mt loi l: A) (l), (2), (3). B) (l), (2), (4), (5). C) (3), (5). D) (1), (2) v (4). E) C v D.

Cu 38: Chn phng n ng nht. Polime c th thu c t. A) cc vt liu c trong thin nhin, nh cao su, tinh bt, xenluloz... B) phn ng trng hp hoc trng cng hp. C) phn ng ng trng hp. D) phn ng trng ngng. E) tt c u ng. Cu 39: Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng no sau y l phn ng este ho ?

E) tt c cc phn ng trn. Cu 40: Phn ng c trng nht ca ankan l: A) phn ng oxi ho. B) phn ng cng. C) phn ng trng hp. D) phn ng th. E) phn ng crackinh.

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Cu 41: Trong 5 phn ng sau, chn mt phn ng khc loi vi 4 phn ng cn li:

Cu 42: Chn phng n ng nht. Tnh kh ca anehit th hin qua phn ng no sau y ?

X
Z

+ Cl2 (as)

Cu 43: Cho s phn ng :

+ H2(Ni,t0)

C2H5OH

H2SO4 + HCl

Vy : X, Y, Z ln lt l : A) C2H5OC2H5, C2H6, C2H5Cl. B) C2H5OC2H5, C2H5OH, C2H5Cl. C) C2H4, C2H6, C2H5Cl. D) C2H5OSO3H, C2H4, C2H5Cl. E) tt c u sai. Cu 44: Phn ng c trng nht ca anken l: A) phn ng th. D) phn ng trng hp. B) phn ng oxi ho. E) C v D. C) phn ng cng.

127

Cu 45: Phn ng no sau y l phn ng cng ?

Cu 46: Cho cc cht sau: Xl : CH2= CH2 X2: CH2= C(CH3)2 X3 : C6H5CH = CH X4: CF2 = CF2

X5: CH3 - C - H X6 : CH2= CH - Cl

O

X7: CH3 - C - CH3 Dy cc cht u c th tham gia phn rng trng hp l: A) X1, X2, X4, X5 D) Xl, X2, X3, X4, X6, B) X2, X3, X6, x- E) tt C Cc Cht trn. Cu 47: phn bit metan v etilen, c th dng: A) phn ng oxi ho. D) phn ng trng hp. B) phn ng th. E) tt c cc phn ng trn. C) phn ng cng. Cu 48: Phn ng no sau y l phn ng trng ngng ?

128

Cu 49: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau:

Chn phng n ng nht: Dy cc phn ng thu phn l: A) (l), (2), (5), (7), (9), (10). B) (l), (2); (3), (4), (8). C) (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10). Cu 50: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no l phn ng axit - baz ? D) (2), (3), (5), (10). E) tt c cc phn ng trn.

E) tt c u ng. Cu 51: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no l phn ng hiro ho ?

129

Cu 52: Polivinylancolc th c iu ch bng phn ng:

A) thu phn poli(vinylclorua) trong mi trng kim. B) trng hp ancol vinylic. C) trng ngng etylen glicol. D) thu phn poli(vinylaxetat) trong mi trng axit hoc kim. E) tt c u ng.

130

VIII. HP CHT HU C C NHM CHC 8.1. ANCOL - PHENOL Cu 1 : Chn phng n ng nht. A) Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm hiroxyl (- OH) lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon no. B) Ancol thm l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm hiroxyl (- OH) lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon no ca mch nhnh ca aren. C) Phenol l loi hp cht m phn t c cha nhm hiroxyl (- OH) lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen. D) Bc ancol l bc ca nguyn t cacbon cha nhm hiroxyl (- OH) E) Tt c u ng. Cu 2 : Kt lun no sau y khng ng:

Cu 3 : Mt hp cht c cng thc cu to :

Tn ng ca n theo IUPHC l : A) 2- do -3 - propylpentan -1- o1. B) 3 - propyl - 4 - do - 5 - hiroxipentan. C) 3 - propyl - 4 - clopentan - 5 o1. D) 3 - etyl - 2- clohexan -1- o1. E) 2- clo - 3- etylhexan -1- o1. Cu 4 : Chn phng n ng nht. Glixerol v ancol no, n chc u phn ng vi: A) kim loi kim v axit. D) kim loi kim.
131

B) Cu(OH)2 C) axit. Cu 5: C 4 cht sau

E) kim loi kim, axit, Cu(OH)2

Dy cc cht u b oxi ho bi CuO khi un nng cho sn phm anehit l: A) X1, X2, B) X2, X3 Cu 6: cho cc cht sau: 1) C6H5OH 2) C6H5CH2OH 3) CH3C6H4OH 4) C2H3C6H4OH C) X1, X4 D) X1, X3

Dy cc cht ng ng ca nhau l: A) 1, 2. B) 3, 4. C) 1, 3, 4. D) 1, 3.

Cu 7: Chn phng n ng nht. Etanol c th c iu ch t. A) etilen. B) etyl clorua. C) glucoz. D) c A, B, C.

Cu 8: Phng php iu ch etanol no sau y ch dng trong phng th nghim ? A) Cho etanol tc dng nc c xc tc l H3PO4 v SiO2 3000, 80 atm. B) Choo etanol tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nng. C) Cho etanol tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 m c nhit phng, ri un hn hp sn phm thu c vi nc. D) Ln men glucoz. E) Thu phn dn xut halogen trong mi trng kim.
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Cu 9. Mt ancol no c cng thc thc nghim (C2H5O)n. Cng thc phn t ca ancol l: A) C6Hl5O3 C) C4H10O. E) tt c u sai. B) C4H10O2 D) C6H14O3 Cu 10: Sn phm chnh ca phn ng loi nc ca (CH3)2CH - CHOH CH3) l : A) 2- metylbut -1- en. C) 2- metylbut - 2- en. B) 3 - metylbut -1 - en. D) 3 - melylbut - 2- en. Cu 11: Anken (CH3)2CH - CH = CH2 l sn phm loi nc ca ancol no sau y : A) 2 - metylbutan -1- o1. C) 2- metylbutan - 2 o1. B) 2,2 - imetylpropan - 1 o1. D) 3 - metylbutan - 1 o1. 4H9OH khi tch nc s cho hai olefin ng phn ? Cu 12: ng phn no ca C A) Ancol isobutylic. C) Butan -1 o1. B) 2 - metylpropan - 2 - oi. D) Butan - 2 oi1 Cu 13: Cho cc ancol sau:

Dy cc ancol khi loi nc ch to ra mt anken duy nht l : A) 1, 2, 4, 5. C) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. B) 1. 2, 3, 5. D) 1, 3, 4. 5. Cu 14: Cho s bin ho sau: CaO, t0 C4H10O B. Cht B khng tc dng vi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Vy cng thc cu to ca C4H10O l:

Cu 15: Cho s bin ho: M CaO, t0

+ H2O (OH-, t0)

CH3 - CO - CO CH3.

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Vy cng thc cu to ca M l : A) CH3 - CHOH - CHCl CH3 B) CH3 CHOH - CCl2 CH3 Cu 16: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong phn ng este ho gia ancol v axit cacboxylic cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu to ra este khi : A) gim nng ancol hoc axit. B) cho ancol d hoc axit d. D) chng ct ngay tch este ra. E) c 3 bin php B, C, D. C) CH3 - C = C - CHO D) CHO - CHCl - CHCl CH3

C) dng cht ht nc tch nc. Cu 17: Cho s phn ng :

Vy cng thc cu to ca M1 v M2 ln lt l :

Cu 1 8 : Trong cc cht sau : 1) C2H5OH 2) C6H5CH2OH Dy cc ancol l: A) 1, 2, 4. B) l,3, 4. C) 2, 3. D) 3, 4, 5. 3) C6H5OH 4) C2H4(OH)2 5) NaOH

Cu 19 : Trong cc cht sau, cht no khng thuc dy ng ng ca phenol ? A) o - CH3 C6H4 - OH. B) p - CH3 - C6H - OH. C) m - C2H5 - C6H4 - OH. D) C6H4 - CH2- OH.

* Cho cc cu sau, c k tr li cu hi 20: 1) Phenol c tnh axit mnh hn etanol v nhn benzen ht electron ca nhm -OH bng hiu ng lin hp, trong khi nhm C2H5 - li y electron vo nhm -OH. 2) Phenol c tnh axit mnh hn etanol v c chng minh bng phn ng phenol tc dng vi NaOH cn etanol th khng. 3) Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn axit cacbonic, v sc CO2 vo dung dch C6H5ONa ta s c C6H5OH.
134

4) Phenol trong nc cho mi trng axit lm qu tm ho . Cu 20: Dy cc cu ng nht l: A) 1, 2. B) 2, 3. C) 3, 4. D) 1, 2, 3. E) Tt c u ng.

Cu 21: Sc mt mt lng d CO2 vo dung dch cha CaCl2 v natri phenolat. Sn phm to thnh l: A) Ca(HCO3)2 v Ca(C6H5O)2 B) C6H5OH. C) dung dch Na2CO3 qu bo ho. D) CaCO3

Cu 22: Thuc th duy nht c th dng nhn bit 3 cht lng ng trong 3 l mt nhn: phenol, stiren, ancol benzylic l: A) Na. B) dung dch NaOH. C) dung dch Br2, Cu 23: Cho glixerol tc dng vi Na d, thu c 15,46 lt H2 nhit 370C v p sut 750 mm Hg. Khi lng glixerol phn ng l (gam) : A) 42,3. B) 55,2. C) 36,8. D) 18,4. E) 82,8. D) qu tm. E) thuc th khc.

Cu 24: Cho 1,24 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc tc dng va vi Na thy thot ra 336 ml kh H2 (ktc). Hn hp natri ancolat c to thnh c khi lng l (gam): A) 1,9. B) 2,85. C) 3,8. D) 4,6.

Cu 25: t chy 1 mol ancol no X c phn t khi nh hn 100 u cn 3,5mol O2. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A) C2H6O2 B) C6H10O2 C) C3H8O. D) C3H8O3

Cu 26: t Chy mt ancol hai chc thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol l 2:3. Cng thc phn t ca ancol l: A) C2H6O. B) C3H8O2 D) C4H10O2 C) C2H6O2

Cu 27: Ly 0,1 mol ancol X tc dng vi Na d to 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc t chy X sinh ra CO2 v H2O c t l mol l 3 : 4. Cng thc cu to ca X l:

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Cu 28 : Chia m gam hn hp 2 monoancol no thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 : em t chy hon ton, thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Phn 2: em hirat ha hon ton to ra 2 anken. Nu t chy ht 2 anken ny th khi lng nc thu c l (gam): A) 0,36. B) 0,9. C) 0,2. D) 0,54. E) 1,8.

Cu 29: Tch H2O t 2 ancol ng ng c PTK hn km nhau 28 u, thu c 2 anken th kh. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ancol l : A) CH3OH v C3H7OH. B) C2H4O v C4H8O. C) C3H7OH v C5H11OH. D) C2H5OH v C4H9OH.

Cu 30: un nng mt ancol n chc A vi H2SO4 c iu kin nhit thch hp thu c sn phm B c t khi hi so vi A l 0,7. Cng thc ca A l: A) C3H7OH. B) C2H5OH. C) C3H5OH. D) C4H7OH.

Cu 31: Chia hn hp X gm 2 monoancol thnh 2 phn bng nhau. t chy hon ton phn (l) lo ra 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam H2O. cho phn (2) tc dng ht vi Na thy thot ra V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l (lt): A) 1,12. B) 0,56. C) 2,24. D) 1,16.

8.2. ANEHIT- AXIT CACBOXYLIC - ESTE - LIPIT Cu 1 : Chn phng n ng nht. Axitfomic c th c iu ch trc tip t cht no trong s cc cht sau ?
136

A) CHCl2 B) CH3OH. Cu 2: Trong cc cht sau: 1) CH3 - CH2- CHO 2) CH2= CH - CHO

C) CH4 D) A, B, C u ng.

3) CH3 - CO CH3 4) CH C - CH2OH C) 3, 4. D) 1, 2, 4. E) 1, 2, 3.

Dy cc cht cng H2 (d) c mt xc tc (Ni, t0) cho sn phm ging nhau l : A) 2, 3, 4. B) 1, 2.

Cu 3: Pht biu no sau y lun lun ng ? A) C4H10O l cng thc phn t ca butanol. B) CnH2n+ 2O l cng thc chung ca ancol no, n chc, mch h. C) C6H6O l Cng thc phn t ca phenol. D) Anehit no, n chc, mch h c cng thc chung l CnH2nO (n > l). Cu 4: Chn phng n ng nht.. Elanal c th c iu ch trc tip t cht no trong cc cht sau ? A) C2H2 B) C2H5OH. C) CH3CHCl2 D) c A, B, C.

Cu 5 : Cho cc cht sau : C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C2H2, NaOH, CH3COOCH3. S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l: A) 4. B) 3. C) 2. D) 1.

Cu 6: Phn t axit cacboxylic khng no, hai chc, mch h c mt lin kt i, c nm nguyn t cacbon th c cng thc phn t l: A) C5H6O4 B) C5H8O4 C) C5H10O4 D) C5H8O2 E) C5H10O4,

Cu 7: cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht: A) H2O. B) CH3COOH. C) CH3CH2OH. D) ClCH2COOH. E) CH3CHO.

Cu 8: Cng thc phn t ca mt este l C4H8O2 c gc hirocacbon ca ancol l metyl, th axit to nn este l: A) axit fomic. B) axit axetic C) axit propionic. D) axit oxalic.
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E) axit butiric.

Cu 9: in li ca ba dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M, CH3COOH 0,001 M v HCl 0,1M c xp theo th t tng dn theo dy no sau y? A) CH3COOH 0,1 M < CH3COOH 0,001 M < HCl 0,1 M. B) CH3COOH 0,001 M < CH3COOH 0,1 M < HCl 0,1 M. C) HCl 0,1 M < CH3COOH 0,1 M < CH3COOH 0,001 M. D) CH3COOH 0,001 M < HCl 0,1M < CH3COOH 0,1 M. Cu 10: Cht no sau y khng phi l este ? A) Metyl fomiat. B) Metyl axetat. C) lsoamyl axetat. D) natri elylat.

Cu 11: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to: 1) CH3CH2CH2OH 2) CH3CH2COOH 3) CH3COOCH3 Dy cc cht c th phn ng vi c Na v NaOH l: A) 1, 2, 4. B) 1, 2, 5. C) 1, 2, 3, 4. D) 2. 3, 4. E) 2, 4. 4) o- CH3 C6H4 - OH 5) CH3OCH2CH3

Cu 12: t chy hon ton mt axit cacboxylic, thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Vy axit l A) axit no, hai chc. B) axit vng no. C) axit khng no, n chc. D) axit no, n chc, mch h.

Cu 13: Sn phm thu c khi t chy CH3COONa l: A) Na2O. B) Na2CO3, C) Na. D) NaHCO3

Cu 14: t chy mt anehit thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Anehit l: A) anehit no, n chc, mch h. C) anehit no, hai chc. B) anehit no, n chc. D) anehit vng no, n chc.

Cu 15: Trong cc cht sau, cht khng phn ng vi dung dch nc brom l: A) CH3CHO. B) C6H5OH. C) C2H3COOH. D) C2H5OH.
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Cu 16: Trong cc cht sau, cht khng tham gia phn ng trng bc l: A) HCOOH. B) HCOOC2H5 C) CH3COCH3 D) glucoz.

Cu 17: Dy cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn nhit si l: A) C2H6 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH. B) CH3COOH < CH3CH2OH < CH3CHO < C2H6 C) CH3CH2OH < CH3COOH < C2H6 < CH3CHO. D) C2H6 < C2H5OH < CH3COOH < CH3CHO. Cu 18: Cho 4 hp cht sau:

Nu cho 4 cht trn tham gia phn ng th, dy cc cht u tin xy ra phn ng th v tr mta l: A) 1, 3, 4. B) 1, 2, 3. C) 2, 3, 4. D) 3, 4.

Cu 19: Vi 4 hp cht Cu 18, dy cc cht u tin xy ra phn ng th v tr ortho v para l: A) 1, 2, 3. B) 1, 2. C) 3, 4. D) 2, 3.

Cu 20: Trong cc hp cht sau, cht lm qu tm thnh mu hng l: A) HCOOH. B) CH3CH2OH. C) C6H5OH. D) CH3CHO.

Cu 21: Trong cc hp cht sau, cht c nhit si cao nht l: A) CH3CH2CH2OH. B) CH3CH2CHO. Cu 22: Trong cc cht sau: 1) C2H5OH 2) C2H5Br 3) C6H5OH 4) C2H5 - O - C2H5 5) CH3CHO 6) C6H5COOH C) CH3COCH3 D) CH3CH2COOH.

Dy cc cht khng phn ng vi NaOH l: A) 1, 3, 4, 5. B) 2, 3, 4, 6.

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C) 1, 2, 5, 6.

D) 1, 4, 5.

Cu 23: Este CH3COOC2H3 khng phn ng vi cht no trong cc cht sau ? A) HCl. B) NaOH. C) Dung ch Br2 D) H2 E) Mg(OH)2

Cu 24: C bao nhiu ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C2H4O2 tham gia phn ng trng gng ? A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) Kt qu khc.

Cu 25: Trong cc cht sau, cht thuc loi este l: A) can xi axetat. B) nam phenolat. C) natri fomiat. D) etyl fomiat.

Cu 26: Chn phng n ng nht. Hp cht hu c X khi un nh vi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH d thu c sn phm Y. Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH u c kh v c to ra. Vy, cng thc ca X l: A) HCHO. B) HCOOH. C) HCOONH4 D) c A, B, C u ng.

Cu 27: Axit fomic khng phn ng vi cht no trong cc cht sau ? A) C2H5OH. B) Dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Cu 28: Chn phng n ng nht. Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C3H6O2. X C th l : A) axit no, n chc hoc este no, n chc. B) ancol hai chc cha no c mt lin kt i. C) xeton hai chc. D) anehit no hai chc. Cu 29: Mt axit cacboxylic n chc Z c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Vy, cng thc ca Z l: A) CH3COOH. B) C2H3COOH. C) C2H5COOH. D) C15H3lCOOH. C) Dung dch NH3 D) C6H5OH.

Cu 30: Hn hp A gm hai axit cacboxylic. A cho phn ng trng gng. Cng thc phn t ca hai axit cacboxylic trong A hn km nhau 3 nhm CH2, Axit c khi lng phn t ln hn khi tc dng vi Cl2 c nh sng thu c axit monoclocacboxylic l ch yu.
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Cng thc cu to ca 2 axit l: A) CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. C) HCOOH v CH3CH2CH2COOH.

B) CH3COOH v CH3CH2COOH. D) HCOOH v (CH3)2CHCOOH. Cu 31: phn bit axit axetic v axit acrylic, ch dng mt ha cht duy nht l: A) qu tm. B) nc brom. C) dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. D) Cu(OH)2 E) etanol.

Cu 32: C 3 l mt nhn ng ring bit 3 cht: anehit axetic, axit axetic, glixerol. nhn bit c 3 cht trn, ch cn dng mt thuc th l: A) Cu(OH)2 B) Na. C) qu tm. E) dung dch NaOH.

D) dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH.

Cu 33: Thu phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 vi xc tc axit v c long, thu c hai sn phm hu c X,Y (ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc lip Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Cht X l: A) axit axetic. B) ancol etylic. C) metyl fomiat. D) axit fomic. E) anehit axetic.

Cu 34: Cho cc s chuyn ho sau: C6H8O4(cht A) + NaOH X + Y + Z X + H2SO4 E + Na2SO4 Y + H2SO4 F + Na2SO4 F
H2SO4, 1700C

R + H2O

Bit E v Z u cho phn ng trng gng. R l axit c cng thc C3H4O 2 Cng thc cu to c th c ca A l:

D) c B v C u ng. Cu 35: Cho cc s chuyn ho sau: 1) C3H4O 2 + NaOH M + G 2) M + H2SO4 (long) H + Q 3) M + [Ag(NH3)2]OH E + Ag + NH3 + H2O
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4) G + [Ag(NH3)2]OH F + Ag + NH3 + H2O Chn phng n ng nht. Cng thc ca G v H l: A) CH3CHO v HCOONa. B) HCHO v HCOOH. C) CH3CHO V HCOOH. Cu 36: Cho s bin ho sau: C4H8O2 M M1 M2 C2H6 Chn phng n ng nht. Cng thc cu to ca cc cht M, M1, M2 ln lt l : A) C2H5OH, CH3COOH v CH3COONa. B) C3H7OH, C2H5COOH v C2H5COONa. C) C4H9OH, C3H7COOH v C3H7COONa. D) C2H5OH, C2H5COOH v C2H5COONa. E) C2H5CHO, C2H5COOH v C2H5COOK. Cu 37: Chn phng n ng nht. Cht bo l: A) trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit monocacboxylic c mch cacbon di (thng > C16) khng phn nhnh. B) sn phm ca phn ng gia glixerol vi axit no hoc khng no. C) este ca ancol vi cc axit bo. D) este ca glixerol vi axit cacboxylic. E) tt c u sai. Cu 38: Trong cc cu sau: 1) Cht bo cha ch yu cc gc axit bo khng no thng l cht rn nhit phng. 2) Chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn bng phn ng hiro ho. 3) Cc cht bo u nh hn nc, tan trong nc v cc dung mi hu c. 4) Cht bo cha ch yu cc gc axit bo no thng l cht rn nhit phng. Dy cc cu ng khi ni v tnh cht vt l ca lipit l:
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D) HCHO v CH3CHO. E) HCOONa v HCHO.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4. B) 2, 3, 4.

C) 1, 3, 4. D) 1, 2, 4.

E) l:, 2, 3.

Cu 39: Khi cho glixerol tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit bo n chc khc nhau th, thu c bao nhiu loi cht bo c cu to phn t khc nhau: A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5. E) 6.

Cu 40: Chn phng n ng nht. un nng cht bo vi dung dch NaOH: A) l phn ng thun nghch. B) Thu c glixerol v hn hp mui nam ca cc axit bo. C) Thu c glixerol v hn hp cc axit bo. D) l phn ng mt chiu. E) C B v D. Cu 41: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Phn ng ca cht bo vi kim c gi l phn ng x phng ho. B) Phn ng x phng ho l phn ng thu phn cht bo. C) Phn ng x phng ho l phn ng thu phn cht bo bng NaOH. D) Phn ng x phng ho l dng KOH thu phn hon ton cht bo v trung ho axit t do. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 42: Cht bo l trieste ca: A) glixerol vi cc axit bo. B) glixerol vi cc axit no. C) glixerol vi cc axit khng no. D) glixerol vi cc axit. E) tt c u sai. Cu 43: Trong cng nghip, bin mt s du thnh m rn hoc b nhn to ngi ta s dng phn ng no ca lipit ? A) Phn ng thu phn. C) Phn ng ln men. E) A v B.

B) Phn ng x phng ho. D) Phn ng cng hiro. Cu 44: Lipit thc vt (du thc vt) hu ht trng thi lng, do: A) cha glixerol trong phn t.
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B) cha gc axit bo. C) cha ch yu gc axit bo khng no. E) cha glixerol v axit bo. D) cha ch yu gc axit bo no. Cu 45: Chn phng n ng nht. X phng l : A) hn hp mui kim loi kim ca cc axit bo no. B) hn hp mui kim loi kim ca cc axit bo khng no. C) hn hp mui natri ca cc axit bo. D) hn hp mui kali ca cc axit bo. E) hn hp mui natri (hoc kali) ca cc axit bo. Cu 46: X phng c iu ch bng cch: A) thu phn cht bo trong dung dch kim. B) thu phn cht bo trong dung dch axit. C) phn hu cht bo. D) thy phn cht bo nh men. E) hiro ho cht bo lng (du). Cu 47: Cho mt anehit tc dng vi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH d, thu c kt ta bc. Bit t l mi gia anehit v bc l l: 4. Anehit l: A) anehit no, n chc, mch h. B) anehit no, 2 chc, mch h. C) anehit fomic. D) tt c u sai.

Cu 48: Hn hp X gm 2 anehit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho X tc ng vi H2 d (c Ni lm xc tc) thu c hn hp hai ancol n chc. t chy hon ton hn hp hai ancol ny thu c 6,6 gam CO2 v 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca hai anehit l: A) C3H4O v C4H6O. B) C3H6O v C4H8O. C) C3H4O v C3H6O. D) CH2O v C2H4O.

Cu 49: Chia hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc, mch h thnh 2 phn bng nhau. t chy hon ton phn (1) thu c 0,54 gam H2O. Cho phn (2) tc dng vi H2 (c Ni lm xc tc) to ra hn hp X. t chy hon ton X th th tch CO2 (ktc) thu c l (lits) :
144

A) 0,112.

B) 0,672.

C) 1,68.

D) 2,22.

Cu 50: Hn hp A gm 2 axit cacboxylic n chc thuc cng mt dy ng ng. Cho A bay hi 136,50C trong bnh kn c th tch l 0,56 lt th p sut hi ca A l 1,5 atm. Vy, smol ca hn hp A l: A) 0,15. B) 0,025. C) 0,05. D) 0,25.

Cu 51 : Nng mi ca ion CH3COO - trong dung dch CH3COOH 1,2M l: (Bit in li a ca axit axetic l l,4%). A) 0,0168. B) 0,012. C) 0,014. D) 0,14.

Cu 52: un nng 6 gam CH3COOH vi 6 gam C2H5OH c H2SO4 lm xc tc. Khi lng este to thnh (vi hiu sut 80%) l (gam): A) 7,04. B) 8. C) 10. D) 12.

Cu 53: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X thu c 6,16 gam CO2 v 2,52 gam H2O. Cng thc cu to ca 2 axit l: A) CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. B) C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH. mol X thu c t hn 6 mol CO2. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A) HOOH - CH = CH - COOH. B) CH2= CH - COOH. C) CH3COOH. Cu 55: t chy hon ton mt hn hp hai este (ch cha cc nguyn t cacbon, hng v oxi), ri cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng P2O5 d, bnh (2) ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh (l) tng thm 6,21 gam, bnh (2) thu c 34,50 gam kt ta. Hai este trn thuc loi: A) este no, mch h. B) este khng no, mch h. (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Cng thc cu to ca 2 este l:
145

C) HCOOH v CH3COOH. D) C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.

Cu 54: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt axit cacboxylic X l (CHO). Khi t chy 1

D) C2H5COOH. E) mt kt qu khc.

C) este no, n chc, mch h. D) esle khng no, a chc.

Cu 56: t chy hon ton 7,4 gam hn hp 2 este ng phn, thu c 6,7 lt CO2

A) CH3COOCH3 v HCOOC2H5 B) CH2= CH COOCH3 v HCOOCH2- CH = CH2 C) C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5 D) CH3COOC2H5 v C2H3COOCH3 Cu 57: A l mt dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t C7H9NO2. Khi cho 1 mol A tc dng va vi NaOH ri em c cn thu c 144 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca A l: A) HOC6H4COOH. B) CH3C6H4NO2 C) O2NC6H4CH2OH. D) C6H5COONH4

Cu 58: Ch s axit" l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo. Trung ho 4,2 gam mt cht bo cn 3 ml dung dch KOH 0,1 M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l: A) 16,8. B) 6. C) 4. D) 1,02. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 59: Ch s x phng ho" l s mg KOH cn x phng ho triglixerit v trung ho axil bo t do trong 1 gam cht bo. Khi x phng ho hon ton 25,2 gam mt cht bo cn 90 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s x phng ho ca cht bo l : A) 504. B) 20. C) 200. D) 5:6. E) 2.

IX. CACBOHI RAT Cu l: Trong cc cu sau: 1) Nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c t hai nhm chc tr ln l nhng hp cht c nhiu nhm chc. 2) Nhng hp cht hu c c hai nhm chc tr ln l hp cht tp chc. 3) Nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c hai hay nhiu nhm chc ging nhau l hp cht a chc. 4) Nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c hai hay nhiu nhm chc khng ging nhau l hp cht tp chc. Dy cc cu ng v hp cht hu c c nhiu nhm chc l: A) 1, 2, 3. B) 2, 3, 4. C) 1, 3, 4. D) 1, 2, 4. E) tt c u ng.

* Cho cc hp cht sau, suy ngh k tr li cu hi 2,3.

146

1) HO - CH2- CHOH - CH2OH 2) H2N - CH2- COOH 3) HOOH - [CH2]4 COOH 4) H2N - [CH2]6 - NH2 Cu 2: Dy cc hp cht tp chc l: A) 1, 2, 5. B) 2, 5, 7, 8. C) 3, 4, 5.

5) HO - CH2- CHOH - CHO 6) C6H5 - NH2 7) HO - CH2- CH = CH - COOH 8) HO - C6H4 - COOH

E) 1, 3, 4, 5.

D) 2, 6, 7, 8.. .

Cu 3 : Dy cc hp cht a chc l: A) 1, 5, 7, 8. B) 2, 3, 4, 6. C) 3, 4, 6. D) 2, 6, 7, 8. E) 1, 3, 4.

Cu 4: Chn phng n ng nht: A) Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc: B) Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c c cha nm nhm hiroxyl v nhm cacbonyl. C) Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc m a s chng c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)m D) Cacbohirat l hp cht c cha 5 nhm hiroxyl v mt nhm chc anehit. E) Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc c cha nhiu nhm hiroxyl v c nhm chc anehit. Cu 5: Chn phng n ng. A) Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hiroxicacbonyl. B) Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c c cha nhiu nhm hiroxyl v nhm cacbonyl trong phn t. C) Cacbohirat (hay gluxit, saccarit), l thut ng chung ch nhng hp cht polihiroxicacbonyl. D) Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c do cc monosaccant cu to nn. E) Tt c u ng. * Cho cc hp cht sau, suy ngh tr li cu hi 6, 7, 8. 1) HOCH2- [CHOH]4 - CHO 2) HOCH2- CHOH - CH2OH 4) HOCH2- [CH2]4 - CH2OH 5) HOCH2- [CHOH]4 - OOC - CH2CH3

3) HOCH2- [CHOH]3 - CO - CH2OH

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Cu 6: Dy nhng hp cht hu c tp chc l: A) 1, 2, 3, 4. B) 1, 3, 5. C) 1, 4, 5. D) 3, 4, 5. E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Cu 7: Dy nhng hp cht phn ng c vi Na l: A) 1, 2, 3, 5. B) 2, 3, 4. C) 1, 4, 5. D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. E) 2, 3, 4, 5.

Cu 8: Dy nhng hp cht phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 l: A) 3, 4, 5. B) 1, 2, 3. C) 1, 2, 3, 5. D) 1, 2, 4, 5. E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

Cu 9: Chn phng n ng nht. Trong nhng cht sau: 1) Ancol benzylic. 2) Propanal. 3) Glixerol. 4) Glucoz.

Dy cc cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng to ra este l: A) 2 v 4. B) 2 v 3. C) 1, 2 v 3. D) 3 v 4. E) 1, 3 v 4.

Cu 10: Nhng phn ng ho hc no chng minh rng glucoz l hp cht tp chc? A) Phn ng trng gng v phn ng cho dung dch mu xanh lam nhit phng vi Cu(OH)2 B) Phn ng trng gng v phn ng ln men ru. C) Phn ng to phc vi Cu(OH)2 v phn ng ln men ru. D) Phn ng ln men ru v phn ng thu phn. E) Tt c u sai. Cu 11: C bn cht ng trong bn l mt nhn l etanol, dung dch glucoz, dung dch glixerol, dung dch etanal. Nu ch dng mt ho cht lm thuc th (cc iu kin cn thit coi nh ) nhn bit bn cht trn, th thuc th c chn l : A) Na. B) dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. C) Cu(OH)2 D) dung dch H2SO4

148

Cu 12: Cho cc cht sau:

Dy cc cht tc dng c vi H2 khi c xc tc ni ken v un nng l: A) 2, 4. B) 3, 4. C) 1, 3. D) 1, 2. E) 1, 2, 3, 4. Cu 13: Cho cc cht sau: 1) Glucoz 2) Fructoz 3) Propan - 2- on 4) Axit fomic 5) Mantoz 6) Saccaroz

Dy cc cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l: A) 1, 2,3, 5. B) 1, 5. C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. D) 1, 2, 4, 5. E) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6.

Cu 14: Chn phng n ng nht. Mun bit s c mt ca glucoz trong nc tiu, c th dng thuc th no trong cc thuc th sau ? A) Giy o pH. B) Dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. C) Cu(OH)2 D) c B, C. E) Tt c u ng.

Cu 15: Glucoz c cng thc phn t C6H12O6. Chng minh cu to ca glucoz c nhm chc anehit (- CHO), ngi ta tin hnh phn ng: A) Kh hon ton glucoz cho hecxan. B) Cho glucoz tc dng vi metanol c HCl lm xc tc. C) Cho glucoz tham gia phn ng trng bc. D) Cho glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. E) C B v C. Cu 16:. Chn phng n ng nht. T glucoz c th iu ch. A) etanol. B) sobitol. C) axit gluconic. D) nam gluconat. E) c A, B, C, D.

Cu 17: Glucoz v fructoz l: A) isaccarit. C) ancol v anehit.

149

E) anehit v xeton.

B) ancol v xeton. D) ng phn. Cu 18: Cho 2 s phn ng: Glucoz + X Y Fructoz + X Y X, Y l: A) nc, tinh bt. D) hiro, glucoz. B) hiro, mantoz. E) tt c u sai. C) nc, saccaroz. Cu 19: Chn phng n sai. A) Trong thin nhin glucoz ch tn ti dng a - glucoz. B) Glucoz l hp cht tp chc. C) Glucoz c nhm chc anehit (- CHO) trong phn t. D) Trong dung dch glucoz tn ti c dng mch vng v dng mch h. E) Trong phn t glucoz c 5 nhm hiroxyl (- OH). Cu 20: Cho phn ng: Ni, t0 Glucoz + H2 X Sn phm X l: A) mt ru a chc c 6 nhm hiroxyl (- OH) trong phn t. B) hp cht hu c c cu to dng mch h, phn nhnh. C) hp cht hu c c cu to dng mch vng 6 cnh. D) hp cht hu c c kh nng b oxi ho bi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. E) hp cht hu c d b oxi ho bi ng (II) hiroxit khi un nng. Cu 21: Chn phng n ng nht. Ba l mt nhn ng ring bit cc cht: glixerol, dung dch glucoz v anilin. nhn bit tng cht c th dng thuc th : A) Dung dch brom. C) Axit HCl. E) C A v D. B) Na. D) Dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc cht sau: 1) Glixerol 3) Axit axetic

150

B) ancol v xeton. D) ng phn. Cu 18: Cho 2 s phn ng: Glucoz + X Y Fructoz + X Y X, Y l: A) nc, tinh bt. D) hiro, glucoz. B) hiro, mantoz. E) tt c u sai. C) nc, saccaroz. Cu 19: Chn phng n sai. A) Trong thin nhin glucoz ch tn ti dng a - glucoz. B) Glucoz l hp cht tp chc. C) Glucoz c nhm chc anehit (- CHO) trong phn t. D) Trong dung dch glucoz tn ti c dng mch vng v dng mch h. E) Trong phn t glucoz c 5 nhm hiroxyl (- OH). Cu 20: Cho phn ng: Ni, t0 Glucoz + H2 X Sn phm X l: A) mt ru a chc c 6 nhm hiroxyl (- OH) trong phn t. B) hp cht hu c c cu to dng mch h, phn nhnh. C) hp cht hu c c cu to dng mch vng 6 cnh. D) hp cht hu c c kh nng b oxi ho bi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. E) hp cht hu c d b oxi ho bi ng (II) hiroxit khi un nng. Cu 21: Chn phng n ng nht. Ba l mt nhn ng ring bit cc cht: glixerol, dung dch glucoz v anilin. nhn bit tng cht c th dng thuc th : A) Dung dch brom. C) Axit HCl. E) C A v D. B) Na. D) Dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Cu 22: Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc cht sau: 1) Glixerol 3) Axit axetic

150

2) Etanal

4) Glucoz

Dng thuc th Cu(OH)2 c th nhn bit c : A) 3, 4. B) 2, 3. C) 1, 2, 3. D) 1, 2, 4. E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

Cu 23: Chn phng n ng nht. Cho cc cht sau: 1) Glucoz 2) Axit axetic 3) Etilen glycol 4) Saccaroz

Dy cc ch tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 l: A) 2, 3. B) 1, 2, 3. C) 1, 3. D) 2, 3, 4. E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

Cu 24: phn bit c saccaroz v glucoz c th dng: A) Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng, sau un nng. B) Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng. C) Phn ng este ho. D) Phn ng trng ngng. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 25: Trong cc cht sau: 1) Glucoz 2) Fructoz 3) Saccaroz 4) Tinh bt 5) Tristearin 6) Mantoz

Dy cc cht phn ng vi dung dch axit H2SO4 long khi un nng l: A) 3, 4, 5, 6. B) 1, 3, 4. C) 2, 4, 6. D) 2, 3, 4, 5. E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Cu 26: Khi thu phn saccaroz bng dung dch axit long hoc enzym thu c: A) 2 phn t D - glucoz. B) 2 phn t D - fructoz. E) tt c u sai. Cu 27: Khi thu phn mantoz bng dung dch axit long hoc enzym thu c: A) 2 phn t D - glucolz. C) 1 phn t D - glucoz v 1 phn t D - fructoz. B) 2 phn t D - fryctiz. D) 1 phn t D - glucoz v phn t L - glucoz.
151

C) 1 phn t D - glucoz v 1 phn t D - fructoz. D) 1 phn t D - glucoz v 1 phn t L - fructoz.

E) tt c u sai. Cu 28: Bng phn ng ho hc no c th phn bit c saccaroz v mantoz ? A) Phn ng thu phn. B) Phn ng trng gng. C) Phn ng trng ngng. Cu 29: Chn phng n ng. Saccaroz v mantoz u l: A) monosaccarit. B) ng phn ca nhau. C) polisaccarit. Cu 30: C bao nhiu nhm hiroxyl trong cc phn t saccaroz v mantoz ? A) 4 v 5. B) 5 v 4. C) C hai u c 5 nhm. D) C hai u c 8 nhm. E) Tt c u sai. D) c gc glucoz. E) c gc fructor. D) Phn ng este ho. E) Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng.

Cu 31: Phn t saccaroz c hp bi: A) hai phn t - glucoz. B) mt phn t - glucoz v mt phn t - fructoz. C) hai phn t - fructoz. D) mt phn t - glucoz v mt phn t - fructoz. E) mt phn t - glucoz v mt phn t -fructoz. Cu 32: ngt ca cc cacbohirat c sp xp theo chiu tng dn theo dy no sau y ? A) Glucoz < saccaroz < mantoz < fructoz. B) Mantoz < glucoz < saccaroz < fructoz. C) Glucoz < mantoz < saccaroz < fructoz. D) Saccaroz < glucoz < mantoz < fructoz. E) Fructoz < glucoz < mantoz < saccaroz. Cu 33: Chn phng n ng nht. Saccaroz c kh nng phn ng vi: A) Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. B) dung dch vi sa. D) H2SO4 c E) c A, B, C, D.
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C) H2O (xc tc l H +, hoc enzim). Cu 34. Chn phng n ng nht. Mantoz c tnh cht ho hc khc vi saccaroz l: A) c phn ng thu phn. D) phn ng mu vi dung dch iot. B) B) oxi ha bi Cu(OH)2 E) c B v C. C) c phn ng trng bc. Cu 35: Khi thu phn n cng tinh bt v xenluloz trong axit v c long ta thu c: A) glucoz. C) saccaroz. E) tt c u ng. B) fructoz. D) mantoz. Cu 36: Cho qu trnh chuyn ho sau: (3) Etanol. Kh cacbonic v nc (1) Tinh bt (2) Glucoz Cc phn ng (l), (2), (3) ln lt l: A) phn ng thu phn, phn ng quang hp, phn ng ln men ru. B) phn ng quang hp, phn ng thu phn, phn ng ln men ru. C) phn ng thu phn, phn ng quang hp, phn ng oxi ho. D) phn ng quang hp, phn ng tch nc, phn ng ln men ru. E) phn ng quang hp, phn ng thu phn, phn ng trng gng. Cu 37: Cho cc phn ng sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. Phn ng thu phn l: A) phn ng (l). C) phn ng (3). E) phn ng (l), (2) v (3). B) phn ng (2). D) phn ng (2) v (3). Cu 38: Mlng chui xanh tc dng vi dung dch iot cho mu xanh l do n c cha: A) glucoz. C) tinh bt. E) protein. B) saccaroz. D) xenluloz.

153

Cu 39: Cho cc cng thc : 1) [C6H5(OH)5]n 2) [C6H7O2(OH)]n

Cng thc phn t ca xenluloz l: A) 1. B) 2. C) c 1 v 2. E) tt c u sai.

D) tu tng trng hp.

Cu 40: Tinh bt l hn hp ca cc: A) Amiloz. B) amilopectin. C) Amiloz v amilopectin. D) glucoz v amino axit. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 41: Phn ng mu vi I21 phn ng c trng ca: A) xenluloz. B) saccaroz. C) tinh bt. D) glixerol. E) aminoaxil.

Cu 42: Tnh cht chung ca tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz l u c kh nng tham gia: A) phn ng trng gng. B) phn ng kh bi Cu(OH)2 C) phn ng thu phn. Cu 43: iu ch etanol t xenluloz, c th dng phng php: A) thu phn v ln men ru. B) ln men ru. C) thu phn thnh mantoz ri ln men ru. D) chng g trong ni kn. E) tt c u ng. Cu 44: Cht no sau y c kh nng tham gia phn ng thu phn trong dung dch kim ? A) Glucoz. B) Lipit. C) Fructoz. D) Polipropilen. E) Xenluloz. D) phn ng trng ngng. E) tt c u ng.

Cu 45: Chn phng n sai. A) Xenluloz c trong thnh phn thc vt. B) Xenluloz l polime thin nhin. C) V cu to xenluloz ging amllopeclin. D) Xenluloz dng sn xut ancol etyhc, t si, thuc sng...
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E) Xenluloz c nhiu trong bng (95 - 98 %), ay, gai, tre, na, g... Cu 46: Cng thc phn t ng nht ca xenluloz l: A) (C6H10O5)n B) [C6H5(OH)5]n C) C6nH10nO5n Cu 47: Cho cc hp cht sau : 1) Glucoz 2) Saccaroz 3) Mantoz 4) Tinh bt 5) Xenluloz D) [C6H7O2(OH)3]n E) [C6H8O3(OH)2]n

Dy cc hp cht tham gia phn ng trng bc l : A) 1, 2, 3. B) 1, 3. C) 1, 2. D) 2, 3, 4. E) 1, 3, 5.

Cu 48: Chn phng n ng nht: Trong cc hp cht sau: 1) Glixerol 2) Glucoz 3) Fructoz 4) Saccaroz 5) Mantoz 6) Tinh bt 7) Xenluloz

Dy cc hp cht tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cho dung dch mu xanh lam l : A) 1, 2, 4. B) 1, 2, 3, 4. C) 1, 2, 4, 6, 7. D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. E) 1, 2, 3,, 6.

Cu 49: Chn phng n ng nht: Tinh bt b thu phn thnh glucoz trong iu kin : A) un nng tinh bt vi nc trong mi trng axit v c long B) un nng tinh bt vi nc p sut cao. C) thu phn tinh bt trong mi trng axit v c long, hoc nh cc enzim. D) un nng tinh bt vi dung dch kim. E) iu kin khc. Cu 50: C ba ng nghim khng nhn, cha ring bit ba dung dch: glucoz, h tinh bt, glixerol. Hy chn thuc th trong mt phng n nhn bit c c ba dung dch trn. A) Dung dch iot. B) Dung dch iot v dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH.
155

D) Dung dch axit. E) Kim loi Na.

C) Dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Cu 51 : Chn phng n sai. A) Tinh bt l nhng polime thin nhin do nhiu mt xch - glucoz hp li v c cng thc (C6H10O5)n B) Amiloz l polime c mch xon l xo, khng phn nhnh. C) Tinh bt l hn hp ca hai loi polisaccarit l Amiloz v amilopectin. D) Phn t Amiloz c cu to bi cc gc a - glucoz. E) Amilopectin l polime c mch xon l xo, khng phn nhnh, c cu to bi cc Amiloz. Cu 52: Trong cc cht sau: 1) Saccaroz 2) Tinh bt 3) Glucoz 4) Xenluloz 5) Mantoz 6) Fructoz

Dy cc cht co phn ng thu phn l: A) 1, 2, 3. B) 2, 4. C) 1, 2, 4. D) 1, 2, 4, 5. E) 1, 2, 3, 6.

Cu 53: T axetat c iu ch t hai este ca xenluloz. Cng thc phn t ca hai este l:

Cu 54: Tnh cht ho hc chung ca mantoz, xenluloz v tinh bt l: A) khi thu phn trong dung dch axit cho sn phm cui cng l glucoz. B) phn ng trng bc. C) phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 D) phn ng mu vi dung dch iot. E) phn ng vi axit nitric. Cu 55: Chn phng n ng. A) Saccaroz c dng sn sut glucoz trong cng nghip. B) Glucoz v fructoz c sinh ra trong qu trnh thu phn saccaroz.
156

C) Glucoz v saccaroz c sinh ra khi thu phn tinh bt. D) Xenluloz l nguyn liu sn xut glucoz lm thc n c gi tr cho ngi. E) Tinh bt l nhng polime mch khng gian. Cu 56: C ba l mt nhn cha ba cht ring bit l: tinh bt, saccaroz v mantoz. Nu ch dng mt ho cht lm thuc th (cc iu kin cn thit coi nh ) nhn bit ba cht trn, th thuc th c chn l : A) Cu(OH)2 B) dung dch I2 C) dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH. D) dung dch brom. E) HNO3

Cu 57: Tinh bt v xenluloz khc nhau v: A) thnh phn phn t. B) tan trong nc. C) cu trc mch phn t. Cu 58: Cho 1 kg glucoz v 1 kg tinh bt. T nguyn liu no c th iu ch c nhiu etanol hn (gi thit hiu sut l 100%) ? A) 1 kg glucoz. B) 1 kg tinh bt. C) Khng xc nh c. Cu 59 : t chy hon ton 1,35 gam mt cacbohirat, thu c 1,98 gam CO2 v 0,81 gam H2O. T khi hi ca cacbohirat ny so vi hai l 45. Cng thc phn t ca cacbohirat ny l: A) C6H12O6 B) (C6H12O6)n C) C12H22O11. D) (C6H10O5)n E) kt qu khc. D) Tu tng phng php iu ch. E) C A v B u nh nhau. D) phn ng thu phn. E) phn ng trng gng.

Cu 60: un nng dung dch cha 6,75 gam glucoz vi dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH d. Khi lng bc kim loi thu c l (gam): A) 4,05. B) 13,5. C) 8,1. D) 8,7. E) kt qu khc.

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X. AMLN, AMINO AXIT, PROTEIN Cu 1 : C bao nhiu ng phn quan ng vi cng thc phn t C3H9N ? A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5:

Cu 2: Cho cc cht sau: I) CH3NH2 2) CH3 - NH - C2H5 3) CHO - NH - CO - CH3 4) H2N - [CH2]2 - NH2 Dy cc amin l : A) 1, 2, 5. B) 1, 5, 8. C) 1, 2, 4, 5, 8. D) 3, 6, 7. E) tt c u l quan. 5) C6H5N(CH3)2 6) H2N - CO - NH2 7) CHO - CO - NH2 8) P - CHO - C6H4 - NH2

Cu 3: Cht no trong cc cht sau y c tnh baz mnh nht ? A) NH3 B) CH3CONH2 C) CH3CH2NH2 D) CH3CH2CH2OH.

Cu 4: Cc amin c sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh baz theo dy no sau y ? A) (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2 B) (CH3)2NH > C6H5NH2 > NH3 > CH3NH2 C) NH3 > CH3NH2 > C6H5NH2 > (CH3)2NH. D) NH3 > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N > (CH3)2NH. Cu 5: Dy ancol v quan no sau y cng bc ? A) (CH3)3C - OH v (CH3)3C - NH2 B) C6H5 - NH - CHO v C6H5 - CHOH - CH3 C) C6H5CH2OH v (C6H5)2NH. D) (CH3)2CH - OH v (CH3)2cCH - NH2 Cu 6: S ng phn ca cc amino axit c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N v C4H9O2N ln lt l: A) 3 v 4. B) 2 v 5. C) 3 v 5. D) 2 v 4. E) tt c u sai.

158

Cu 7: Trong cc dung dch sau, dung dch no lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh:

Cu 8: Cho cc cht sau:

Dy cc cht lng tnh l: A) 1, 3. B) 3, 4. C) 1, 2, 4. D) 1, 3, 4. E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

Cu 9: Trong cc cht sau: 1) H2N - CH2- COOH 2) CH3 - NH2 3) C6H5OH 4) CH3OH

Dy cc cht c kh nng th hin tnh baz l: A) 1, 3. B) 2, 4. C) 1, 2. D) 1, 2, 3. E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

Cu 10: Cc phn t amino axit c th tc dng ln nhau do: A) amino axit l cht lng tnh. B) amino axit cha mt nhm chc cacboxyl (- COOH) v mt nhm chc amino (- NH2), C) nhm cacboxyl ca phn t ny tc dng vi nhm amino ca phn t kia. D) c lin kt peptit to ra. E) tt c u ng. Cu 11: Amino axil c kh nng tham gia phn ng este ha v: A) amino axit l cht lng tnh. B) amino axit cha nhm chc amino. C) amino axit cha nhm chc cacboxyl.
159

D) A v C. E) tt c u sai.

Cu 12: Cc amino axit c cng thc tng qut l: H2N - [CH2]n - COOH (n 1, nguyn) th khi lng phn t ca n l mt s: A) lun chn. B) lun l. C) tu tng trng hp. D) a s chn. E) a s l.

Cu 13: Khi thu phn n cng protein thu c cc cht: A) - Glucoz v - Glucoz. B) amin. C) axit. D) aminoaxit. E) B v C.

Cu 14: Trong cc dung dch sau, dung dch no lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu xanh? A) C6H5NH2 B) CH3NH2 C) NH2 - CH2- COOH. D) CH3 - CO - NH2

Cu 15: Trong dung dch, axit aminoaxetic tn ti dng: A) H2N - CH2- COOH. B) H2N - CH2- COOC) H3N+ - CH2COOH. * C 5 Cht ng trong 5 l ring bit sau y, c k tr li cu hi 16, 17: D) H3N+ - CH2- COOE) H3N - CH2- COO-.

Cu 16: Khi cho qu tm vo cc l trn, d on no sau y ng nht ? A) L 1 khng i mu. B) L 4 v 5 i thnh mu . C) L 2 v 3 i thnh mu xanh. D) L 2, 3 v 5 khng i mu. E) C A, B, C u ng. Cu 17: Dy cht gm cc amino axit l: A) 1, 2, 4. B) 1, 2, 3, 4. C) 2, 3. D) 1, 3, 5.
160

E) 4, 5.

Cu 18: Chn phng n sai. A) Protein l thnh phn c bn ca nguyn sinh cht ca t bo. B) Protein ch c trong c th ng vt. C) Ngi v ng vt khng th tng hp protein t hp cht v c. D) Protein l hp cht cao phn t thin nhin c cu to phc tp. E) C th coi phn t protein gm cc mch di polipeptit hp thnh. Cu 19: Cho dy bin ho sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. A2 v A3 l cc cht:

* Cho cc cht sau, suy ngh tr li cu hi 20:

Cu 20: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v cc hp cht trn. A) Cc cht 1,3 khng phi l amino a xt. B) Cc cht 5, 2, 4, 6 l amino axit. C) Cc cht 1, 3 phn ng c vi axit, khng phn ng c vi baz. D) Cc cht 5, 2, 4, 6 l hp cht lng tnh. E) C A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 21: Khi un nng dung dch protein, xy ra hin tng no trong cc hin tng sau ?
161

A) ng t. B) Tan tt hn. C) Bin i mu ca dung dch. D) C kh khng mu bay ra. E) Khng nh hng g. Cu 22: Trong nhng tnh cht vt l sau: 1) D tan trong nc 2) Cht kt tinh 3) Mu trng 4) Mi c trng 5) V hi ngt 6) Khng tan trong nc 7) Mu vng 8) Dn in

Dy cc tnh cht vt l ca amino axit l: A) 1, 3, 5, 7. B) 2, 3, 6, 8. C) 1 2, 5, 8. Cu 23: Hp cht sau c my nhm lin kt peptit: D) 1, 5, 6, 7, 8. E) 2, 5, 6, 7.

Cu 24: Khi thu phn hon ton hp cht Cu -23 thu c my amino axit ? A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5. E) Khng thu c amino axit no.

Cu 25: Chn phng n ng nht. Axit amino axetic tc dng c vi cht no trong cc phng n sau ? A) Cu(OH)2 B) NaOH. C) HCl. E) c A, B, c, D.

D) CH3OH c mt HCl.

Cu 26: Lin kt gia nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino trong polipeptit c gi l: A) lin kt cng ho tr. B) lin kt tn. C) lin kt peptit. Cu 27: Ba ng nghim mt nhn ng ring bit 3 dung dch: D) lin kt hiro. E) lin kt cho nhn.

162

 nhn bit 3 dung dch trn, ch dng mt thuc th l : A) dung dch HCl. B) dung dch NaOH. C) Na2CO3 Cu 28: C bao nhiu ng phn amino axit c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh ng vi cng thc phn t C5H11O2N: A) 6. B) 5. C) 4. D) 3. E) 2. Cu 29: Dy cc cht c sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh baz l : A) H2N- CH2- COOH > Cl- H3N+ - CH2- COOH > H2N - CH2- COONa. B) H2N- CH2- COOH > H2N - CH2COONa > Cl- H3N +- CH2COOH. C) H2N CH2- COONa > Cl H3N +- CH2- COOH > H2N CH2- COOH. D) Cl- H3N+ - CH2- COOH > H2N - CH2 - COONa > H2N- CH2- COOH. E) H2N - CH2 - COONa > H2N- CH2- COOH > Cl- H3N+- CH2- COOH. Cu 30: t Chy hon ton 6,2 gam mt monoamin no cn va 10,08 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc ca amin l: A) C2H5NH2 B) CH3NH2 C) C3H7NH2 D) C4H9NH2 D) qu tm. E) dung dch phenolphtalein.

Cu 31: Cho 20 gam hn hp gm 3 monoamin no k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 1M. C cn dung dch thu c 31,64 gam hn hp mui. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l (ml): A) 100. B) 16. C) 32. D) 320.

Cu 32: Chn phng n ng nht. t chy mt monoamin no thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol l 2:3. A min c thm: A) triMetylamin. B) metyletylamin. C) propylamin. D) tt c u ng. mch cacbon, thu c

Cu 33: t chy hon ton mt monoamin c 1 lin kt CO2 v H2O c t l mol l 8 : 9. Cng thc phn t ca amin l: A) C3H6N. B) C4H8N. C) C4H9N. D) C3H7N.

Cu 34. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 monoamin no k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol l 1 : 2. Cng thc ca 2 amin l: A) C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2 C) CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2
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B) C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2

D) C4H9NH2 v C5H11NH2

Cu 35: Hp cht A cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N. Khi lng phn t ca A l 89 u. t chy 1 mol A thu c hi nc, 3 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol N2, cng thc phn l ta A l: A) C3H7O2N2 B) C2H5O2N2 C) C3H7ON2 D) C3H7O2N. E) C2H5O2N.

Cu 36: A l mt amino axit. Cho 0,01 mol A tc dng vi dung dch HCl, ri c cn thu c 1,835 gam mui khan. Phn t khi ca A l: A) 98. B) 147. C) 118. D) 131. E) kt qu khc.

Cu 37: Bit X v Y c cng cng thc phn t ca cht A Cu 36. X l - amino axit, Y l mui. Vy cng thc cu to ta X v Y l:

E) kt qu khc. Cu 38: A l mt - amino axit no ch cha mt nhm cacboxyl v mt nhm amino. Cho 15,1 gam A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d ta thu c 18,75 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca A l:

164

XI. I CNG V POLIME, CC VT LIU POLIME Cu l: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v polime: A) L nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln. B) L nhng hp cht c to thnh do nhiu n v nh gi l mt xch lin kt vi nhau to nn. C) L nhng cht c tng hp t cc phn ng trng hp. D) L nhng cht c tng hp t cc phn ng trng ngng. E) C A, B, C v D. Cu 2: Chn phng n ng nht khi ni v tnh cht vt l ca cc polime: A) Hu ht l nhng cht rn, khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh. a s khng tan trong cc dung mi thng thng, c polime khng b ho tan trong bt k cht no. B) Tu theo cu trc ca polime m mt s c tnh cht n hi; mt s c th ko thnh si, bn, rt dai; mt s c tnh bn c hc cao. Nhiu polime c tnh do, cch in, cch nhit, hoc bn dn... C) C polime trong sut m khng gin... D) A v B. E) C A, B v C. * Cho cc cht sau, c k tr li cu hi 3: 1) Tinh bt 2) Xenluloz 3) T nilon - 6,6 4) Thch anh 5) Tristearin 6) K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3,n H2O

Cu 3: Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc polime l: A) 1, 2, 5. B) 3, 4, 5. C) 1, 2, 3, 4. D) 3, 4, 5, 6. E) 2, 3, 4, 6.

Cu 4: Chn phng n ng nht trong cc phng n sau: A) Cao su l nhng vt liu polime c tnh n hi. B) Cao su t nhin n hi hn v bn hn cao su nhn to. C) Cao su khng tan trong nc v cc dung mi khc. D) Cao su n hi trong mi iu kin v nhit .
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E) C A, B, C, D. Cu 5: Cc polime c th c my loi cu trc ? A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) 5. Cu 6: Chn phng n ng. A) H s polime ho l s monome lin kt li vi nhau thnh polime. B) H s polime ho khng ph thuc vo iu kin trng hp. C) C th xc nh c chnh xc khi lng phn t ca polime. D) Trong cng iu kin phn ng h s polime ho l nh nhau. Cu 7 : Trong cc cht sau, cht khi trng hp cho PVC l: A) CH2= CH2 C) CF2 = CF2 E) CH2= CCl2 B) CH2= CHCl. D) CHCl = CHCl. Cu 8: Cho polime c cu to nh sau:

Monome no di y c dng iu ch polime trn:

Cu 9: Cho s phn ng sau: t0 X Y + H2 Y+G H

xt,t0

H + O2 F+Y

xt

F K

xt

nK

Trng hp xt, t , P
0

Poli(vinyl axetat).

X l : A) etanol. C) propan. E) metanal. B) etan. D) metan. Cu 10: Nilon - 6,6 c iu ch t phn ng: A) trng ngng. D) cng hp.

166

B) trng hp. C) trng cng hp.

E) th.

Cu 11 : Trong cc cp monome sau, cp no c dng iu ch nilon- 6,6 ? A) H2N - CH2- COOH v HOOC - [CH2]4 - COOH. B) H2N - CH2- CH2- NH2 v HOOC - [CH2]4 - COOH. C) H2N - [CH2]6 - NH2 v HOOC - [CH2]4 - COOH. D) H2N - [CH2]6 - COOH v HOOC - CH2 - COOH. E) H2N - [CH2]4 - COOH v HOOC - [CH2]6 - COOH. Cu 12: Trong cc polime sau, polime c cu trc mch khng phn nhnh l: A) rezit. B) amilopectin. Cu 13: Cho cc cht sau: 1) Xenluloz, tinh bt, protein 2) Saccaroz 3) Mantoz 4) Cao su buna C) poli(vinyl clorua). D) Cao su lu ho. E) glicogen.

Dy cc cht c th tham gia phn ng thu phn l: A) 1, 2. B) 1, 3. C) 2, 3. D) 1, 2, 3. E) 1, 3, 4.

Cu 14: Tinh bt thu phn n cng cho: A) fructoz. B) glucoz. C) mantoz. D) saccaroz. E) glucoz v fructoz.

Cu 15: Poli(metylmetacrylat) c iu ch t monome no trong cc monome sau ?

CH3 B) CH3 CH = C COOCH3 CH3 C) CH2= C OOCCH3 Cu l6: Poli (phenolfomanehit) c iu ch t phn ng: A) cng hp gia phenol vi fomanehit.
167

E) Tt c u sai.

B) ng trng hp gia phenol vi fomanehit. C) trng ngng gia phenol vi fomanehit. D) trng hp gia phenol vi fomanehit. Cu 17: Cao su buna - S c iu ch t phn ng: A) ng trng hp gia buta - 1,3 - ien vi stiren. B) cng hp gia buta - 1,3 - ien vi stiren. C) trng hp gia buta - 1,3 - ien vi lu hunh. D) trng cng hp gia ma - 1,3 - ien vi stiren. E) tt c u sai. Cu 18: Cht no sau y c dng lm cht xc tc iu ch cao su buna ? A) AlCl3 B) Mn2+. C) CuCl v NH4Cl. D) Fe. E) Na.

Cu 19: Cho s chuyn ho sau:

X l: A) etan. B) etilen. Cu 20: Cho 2 monome: C) etanal. D) axetilen. E) etanol.

Sn phm ca phn ng ng trng hp 2 monome trn l:

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Cu 21: Trong cc cu sau: 1) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l nhng polime thin nhin c cng thc phn : t l (C6H10O5,)n 2) Khi git qun o c lm t nilon, len, t tm bng x phng c kim cao th qun o d b hng. 3) phn bit da tht v da nhn to ta dng cch t. 4) T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch t phn ng trng hp caprolactam. 5) T gm 2 loi: t thin nhin v t ho hc. 6) T poliamit rt bn c hc, bn vi nhit v vi axit hoc kim. Dy cc cu ng l:
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A) 1, 2, 4, 5. B) 1, 3, 4, 6. Cu 22: Cho 4 cht sau:

C) 1, 2, 3, 5. D) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6.

E) tt c u ng.

Cht c th tham gia phn ng thu phn trong mi trng kim l : A) 1, 2, 3. B) 2, 4. C) 3. D) 1. E) 2, 3.

Cu 23: Trong mi mt xch glucoz ca phn t xenluloz c bao nhiu nhm hiroxyl ? A) 5. B) 3. C) 7. D) 9. E) 2.

Cu 24: Cao su lu ho c cu to nh th no trong cc cu to sau? A) Mch khng phn nhnh. B) Mng li khng gian. C) Mch phn nhnh. Cu 25: Trong cc hp cht sau: 1) Tinh bt 2) Xenluloz 5) T ng - amoniac 6) T visco 8. T nitron 9. T nilon - 6,6 10. T nilon - 6 D) Mch vng. E) Mt dng cu trc khc.

3) Cao su thin nhin 7) T enany 4) T 1apsan.

Dy cc cht l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng l: A) 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9. B) 1, 2, 4, 8, 10. C) 4, 5, 6, 8, 9. Cu 26: Cho cc polime sau: 1) Polietilen 2) Poli(vinyl clorua) 4) Nha novolac 5) Xenluloz iaxetat
170

D) 4, 7, 9, 10. E) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10.

3) Polistiren

6) Cao su buna

Dy cc polime c dng lm cht do l : A) 1, 2. B) 1, 2, 3, 4. Cu 27: Cho cc cu sau: 1) Polime dng sn xut t phi c mch khng phn nhnh, xp song song, khng c, c kh nng nhum mu. . . 2) T nhn to l loi c iu ch t nhng polime tng hp nh: t capron, t clorin.. . 3) T visco, t axetat u l loi t thin nhin. 4) Cc polime u c tnh do nn dc dng lm cht do. 5) T poliamit ch c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng. 6) T poliamit c cha nhm chc qut trong phn t. 7) Cc polime c vng benzen u bn trong mi trng axit v bn hn cc polime khng c vng benzen. Dy cc cu ng l: A) 1, 6. B) 1, 2, 4, 5. Cu 28: Trong cc t sau: 1) Si bng 2) T tm 3) Len 4) T visco 7 5) T enan 6) T axetat ) T nilon - 6,6 C) 2, 3, 6, 7. D) 1, 6, 7. E) tt c u ng. C) 1, 2, 5, 6. D) 3, 4. E) 1, 3.

Dy nhng t c ngun gc xenluloz l: A) 1, 2, 3, 7. B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Cu 29: Cho cc cu sau: 1) H s trng hp l s lng n v mt xch monome trong phn t polime, h s trng hp c th xc nh c mt cch chnh xc. 2) Do phn t khi ln hoc rt ln, nhiu polime khng tan hoc kh tan trong cc dung mi thng thng. 3) Tt c cc polime u c 3 loi cu trc. 4) Thu tinh hu c l polime c dng mch phn nhnh.
171

C) 1, 4, 5. D) 1, 5, 6, 7.

E) 1, 4, 6.

5) Tt c cc polime u bn, dai. 6) Tt c cc polime u khng bn trong axit v kim. Dy cc cu ng l: A) 1, 2, 3. B) 1, 5, 6. C) 1, 2, 4, 5. D) 1, 2, 4. E) 2, 3, 6.

Cu 30: Poli(vinylaxetat) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp ca monome no sau y ? A) CH2- CH - COOCH3 B) CH2= CH - COOH. C) CH2= CH - COOC2H5 Cu 31: Cho cc hp cht sau: 1) Poliaminoaxetic 2) Xenluloz 3) Cao su buna 4) Policloropren : 6) Poli(vinylaxetat) D) CH2= CHCl. E) CH2= CH - OOCCH3

Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc hp cht c th b thu phn l: A) 1, 2, 3. B) 1, 2, 4. C) 1, 2, 6. D) 3, 5, 6. E) 2, 4, 6.

Cu 32: Cht xc tc trong phn ng trng ngng gia phenol v fomanehit l: A) dung dch axit, d phenol. B) Na. C) dung dch baz, d fomanehit. Cu 33: Cao su buna - N c iu ch t phn ng ng trng hp gia hai monome no sau y ? D) mt s bt kim loi: Ni, Pt,Cu... E) A v C.

172

Cu 34: Trong cc polime sau:

Dy cc polime c iu ch t phn ng ng trng hp l : A) 1, 3. B) 2, 5. C) 3, 4. D) 1, 2, 5. E) 2, 3, 4.

Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ho sau : X l : A) etan. B) propan. C) axit fomic. D) metan. E) etanol.

Cu 36: iu no sau y ng nht khi ni v cao su: A) Cao su l loi vt liu polime c tnh n hi. B) Cao su l hp cht hirocacbon. C) Cao su l hp cht khng no. D) Cao su c trng hp t buta - 1,3 - ien c xc tc l natri. E) C A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 37: Cho cc ha cht sau: 1) H2 (Ni,t0) 2) Dung dch brom 3) Cu(OH)2 4) [Ag(NH3)2]OH
173

5) Lu hunh

Ha cht m cao su buna c th tc dng l : A) 1, 2. B) 2, 5. Cu 38: Cho cc hp cht sau: 1) CH2= CH2 2) CH - CH 3) CH3- CHO Dy cc hp cht c th tham gia phn ng trng hp l: A) 1, 2, 4, 5. B) 1, 2. Cu 39: Cho cc phn ng sau: C) 1, 4. E) 1, 2, 5. D) 1, 2, 4. 4) CH2= O 5) CH3COOH C) 3, 4. E) 5. D) 1.

Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng trng ngng l: A) 1, 2, 3. B) 2, 3, 4. C) 2, 3. D) 3, 4. E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

Cu 40: Trong cc t sau, t no khng phi l t nhn to ? A) T visco. B) T xenluloz axetat. C) T poli amit. Cu 41: Chn phng n ng nht. A) Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln. B) Polime do nhiu n v nh gi l mt xch lin kt vi nhau to nn. C) C polime thin nhin v polime tng hp. D) Polime c cu trc dng mch khng phn nhnh, dng mch phn nhnh v dng mng li khng gian.
174

D) T ng - amoniac. E) A, B v D.

E) C A, B, C, D u ng. Cu 42: T axetat c iu ch bng cch no trong cc cch sau ? A) Ho tan xenluloz axetat vo axeion, nn cho dung dch chy qua l nh, vo gp khng kh nng, axeion bay hi, c t axetat. B) Ho tan xenluloz vo dung dch Svaygi, ri cho dung dch chy qua l nh cha dung dch axit long, c t axetat. C) Theo s : CS Xenluloz NaOH t axetat.
2

H2SO4

xenluloz kim

xenluloz xantogenat

D) A v B. E) C A, B, C. Cu 43: Qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc, gi l phn ng: A) trng hp. D) kt hp. B) trng ngng. E) trng cng hp. C) cng hp. Cu 44: Cho polime sau:

Monome cu to nn Poltme trn l:

Cu 45: Cho 2 polime sau: 1) (-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-O-)n 2) (-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-O-)n Cc momome cu to nn cc polime (1) v (2) l: A) HCHO v HO - CH2- CH2- OH. B) HCHO v - CH2= CH2 C) CH3OH v HO - CH2- CH2- OH. D) CH2= CH - CHO v CH3OH.
175

E) Cc momome khc. Cu 46: Chn pht biu ng nht. iu kin cn v cu to ca cc monome tham gia phn ng trng hp l: A) phn t phi l hirocacbon. B) phn t l anken hoc ankaien. C) trong phn t phi c lin kt bi hoc l vng km bn. D) phn t phi c 2 nhm chc tr ln. E) phn t c mt lin kt i. Cu 47: Phng n no sau y khng ng ? A) Cao su isopren l vt liu polime c cu to tng t cao su thin nhin. B) Cao su l loi hp cht hirocacbon. C) Cao su c tnh n hi, khng dn in v nhit, khng thm kh v nc. D) Cao su lu ho c cu to mch thng, gm nhiu hnh si xen k nhau. E) Cao su lu ho c tnh bn nhit, tnh n hi, tnh bn c hc hn Cao su thin nhin. Cu 48: c im cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng l: A) c nhiu nhm chc trong phn t. B) c nhm cacboxyl hoc amino. C) c hai nhm cacboxyl hoc amino D) phn t c lin kt i. E) trong phn t phi c t nht hai nhm chc c kh nng phn ng. Cu 49: Qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh, khng bo ho (gi l monome) ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnh phn t ln (poime), gi l phn ng: A) trng hp. B) kt hp. C) cng hp. Cu 50: Chn phng n ng. A) T l nhng polime thin nhin hoc nhn to c tnh n hi. B) T nhn to v t tng hp c sn xut t cc polime thin nhin. C) T poliamit l polime tng hp khng dn in, bn trong mi trng axit v mi trng kim.
176

D) trng ngng. E) ho hp.

D) Nhng phn t polime mch thng hoc mch nhnh sp xp song song vi nhau, xon li hoc cun li vi nhau, to thnh si di, mnh v mm mi th c dng lm t. E) T l nhng polime thin nhin hoc tng hp dng si di v mnh vi bn nht nh. Cu 51: Chn phng n ng nht. A) T nilon - 6,6 l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng gia axit aipic v hexametileniamin. B) T capron c to thnh t phn ng trng hp caprolactam. C) T poliamit bn v mt c hc, dai, n hi, mm mi, git mau kh nhng km bn vi nhit v km bn v mt ho hc. D) T nhn to c sn xut t polime thin nhin nhng c ch bin thm bng con ng ho hc. E) Tt c u ng. Cu 52: Cho cc phn ng sau:

Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng trng hp l: A) 1, 4, 5, 6. B) 3, 4, 5. C) 4, 5. D) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. E) 1, 3, 4, 5, 7.

Cu 53: Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc phn ng trng ngng l: A) 1, 2, 6. B) 1, 2, 6, 7. D) 2, 7. C) 1, 2, 3, 6. 7. E) 2, 6, 7.

177

Cu 54: Chn phng n ng nht. T gm 2 loi: A) T ho hc v t tng hp. B) T thin nhin v t ho hc. C) T tng hp v t nhn to. Cu 55: C polime sau: D) T thin nhin v t nhn to. E) T nhn to v t ho hc.

Cc monome to ra polime trn l:

Cu 56: Cho cc cu sau: 1. Cht do l nhng vt liu c kh nng b bin dng khi chu tc dng ca nhit v vn gi c s bin dng khi thi tc dng. 2. Cht do l hn hp ca nhiu cht gm polime thin nhin hoc tng hp (polime l thnh phn c bn ca cht do), cht ho do, cht n, cht ph... 3. Cht do l nhng vt liu c kh nng B) bin dng khi chu tc dng ca nhit, p sut v vn gi c s bin dng khi thi tc dng. 4. Nhng cht c tnh do c dng lm cht do. 5. Mt s polime thng c dng lm cht do l PE, PVC, polistiren, polimetyl metacrylat, nha phenolfomanehit... 6. Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do. 7. Tnh do l tnh b bin dng khi chu tc dng ca nhit, p lc bn ngoi v vn gi c s bin dng khi thi tc dng. Chn phng n ng nht. Dy cc cu ng l: A) 1, 2, 5, 6. B) 1, 3, 5, 7. C) 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. D) 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. E) tt c u ng.

Cu 57: Khi lng trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si ay l 5900000 u, si bng l 1750000 u. S gc glucoz trung bnh trong phn t mi loi xenluloz l:
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A) 12900 v 13800. B) 36400 v 10802. C) 35400 v 10802. Cu 58: C 2 loi t:

D) 14700 v 10803. E) tt c u sai.

T nilon - 6,6: (- HN - [CH2]6 - NH - CO - [CH2]4 CO-)n T capron: (- CO - [CH2]5 NH-)n Khi lng phn t ca t nilon - 6,6 l 25.000 u, ca t capron l 15000 u. S mt xch trong phn t ca mi loi t trn ln lt l: A) 109 v 110. B) 111 v 133. C) 133 v 111. D) 111 v 129. E) tt c u sai.

179

P N CU TNKQ 1.CU TO NGUYN T, NH LUT TUN HON 1.1 CU TO V NGUYN T

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1A2C3B4D5E6D7B8C9D10B11D12D13B14C15D16A17C18E19C20B21D22E23D24D2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5B26C27E28E29B30B31B32A33B

1.2. NH LUT TUN HON

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1D2B3A4A5E6D7A8A9C10B11E12B13B14B15C16B17C18D19E20A222D23D24D25

C26B27C28A29A30A31C32E33C34C336D37A38C39A40E41B42C43D44D45E46C47 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 E48D49A50D 4 4 5

II. PHI KIM 2.1. NHM HALOGEN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1D2C3E4C5C6E7E8B9D10E11E12B13A14A15D16D17C18E19B20E21A22D23E24C2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5A26A27E28E29E30E31D32D33D34C35B36D37E38C39D40D41A42D43C44

a-D b-A45A46E4 4 4 b 4 4 47A48D49C

2.2. NHM OXI (PHN NHM CHNH NHM VI)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1D2E3D4D5A6E7E8C9E10A11E12B13B14C15E16E17A18E19E20E21A22E23E24A25 D26E27E28A29A30C31B32D33C34D35D36E37E38A39C40E41B42 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

a-C b-A43C4 4 4 4 4 4 b 4 44A45C46B47B48A49A

180

2.3. NHM NIT (PHN NHM CHNH NHM V)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1C2B3E4D5E6B7D8E9E10E11E12E13B14E15E16E17A18A19E20C21D22E23D24E25B 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 26D27D28A29E30E31E32E33D34A35E36E37E38E39C40B41C42D43B44A45A46B47A 4 4 5 48B49C50B

III. CC LOI PHN NG HO HC 3.1. PHN NG OXI HA- KH

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1C2D3A4E5A6E7E8A9D10E11D12B13E14B15E16A17C18E19B20D21A22B23D24C25

A26B27C28D29B30E31C32E33D34A35C36E37A38B39C40D 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

3.2. PHN NG AXIT - BAZ, PHN NG TRAO I ION:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1C2E3B4D5B6D7E8D9B10C11B12D13E14A15C16D17C18D19E20C21C22B23C24E25

B26B27E28A29E30C31A32A33A34E35A36E37A38B39A40E41B42A43E44D45B 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4

IV. KHI NIM V INH LUT HO HC C BN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1B2E3C4A5A6E7E8E9B10E11B12A13B14D116C17D18A19B20B21B22E23D24D25

A26A27C28B29A30A31C32E33A34B35E36E37A38D39E40B41B 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

181

V. PHN KIM LOI 5.1. I CNG V KIM LOI V PHN NHM CHNH NHM I

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1D2D3B4D5B6A7A8E9C10C11D12A13D14E15B16C17B18B19D20D21E22E23C24E2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5A26C27C28A29E30E31E32C33B34C35B36B37C38A39B40B41E42B43D

5.2. PHN NHM CHNH NHM II, NHM, ST

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1A2C3E4E5E6B7C8E9B10D11C12D13A14C15C16B17E18D19A20E21C22E23B24E25

E26E27E28E29D30D31B32C33C34C35D36A37A38A39E40B41C42C43C44B45C46B 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

VI. I CNG HO HU C V HIROCACBON

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1A2C3C4A5D6A7C8C9E10D11E12C13C14D15B16D17C18B19D20E21B22E23C24D2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5D26B27D28B29B30D31D32D33B34D35B36D37C38B39E40C41B42D43C44A446B4 7 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7B48B49C50D51D52D53B54D55D56B57E58C59D60E61C62E63C64D65D66B67D68A 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 69E70E71C72D73C74D75D76A77C78A79A80C81B82E83D84C85C86B87E88E89E90E 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 91C92D93A94B95B96E97C98E99B100A

VII. !NH LUT, HC THUYT, QUY TC C BN V PHN NG TRONG HO HC HU C

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1D2C3D4E5D6C7D8C9E10B11E12D13E14C15E16B17E18D19B20A21E22E23B24A25

D26D27E28A29E30B31C32B33D34A35C36C37E38E39E40D41C42E43C44C45B46D4 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
7 4 4 5 5 5 7C48B49A50E51E52D

182

VIII. HP CHT HU C C NHM CHC 8.1. ANCOl PHENOL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1E2D3E4A5C6D7D8E9B10C11D12D13A14A15C16E17E18A19D20D21B22C23C24A2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 5D26C27E28E29D30A31A

8.2. ANEHIT- AXIT CACBOXYLIC - ESTE LIPIT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1D2D3D4D5A6A7D8C9A10D11E12D13B14A15D16C17A18D19B20A21D22D23E24C 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 25D26D27D28A29B30D31B32A33B34B35C36B37A38D39E40E41A42A43D44C45E46

A47C48D49B50B552A53C54A55C56A57D58C59B 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

IX. CACBOHI RAT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1C2B3E4C5C6B7D8C9E10A11C12E13D14D15C16E17D18D19A20A21E22E23E24A25

A26C27A28B29B30D31D32C33E34E35A36B37D38C39B40C41C42C43A44B45C46D4 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
7 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7B48D49C50B51E52D53A54A55B56A57C58B59A60C

X. AMIN - AMINOAXIT - PROTEIN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1C2C3C4A5B6B7D8C9C10C11C12B13D14B15D16E17D18B19C20E21A22C23C24C2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5E26C27D28C29E30B31D32D33C34C35D36B37C38E

XI. I CNG V POLIME, CC VT LIU POLIME

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1E2E3C4A5C6A7B8A9D10A11C12C13D14B15A16C17A18E19D20C21C22C23B24B2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5D26B27A28E29D30E31C32E33A34B35D36A37E38D39C40C41E42A43B44D45A46C 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 47D48E49A50E51E52B53D54B55C56D57B58B

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TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Vn kin i hi i biu Ton quc ln th IX ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2001), Nxb Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni. 2. Quang An (1997), Trc nghim khch quan v tuyn sinh i hc, H Ni - TP. Ch Minh. 3. Ng Ngc An (2002), Bi tp trc nghim Ho hc Trung hc ph thng. Tp 1, 2, 3. Nxb Gio dc. 4. L ng Khoa - L nh Nguyn (2003), Trc nghim Ho hc, Nxb Nng. 5. Nghim Xun Nng bin dch, GS. TS. Lm Quang Thip hiu nh v gii thiu (1996), Trc nghim v o lng c bn trong gio dc (in ln th 2), H Ni. 6. Nguyn Ngc Quang, Nguyn Cng, Dng Xun Trinh (1982), L 1un dy hc Ho hc.Tp 1, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni, Tr. 191- 250. 7. Nguyn Ngc Quang (1994), L lun dy Ho hc. Tp 1, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni, Tr. 113 - 124 v 182 -196. 8. Nguyn Phc Ho Tn (1997), Phng php gii ton Ho hc (Trc nghim Ho hc), Nxb Tr. 9. Nguyn Hu Thc - Nguyn Vn Thoi (2003), Bi tp trc nghim ho hc ph thng,, Nxb Gio dc. 10. Nguyn Xun Trng (2003), Bi tp Ho hc trng ph thng, Nxb i hc S phm, H Ni. 11. Phm Xun Tun (2003), Luyn thi trc nghim mn ho hc, Nxb Nng. 12. Trung tm m bo cht lng v nghin cu, pht trin gio dc (1996), Kim tra nh gi trong ging dy i hc. Nxb i hc Quc gia H Ni, Tr.47-56.

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MC LC
L I N I U ........................................................................................................................................................... Phn I ......................................................................................................................................................................... I. KIM TRA - NH GI TRONG QU TRNH DY HC HO HC.......................................................... 1.1 MC CH CA KIM TRA - NH GI ........................................................................................... 1 2. H THNG CC PHNG PHP KIM TRA - NH GI............................................................ II. S DNG TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN TRONG KIM TRA NH GI KT QU HC TP CA HC SINH [2], [5], [12]...................................................................................................................................... 2.1. KHI NIM TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN ..................................................................................... 2.2. PHN LOI CU TNKQ ........................................................................................................................ 2.3. SO SNH U, NHC IM CA TNKQ V TNTL ....................................................................... 2.4. NH GI CHT LNG CU TNKQ............................................................................................ 2.5. QUY TRNH CHUN B V TRIN KHAI K THI TNKQ TIU CHUN HA......................... Phn 2...................................................................................................................................................................... T R CN G H I M H C H U A NM NH O H C ........................................................................................ K Q I. CU TO NGUYN T V !NH LUT TUN HON ............................................................................... 1.1. CU TAO NGUYN T ....................................................................................................................... 1.2. INH LUT TUN HON ................................................................................................................... II. PHI KIM .......................................................................................................................................................... 2.1. NHM HALOGEN (NHM VII A) ...................................................................................................... 2.2. NHM OXI (NHM VIA) ..................................................................................................................... 2.3. NHM NIT (NHM VA)................................................................................................................... III. CC LOI PHN NG HO HC............................................................................................................. 3.1. PHN NG OXI HO KH, PHN NG THUN NGHCH........................................................ 3.2. PHN NG AXIT - BAZ, PHN NG TRAO I ION: ............................................................... IV. KHI NIM V INH LUT HO HC C BN..................................................................................... V. KIM LOI ........................................................................................................................................................ 5.1. I CNG V KIM LOI V KIM LOI NHM I A.................................................................. 5.2. KIM LOI NHM II A, NHM, ST .................................................................................................. VI. I CNG HO HU C V HIROCACBON .................................................................................... VII. NH LUT, HC THUYT, QUY TC C BN V PHN NG TRONG HO HC HU C...... VIII HP CHT HU C C NHM CHC ................................................................................................ 8.1. ANCOL - PHENOL.............................................................................................................................. 8.2. ANEHIT- AXIT CACBOXYLIC - ESTE - LIPIT ............................................................................ IX. CACBOHIRAT .......................................................................................................................................... X. AMLN, AMINO AXIT, PROTEIN ................................................................................................................. XI. I CNG V POLIME, CC VT LIU POLIME .............................................................................. T I LI U TH A MK H O ................................................................................................................................... 2 3 3 3 3 6 6 7 9 12 13 16 16 16 16 21 31 31 37 45 52 52 61 71 81 81 89 98 115 131 131 136 146 158 165 184

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TI LIU C CUNG CP BI TP CH DY V HC HA HC XIN VUI LNG GHI R NGUN KHI PHT HNH HTTP://NGOCBINH.DAYHOAHOC.COM

TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN MN HO HC M s : PHK25B7 In 1000 cun, kh 17 x 24 cm ti CNG TY C PHN IN ANH - VIT Giy php xut bn s: 659 2008/CXB/3 14635/GD In xong v np lu chiu thng 9 nm 2007

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