Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Training

SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
Heart size SV HR Q BF BP BV
SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
Heart size
Heart muscle hypertrophy In response to increased work demand, the heart weight & volume, the left ventricle wall thickness & chamber size all increase as a results of endurance training
Left ventricle greatest change

SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
Stroke Volume
With endurance training, SV shows an increase during rest, submax & max exertion Why?
Increase EDV (increase blood plasma) Increase in LV contractility - increase elastic coil

SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
HR
RHR decreases as result of O2 training Submax exercise HR also reduce Maximal HR either remains unchanged or decreased slightly with training HR recovery period decreased with training RT also can lead to reduced HR (not as large as O2 training)

SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
Q
Q at rest or during submax exercise remain unchanged or decreased slightly after training Q at max level of exercise increase considerably (result of substantial increase in maximal stroke volume)

SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
BF
Endurance training enhanced BF
Increased capillarization Greater opening of existing capillary More effective blood redistribution

SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
BP
Resting BP is reduced by endurance training in those with borderline or moderate hypertension Endurance training has little or no effect on BP during submax & max exercise

SPS211/FSRUiTM

CV Adaptation to Training
BV
BV increases as a result of endurance training The increase is primarily caused by an increase in blood plasma volume RBC count count also increase, but the gain in plasma is typically much higher (greater fluid portion) Increased plasma volume decreased blood viscosity (improve circulation) Increased in plasma volume leading to an increase in stroke volume (SV), which in turn leads to an increase in VO2 max.

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Lung Volume Respiratory Rate Pulmonary Ventilation Pulmonary Diffusion A-VO2diff

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Lung Volume
Changes little with training Vital capacity (amount of air that can be expelled after max inspiration) increase slightly Residual volume (the amount of air that cannot be moved out of the lungs) show a slight decrease Tidal volume (the amount of air breath in and out during normal respiration) is unchanged

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Respiratory Rate
After training, usually lowered at rest and during submax work. At max rate - increased

SPS211/FSRUiTM

 Pulmonary Ventilation

Respiratory Adaptation to Training

After training, PV unchanged or slightly reduced at rest & submax work. Max - increased

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Respiratory Adaptation to Training

Pulmonary Diffusion
Pulmonary diffusion at maximal work increase due to increased ventilation & increase lung perfusion

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Respiratory Adaptation to Training

A-VO2diff
Increases with training. Most notably at max level of work reflecting an increased extraction by the tissues & more effective blood distribution

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Metabolic Adaptation to Training

Lactate threshold (LT) Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) Oxygen Consumption (VO2)

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Metabolic Adaptation to Training

LT
LT increases with training, which allow athletes to perform at higher rates of work & levels of O2 consumption without increasing the BL

SPS211/FSRUiTM

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Metabolic Adaptation to Training

RER
After training, RER is decreased at both absolute & submax work. These changes are due to greater utilization of FFA instead of carbs Max work RER increased

SPS211/FSRUiTM

Metabolic Adaptation to Training

VO2
O2 consumption can be increased slightly at rest and decreased slightly or unaltered during submax exercise VO2max increases substantially following training The oxygen uptake of a person at rest is usually 3.5ml.kg-1.min-1

SPS211/FSRUiTM