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TNT2008_PART4
toronto notes 2008 contains medical information about specialities in medicine
I
Table
of
Contents
Index
Abbreviations
1.
Ethical,LegalandOrganizationalAspects
ofMedicine.
..............................
..
ELOAM
2.
Anesthesia and Peri
operative
Medicine
A
3.
Cardiology
&
Cardiovascular
Surgery.
............................................
..
C
4.
Clinical
Pharmacology
CP
5.
Dermatology
D
6.
DiagnosticMedical
Imaging.
....................................................
..
DM
7.
Emergency
Medicine.
..........................................................
..
ER
8.
Endocrinology
E
9.
Family Medicine
FM
10.
Gastroenterology.
.............................................................
..
G
11.
General
Surgery
GS
12.
Geriatric
Medicine.
............................................................
..
GM
13.
Gynecology
GY
14.
Hematology
H
15.
Infectious Diseases ID
16.
Nephrology
NP
17.
Neurology
N
18.
Neurosurgery.
................................................................
..
NS
19.
Obstetrics ....................................................................
..
08
20.
Ophthalmology
OP
21.
Orthopaedics
OR
22.
Otolaryngology
OT
23.
Pediatrics P
24.
Plastic
Surgery.
...............................................................
..
PL
25.
Populationand
Community
Health ...............................................
..
PH
26.
Psychiatry.
...................................................................
..
PS
27.
Respirology R
28.
Rheumatology
.........................................................
..
RH
29.
Urology.
....................................
..
.....................
..
........
..
U
33.
Index
Toronto
Notes
2008
9
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How
to
Use This
Book
This
book
has
been
designed to
remain
as one book or to be taken
apart
into smaller booklets. Identify the
beginning
and
end
of
a particular section; then carefully
bend
the pages along the
perforated
line next to the spine of the book.
Then
tear
the pages
out
along the perforation.
The
layout of
Toronto Notes
2008 allows easy identification of
important
information.These items are indicated
by
icons interspersed
throughout
the text:
Icon
Significance
The
'key'
icon, found next to
headings
in the text, identifies key objectives
and
causal conditions as
defined
by the Medical Council of
Canada
or
the National Board of Medical Examiners USA.
If
J
appears
beside a 'black-bar' title, all
subsequent subheadings should
be
considered key topics.The
'pearl'
icon,
found
in the sidebar, identifies concise,
important
information
which
will aid in thediagnosis
and/or management
of conditions discussed in the accompanying text.The 'light bulb' icon indicates helpful mnemonic devices
and
other
memory
aids.The 'flags' icon indicates information
or
findings
that
require
urgentmanagement
or specialistreferral.The 'camera' icon indicates topics
thatcorrespond
with images
found
in the
ColourPhoto
Atlasavailable
on
online.The 'X-ray' icon indicates topics
that
correspond to information
or
images
contained
within
theRadiology Atlas located online.The
'PON
icon indicates topics that corresponds
with
entries
found
in the POA
Program-
"Clinical Information Set".
The
program
can
be
downloaded
from the website.The
'computer'
icon indicates topics
that
correspond
with
electronic resources
such as
FunctionalNeuroanatomyTM
or
ECG
Made
Simple™
located online.
Chapter
Divisions
To aid in
studying and
finding relevant material quickly, each
chapter
is
organized
in the following general framework:Basic
Anatomy/Physiology
Review
• features the high-yield, salient background information students are often
assumed
to have
remembered
from theirearly medical school education
Common
Differential
Diagnoses• aims to outline a clinically useful framework to tackle the
common
presentations
and
problems faced in the area ofexpertiseDiagnoses• the
bulk
of
the book• etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, management, complications,
and
prognosisCommon
Medications
• a quick reference section for review of medications commonly prescribedSummary Key
Questions
• helps focus
studyingand
re-iterate key concepts
Toronto
Notes
20080
Common
Unit
Conversions
To
convert from the conventional
unit
to the
SI
unit,
multiply
by conversion factorTo convert
from
the
SI
unit
to
the conventional unit,
divide
by conversion factorACTH
Albumin
BilirubinCalciumCholesterolCortisolCreatinineCreatinine clearanceEthanolFerritinGlucoseHbA1CHemaglobinHDL cholesterolIron, totalLactate (lactic acid)
LDL
cholesterolLeukocytesMagnesiumMCVPlateletsReticu locytesSalicylateTestosteroneThyroxine
(T4)
Total Iron Binding CapacityTriiodothyronine
(T3)
TriglyceridesUrea nitrogenUric acidCelsius
~
FahrenheitFahrenheit
~
CelsiusKilograms
~
PoundsPounds
~
OuncesOunces
~
GramsInches
~
Centimetres
Toronto Notes
2008
Conventional
Unit
pg/mL
g/dLmg/dLmg/dLmg/dL
1J9/dL
mg/dL
mLlmon
mg/dL
ng/mL
mg/dL
%
g/dLmg/dL
)..Ig/dL
mg/dLmg/dL
x1
O ~
cells/mm
3
mg/dL
)..1m
3
x
10
3
cells/m m
3
%
of
RBCs
mg/L
ng/dLng/dL
)..Ig/dL
pg/dL
mg/dLmg/dLmg/dL
F =
(C
x
1.8) +32
C =
(F
-
32)
x 0.55551
kg
=
2.2
Ibs
11b=160z
1
oz
=
28.3 91 in
=
2.54 cm
Conversion Factor
0.22
1017.1
0.250.025927.5988.40.01670.2172.2470.0555
0.0110
0.02590.179
0.111
0.02591
0.411
0.01
0.007240.034712.870.1790.01540.01130.35759.48
51
Unit
pmol/L
gIL
)..Imol/L
mmol/L
mmol/L
nmol.L
)..Imol/L
mLlsmmol/Lpmol/Lmmol/Lproportion
of
1.0
gIL
mmollL
)..Imol/L
mmol/Lmmol/Lx
10
9
cells/Lmmol/LfLx
10
9
cells/Lproportion
of
1.0mmol/Lnmol/Lpmol/LIJmollLpmol/Lmmol/L
mmol/L
)..Imol/L
Common
Unit Conversions
1
of 00
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