Complete Reference

Editorial Board
Editor-In-Chief
Prof. K.S.Gupta

Editor
Vipul Sharma

Editorial Team
Anuj Kumar Sharma Gorav Kr.Malik
Jyotirmoy Dutta Suyash Bhardwaj
Shiv Kumar Nishant Kumar
Vivek Kumar Namit Khanduja
Sanjeev Lamba

Committees for
International conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
(February 11-13, 2012)

Chairman, GTER-2012
Prof. R.D. Kaushik
Co-Chairman
Dr. R. K. Soni
Organizing Secretary
Dr. M.M. Tiwari
Co-organizing Secretary
Mr. Mayank Agarwal

Inauguration/Valedictory
Committee
Convenor
Mr. Mayank Agarwal
Compere
Dr. V. K. Singh (FMS)
Members
Dr. Sunil Panwar
Mr. Namit Khanduja
Mr. Gaurav Tyagi
Mr. Rajul Bhardwaj (FMS)
Dr. Kapil Goel (FAMS)
Dr. Vineet Kumar (FAMS)
Ms. Kavita Panjwani
Dr. Dharmendra Balyan
Mr. S. K. Kashyap
Mr. Kamal Singh
Mr. Mukesh Kumar
Mr. Brijesh Kumar
Mr. Rakesh Kumar

Registration Committee
Convenor
Mr. Tanuj Garg
Members
Dr. Vivek Goel
Ms. Manmeet Kaur
Mr. Shashank Sharma
Mr. Virendra Singh Patwal
Mr. Aniruddha Yadav
Mr. Kavinder Kumar
Mr. Deepak Negi

Accommodation Committee
Coordinator
Dr. Ajay Kumar
Convenor
Sh. Jaspal Singh (FS)
Members
Mr. Praveen Pandey
Mr. Prateek Agarwal
Mr. Anuj Kumar (FS)
Mr. Rishi Prajapati
Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj
Mr. Ashok Kumar
Dr. Vineet Kumar (FAMS)
Mr. Vipin Kumar (FAMS)

Transportation Committee
Coordinator
Dr. Ajay Kumar
Convenor
Dr. Lokesh Kumar Joshi
Members
Dr. Devendra Singh
Mr. Manoj Kumar Patel
Mr. Nishant Kumar
Mr. Kuldeep Singh
Mr. Sekhar Karanwal
Mr. Vikas Deshwal
Mr. Nagendra Rana
Mr. Deepak Verma
Mr. Manu Gupta
Food & Catering Committee
Convenor
Dr. Dharmendra Baliyan
Members
Dr. Rajdeep Malik (FS)
Dr. Rudraman
Mr. Manoj Kumar Patel
Mr. Gajendra Singh Rawat
Mr. Gaurav Tyagi
Mr. Pavan Kumar
Mr. Sanjeev Kumar
Mr. Sanjay Verma

VIP Committee
Convener
Dr. Prabhat Kumar (FOS)
Member
Dr. Satendra Singh (Arch Mus)
Dr. Vipul Bhatt (FH)
Mr. Raju (FH)
Senate Hall Committee
Convener
Dr. Kartar Singh
Member
Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj
Ms. Verinder Wahla
Mr. Pradhuman
Mr. Mahesh
Mr. Kavindra Kumar
Mr. Sanjay

Technical Session Committee
Convenor
Sh. Vipul Sharma
Members
Mr. Sanjeev Lambha
Mr. Anuj Kumar Sharma
Mr. Vivek Kumar
Mr. Namit Khanduja
Mr. Gaurav Malik
Mr. Jotirmoy Dutta
Mr. Shiv Kumar
Mr. Apoorv Kaushik
Mr. Ashok Bhatt
Publication and Communication
Committee
Convenor
Mr. Vipul Sharma
Members
Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj
Mr. Nishant Kumar
Mr. Jyotirmoy Dutta
Mr. Gaurav Malik
Mr. Anuj Kumar Sharma
Mr. Shiv Kumar

Sponsorship Committee
Convenor
Mr. Mayank Agarwal
Members
Mr. Shatrughan Jha
Mr. Durgesh Gaurav
Mr. Sachin Kaushik

Local Secretariat
Convenor
Dr. M. M. Tiwari
Members
Mr. Birendra Singh Patwal
Mr. Deepak Negi

Cultural Committee
Convenor
Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma
Member
Mr. Satrughan Jha
Sh. Sanjeev Lambha
Accounts Committee
Convenor
Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma
Member
Mr. Amit Dhiman
Mr. Birendra Singh Patwal
Maintenance Committee
Convenor
Mr. Vipul Sharma
Member
Mr. Dhanpal
Mr. Brijesh
Mr. Ashok
Mr. Rakesh
Mr. Anand
Press, Media &Photography
Committee
Convenor
Dr. Vivek Goel
Members
Mr. Kulbhushan Sharma
MrPankaj Kaushik
Mr. Narender Malik
Mr. Sonu (FMS)
LIST OF VOLUNTEERS FOR DIFFERENT COMMITTEES
INAUGURAL/ VALEDICTION
1. Shri Ram Vaishya
2. Alok Kumar
3. Bhanu Pratap Pal
4. Vaibhav Pandey
5. Sumit Kumar Meena
6. Abhishek Kumar
7. Rajesh Kumar
REGISTRATION
1. Abhishek kumar
2. Alok Kumar Singh
3. Rakesh Kumar Singh
4. Sumit Kumar Meena
5. Awadesh Singh
6. Bharat Nanoma

TECHNICAL SESSIONS
1. Prasoon Awasthi
2. Ritesh Kumar
3. Ramji Pandey
4. Gaurav Sahkya
5. Ram Kumar Garg
6. Abhay Pratap Singh

FOOD AND CATERING
1. Aditya Pant
2. Arpit Agarwal
3. Akshay Pratap singh
4. Vineet Yadav
5. Ashish Uttam
6. Aniruddha
7. Dushyant Kumar
8. Anurag Uttam

TRANSPORTATION
1. Akshay Mathur
2. Madhur Sareen
3. Kumar Sourabh
4. Mayank Kumar
5. Pranjal Thakral
6. Rajesh Kumar Agrahari
7. Yatin Kareel
8. Imran Ahmad
9. Ayush Zutsi
10. Ankit Singh
11. Harsh Kumar Arya
12. Mukesh Negi
13. Ripu Daman Singh
14. Swetanshu Kumar Vipul
15. Abhishek Kumar Mishra
16. Akash Deep
17. Arjun Gupta
18. Shubham Sharma
19. Gopal Saraswat
20. Dheeraj Kumar Panwar
21. Shobhit Garg
22. Ankur Pandey
23. Mukesh kumar yadav
ACCOMMODATION
1. Vijay Kr Savita
2. Subham Dixit
3. Anuj Kumar
4. Ankush Chauhan
5. Ankit Gupta
6. Abhishek Saini
7. Surya Pratap Singh
8. Gaurav singhal
9. Munna Chauhan
10. Mukesh Kumar Yadav
11. Mukti Narayan Rai
12. Vipin Kumar
13. Vimal Kumar
14. Arbaz ali
15. Sumit Kumar Sharma
16. Akhilesh Tripathi
17. Yogendra Meena
18. Rahul Kumar Nirnjan
19. Tushar Singla
20. Tajveer Tyagi
21. Himanshu Kaushik Ankur Gupta
22. Saurav Tiwari
23. Rahul Mishra
24. Sarvesh Sahu
25. Abhishek Mishra
26. Ankur Singh Chandel

Acknowledgements

I express my gratitude to Prof. Swatantra Kumar, Honble Vice Chancellor, Professor Mahavir
Aggarwal, Pro-Vice Chancellor, Prof. A.K.Chopra, Registrar and Prof. R.K.Misra, Finance
Officer of Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar for the guidance, support and financial
assistance received for organizing GTER-2012.
I also express my heartfelt thanks to the Department of Biotechnology & Department of Science
and Technology (Ministry of Science and Technology), Uttarakhand State Council for Science
and Technology (UCOST), Ministry of Earth Science and Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) for their generous financial assistance. I am also grateful to various companies
for having booked advertisement in the abstract book for extending good wishes.
The overwhelming response from scientists, academicians and researchers belonging to
international fraternity, in terms of large number of papers received is gratefully acknowledged.
Also my thanks are due to all the teachers, staff members and students of Faculty of Engineering
and Technology, without whom ,this conference would not have been possible.

Prof. R.D. Kaushik
Chairman
GTER-2012

It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the
Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
The conference is suitably titled,
seriously throughout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day
and we can pass on this legacy to the generations to come. It is high time that the youth becomes
aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such event
the purpose.
I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University
is organizing the event at such a large scale. The conference holds much more significance that it
is being organized in the holy city o
I congratulate the organizer for their hard work and wish them all the best. My blessings
are always with them.

Message
It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the
Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation -2012
The conference is suitably titled, as initiatives for a greener planet has been taken
hout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day
aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such event
is being organized in the holy city of Haridwar.
Prof. Swatantra Kumar

It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the International
2012.
reener planet has been taken
hout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day
aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such events definitely serves

Prof. Swatantra Kumar

Message

As the New Year 2012 unfolds, humanity is faced predicaments on many fronts-the economic
crisis, worldwide declining fish and crop productivity, vanishing resources and above all, an
ecological crisis, most dramatically illustrated by the climate change related disasters that are
taking place around the world. These issues highlight the fact that there can be no other way than
Sustainable Development. Green Technologies have a crucial role to achieve sustainable
development. The field of Green Technology encompasses a continuously evolving group of
methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non toxic cleaning products to
re-use and recycling. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovations and changes
in daily life, of similar magnitude as compared to Information Technology did over the last two
decades.
In this endeavor, engineers and scientists have a special role to play. All developmental activities
invariably lead to environmental degradation. Engineers have to devise ways and means to
overcome them and attain sustainable development. Central Road Research Institute, over the
past few years has been active involved in several such R&D projects like use of waste materials
in road works, Road Traffic and Air Pollution studies in several cities of India which led to the
formulation of auto fuel policy, Green house gas emission inventory for Transport sector in India
etc. More and more such efforts are required to improve our environment and minimize
pollution. This conference being organized by Gurukul Kangri University is a right step in that
direction.
I convey my best wishes for the successful conduct of the International Conference on Green
Technologies at Gurukul Kangri University.

S. Gangopadhyay

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I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is
organizing the International Conference on Green Technologies
Rehabilitation -2012.
The expectation in the field of Green technologies is enormous
will bring many changes and innovation in our daily life. Terms like Green chemistry, Green
nanotechnology, Green buildings etc have become common words nowadays. Not only this, its
the need of the hour to undertake
high time that we take these issues seriously
I appreciate the efforts made by Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Dean F
Technology for his efforts in hosting an event at an
I also congratulate the organizers
wish them success.

Message
International Conference on Green Technologies
expectation in the field of Green technologies is enormous. If steered in the right direction
the need of the hour to undertake measures to replenish the damage done to the environment. It is
these issues seriously.
I appreciate the efforts made by Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Dean Faculty of
for his efforts in hosting an event at an International level.
rganizers of the conference for their dedicated efforts and enthusiasm. I
International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental
. If steered in the right direction it
measures to replenish the damage done to the environment. It is
aculty of Engineering and
cated efforts and enthusiasm. I

Prof. A.K. Chopra

Message

It is a pleasure to know that the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri
Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar is organizing the International Conference on Green Technologies
for Environmental Rehabilitation -2012 from 11
th
to 13
th
February 2012.
The world is moving on a fast pace. New technologies and innovations make us wonder about
the unlimited possibilities of Science and Technology. In this frantic pace of life we should not
forget that in some way or the other these developments are damaging mother earth and
threatening our own existence. It is our utmost responsibility to preserve nature so that we could
safely hand it over to the next generations. It is time we give a serious thought to address the
issues like Green Technologies and environmental rehabilitation.
I am confident that the conference will be beneficial for academicians, researchers and students
from all over the world.
I convey my best wishes to Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Chairman of the conference and appreciate his
efforts for organizing GTER-2012.I once again convey my best wishes to all the staff and
students of FET.

Prof. Virendra Arora

I am pleased to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri
University is organizing the
Environmental Rehabilitation
Taking care of the environment is a new challenge which we face and congregations like
this helps in spreading awareness about these issues. Not only this, the researchers and
academicians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand
the significance of these environment related issues.
The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of
Haridwar.I wish the conference every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually
stimulating stay.

Message
to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri
University is organizing the International Conference on Green Technologies for
Environmental Rehabilitation -2012
cians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand
the significance of these environment related issues.
ence every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually
to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri
Conference on Green Technologies for
cians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand
ence every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually

Prof. Rajendra Misra

Message from Conveners Desk

It is a matter of great proud for all of us at the Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Gurukul Kangi Vishwavidyalay to hold an International Conference Green Technology for
Environmental Rehabilitation-2012.
As per the recent report by the World Economic and Social Survey 2011 titled The
Great Green Technological Transformation," published by the United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs ,humanity is near to breaching the sustainability of Earth, and needs
a technological revolution greater and faster than the industrial revolution to avoid a major
planetary catastrophe. This calls for huge investments and proactive involvement of the
intellectual fraternity. Also the United Nations Environment Program is also involved in active
environmental rehabilitation activities. Keeping in view all these issues, it is a matter of
paramount importance to address such issues on an International platform. GTER-2012 is a step
in the right direction.
We hope that this conference will be a confluence of people from diverse streams who
will share their research work and ideas to make this planet greener and a gift to the future
generations. We welcome all the eminent persons and participants with open arms and wish them
a pleasant stay in the holy city of Haridwar!

Vipul Sharma
Convener
Technical Session &Publication Committee

Professor K. S. Gupta Atmospheric Chemistry Lab
DST Emeritus Scientist Department of Chemistry
University of Rajasthan
Jaipur-502004

Editorial

The primary function of Universities/Institutions of Higher Learning is, in general, to
create, to impart and to disseminate knowledge. The Conferences, Seminars, Symposia and
Workshops provide live forums for presentation & demonstration of recent findings and
interactive in-depth discussion, critical examination and new insight on these. In furtherance of
this, The International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
(GTER-2012) provides such an opportunity.
It is indeed gratifying to note that the GTER-2012 has received tremendous response
from national and international scientific community, as is obvious from the large number of
papers received. During the Conference, more than 15 Keynote Addresses & 41 Invited Lectures
are to be delivered, 124 papers are to be presented and 295 poster are to be displayed in six
thematic sections, viz., Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Environmental Science &
Technology, Nano Science & Technology, Plant & Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Physical/Chemical Technologies.
Interestingly, newer findings in both emerging and well established areas are the focus of
many presentations encompassing topics from nano particles to macromolecules and from
environmental pollution to engineering materials.
The Members of Editorial Board have been of tremendous help in compiling this Book of
Abstracts and giving it a beautiful size and shape.

Prof. K. S Gupta

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International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation
February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
i

DETAILED PROGRAMME OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS
PLENARY LECTURES, KEYNOTES, INVITED LECTURES AND ORAL
PRESENTATIONS

Plenary Lectures Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 12:45 PM-01:30 PM
P-1: Excitement in Radiation Research Jai Pal Mittal
Venue: New Seminar Hall

P-2: Challenges before Green Technologies Development R. K. Soni
Venue: Hall-102

P-3: The Myth and Engineering of Electromagnetic Radiation effect on
Human

S. S. Pattnaik
Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Theme: Environmental Science and Technology
Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. A. P. Gupta
Prof. Pratibha Sharma

KN-1:A Capillary Tube Model for eco-friendly Narm of Propane (hc290)
and Isobutane (hc600a)

A. K. Ahluwalia and
A. K. Saluja
IL-1:Pollution Abatement through Waste Utilization in Building
Materials

Manjit Singh
IL: Illegal Wildlife Trade in India-A harsh reality to know

S K Sagar
IL:Green Technologies The Global Challenges H. R. P. Yadav

OP-1:Biomass and Biogas for Sustainable Energy Generation: Recent
Development and Perspectives

Abdeen Omer

OP-2:Some Plants Used as Fish Toxin in Bhagirathi River

Antima Sharma, L. R Dangwal,
Tajinder Singh and Amandeep
Singh

OP-3:Air Pollution Assessment Before and After Metro Rail in Delhi

Basavaraja

and Puttaih
OP-4:Identification of Bird hit samples through Feather Keratin
Electrophoresis

Chinmay Joshi
OP-5:Genetically Modified Microorganism and Eco-friendly Biomass
Energy

Dayadhar Dikshit
OP-6:Effect on diesel engine emissions with application of biodiesel fuel Sachin Kumar,Debasish Das,
ii

M. K. Pathak and A. K. Saini

OP-7:Comparative Study of Indoor Radon and its Progeny in Dwellings
Around Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, India and its
Neighbouring Regions
Meena Mishra,
Rajendra Prasad, Shiva Sukula
and V. K Rastogi

OP-8:Assessment of Physico-chemical parameters of river Ganga at
Haridwar for ascertaining its suitability for drinking purposes

Monika Tyagi

OP-9:Ground water Management using Remote Sensing Data: a Case
study

Neha Singh and S. K. Yadav

Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Hall-102

Chairs: Prof. A. K. Ahluwalia
Prof. Prem Raj

KN-2:Atmospheric oxidants, their reactions with acid rain precursors and
Green technologies for control of pollutants emission

K. S. Gupta

IL-2:Regulatory Framework For Safe Management Of Hazardous
Chemicals

R. K. Suri

IL-3:Role Of Industry And Non-Governmental Organizations In
Enviornmental Protection & Improvement

R. K. Suri and M. Subba Rao
IL-4:Greener Alternatives to Radiolabeling Fluorescent Colorants in
bio-analytical techniques

N. Sekar

IL-5:Assessment Of Land Contamination Based On Sediment
Geochemistry And Dispersion Pattern Of Heavy Metals In The
Intermontane Pinjaur Dun, Sub-Himalaya

N. K Saini, K. K. Purohit and
P. P. Khanna

Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. K. S. Gupta
Prof. A. K. Pant

KN-3:Essentials of Green Technology: Seven Ws of Going Green

Rajesh Chandra Verma

IL-6:Global water challenges with reference to Arsenic contamination
and mitigation approach

Ram Gopal
IL-7:Biological marker for assessing metal body burden of workers
Prone to hazards of metal in their work environment

Rita Mehra

IL-8:Green Technology: Business Opportunity of Global Climate
Change

Anurag Singh and V. K. Singh
iii

OP-10:Groundwater Contamination Due to Municipal Solid Waste
Disposal at Delhi, India

Nitin Kamboj

OP-11:Atmospheric biopollutants of fungal origin in different
educational institute and their allergenic behavior

Padma Singh,
Priyanka Chaudhary and Raina
OP-12:Green Technology versus Gene technology Padma Singh, Deepika,Priyanka
and Bhavya

Session: 4 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. A. K. Chopra
Dr. R. K. Suri

OP-13:Disinfected water for Millions and Development of the low cost
Solar Devices for Household Drying

Pramod V. Pathak

OP-14:Bio-Diesel as Future Fuel for Automotive Vehicles

Pulkit Jain
OP-15:Green Marketing: Environmentally Responsible way of
Marketing

Rajat Agrawal and
Vishnu Nath
OP-16:Electrochemical degradation of Adsorable Organic Halides from
paper industry effluents

Rajni Sharma, Satish Kumar
and

Chhaya Sharma
OP-17:Soil Fertility Management using Spatial Technologies: A Case
study

Ritu Nagdev and S K Yadav

OP-18:Treatment of wastewater by natural aquatic plants systems; a
review

Satya Narain, S. K. Mishra,
C. S. P. Ojha and U. C. Chaube
OP-19:Different Species Based Bio-Diesel Production Sustainability:
Scope in Developing Countries

S. K. Yadav

OP-20:Electromagnetic wave Impacts on Functional Ecosystem: Some
Important Issues

S. K. Yadav

OP-21:Adsorptive Removal of a Hazardous Dye Tartrazine from Water
and Wastewater by Activated Gram Husk

Rajeev Jain and
Shalini Sikarwar
OP-22:Assessment of Underground Water Contamination In and Around Shobha Gupta, Ranjana Dixit
and Ravindra Kumar Sharma

Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Hall-102
Chairs: Prof. J. P. Mittal
Dr. N. R. Munirathnam

IL: House gas emissions from Hydropower Reservoirs M. P. Sharma
IL: GC-MS: A unique Analytical Technique A. P. Gupta
iv

OP-23:A survey along the upstream Ganga canal identifying the number
of drains and bathing ghats at Haridwar prior to Kumbh-2010 and
assessing the water quality during Kumbh on the same stretch.
Vandana Sati and Namita Joshi
OP-24:Waste Water Treatment Using Plant Material Vimla Yadav, Neetu Raina, and
Rita Yadav

OP-25:A comparison of the breeding biology of the Oriental Magpie
Robin (Copsychus saularis) between tree cavities and nest boxes
Vinaya Kumar Sethi and
Dinesh Bhatt

OP-26:Biodiversity and Its Economical Significance Vipul Bhatt

OP-27:The inhibition of atmospheric autoxidation of aqueous sulfur
dioxide by volatile organic compounds(VOCs)

Yogpal Dhayal,
C. P. S. Chandel
and K. S. Gupta

OP-28:Assessment of Impact of Various activities on Physico-chemical
water quality of the Pond of Rajnagar (Khajuraho) along with
pollution study of drains joining to the Pond
J. S. Parihar, L. N. Gupta,
S. P. Parihar and G. S. Gupta

OP-29:Improve mental health, Control diseases and save Environment
by the Cultivation of Ornamental and fragranted flowering Plants
in India

S. R. Katiyar and Archana

OP-30:Efficiency of Aspergillus fumigatus for decolourization and
detoxification of Pulp and Paper mill effluent
A. K. Chopra and
Pushpendra Pal Singh

OP-31:Bioavailability of metallic contents in agricultural soil affected by
waste water at Dehradun city

Chakresh Pathak and
A. K. Chopra

OP-32:Electrochemical treatment of secondarily treated sewage-
wastewater

A. K. Chopra and
Arun Kumar Sharma

Theme: Engineering and Mathematical Sciences

Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-4:30 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. H. S. Dhami
Prof. S. K. Kak
KN-4:New approaches in photovoltaic solar cells

Bernab Mar Soucase

IL-10:Conducting Polymer Composites based Supercapacitors as Green
Energy Storage Devices

Ashok K. Sharma

OP-33:Effect of Electric field on Swelling and Controlled Drug
Loading Characteristic of Anionic Hydrogels Based on PEG-b-Poly
(NIPAM-co-AMPS)
A. K. Saikia, Saroj Aggarwal,
Harjeet Singh, S. P. Sharma and
U. K. Mandal

OP-34:Preparation and Characterization of Bi based Ternary oxide
Systems

Anoopshi Johari

and
Anima Johari

OP-35:A Novel Multi-objective Approach for Planning of DGs in Bindeshwar Singh, K. S. Verma,
v

Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. B. M. Soucase
Dr. S. C. Gupta

Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. Venko Beschkov
Prof. K. Rajanna
Emerging Power Systems

Deependra Singh and S. N.Singh

OP-36:Developing an Artificial Intelligence learning technique based
PROLOG application for finding optimal solution of TSP problem

Garima Krishna and
Khaliqur Rehman Ansari

OP-37:Bio-Thermal Effect Due to Radiation from Broadcasting
Antenna

Hemendra Tripathi,
Devendra Singh
,
Shivani Avasthi
and

P. P. Pathak

OP38:Production of biogas and other products by utilizing waste
glycerol

Venko Beschkov and
Ivan Angelov

OP-39:Green Approach towards ICT and Cloud Computing Mahendra Singh Aswal and
Vinod Kumar

OP-40:On Semi-Projective Modules

Manoj Kumar Patel

KN-5:Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent chromium, Mercury, PBB and
PBDEs determination in Indian electronic gadgets and their RoHS
compliance

N. R. Munirathnam, Ch. Appala
Naidu, K. Ramaswamy,
B. Mahender,R. Govindiah,
Ch. Sudheer, M. R. P. Reddy,
Sandip Chatterjee and
T. L. Prakash

IL-11:Role of fractals in modelling the natural objects

Bhagwati Prasad

IL-12:Problem of Locating Mobile Agents in the Global Network and
proposed Solutions

Heman Pathak

IL-13:Thin Film based Sensors and MEMS

K. Rajanna

IL-14:Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE): A overview
Manis Kumar Jha,
Archana Kumari, Vinay Kumar

and Jae-chun Lee

KN-6:New Generation of Materials for More Efficient Solar Energy
Use:Quantum Modeling and Experimental Realizations
P. Wahnn, P. Palacios,
I. Aguilera, Y. Seminovski,
J. C. Conesa, R. Lucena
and F. Fresno

vi

Session: 4 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. A. K. De
Prof. H R P Yadav

IL-15:Innovative use of waste materials in road works-different aspects

R. K. Swami and Uma Arun
IL-16:Europium activated oxides - Alternative Red phosphors for
energy efficient solid state lighting

V. Sivakumar and
U. V. Varadaraju

OP-41:Comparative study of the Thermal performance of Flat Plate
Solar Air Heater for different Models

Naveen Sharma, Promila and
Sunil

OP-42:Recent Development and Application of Anticorrosive Paints

N. Srivastva, A. Mehrotra

and
M. G. H. Zaidi

OP-43:Technology capacity building for E-waste ecycling:A comparison
between the technology used by formal and informal sectors
Sirajuddin Ahmed,Mohammed
Shakeel

and
Rashmi Makkar Panwar

OP-44:Thermal Conductivity of Quantum Well Richa Saini

OP-45:A Study of Some Weaker forms of Commuting maps in fuzzy
Metric Spaces

Ritu Arora

KN-7:Microbial Denitrification Stimulated By Constant Electric Field Venko N. Beschkov

OP-46:Smart Transport System Sukhbir Singh Sandhu

OP-47:An Analytical Method to Calculate Cost based on Design
Structure Matrix for Unplanned tasks

Sachin Kumar Saxena and
Garima Krishna

OP-48:A Review on the Fuel Cells Development

Sanjay L. Bhagat, V. S. Sapkal,
Manesh B. Patil and R. S.Sapkal

OP-49:Earth Architecture-Superadobe Construction System

Shanthi Sri Kuppa and
S. Ramya Sri

OP-50:Role of Ions and Electric field on Nucleation Rate in Water
Vapour Condensation
Shivani Avasthi,
Hemendra Tripathi

and
P. P. Pathak

OP-51:A review of the Cognitive Radio network paradigm

Anuj kumar Sharma,
Vipul Sharma and Shiv K. Singh

OP-52:Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Metrics and
Communication Strategies
Tarun Dubey and O.P.Sahu

vii

Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. S. S. Pattnaik
Prof. Heman Pathak
OP-53:Green Computing

Shubhi Agarwal

OP-54:Green Computing Vertika Joshi

OP-55:Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Collector
Technology: A Review

V. V. Tyagi and N. A. Rahim

OP-56:Electrochemical Treatment of Pesticide Effluent Using Rotating
Disc Electrode

P. Vinoth Prabu, R. Palani, and
N. Balasubramanian
OP-57:Experimental study of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle
using the exergy approach

S. Anand, A. Gupta, I. Roy and
S. K. Tyagi

OP-58:Performance evaluation of different types of cook stoves using
energy and exergy analyses
A. K. Pandey, V. Bajala.
S. Sahu, J. P. S. Rajput and
S. K. Tyagi

OP-59:Recycling of valuable metals from electronic waste using
physical beneficiation techniques

Vinod Kumar, Jae-chun Lee,
Jinki Jeong and Doyun Shin

OP-60:Enhancement of Performance Parameters of Three Phase
Induction Motor by Current Source Inverter: An overview and key
issues

Shah Alam Malik , S. K. Sinha,
Bindeshwar Singh , Deependra
Singh, Ankit Kr. Pandey and
Vikas Shukla

OP-61:Mitigation of power quality problems by facts controllers in an
integrated power system: a comprehensive survey

Bindeshwar Singh,
Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar

OP-62:Multi agent-based decentralized knowledge discovery and agent
security: a review

Aman Kumar

and Shiv K. Singh

OP-63:A three dimensional Mathematical Model for atomospheric
dispersion of Toxic Pollutants

Ajendra Kumar and
Virendra Arora
OP-64:A Miniaturised antenna inspired by Metamaterials

Nitin Kumar, Nazia Hasan,
S. C. Gupta and Vipul Sharma

OP-65:Green Computing for Greener Organization

Suyash Bhardwaj and
Poornima Tyagi

OP-66:A BFO Optimized FDTD and Its Application for Skin Cancer
Detection

Vipul Sharma, S. S. Pattnaik,
S. Devi and Tanuj Garg

OP-67:Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Its Applications: A
Selective Review

Vipul Sharma, S. S. Pattnaik,
S. Devi

and Tanuj Garg

OP-68:Adaptive Noise Canceller as a Fetal Electrocardiogram
Extraction Technique
Gorav Kumar Malik,
Vivek Kumar and

viii

Theme: Physical/Chemical Technologies

Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. H. P. Tiwari
Dr. V. Siva kumar

KN-8:Green Chemistry: Domino, Microwave Assisted and
Photochemical Routes to Some Biologically Active Molecules and
Molecular Scaffolds

M. P. S. Ishar

IL-19: My experiments with aniline

Gurdeep Singh

IL-18:Green Chemistry in Academic Laboratory

Asmita Gajbhiye, and
Shailendra Patil

OP-69:Lead Free Polymers in India

R. K. Soni and Anjali Verma

OP-70:Antimony (III) Adsorption on montmorillonite and modified
montmorillonite: a study on Sorption Kinetics

Ansar Anjum and Monika Datta
OP-71: A Variational Theory of the Ground State of Manganites
exhibiting colossal Magnetoresistance

S. Panwar , P. Dua,
A. Chaudhary and R. Kumar

OP-72:Synthesis of privileged template of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-
benzodiazepine containing an Isoxazole and Pyrazole nucleus on its
2-position linked through an Oxyphenyl spacer

Anshu Agarwal, Vandana
Singh, Meenakshi Sharma and
D. Kishore

OP-73:A Comparative Investigation on Adsorption Performances of
Mesoporous Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Rubber Tire
and Activated Carbon for a Hazardous Azo Dye- Acid Blue 113

V. K. Gupta

and Arunima
Nayak

Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: New Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. Ashok K. Prasad
Prof. Chitra Pandey

KN-9:Future of solar technologies: Is electrochemistry the answer?

Anura P. Samantilleke

IL-20:Fourier Transform Raman Spectrum of Biomolecule: 2-Thiouracil M. A. Palafox, Sunil Panwar,
Devendra Singh,Chatar Singh,
R. P. Tanwar

and V. K. Rastogi

IL-21:Use of Iron (III & VI) for various end applications

P. K. Tandon

IL-22:Microgram Determination of toxic aromatic amines - A new
method for estimation of p-toluidine

Prabha Singh

Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall

Ashish nainwal

ix

Chairs: Prof. R. S. Chaudhary
Prof. Ashok K. Sharma

IL-23:Catalytic Role of Gemini Surfactants on the Ninhydrin Amino
Acid/ Peptide Reactions

kabir-ud-din

IL-24:Phase Transfer Catalysis Strategy to Synthesize and Explore
QSAR Model of 3-methyl-4-(8-(2-methylprop-1-enylidene)-6-oxo-
3-aryl-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-purin-7-yl) isoxazol-5(4H)-one as
Potential Antibacterial Agents

Pratibha Sharma, Ashok Kumar
and Prabal Bandyopadhyay

IL-25:A Greener Approach to Todays Toxic World: Chelation &
Microwave technology

A. P. Mishra

IL-26:Green Chemistry: Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis

Ashok K. Yadav

IL-27:Electrochemical incineration of human wastes in confined spaces:
A concept of Green Technology

D. K. Sharma
OP-74:Applications of Biodegradable Polymers in Biomedical Sciences

Ashish Pandey, Balwant Singh
Rawat, Vipin Kumar Sharma,
Prashant Y. Mali and
Navneet Garud

OP-78:A Green Route for the Degradation of Dyes using Ammonium
Phosphomolybdate

Deepa Sachdeva


Chairs: Prof. M. P. S. Ishar
Prof. K. C. Singh

IL-28:Density Functional Theory Calculations and Vibrational Spectral
Analysis of Biomolecule:6-azathymine

Satendra Kumar,
V. Bena Jyothy, Hubert Joe,
M. A. Palafox and V. K Rastogi

IL-29:Photosensitizing Efficacy of Benzoporphyrin Derivatives

M. P. Dobhal

IL-30:Search Green Solvents for the Future

Amalendu Pal

OP-75:Spectroscopic and volumetric studies for binary mixtures of ionic
liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) with
alkoxyalkanols at T= (288.15 to 318.15) K

Amalendu Pal and
Bhupinder Kumar

x
Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: New Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. Monika Datta
Prof. Anura P.Samantilleke

OP-76:Synthesis, In-vivo and In-silico anti inflammatory studies of
substituted fluoro pyrazole

Chandra P. Singh,Zubair Ahmad
and Sandeep Kumar

OP-77:Electrochemical Determination of Piracetum by Adsorptive
Stripping Voltammetry in Pharmaceutical Products and Urine
Sample

Krishna Kumar Jhankal,
Santosh Kumar Joram and
D. K. Sharma

OP-79:Synthesis, structure and characterization of novel di-
oxomolybdenum(VI) complexes having thenil as precursor molecule

Devendra Pratap Rao

OP-80:Synthesis And Chacterization Of Co(Il) Complexes With A New
Azamacrocyclic Ligand With Pendent Arms

Sulekh Chandra, Anupma,
Ranjana dubey

and Garima
pandey

OP-81:Preperation , Characterization and Properties Cross-linked
Guar-Gum/Poly(vinylalcohol) based Films

A. P. Gupta and Gopal arora
OP-82:Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of various
substituted oxo,thiazolidine/oxoazetidine derivatives.

Jagmohan Singh Negi and
Harshvardhan Pant

OP-83:Role of Biebrich Scarlet as a photosensitizing material in
Photogalvanic cell conversion of solar energy into electrical energy

K. R. Genwa and C. P. Sagar

OP-84:Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate
precipitation tube (CoSPT) as adsorbent

D. Chongder, K. Parmar,
S. Bhattacharjee and
N. R. Bandyopadhya

OP-85:Thermal, spectral and antimicrobial studies of some transition
metal complexes derived from bidentate ligands containing N and S
donor atoms

Kiran Singh, Yogender Kumar
and Parvesh Puri

OP-86:Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Salvadora persica
against dental pathogens.

Sanjay, Navneet, Prabhat and
M. M. Tiwari
OP-87:Landfill Gas Processing through Absorption in Alkanolamine

Sanjeev Maken, Ankur Gaur
and Jin-Won Park


Chairs: Prof. K. S.Dhindsa
Dr. Prabha Singh

OP-88:Spectroscopic and Antifungal studies of Terephthalamide and its
complex with Lanthanum Nitrate
R. K. Soni and
Manisha Bhardwaj

OP-89:Novel Strategies to the Facile one pot Synthetic entry of Isoxazole
to the Indolin-2-One Nucleus
Meenakshi Sharma,
Anshu Agarwal, Vandana Singh
and D. Kishore
OP-90:Ecofriendly UV Curing Technology Meenu Teotia and
R. K. Soni

xi

OP-91:Synthesis Of Some Substituted Indoles As Antiviral Agent

Murali Manohar Tiwari

OP-92:Zirconyl nitrate catalyzed: solvent-free synthesis of 2-
aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles
Parvin Kumar, Dinesh Kumar
and Ramesh C. Kamboj

OP-93:Volumetric and viscometric studies on N-N dimethyl acetamide
methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol & n- propyl alcohol binary mixture at
303.15 K

A. G. Peshwe and B. R. Arbad
OP-94:Effect of UV Irradiation in vitro on organic Constituents of
human Exoskleton in Different Age Groups

Poonam Mathur,
A. K. Sinha and Ashok kumar

OP-95:Oxidation Studies of Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols by
Imidazolium Fluorochromate: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach

Deepika Sharma and
Pradeep K. Sharma

OP-96:The Chemistry of , -Ditosyloxy Ketones: New and Convenient
Route for the Synthesis of 4,5-Diarylisoxazoles from ,-Chalcone
Ditosylates

Raj Kamal, Deepak Sharma,
Deepak Wadhwa, and
Om Prakash

OP-97:Studies on Development of biodegradable formulation of natural
rubber latex

S. N. Mishra and R. K. Soni

OP-98:Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Complex relevant
to Green Chemistry

Seema Baniwal, Suresh kumar
and H. V. Pant

OP-99:TLC Enantioresolution of () Naproxen on -Cyclodextrin
Impregnated Silica Gel Layers

Shalini Joshi, Amrita Sharma
and M. S. M. Rawat


Chairs: Prof. Venko Beschkov
Prof. Kabir-ud-din

OP-100:Effect of Organic and In-organic nutrients on the herbage yield
and chemical composition of the volatile oil of Matricaria
chamomilla L
M. M. Nadim and Shamim Ajaz
OP-101:pHmetric Titration: A Green Approach

Shilpa Jain and Monika Datta

OP-102:Highly Efficient one POT, Solid Phase Synthesis of Aurones at
room temperature
Suresh Kumar and
J. K. Makrandi

OP-103:H
+
, Zn
++
and Cd
++
modified forms of ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y as
Catalyst for synthesis of fine chemical
S.Dheeraj, Nandanvankar

H. V.
and U. D. Joshi

OP-104:Development of an Elegant Protocol to the Incorporation of
Privileged Nucleus of 1, 5-Benzodiazepine to the s-Triazine
Framework Through an Aminomethyl Piperidone Bridge

Vandana Singh,
Meenakshi Sharma,
Anshu Agarwal and D. kishore

OP-105: Isolation of astragalin , a flavonol glucoside, from the stem of
nyctanthes arbor-tristis linn.

Rachna Jain

and Mridula Mittal

xii

OP-106: Voltametric redox patterns of some biorelevant sulfonamide
azomethines

Rajeev Jain, A. K. Halve,
Rachana Kathal, Pradeep Soni
and Amit Kankoriya.

OP-107:Annealing Effect on Structural, Transport and Optical
Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films

L. P. Purohit, Vinod Kumar and
R.Kumar

Theme: Nanoscience and Technology

Chairs: Prof. H. P. Tiwari
Prof. S. P. Ojha

KN-10:Clay Polymer Nanocomposites: A Novel Material for Oral
Sustained Drug Delivery System

Monika Datta
KN-11:Study of titania films with highly ordered spherical/macroporous
micro-nano structure and their photocatalytic activity

Weijie Liu and Haining Cui

IL-31:Bioinspired Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis and their
Applications in Imaging, Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Absar Ahmad
IL-32:Self-Assembled Monolayers As A Form Of Bio-Nano
Technology Formation, Characterization and Applications

R. S. Chaudhary

OP-108:Development of Activated Nanoporous Carbons from
Agricultural Solid Wastes and Applications to the
Removal and Recovery of Organics and Inorganics from Water
Adsorption Dynamics

Chinnaiya Namasivayam

OP-109:Clay based nanopigments as multifunctional colorants

Manpreet Kaur and
Monika Datta

OP-110:Toxicological Aspects of Nanoparticles

R. K. Soni and Priyanka Arora

OP-111:Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of BaZrO
3
: Eu
nanophosphors
V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar and
Sheetal

Pharmaceutical and Plant Sciences
Session: 1 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Hall: 102

Chairs: Dr. Dinesh Sachdeva
Prof. M.A.Abdullah

KN-12:Impact of Environment on Chemical Profile of Himalayan
Traditional Medicinal Flora

C. S. Mathela
xiii

IL-33:Biologically active coumarins and their lanthanide(III) complexes Irena Kostova, R. K. Soni and
R. D Kaushik
IL-34:An Avenue for Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products Via
Selective Nucleophilic Reactions on -diketones
Pahup Singh
IL: Environment Friendly Processes for the Synthesis of
Pharmaceutically important compounds
Ashok K. Prasad
OP-112:Design Synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of
Thiosemicarbazones

A. K. Halve and
Jitendra Kumar Gupta


Chairs: Prof. C. S. Mathela
Prof. M. S. M. Rawat

KN-13:Characterization of Biomaterials from Ceiba pentandra and Oil
Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
M. S. Nazir, M. Afzaal,
N. A. Jumat, B. A. Wahjoedi
and M. A. Abdullah
KN-14:Electroanalytical Behaviour of Pharmaceuticals in Solubilized
Systems
Rajeev Jain
IL-35:Natural Products and botanical Pesticides: A Green option Anil K. Pant

IL-36:Chemodiversity: A reflection on the rich biodiversity of the
Himalayas

Chitra pande

IL-37:Studies on Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants

R. N. Yadava

OP-113:Pharmacological Activities of the compound isolated from
Murraya koenigii
Abhishek Mathur,
Rita Kashyap, GBKS Prasad,
and V. K. Dua

OP-114:Sustainable Technique for Agriculture

Anamika Srivastava
OP-115:Growth Response of S. Melongena in Three Different
Adsorbents Irrigated With Sugar Mill Effluent

Sangeeta Madan and
Charu Saxena
OP-116:Chemistry, Safety Profile, Pharmacokinetics and Analysis of
Haloperidol in Biological and Water Samples

H. V. Pant, Prashant Singh,
Suresh Kumar and
Seema Baniwal

OP-117:Anticonvulsant activity of N-aryl-2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-
2yl) Acetamides derivative

Kapil Kumar Goel, Anu,
Nidhi Goel Ashwani Kumar
and Peeush Singhal
OP-118:Medicinal , Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of
Plumbago Zeylanica (L.)
Nisha Sharma and
Purshotam Kaushik

xiv


Chairs: Prof. A. K. Pant
Prof. R. N. Yadav

OP-119:Applications of Polymers for sustained delivery of therapeutics
and biopharmaceuticals

Ramneek Singh
OP-120: Adaptogenic Activity Of The Roots Of Asparagus Racemosus
Willd In Mice

Tanuj Joshi, Negi Deepak and
Khulbe Preeti

OP-121:Antimicrobial Screening and Phytochemical Analysis of
Extracts of Medicinal Plants

Navneet, Prabhat Kumar,
Sanjay and S. S. Gautam
OP-122:Variability in Dendrocalamu Strictus (ROXB.) Nees through
Biochemical Traits

Saira Malik and Sas Biswas

OP-123:Study of mucoadhesive microparticulate drug delivery system
of Isabgol husk for anti-diabetic effect of gliclazide
Vipin K. Sharma,
B. Mazumdar and
Prince P. Sharma

Theme: Science and Technology in Vedic Literature and Indian Philosophy
Session: 1 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Chairs: Prof. Mahaveer
Prof. Ramesh Chandra

KN-15 :Physical Chemistry in life and Indian Philosophy

R. D. Kaushik
KN-16:Environmental rehabilitation through traditional Indian practices

S. P. Ojha

IL-38: iiiiiiti -i iiii -iiiiii i:iiiiiiiii

-i-i i-ii
IL-39: ii -i -iiiii i-i-i-i

iii i-ii-iiiii
IL-40: .|. .++ |., . ! || ~.~ . |
.|

|.rn. r|
IL-41: .. +.- | n .

.. 1

OP-124:Green Buildings: A Vedic Approach

Suyash Bhardwaj and
Murli Manohar Tiwari
OP: Vatavaran Shuddhi Me Vedic Drishti Sudhir Kumar
xv
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 04:30 PM-06:00PM Venue: Hall: 205

Chairs: Prof. S. P. Khatkar
Dr. R. K. Swami

PP-01 to PP-60


Chairs: Prof. Sanjeev Makan
Dr. Rita Mehra

PP-61 to PP-120

Session: 3 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-09:30AM Venue: Hall: 205

Chairs: Dr. M. K. Jha
Dr. S. Tyagi

PP-121 to PP-180

Session: 4 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-11:30AM Venue: Hall: 205

Chairs: Prof. Kabir-ud-din
Dr. D. P. Singh

PP-181 to PP-240


Chairs: Dr. Ashok Kumar
Dr. Subba Rao

PP-241 onwards and Late Poster presentations

1

P-1: Excitement in Radiation Research

Jai Pal Mittal
M. N. Saha Distinguished Fellow, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharastra, India
mittaljp2003@yahoo.co.in

Challenges and excitement of studying unique chemical transformations on blending of High Energy Photons
(energy~1MeV) with chemical compounds will be shared. Efforts to study the reactivity of transient reactive
species such as e
-
aq
, H. atom and OH free radicals with molecules of biological interest with ultra Fast
Spectroscopic techniques such as Pulse Radiolysis will be presented. Recent studies in pico to femtosecond
time scale will be discussed, with their relevance to problems of societal interest.

P-2: Challenges before Green Technologies Development

R. K. Soni
Head, Department of Chemistry, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
rksoni_rks@yahoo.com

Technology development and transfer to an industry is a big challenge for academic institutions. The attempts
are being made worldwide to develop the green technologies with minimum pollution, having potential for
recycling and derived from renewable resources. In the present paper different aspects of technology
development and transfer to industry are discussed. The stages of technology development have been described
and the different factors such as environmental, quality management, resources utilization and time management
have been discussed.

P-3: The Myth and Engineering of Electromagnetic Radition Effect on Human

S. S. Pattnaik
Educational Television Department
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research
Chandigarh, India

2

KN-1: A Capillary Tube Model for eco-friendly Narm of
Propane (hc290) and Isobutane (hc600a)

A. K. Ahluwalia and A. K. Saluja
G. B. Pant engineering college and polytechnic, New Delhi, India
Sachdeva institute of technology Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
aka_com@rediffmail.com

The Montreal Protocol recommended the ban on the use of Chlorofluoro Carbons (CFC) because of high Ozone
Depletion Potential (ODP) and high Global Warming Potential. So, in Refrigeration systems CFC12 was
replaced by Hydrofluoro Carbon, HFC134a which has zero ODP value because of no chlorine atom but due to
its high GWP value (1300), it is also under replacement list by Kyoto Protocol. In the recent years, a Non
Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixture (NARM) of Propane (HC290) and Isobutane (HC600a) is considered to be a
prominent substitute of CFC12 and HFC134a because of zero ODP and very low GWP (4 and 7). In this paper,
a model is developed to study the performance of adiabatic capillary tube in domestic refrigeration system using
vapour compression cycle with NARM of Propane (HC290) and Isobutane (HC600a). This model is based on
Stoecker's basic model which depends on fundamental equations of conservation of mass, energy and
momentum. The model also uses well-established empirical correlations for friction factors. The results of the
proposed model are compared with the existing experimental data over a range of operating conditions. This
model is used to analyse the effect of various parameters like capillary tube diameter, mass flow rate, condenser
temperature and subcooling on the length of capillary tube with CFC12, alternative HFC134a and eco-friendly
NARM of HC290/HC600a having compositions 50/50, 55/45, 60/40 and 65/35 by mass.

KN-2: Atmospheric oxidants, their reactions with acid rain precursors and Green
Technologies for control of pollutants emission

K. S. Gupta
DST Emeritus Scientist, Atmospheric Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
guptaks14@rediffmail.com

Our atmosphere is basically oxidizing and the important major atmospheric oxidants are radicals such as OH,
HO
2
, RO
2
, NO
3
and molecules such as O
3
, O
2
, H
2
O
2
. The photochemical dissociation of NO
2
is the key reaction
and responsible for the formation of oxidants, OH, HO
2
, RO
2
, O
3
, H
2
O
2
, NO
3
, etc. The atmospheric oxidation of
sulfur dioxide/ NO
x
in the gas phase and the oxidation by O
2
, O
3
, and H
2
O
2
in the aqueous phase is the major
cause of acidification of atmospheric waters and thereby of acid rain. The oxidation by oxygen, i. e.,
autoxidation is slow but it is catalyzed by trace metal ions, such as Fe(II/III), Mn(II) and Cu((II), present as
impurities in atmospheric waters. The aqueous phase SO
2
oxidation is greatly influenced by the presence of
NH
3
, VOCs and PAHs.An overview of the acid forming atmospheric reactions shall be discussed and green
technologies for control of pollutants shall be outlined.

KN-3: Essentials of Green Technology: Seven Ws of Going Green

Rajesh Chandra Verma
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, Tel Bhavan, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
vermarc.vig@gmail.com

What is Green Technology: Application of the Environmental sciences to conserve the natural
environment and resources.
Why is it required :
To preserve diminishing resources : if the worlds natural resources are distributed, people
in 2050 will only have 25% of the resources per capita that people in 1950 had.
To protect the environment by controlling Global warming
When : Why it is the high time right now
Global environmental Scenario
Where are we now and where are we heading to

3

Who are involved in the process:
Entire humanity
Role of Business organisations with the rising energy costs and the threat of global warming,
all businesses are now recognizing the benefits of using technology to reduce their carbon
footprint and minimize waste.
Role of Individuals
How:
Using sustainable building plans i.e. Green buildings
Implementing restrictions on waste
Cut in Carbon emissions to protect our climate system.
Use renewable energy
Conserve water
Recycle materials
Curb Pollution Through Sensible Regulation
Preventing Further Environmental Destruction
Where is it required most
World Carbon foot print profile
We, the Global Citizens : Role, Responsibilities and Challenges ahead
ONGCs participation in the Green Movement: Milestones achieved

KN-4: New approaches in photovoltaic solar cells

Bernab Mar Soucase
Departament de Fsica Aplicada, Universitat Politcnica de Valncia, Valncia, Spain
bmari@fis.upv.es

Getting electricity from clean, renewable sources is a necessity in our society that can not be longer extended.
On the one hand there is a growing demand for energy worldwide and on the other hand the progressive
depletion of natural resources and deterioration of the environment of the planet must be stopped. To meet these
challenges energy production systems and in particular photovoltaic (PV) technology has to evolve towards
systems increasingly efficient and inexpensive.
This talk will present new concepts for the development of a new generation of solar cells (SC) able to meet
current and future sustainable energy generation. The new generation of PV solar cells will be based in
approaches involving the use of new materials with high conversion efficiencies and low-cost fabrication
techniques.
Increased conversion efficiencies involve the use of new materials able to host Intermediate Bands (1),
luminescent materials for up and down photon conversion as well as dedicated nanostructures (2). Low-cost
devices require the use of abundant materials and inexpensive fabrication techniques.
Electrodeposition (ED) and Spray Pyrolysis (SP) are well-suited techniques for meeting these purposes. ED is
essentially a non-vacuum approach to fabricate high quality thin-film materials for PV modules that could lower
the manufacturing costs by over 50%. The ED technique offers the most attractive range of benefits leading to
the low cost fabrication of PV cells, such as high rate of deposition, high resolution, high shape fidelity, self
purification, scalability and good compatibility with existing processes. SP adds another cost effective step in
low-cost solar cells because the transparent conducting oxide layers and/or some absorbers can also be
deposited. Both techniques can be implemented on inline PV devices processing through exclusively non-
vacuum techniques. Part of these developments is been implemented under NanoCIS project funded by the FP7
framework of the European Union. This project involves 7 universities across 3 continents

KN-5: Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent chromium, Mercury, PBB and PBDEs
determination in Indian electronic gadgets and their RoHS compliance

N. R. Munirathnam
*
, Ch. Appala Naidu, K. Ramaswamy, B. Mahender, R. Govindiah,
Ch. Sudheer, M. R. P. Reddy, Sandip Chatterjee
1
and T. L. Prakash,
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), IDA, Phase-III, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, India
1
Department of Information Technology, CGO complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India

The increased use of electrical and electronic equipments and the high rate of obsolescence of these equipment
lead to an increased generation of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste), which has become a major global
4
concern in the last couple of decades. For example, India has increased its sales of one of its electronic gadgets
(mobile phones) alone from 213 million in 2011 to 231 million in 2012, up by 8.5%, when compared to its
previous year sales. India is contributing nearly 12% of worldwide sales of cellular mobile phones. They are
expected to reach 322 million numbers in India by 2015 (The Hindu, Business/Markets, page 16, 22
nd

November 2011). Out of 1000 million mobile phones present in India, 10% of them are expected to become
obsolete every six months, leading to nearly 1500 tonnes of toxic materials generation per year, assuming about
7.5 g of toxic materials is generated in each mobile phone. In this context, it is worthwhile to mention that the
Ministry of Environment and Forest has recently notified E-Waste (Handling and Management) Rules, 2011,
which will become effective from May 2012. This rule is set to assign responsibility to all stakeholders.
Restriction of hazardous substances as per European Directive is to minimize the electronic and electrical waste
which will have limit of restriction of the presence of hazardous substances such has cadmium (Cd) less than
0.1%, lead (Pb) and hexavalent chromium (Cr
+6
), mercury (Hg), poly brominated biphenyls (PPB), poly
brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) less than 0.01% each. In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE), plastic components are important as they contain catalysts, stabilizes, colorants. As most of the
plastics are chemical resistant, it is difficult to bring them in to solution form to analyze. Keeping in view the
large number of such components in the growing market, the controlling mechanism requires simple, accurate
and cheaper analytical methods.
Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) is a scientific society under Department of
Information Technology (DIT), Govt. of India, has recently been accreditated as per ISO 17025:2005 by
National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratory (NABL) in the area of chemical analysis of
electronic materials (polymers, metals, etc.) for its stste of the art analytical facility established for first time for
RoHS compliance. In this piece of research work, Electron dispersive x-ray Florescence Spectrometry
(EDXRF), Microwave Digestion System (MDS) assisted Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and AAS
with hydride generator (for Hg analysis only), UV-visible spectrophotometer, Gas Chromatogaphy (GCMS)
techniques were used to estimate the trace toxicity of heavy elements like Pb, Cd, Cr
+6
, Hg and PBBs & PBDEs
in some of the electronic gadgets. In this contribution, typical analyses with spiking studies were carried out.
The RSD% are found to be within the acceptable range including for that of spiked samples. The details of
sample powders preparation, sample dissolution, and analytical procedures, spiking & recovery studies were
also discussed.

KN-6: New Generation of Materials for More Efficient Solar Energy Use:
Quantum Modeling and Experimental Realizations

P. Wahnn
*
, P. Palacios, I. Aguilera, Y. Seminovski, J. C. Conesa
2
, R. Lucena
2
and F. Fresno
2
ETSI Telecomunicacin, Univ. Politcnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Instituto de Catlisis y Petroleoqumica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
perla@etsit.upm.es

The intermediate band (IB) concept has been recently introduced to propose novel photovoltaic solar cell with
enhanced efficiency. To realize this principle we have proposed in recent years, on the basis of quantum
mechanical calculations, several materials where a metal or heavy element substitutes an atom in a known
semiconductor with appropriate band gap, creating inside the band gap a partially filled band. This new
intermediate band, allows the absorption of low energy photons inside the gap increasing the photo-current and
also maintaining the photo-voltage.
We present here compounds derived from different families of chalcogenides semiconductors, mainly
chalcopyrites and spinels thin film and layered compounds:
- Transition metal substituted CuGaS
2
or similar chalcopyrite, where the thermodynamics of formation is seen to
be less disfavourable than e.g. insertion of Mn in GaAs.
- In
2
S
3
and other sulphides containing octahedral In. The V-doped In
2
S
3
material is particularly promising. We
have synthesized it in nanocrystalline form and shown that its optical absorption spectrum has the features
predicted by quantum calculations. Recent photocatalytic tests made with it show that the V dopant extends its
spectral response down to the IR range without increasing recombination.
- Octahedral Sn
IV
sulphide and other similar compounds show also, according to theoretical modeling the
formation of an IB with the desired characteristics when transition metals are introduced at Sn sites. The
experimental synthesis of such sulphide show optical absorption spectra matching again the expectations for an
IB material
5
.
- In Si heavily doped with Ti, the desired IB electronic structure appears if Ti lies at interstitial sites. Such
material has been prepared by ion implantation methods and its electrical properties show uncommon features
explained by the formation of an IB as predicted by the DFT calculations. We also show that substitution of Si
by S or Se, accompanied by hole doping, provides an IB material as well.
5
An overview of these systems, including results obtained on them using high level, state-of-the-art quantum
calculation methods will be presented. Experimental results obtained for such novel IB materials matching in all
cases the theoretical predictions.

KN-7: Microbial Denitrification Stimulated By Constant Electric Field

Venko N. Beschkov

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia -1113, Bulgaria
bioreac@bas.bg

Nitrate is one of the most severe pollutants, resulted from industry, agriculture and requiring serious treatment.
It was discovered that microbial denitrification could considerably be enhanced and stimulated by constant
electric field. The nature of this combined effect is still not sufficiently clear. On the other hand this process of
treatment could be applied as energy producing one, with electric power generation in microbial fuel cell
operation on nitrate reduction by organic pollutants. The present review considers the last achievements and the
problems in bio-electrochemical water denitrification and perspectives for microbial fuel cell operation based on
this process

KN-8: Green Chemistry: Domino, Microwave Assisted and Photochemical Routes to
Some Biologically Active Molecules and Molecular Scaffolds

M. P. S. Ishar
Vicechancellor, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
mpsishar@yahoo.com

The paradigm of Green chemistry encompasses all those approaches, which are aimed at minimizing and
eliminating the use, and generation of hazardous chemicals. This necessitates the development of
environmentally benign chemical products and processes, which requires an understanding of the fate and
pharmacological effects of xenobiotics, including environmental pharmacokinetics. The green methodology
requires development of atom economic routes, making use of less /non-hazardous renewable feed-stocks,
reagents and reaction conditions, solvent free conditions, reuse of solvents, use of catalytic rather than
equivalent amounts of reagents and applications of a number of non-conventional techniques along with
attempts at chemical fixation of green house gases such as carbon dioxide. Domino transformations represent
one pot atom economic protocols, whose application along with microwave assisted and photochemical
transformations for the synthesis of a variety of biologically active molecules / molecular scaffolds such as
novel Benzo[b]indolizines (1) antimalarial and cytotoxic endoperoxides (2), novel cytotoxic polycyclic
Lactones (3), variety of substituted and chromone fused cytotoxic Isoxazolidines (4, 5), 1,4-Dihydropyridines
(6), Cyclopropane, and -Aminoalcohol based scaffolds (7, 8) for peptidomimetics, shall be presented.

O
O
O
A r
2
H
O
H
O
H
H
A r
3

N
O
P h
H
O
R '
H
b A r
H
a
H
4
N
O
O
H
CO
2
Et
X
1

O H
O
N H
R
'
R
H
H
3
C
H
8
O
O
N
O N
R
1
H
H
R
Ph
H
d
H
c
H
b
5
N
COOEt
CH
2
R
R'
NO
2
6 7
R
O
O
O
H
CH
2
H
2
C
CH
2
H
2
C
OH
HN
N.
H
H
OH
H

6
KN-9: Future of solar technologies: Is electrochemistry the answer?

Anura P. Samantilleke
Centro de Fisica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, Braga-4710057, Portugal
anura@fisica.uminho.pt

The current worldwide power generation of photovoltaics (PVs) is above 40GW and the entire industry is
growing over 25% per year[1]. There is a potential for this rate at which the demand is increasing, to increase as
well. A combination of increased energy prices and fears over global warming are pushing up demand for PVs.
PVs offer a near limitless supply of carbon neutral energy that could alleviate both problems at the same time.
The efficiency of solar cells has increased to 43% as a result of extensive research during the last two decades,
which also brought achieving grid-parity a step closer.
Third generation PVs promises to drastically reduce the cost of solar energy even below the grid-parity
(~$1/Watt), to less than $0.20/Watt [3]. However, realisation of such low costs involves achieving theoretical
upper limits for solar cell efficiencies while maintaining minimum production costs. In theory, as the Figure 1
shows, thermodynamics fundamentally limit the energy conversion efficiency of a single junction solar cell to a
maximum 32% under 1 sun conditions [4], which is the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. However, a multi-
junction solar cell with an infinite number of junctions can achieve 86% efficiency under maximum solar
concentration. With such high efficiencies, the cost-per-watt can drop but this strongly depends on the
fabrication technique.
Among the techniques, electrochemical deposition offers a wide choice. Electrochemical deposition is often also
called "electrodeposition (ED)", and the two terms are used interchangeably. The process is simple; uses
electrical current to reduce cations of a desired material from a salt to co-deposit a thin film onto a conductive
substrate surface. Electrodeposition has several attractive attributes that make it suitable for low-cost
applications, such as (a) the ability to grow functional material through masks, (b) deposition at low (room)
temperature from aqueous electrolytes as well as (c) scalability to the deposition of a few atoms or up to large
dimensions.
The scope of ED for next generation PV is wide open and with increased desire to discover low cost methods of
fabrication of solar cells, ED stands out. This work will cover thin film solar cell materials deposited by ED
with an emphasis to the fabrication of nanomaterials by ED for PV applications.

KN-10: Clay Polymer Nanocomposites: A Novel Material for Oral Sustained Drug
Delivery System

Monika Datta

Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
monikadatta_chem@yahoo.co.in

Modified drug delivery systems recently received great interests because they realized the effective and
controlled delivery of drug and minimized the side effects resulting from the traditional drug-dosage form in the
pharmaceutical field. There is a strong need for the development of modified oral drug delivery system which
could be able to retain the drug in harsh acidic media of stomach, maintain the appropriate drug level within the
circulation over a longer period of time and controlled the release of most frequently used drug in order to
reduce the multiple dosing and improve the patient compliance.
One class of drug delivery system that has received attention in the recent years is represented by inorganic
layered materials (clay minerals). Clay polymer nanocomposites a novel emerging class of materials can
combine the advantageous properties of biodegradable, biocompatible polymers and medical clay. Clay polymer
nanocomposites are capable to accommodate/encapsulate substantial amount of active therapeutic compounds
which could be released in a controlled manner.
The present research work focus on the development of clay polymer nanocomposites as oral controlled drug
delivery systems for different kinds of well known hydrophilic drugs suffering with short biological half life.
Different methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of drug loaded clay polymer nanocomposites.
To investigate the status of clay, polymer and drug, the synthesized clay polymer nanocomposites have been
characterized by number of appropriate analytical techniques. The release profile of the encapsulated drugs
shows a controlled release pattern in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids.
On the basis of the results obtained, these clay polymer nanocomposites could be represented as modified drug
delivery system for oral controlled release of drugs in the pharmaceutical field.

7
KN-11: Study of titania films with highly ordered spherical/macroporous micro-nano

structure and their photocatalytic activity

Weijie Liu and Haining Cui
Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Zhaoqing- 52606,
Jilin University Changchun-130021, P. R. China

Recently, semiconductors have been applied widely in photodegradation of the environmental pollutants. This
photocatalysis process utilizing semiconductor Titania shows many advantages. It is one of the most promising
photocatalysts. It can completely destruct the undesirable contaminants (pollutants) in both liquid and gaseous
phase by using solar or artificial light illumination. In this paper, titania with ordered spherical/macroporous
micro-nano structure were prepared by colloidal crystal templating process and sol-gel technology, which
consists of ordered hollow Ag/TiO
2
spheres, ordered hollow TiO
2
spheres, TiO
2
inverse opal and TiO
2
/Ag
inverse opal. The sample was characterized by SEM and XRD. XRD and XPS patterns show that titania is
anatase and silver is existed as simple substance. The successful preparation of ordered hollow structure
supplies a new way for other ordered hollow materials. The titania inverse opal exhibits more obvious
characteristics of photonic crystal, which is attributed to the uniformity of the sample morphology as well as the
elimination of large area structural distortion.
We evaluated the photocatalytic ability of ordered hollow Ag/TiO
2
spheresthe resultant TiO
2
inverse opal and
TiO
2
/Ag inverse opal. The reproducibility of the photocatalyst indicates the photocatalytic activity of the sample
has not decreased in the several reactions. If it can be further investigated and be utilized in practical
application, it will play an important role in environment pollution.

KN-12: Impact of Environment on Chemical Profile of Himalayan Traditional
Medicinal Flora

C. S. Mathela

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
mathelacs@gmail.com

Out of more than 2.5 lakh higher plant species spread world over, approximately one-third are medicinal and
their products are marketed as medicines, cosmetics and perfumery chemicals. Of nearly 3000 herbal drugs
described in Ayurvedic Materia Medica, over 50% of species prescribed in ISM (Indian Systems of Medicine)
have their origin in Himalaya. The Himalayan herbs have been part of social, medicinal a cultural life of the
inhabitants of this region.
The formation of secondary metabolites in organisms is influenced by environmental, genetic, and
physiological factors which ultimately contribute to the overall phytochemical profile of plants. We have
noticed drastic qualitative and quantitative chemical variations in herbal/ aromatic/ medicinal plants collected
from different microclimatic areas of this region. Our objective has been to investigate plant chemodiversity
and affect of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors in their formation within the plants and aimed at
developing a better understanding of the complexity behind formation, accumulation dynamics, functions of
these compounds and their use in the sustainable development of this region. The species investigated include
Valeriana, Tanacetum, Senecio, Elsholtzia, Ajuga, Pimpinella, Nepeta, Cymbopogon and Lauraceae species.
Ajuga species possesses strong anti-feedant activity and observed to be a rich source of diterpenoids and new
neo-clerodanes were isolated. Valeriana, Cymbopogon, Tanacetum and Elsholtzia species has revealed
independent existence of stable chemotypes with wide range of chemical variations. Cordyceps sinensis,
popularly called as keera jari (insect herb), is found in Chhipla kedar 13,000 ft Himalayan meadows, relieves
asthma, increases lung function, boots sex drive/ sex stimulant, improves athletic performance (removes
fatigue), increases vital energy levels and is more powerful than Ginseng. Valeriana species (Tagar), has been
an ingredient of herbal medicines in Indian systems of medicine used in the treatment of obesity, skin diseases,
insanity, epilepsy and snake poisoning. The roots/ rhizome are highly aromatic and Valerian oil is in great
demand. Though morphologically indistinguishable, V. wallichii exist as distinct chemotypes. Our
observations reveal presence of certain toxic metals, pesticides etc in some of the samples above permissible
limits collected from the polluted areas.

8
KN-13: Characterization of Biomaterials from Ceiba pentandra and Oil Palm Empty
Fruit Bunch

M. S. Nazir
1
, M. Afzaal
1
, N. A. Jumat
1
, B. A.Wahjoedi
2
and M. A. Abdullah
1*
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
2
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
azmuddin@petronas.com.my

Lignocellulosic biomass has sustainable properties such as renewable, biodegradable and recyclable. The main
structural unit of typical Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Lignocellulose is fibrous, rod-shaped material and arranged in parallel fashion with deposition of different
amount of lignin and hemicelluloses to render stiff and rigid structure. The fibril arrangement is important in
determining the intended applications. The contribution of physical and chemical structure of Ceiba pentandra
(kapok) and Oil Palm Empty Fruit bunch (OPEFB) lignocellulosic raw and treated fibers and their green
composites were studied. Kapok fibers were found to be cylindrical, rod-shaped covered with natural wax-
coating giving its smooth surface. The smooth waxy-coating and the air-trapped within the hollow lumen
network contribute towards oleophilic characters. OPEFB fibers showed tight fibril staked morphology and
inter-fibrillar cavities filled with lignin and hemicelluloses. Both Kapok and OPEFB fibers had similar wax
functional group as shown by FTIR spectra at peak values of 1637-1648 cm
-1
and 1375 cm
-1
suggesting
stretching wavelength number in the region of aldehyde, alcohol and fatty acids. OPEFB fiber may have less
waxy surface and negligible porosity rendering it weaker oleophilicity. The oleophilic nature of Kapok fibers,
purely synthesized OPEFB fibers and their clay composites were further tested by F726-99 (ASTM, 1998c) and
column bed technique. Kapok fibers exhibited excellent hydrophobicoleophilic characteristics which showed
their potential use for oily water filtration. With untreated kapok, 99% of diesel in the 2.5% diesel/water
emulsion could be removed in the column bed filtration system. Kapok and OPEFB fibers composites have the
potential applications not only in oil removal, but also heavy metal removal from wastes. These materials
showed weak metal chelation due to the presence of O-H and COOH functionality. The chemical and
mechanical properties of composites can be improved further for other environmental remediation and
biomedical applications.

KN-14: Electroanalytical Behaviour of Pharmaceuticals in Solubilized Systems

Rajeev Jain
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India

Solubilization into aqueous media is of major importance and represent an attractive alternative to toxic organic
solvents. The solubilization of materials in biological systems sheds light on the mechanisms of the interaction
of drugs and other pharmaceutical materials with lipid bilayers and membranes. Moreover, in the formulation of
drugs surfactants perform a vital role as their ability to form micelles in aqueous solutions as well as biological
fluids appears to be of great importance with respect to pharmacokinetic behaviour of the formulated drugs due
to the drug entrapment in the micelles, plasma concentration and clearance of free drug. Electrochemistry in
micellar media has attracted considerable attention during the last two decades as studies in such a medium
provide a model for membrane-mediated processes. Micellar media have also been used for the redox titrations
of proteins, electrochemical synthesis and analysis, reductive dehalogenation of organohalides and for the
determination of several organo-chlorine pesticides.
Many papers illustrating effects of surfactants have appeared in the literature. From the voluminous literature
available on chemically modified electrodes, it is clear that surface modification is an important area of study in
modern electrochemistry and any research carried out in this direction will be of great interest especially due to
the several application possibilities of these electrodes. Introduction of surfactants in this area of work adds a
new and useful dimension to these investigations. It is well founded that very few investigations were made on
the role of surfactants in surface modification of electrodes, as can be seen from the meager publications
available in this regard. We studied the influence of surfactants on the modification of electrodes with different
materials.

9
KN-15: Physical Chemistry in life and Indian Philosophy

R. D. Kaushik
Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
rduttkaushik@yahoo.co.in

While teaching science and undertaking research, we encounter similarity in the scientific concepts and the
concepts given in Vedic literature in particular and Indian philosophy in general. The striking resemblances
made me think over new lines and some of the points are worth presenting. These include atomic theory, atomic
models, Maxwell-Boltzmanns distribution of energy and velocity amongst particles in motion, the life motion
after death, thermodynamics in life and Indian philosophy, the atomic spectrum and concept of Kunadalini etc.
These points and possibility of further research shall be presented and discussed.

KN-16: Environmental rehabilitation through traditional Indian practices

S. P. Ojha
Ex Vice-Chancellor, CCS University, Meerut, U.P., India
spojha@yahoo.com

Nature has fixity of purpose on this planet. Earth was magnetized with a view to protect the living beings from
cosmic shower. Ozone layer was provided to protect the earth from ultraviolet and X-rays. Only tiny amount of
carbon dioxide was provided by the nature on this earth. It is a strong wish of the nature that things must survive
on the earth. Therefore, we should follow the wish of the nature by bringing in green technologies through
various means. Ancient Indian traditions had always been following methods and techniques which are in one
way or other, in coherence with rehabilitation of the consumed resources of nature. We must again adopt those
techniques and make them suitable for modern times for securing future.

10

IL-1: Pollution abatement through waste utilization in Building materials

Manjit Singh

Environmental Science &Technology and Clay Products Divisions, Central Building Research Institute (CBRI),
Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
manjit_csr@rediffmail.com

Development of construction materials has emerged with the advancement of human civilization. Building
materials which contribute to 70 to 75% of the cost of construction depends upon the locations, namely rural,
small town, medium town, cities and metropolitan. The shortage of building materials can be fulfilled by
changing the paradigms of building materials use and nature of technology to be adopted.
Huge quantity of agro-industrials wastes are being produced per annum of various agricultural and industrial
processes in India. The industrial wastes are rich source of SiO
2
, Al
2
O
3
, Fe
2
O
3
, CaO, MgO, SO
3
, Na
2
O, K
2
O,
etc. These are potential constituents, which may be considered as the raw and the finished building materials.
Many new cements and cementitious binding materials can be produced from these wastes by their judicious
selection and combinations. Thus, use of industrial wastes and by products is significant in developing building
material components, providing a solution for the problems being faced in the housing industries and also
protection of environment. Efforts made towards utilization of different industrial wastes such as waste gypsum,
fly ash, slag, waste lime, rice husk, etc. in making value added building materials and components has been
described and discussed in the paper.

IL-2: Regulatory framework for safe management of hazardous chemicals
R. K. Suri
Ministry of Environment & Forests, Parayavaran Bhavan, C. G. O. Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
suri.rk@nic.in , rk_suri@yahoo.co.uk

Many aspects of our lives have been enhanced by chemicals. The society is dependent in many ways on the
chemical industry to maintain current standards of living and improve the quality of our lives. We look to
chemicals to meet our most fundamental needs for food, shelter and clothing. We use it to develop materials
vital to advances in biotechnology, communication and medicine. Society has benefited enormously from
advances in chemical industry. The rapid growth in the use of hazardous chemicals in industry and trade has
brought about a very significant increase in the number of people, both workers and members of the general
public, whose life could be endangered at any one time by an accident involving these chemicals. The rapid
pace of progress in modern technology allows less opportunity for learning by trial and error, making it
increasingly necessary to get, design and operating procedures right the first time. However, safeguards in the
chemical industry are not limited to the factory floor alone. Public concern at multiple injuries and deaths from
spectacular events such as a major explosion invariably leads to calls for additional controls at national and
international levels. It is therefore, important, particularly for projects involving the storage and use of
hazardous chemicals, to address both on-site and off-site safety when deciding on the safety measures to be
applied. Safety, health and environment in industries handling hazardous materials has always been a matter of
concern for Government of India. Over the years, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has created
comprehensive legal and institutional structure for management of hazardous materials and protection of the
environment which interalia include Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986; Manufacturing Storage and Import
of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 (amended in October 1994 and January, 2000), Environment
Impact Assessment (EIA), Notification 1994 (as amended from time to time) , Chemical Accidents ( Emergency
Planning, Preparedness and Response Rules,1996, Public Liability Insurance Act,1991. The present paper
highlights the salient features of the prominent legislation promulgated/enacted by MoEF for safe management
of hazardous chemicals and wastes under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as well as provisions touching
on certain other aspects to storage, transportation and regulation of hazardous substances contained in the
Factories Act of 1948, the Mines Act of 1952, Atomic Energy Act of 1962, the Insecticide Act of 1968.

11

IL-3: Role of industry and non-governmental organizations in enviornmental protection
& improvement

R. K. Suri and M. Subba Rao
Ministry of Environment & Forests, C. G. O. Complex, New Delhi, India
suri.rk@nic.in, rk_suri@yahoo.co.uk

Conservation, protection and preservation of the environment have been the cornerstone of Indian ethos, culture
and tradition. The concern for environment and the need to conserve it have been ingrained in our history,
culture, tradition and philosophy. It is also enshrined in our Constitution. Indeed, the desire for sustainable
development has been a part of the Indian heritage embedded in the profound respect for nature resulting in a
harmonious co-existence of our people with other living beings. However, the pace of development and
consumerism supplemented by the galloping population growth, have brought the seeds of environmental
degradation. Therefore, environment protection has become a serious concern of our society. The major role of
the Government is enacting environment legislation and ensuring their proper implementation by all concerned.
The increasing regulatory, judicial and public pressure has lead the industries to think and act seriously on
pollution abatement. The conventional End-of-Pipe Pollution Control approach is expensive, space intensive,
involves advanced technology and hence, beyond the reach of most of the small and medium enterprises. Also,
increasing competition in the market is forcing the industries to cut down their manufacturing costs. Under the
circumstances, the importance of Green Technologies/Cleaner Production is being appreciated by the industries,
in their own interest. The ultimate objective of green production or cleaner production is to protect the
environment and secure sustainable development. With such a broad objective, environment protection
necessarily requires the cooperation of many, if not all, sectors of society. Obviously, green productivity focuses
on one sector, the business and industry. But for green productivity to be achieved and succeed, other sectors
like the government, the community, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the media, consumer groups,
schools, etc., must also play important roles. Within the industrial sector, there are also roles for specific sub
sectors. Some of the most significant are described in this paper.

IL-4: Greener alternatives to Radiolabeling Fluorescent Colorants in bio-analytical
Techniques

N. Sekar
Dyestuff Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Maunga, Mumbai, India
n.sekar@ictmumbai.edu.in, sekarnm@rediffmail.com , drnsekar4562000@yahoo.co.in

The developments in science and technology are today mainly dependent on the availability of highly sensitive
analytical techniques, and this is particularly true for environmental science, medicine, pharmacy, and cellular
biology, where there have been many new developments in new techniques and reagents. One of the most
common methodologies used for bioanalytical purposes happens to be labelling, which can be carried out with
radioactive materials or compounds with absorption and/or fluorescence from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared
region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
In several applications use of organic molecules in non-fluorescent labelling, in the ultraviolet and visible
regions has been extremely important. There has been however, in recent years, sporadic growth in analytical
techniques based on fluorescence; this area has received special attention and notable progress has been made in
both fluorescence instrumentation and synthesis of new fluorophores.
Materials with a wide range of absorption-emission characteristics are used in fluorescence labelling. The
materials used in this context are semiconductor nanocrystals, fluorescent proteins, or organic molecules. The
organic fluorescent materials, especially fluorescent dyes may form covalent or non-covalent linkages with the
target sample to be analyzed. The entities arising out of this covalent or non-covalent interaction between
materials to e analysed and fluorescent materials called bio-conjugates or complexes which can show
fluorescence from short to very long wavelengths, depending on the marker used.
Several organic molecules with intrinsic fluorescence are available in the literature for use in such areas. The
required properties of these molecules are in general good gradation of fluorescence emission as a function of
microenvironment, perceivably higher fluorescent intensities, reasonable photo- and thermal stability, and
appreciable good fluorescence quantum yield. There exists intrinsic interest in the development of new
fluorophores. However development of newer fluorophores with absorption and emission at long wavelengths
is of extreme importance for biological purposes.
The organic fluorophoric systems providing fluorescence from the near-ultraviolet to approximately 500 nm
include oxobenzopyrans, naphthofurans, oligothiophenes, 4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-diones, benzooxadiazoles,
12

dansyl chloride, naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxaldehyde, and 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene. Majority
of these fluorogenic systems owe their existence in the context of textile colouring materials including
fluorescent whitening agents. However enormous synthetic manipulations need to be exercised in order to
obtain materials with required performance standards.
The organic fluorescent materials having emission characteristics between 500 nm and the near-infrared (ca.
900 nm) happen to be of special interest in this context. Some of them are from the well-known textile colorants
as well as laser dyes. However, again several structural manipulations are needed to suit the purpose. The
chemical classes comprise of fluoresceins (including biarsenical dyes), rhodamines, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-
diaza-s-indacenes (BODIPY dyes), squaraines, and cyanines.

IL-5: Assessment of land contamination based on sediment geochemistry and dispersion
pattern of heavy metals in the intermontane pinjaur dun, sub-Himalaya

N. K. Saini
*
, K. K. Purohit and P. P. Khanna
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
saini_nk@wihg.res.in

Pollution of the natural environment by heavy metals is a worldwide problem and people are aware of the need
for investigation of geochemical anomalies in the environment that arise from natural phenomenon or as a result
of human interference with the environment. Although geochemical anomalies, which affect health, occur
naturally, humans themselves can adversely affect the environment by the dispersal of waste and indiscriminate
use of fertilizers, pesticides etc. The need for a multifaceted study using superficial soil/stream sediments as
medium has been warranted for a long time. Geochemical mapping using stream sediments and sub-soils is one
of the most widely used approaches adopted for this purpose to represent the abundance and distribution of
various heavy metals. Also valley sediments and residual soil, together with overbank/floodplain sediments are
considered as the most representative of surface environment in various climates and geological environments
and have traditionally been found to be very useful in assessing environmental degradation. Therefore
geochemical baselines or natural background concentrations of elements in the secondary environment are
needed for environmental legislation and decision making.
Geochemical investigations taking stream sediments as medium were conducted in Pinjaur Dun, NW Himalaya
to study the spatial distribution of selected metals ( Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, and Ti), to determine the extent
of anthropogenic input. The Concentration of Pb, Zn and Cu show relatively appreciable amount of
contamination in the sediments of Jhajra catchment in comparison to Sirsa catchment. Extent of contamination,
delineated using geo-accumulation index (I-geo) indicates that the sediments are moderately contaminated with
Cu and Zn and strongly contaminated with Pb. The natural metal/aluminum relationships was used to
distinguish natural from contaminated sediments for a number of metals and metalloids commonly released to
the environment due to anthropogenic activities. Aluminum was chosen as a reference element to normalize
sediment metals concentrations as it is assumed to have had a uniform flux to the sediments over the past
century from crustal rock sources, and its concentration is generally not influenced by anthropogenic sources.
Accumulation of heavy metals with exception of Cu, Zn and Pb show association with silicates particularly the
clays, whereas Cu, Zn and Pb are related to some other source other than sedimentary processes or lithological
factors, most probably anthropogenic. Higher metal concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cu are mainly found close to
highly populated areas and industrial establishments, indicating enhancement of metal concentration due to
leaching of metals from garbage and industrial sewage. Higher concentrations of these metals are alarming,
hence necessary checks be made for efficient disposal of waste from the municipal as well as industrial
establishment. The baseline data presented here should be useful for further studies on the metal geochemistry
of the sediments and also for assessing health hazard in the area.

IL-6: Global water challenges with reference to Arsenic contamination and mitigation
approach

Ram Gopal
Former Director, DRDO, MOD, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India
drramgopal@sify.com

Sustained supply of safe and potable water is of paramount importance in promotion of health and well-being of
the people. Today world is facing a number of challenges affecting the availability, accessibility, use and
sustainability of its fresh water resources. Global studies show a challenging future and a chaotic view, when
considering total use and water availability in third millennium.
13

India occupying 2.5% of the total surface of globe with 2.45% of the fresh water resources and highest annual
average rain fall of 10,000 to 12,000 mm in Arunachal Pradesh is not able to provide safe drinking water and
sanitation systems to our all countrymen. Further to problem of excess fluoride in ground water is endemic in 19
states of India covering 88 million people, who are at risk. Depending upon extent of distribution of excess
fluoride in ground water in different districts, the states have been classified into three categories mildly
affected, moderately affected and severely affected states. The domestic consumption of water under normal
condition is about 135 LPCD as per IS: 1172-1072 and 40 LPCD for human being and additional 30 LPCD for
cattle in desert areas. Looking at our domestic consumption of 16.7 km
3
in 1985, 24.2 km
3
in 2000 and 40 km
3

in 2005, we have a challenging task ahead of us.
Government of India under National Water Policy approved in 1987 and National Drinking Water Mission has
launched a number of multipurpose projects through different ministries, S&T departments, councils, national
institutes and universities to provide safe water for drinking, industries, agriculture, recreation etc. The mission
aims at finding low cost treatment for problems of arsenic, iron, fluoride, salinity and brackishness,
bacteriological contaminations, improving the charges of ground water and wetland systems and developing the
traditional water retention structures in hill, desert and tribal areas through use of appropriate technology.
Recently (2011) Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), an autonomous body
under DST has also started deliberations under Technology Vision 2035 Programme on Water Technologies
and Related Issues for harnessing available water resources in a sustainable manner.
The status of water treatment technologies with specific reference to arsenic contamination developed by
various S&T agencies in India and mitigation approach will be deliberated during the conference. A number of
arsenic and iron removal plants developed by these agencies have been installed under different projects funded
and monitored by Central and State Governments and a large population in the country is being safe drinking
water free from arsenic and iron as per norms laid down by drinking water standards.

IL-7: Biological marker for assessing metal body burden of workers
Prone to hazards of metal in their work environment

Rita Mehra
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry,
Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
mehra_rita@rediffmail.com

In recent times, industrial and technological advancements have resulted into loading all compartments of
environment with both non-essential and toxic metals, which is bound to adversely affect human life. To
eliminate preventable diseases it is necessary to quantify exposure to metals in the environment and control the
work environment in particular. The analysis of such tissues where elemental analysis of such human tissues in
which certain trace/toxic metals get accumulated provide a good method of assessment of the metals body
burden. In broad sense, biomarkers are specific indicators measured in or biological materials that define an
exposure or response to that exposure. Biological material using body tissues such as hair and nail has been used
for screening, diagnosis and assessment of occupational exposure to metals, correlation with environmental
exposure gradients, pathological diseases, health risks and in forensic medicine. The concentrations of metals
contained in hair can be related to various parameters of human life such as smoking habit, nutritional status,
period of exposure, disease status, cosmetic use etc. Availability of sophisticated instruments providing accurate
results make possible the determination of trace concentrations of metals. This makes such studies significant as
there is a need for such data so that concerned authorities can take necessary preventive measures to minimize
the toxic effects of metals on the workers prone to hazards of these metals. Monitoring the metal
bioaccumulation in the organisms need a strict quality control in analysis. Interlaboratory analysis adds to the
reliability and validity of data in biomonitoring of trace/toxic metals. Few details of the observations with
respect to these aspects of biomonitoring made in metal exposure assessment studies are being emphasized and
highlighted.

IL-8: Green Technology: Business opportunity of Global climate change

Anurag Singh
1*
and V. K. Singh
2
1
Faculty of Management Studies, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Faculty of Management Studies, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate into the strategies taken by the Indian automobile sector to
face the challenges of climate change.It is a descriptive study. The study is based on the secondary data
14

collected primarily from the web sites of the ten leading automobile manufacturers in India. The other sources
include research papers published online and journals, news agencies, blogs, news papers etc.
It is found that Indian automakers are giving adequate weightage to the problem of climate change and
accordingly they are taking initiatives to control this problem. Indian automakers are now focusing on the
development of a technology which emits less CO
2
in the environment and becomes green technology. In this
regard they are introducing the term green marketing, which again is highlighting and offering the consumers a
product which is less polluting and more environments friendly. It is also found that some of the economic
compulsions like increasing petroleum prices and to explore the unexplored market have prompted the
companies to go for the green marketing.

IL-9: Green Technologies The Global Challenges

H. R. P. Yadav
HQ Cell, the Institution of Engineers, New Delhi, India
hqcelldelhi@gmail.com

India has been facing great challenges for establishing Green Technologies to achieve Sustainable Industrial
Growth. The Planning Commission, Govt. of India has been emphasizing on optimizing the limited resources
optimally by framing policies for enhancing energy efficiency, energy conservation etc. Technologies need to be
upgraded by replacing old technologies, modifications in design of the equipments for improving efficiencies,
better performance, minimum consumption of fuel; etc. The developments and innovations in the existing
technologies for meeting energy demands for various sectors such as power, constructions, transportation,
household etc will facilitate meet the environmental concerns in view of the global threat of Climate Change
and Global Warming. The 12
th
Five-Year Plan starting from 2012 indicates the emphasis on new infrastructure
and enhancing effectiveness of the existing plants for productivity, cost of service and products. The Green
Technologies will not only meet the requirement of demand-supply position but also will provide the
opportunity to achieve sustainability through desired economic growth. The energy efficient plants will be
sufficient to yield desired products with less carbon emissions. Human resource development, less carbon
intensive technologies, risk management through integration of latest ICT system and processes etc will show
case the potential of growth.

IL-10: Conducting polymer composites based supercapacitors as green energy
storage devices

Ashok K. Sharma

Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, D. C. R University of Science & Technology
Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana, India
aksharma210@gmail.com

The study describes the formation of composites of polyaniline (PANI)-Carbon Nanotube (CNT) using in- situ
chemical oxidative polymerization of the monomer aniline. The PANI-CNT composites were characterized by
FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy and XRD method. The surface morphology of the composites was
characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pseudo-capacitive behavior of deposited PANI
over the surface of CNT was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The composite was mixed with
activated carbon for making electrode. The specific capacitance of as such prepared electrode was tested by
means of half cell test. The PANI-CNT composite with 0.02M aniline in initial polymerization solution had the
thinnest layer and highest specific capacitance of 543.95 F/g at scan rate of 2mV/s in aqueous electrolyte.
IL-11: Role of fractals in modelling the natural objects

Bhagwati Prasad
Department of Mathematics, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
b_prasad10@yahoo.com, bhagwati.prasad@jiit.ac.in

Most of the natural objects such as the profiles of mountain ranges, the tops of clouds, roofs of caves and
horizons over forests are generally rough, unsmoothed and have some degree of self-similarity. Mandelbrot
[Mandelbrot B.B.: The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Updated and Augmented, International Business Machines,
Thomas J. Watson Research Center, H. Freeman and Company, New York 1977] introduced fractals to study
such objects. These real world objects are too irregular to be modeled with the help of traditional interpolation
15

methods. M. F. Barnsley [Barnsley, M.F.: Fractal functions and interpolation. Constr. Approx., Vol. 2, pp. 303-
329, 1986] proposed the concept of fractal interpolation function (FIF) to describe such real world data. This
technique is widely used in simulation, modelling and computer graphics. In many cases the function
represented by given data set is not self-affine in the entire range but it is piecewise self-affine. This paper
presents a glimpse of the role of fractal theory in modeling such irregular and self similar objects.

IL-12: Problem of locating mobile agents in the Global network and proposed solutions

Heman Pathak
Department of computer Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
hemanp@rediffmail.com

Mobile Agent (MA) is an autonomous and identifiable software process that travels through a network of
heterogeneous machine and act autonomously on behalf of user. Its applications range from e-commerce,
telecommunications, and information searching to process coordination, mobile computing, and network
management. Once MA is launched in the open network like Internet, its creator has no control over it and has
no information about its location until it come back to the creator after completing its itinerary.
For some MA applications, the ability of creator to communicate with agents in real-time is essential for
supporting co-ordination and co-operation. Thus Mobile Agent (MA) location monitoring is a necessary
mechanism for Mobile Agent System (MAS) in highly dynamic and large-scale networks to control and
communicate with agents after launching.
The major issue with location management in MA computing is to locate MA in real time with minimum
overhead. The major overhead associated with location management is the high cost to update and search the
database. The goal of an efficient location management strategy is to provide low cost of location search and
updates. The cost of a location update and search is characterized by the time taken for each operation, number
of messages sent, size of messages, or the distance the messages need to travel. An efficient location
management strategy should attempt to minimize the combined cost of the location search and update.
This paper briefly introduce three location management mechanisms: Always Search, Always Update and A
novel region based Hybrid Location Management Mechanism (HLLM), which divides the global network in
regions and then combines search and update both to locate MA.
Paper also introduces the Colored Petri Net (CPN), based modelling of various components of all three
mechanisms. Once the model is constructed, various tools provided by CPN such as monitoring, state space and
user controlled simulation have been used to check the correctness of the modelled system. Various data
gathering and report generation tools have also been used to generate and collect the data required for analysis.

IL-13: Thin film based Sensors and MEMS

K. Rajanna
Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
kraj@isu.iisc.ernet.in

In this talk, I will highlight about our Research and Development (R & D) activity on thin film based sensors.
To start with, brief outline of the importance of thin film technology for sensors development will be
introduced. Further, I will discuss about the Work carried out in my group here at IISc on thin film strain
sensors and the application of these for other measuring systems namely, pressure transducers and ion thrust
measurement system. This includes the information about the different steps followed for the development of
transducers and their performance study. Efforts made by us in developing relatively newer type of sensor
namely tactile sensor and the related aspects will also be covered in my talk. Our on-going activity on the
development of low-cost acoustic sensor and semiconducting gas sensors with noble metal nanoparticles will
also be discussed. Apart from the above, the importance and advantages of MEMS technology will be
highlighted. Also specific types of MEMS based sensors development and their applications will be discussed.
IL-14: Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): A overview

Manis Kumar Jha
1*
, Archana Kumari
1
, Vinay Kumar
1
and Jae-chun Lee
2
1
Metal Extraction and Forming Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India
2
Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Korea
mkjha@nmlindia.org

16

Economic growth, technological advances and the obsolescence of electronic equipments in the market is
increasing the amount of electronic waste, generally termed as e-waste, immeasurably around the globe. E-
waste describes the discarded electrical or electronic devices comprising of obsolete computers, mobile phones,
televisions, microwave ovens and other such appliances that had past their useful lives. These wastes contain
hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials. Due to the supremacy of e-waste management, countries are
being enforced to establish new models for the collection and environmentally sound disposal of these wastes.
Recycling is the most effective and vital solution to this growing e-waste problem. E-waste recycling is essential
due to the national and international report which cautioned on the global generation, treatment and
accumulation of e-waste. Apart from metal recovery, it reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused
by the manufacturing of new products. Global data indicate that total e-waste generation including imports is
around 20-50 million tones per year. In India, 332,979 tones of e-waste were generated in 2007, in addition to
50,000 tones of illegal imports of waste. This is estimated to reach approximately up to 470,000 tones by the
year 2011. Among these, recycling by non-formal and formal sectors are 95% and 5% respectively. But
informal processing of electronic waste in developing countries may cause serious health and pollution
problems. Present lecture is an overview of the recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
and developing processes at NML.

IL-15: Innovative use of waste materials in road works-different aspects

R. K. Swami and Uma Arun
CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, India
rkswami.crri@nic.in

The world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated. Disposal issue of the waste
products is a challenge. Some of the waste materials produced today are not biodegradable and will remain in
the environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years. The creation of non decaying waste materials,
combined with a growing consumer population leads to waste disposal crisis and environmental pollution.
Traditionally soil, stone aggregates, sand, bitumen, cement etc, are used for road construction. Natural material
being exhaustible in nature, its quantity is declining fast. Also, cost of extracting good quality of natural
material is increasing. Concerned about this, the scientists are looking for alternative materials for highway
construction and waste materials are such a category. If these materials can be suitably utilized in highway
construction, the pollution and disposal problems may partly be reduced. R&D Work on new and innovative
uses of waste materials is continually advancing. Many highway agencies, research organizations have
completed or are in the process of completing a wide variety of studies and research projects concerning the
feasibility, environmental suitability and performance of using industrial wastes and by-products in road
construction. At Central Road Research Institute, R&D work on many waste materials such as; pulverized fuel
ash, metallurgical industry wastes & byproducts, quarry waste, diamond mine waste, paper industry waste,
agriculture wastes , municipal waste and construction& demolition waste etc. have been completed and
established by constructing test sections. The post construction performance was at par and some time better
than the conventional materials. Despite establishment of potential of different waste materials and by-products
as good road construction materials they have not found their proper place in construction industry. The present
paper discusses the reasons for using waste materials, arguments for/against their use, inhibiting factors,
economics and environmental aspects.
The literature and experiences have shown both positive and negative aspects regarding the use of waste
materials and by products in road construction. Some usages are already established practice whereas other
require special efforts to promote known or potential uses taking into account technical, economic
environmental and energy factors. There is much scope for future research, and concerted action between
research, administration and industry is needed to foster the development of new technology.

IL-16: Europium activated oxides - Alternative Red phosphors for energy
efficient solid state lighting

V. Sivakumar
1*
and U. V. Varadaraju
2
1
Department of Chemistry, NIT Rourkela, Orissa, India
2
Materials Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
vsiva@nitrkl.ac.in

Inorganic luminescent materials have attracted a great attention of research interest due to their role in emerging
technologies such as energy efficient solid state lighting devices (including LEDs). Search for alternative stable
17

inorganic rare earth red phosphors with high absorption in the near UV/blue spectral region is attractive
research task.
Eu
3+
luminescence in alkaline earth molybdates and tungstates of the type A
2
BBO
6
[A= Ba, Sr, B=Ca; B = Mo
and W] is investigated. Intense charge transfer band absorption is observed in both the compounds. In
Sr
2
CaMoO
6
, intense orange red emission and orange emission are observed for substitution of Eu
3+
at A-site
and at B-site respectively. In the case of Ba
2
CaMoO
6
, intense orange emission is observed for substitution at
both the sites (A&B). Eu
3+
substituted double perovskites [A
2
BBO
6
], shows excellent orange red emission
with broad and intense absorption in the near UV region. However, pure red emission is imperative for RBG
based white LEDs. Eu
3+
substituted Ca
2
MgMO
6
[M = W, Mo] show pure intense red emission, due to their non-
centrosymmetric cationic site. Selected compositions show better emission intensity compare to that of
commercial sulfide based red phosphors.

IL-17: Development of some metal-terpyridyl complexes as catalyst

Priti Sinha and Lallan Mishra
Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
lmishrabhu@yahoo.co.in

Ruthenium complexes containing terpyridyl ligands have been a focal point for investigation in many research
topics including photochemistry, electron transfer reactions, luminescent sensing, light-emitting devices,
photosensitizers and catalysis. The main advantages of the terpyridyl module over a bipyridyl analogue owe to
its facile functionalization, ability to construct linear arrays and facilitate the formation of achiral metal
complexes. Thus, the problem inherent in the use of [Ru(bpy)
3
]
2+
as structural motif providing diastereomeric
complexes as a mixture of fac and mer isomer could be minimized by the use of a tridentate ligand. Terpyridyl
has been considered as an unusually strong -acceptor relative to other N-donors and is also both oxidatively
and thermally robust and is commercially available. There are however only a few examples of M-terpy
complexes used in catalysis. Recently, Crabtree et al. have reported Beckmann rearrangement for one pot
synthesis of amides using terpyridinesruthenium complexes as catalyst. In view of this novel report, it was
considered worthwhile to prepare a series of metal-terpyridyl complexes and explore their catalytic activity. In
solution , complexes are characterized using 1Hnmr, 13Cnmr and 1H-1H- COSY nmr spectral studies. In solid
state, complexes are characterized using their single crystal X-ray diffraction data. A detail account of such
studies would be presented during the lecture.

IL-18: Green Chemistry in Academic Laboratory

Asmita Gajbhiye
1*
and Shailendra Patil
2

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, M. P., India
2
Globus College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, M. P., India
asmitapatil27@rediffmail.com

Green chemistry is defined as invention, design, development and application of chemical products and
processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and
environment. According to Green chemistry, Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the
incorporation of all materials used in the process into final product. Wherever practical, synthetic methodologies
should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and
environments. Experiments should involve the use of alternative reagents which are not only eco-friendly but
also be easily available anywhere in the country in bulk quantities at very cheap price. They should not
preferably involve the use of organic solvents (like ether, petroleum ether or ethyl acetate); ethanol and
methanol are mostly preferred.
Attempts are being made not only to quantify the greenness of a chemical process but also to factor in other
variables such as chemical yield, the price of reaction components, safety in handling chemicals, hardware
demands, energy profile and ease of product workup and purification. In one quantitative study the reduction of
nitrobenzene to aniline receives 64 points out of 100 marking it as an acceptable synthesis overall whereas a
synthesis of an amide using HMDS is only described as adequate with a combined 32 points.
Green chemistry is increasingly seen as a powerful tool that researchers must use to evaluate the environmental
impact of nanotechnology. As nanomaterials are developed, the environmental and human health impacts of
both the products themselves and the processes to make them must be considered to ensure their long-term
economic viability.

18

IL-19: My experiments with Aniline

Gurdip Singh
Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U. P., India
gsingh4us@yahoo.com

Exaustive studies have been undertaken on the compounds synthesize from aniline and its derivatives which
find application in organic synthesis, dyes, drugs, phase transfer catalyst, propellants and explosives. Aniline
and its derivatives react with sulphuric, nitric, perchloric acids and NTO to form their respective salts. The
thermolysis of sulfate salts was found to give aminobenzene sulphonic acid by green chemistry. However,
nitrate, perchlorate NTOate salts were found to undergo thermal decomposition via proton transfer process to
form gaseous products.
The schematic pathways for their thermal decomposition have also been proposed. The kinetics of their thermal
decomposition have also been evaluated using mechanism based kinetic model and isoconversional method.

IL-20: Fourier Transform Raman Spectrum of Biomolecule: 2-Thiouracil

M. A. Palafox
1*
, Sunil Panwar
2
, Devendra Singh
2
, Chatar Singh
3
, R. P. Tanwar
4
and V. K. Rastogi
5

1
Departamento de Qumica-Fisica I. Facultad de Ciencias Qumicas
Universidad Complutense. Madrid- 28040, Spain
2
Department of Applied Physics, F.E.T, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India
3
Department of Physics, DAV College, Muzaffarnagar, India
4
Department of Physics, GGDSD (PG) College, Palwal, India
5
Department of Physics, CCS University Campus, Meerut, India

alcolea@quim.ucm.es

The essential biological importance of uracil ans its derivatives has motivated a number of studies on the
structure and spectroscopy of these molecules. The vibrational spectra of uracil derivatives have been studied by
several workers, recent studies being those of Rastogi et al and Palafox et al [1-4].. The nucleic acid bases with
sulphur atom instead of oxygen atom have been a subject of considerable interest since they were detected in
natural t-RNAs. Thiouracil derivatives attract much attention because they exhibit pharmacological activities e.g
6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil is a potent antithyroid drug, fluorinated-2-thiouracil derivatives reveal antitumor and
antithyroid activity. Among thiouracils, 2-thiouracil (2TU) offers special importance. 2TU has been identified in
t-RNA and it plays an important role in anticancer and antiviral activity. The chemotherapeutic activityof 2TU
is due to its ready incorporation into the nucleic acid impeding the melanoma tumors growth. 2TU also induces
modifications in the thyroid gland, and thus it is known as an antithyroid drug. From the spectroscopy point of
view the vibrational spectra of 2TU has been studied earlier [5],however there appears some doubts. Therefore,
in the present work we have recorded the FT-Raman spectrum of this important medicinal species to identify the
various fundamental modes of vibrations and to clarify the doubts using the DFT method (at B3LYP/6-31G**
level). The Raman spectrum has been interpreted by assuming planar geometry and Cs point group symmetry
of the molecule.

IL-21: Use of Iron (III & VI) for various end applications

P. K. Tandon
Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U. P., India
pktandon1@gmail.com

Due to immense importance triad of group VIII of periodic table is commonly known as the Iron Group.
Hexacyanoferrate(III), in which iron exists in its (III) oxidation state has long been used as an oxidant
presumably due its cheap availability, less complexity involved in the estimation and its capability to act in
acidic and alkaline medium both. Based on the assumption that slight interaction of the electronic levels of
oxidant and reductant is sufficient to permit electron transfer hexacyanoferrate(III) functions in the oxidation-
reduction reactions as a simple one electron abstracting reagent and oxidation invariably occurs via a direct
charge transfer process, Fe(CN)
6
3-
+ e
-
Fe(CN)
6
4-
.
Recently iron as iron ferrate has been shown to of immense importance in which iron exists in its lesser known
(VI) and (V) oxidation states. Ferrate ions due to their unique characteristics of oxidant and coagulant can be
used both as oxidant and coagulant for industrial effluents and wastewater treatment also apart from being used
as very powerful oxidizing agent for various organic and inorganic substrates. Multi-step tedious and time-
consuming separation of potassium ferrate restricts its use for various end applications. Thus, use of ferrates
19

without following the troublesome process of its separation, will be a welcome step. Present work deals with the
use of hexacyanoferrate(III) and ferrate ions as oxidants in the oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds
and their use in removal of contaminants from drinking water.

IL-22: Microgram Determination of toxic aromatic amines - A new method for
estimation of p-toluidine

Prabha Singh
Department of Chemistry, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India
drprabhasinghchem@yahoo.co.in

The toxicity of most of the aromatic amines is well known. The kinetic-mechanistic studies made on Mn(II)
catalysed periodate oxidation of p-toluidine and already reported by us, have been used in this presentation for
developing new method for kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of TOL in micrograms in aqueous/ mixed
media. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the absorbance of reaction
intermediate. The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of p-toluidine in acetone-water medium is first order
with respect to catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. Besides the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters and
stoichiometry, the effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic strength and free radical scavengers was
also studied to develop the conditions for determination of p-toluidine in the range 74.84 to 429.04 g/ml. The
characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendells sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery,
effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. The main reaction product characterized
on the basis of melting point and spectroscopic studies, is 4-methyl-1, 2-benzoquinone. Suitable mechanism for
the reaction is proposed.

IL-23: Catalytic Role of Gemini Surfactants on the Ninhydrin Amino Acid/ Peptide
Reactions

Kabir-ud-Din
Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
kabir7@rediffmail.com

Systems involving surfactants constitute a field of great interest due to their wide ranging uses in pharmaceutical
formulations, detergents, personal care products, etc. Surfactant aggregation in aqueous and non-aqueous media
has also been utilized to mimic the microenvironments of biomacromolecular ensembles. Therefore, physics,
chemistry and biology meet at the frontier area of interdisciplinary research on association colloids formed by
surfactants. Various kinetic studies have been undertaken in micellar media to elucidate the actual micellar rate
effect caused by a composite of noncovalent interactions between the micelles on one hand and the reactant and
activated complex on the other. The application of ninhydrin for the estimation and detection of amino
acids/peptides has great importance in revealing finger prints, due to the formation of coloured product known
as Ruhemanns purple. The method, though useful, still has much room for improvements. Continuous efforts
are, therefore, being made to improve the method. We have also made notable contribution towards this. In this
lecture I shall present the work on ninhydrin-amino acid/peptide reactions under varied experimental conditions
including the effect of surfactants. The pseudo-phase model was used to evaluate the parameters. The gemini
surfactants were found to be more effective than their conventional counterpart. Owing to their very low cmc
values, substantially less amounts are to be used and thus gemini surfactants fall into the category of Green
Surfactants.

IL-24: Phase Transfer Catalysis Strategy to Synthesize and Explore QSAR Model of 3-
methyl-4-(8-(2-methylprop-1-enylidene)-6-oxo-3-aryl-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-purin-7-
yl) isoxazol-5(4H)-one as Potential Antibacterial Agents

Pratibha Sharma
*
, Ashok Kumar, and Prabal Bandyopadhyay
School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M. P., India
drpratibhasharma@yahoo.com

Phase transfer organocatalysis is a versatile research area that is rapidly gaining significance for economically
and environmentally friendly organic synthesis, both in academia and in industry. This strategy has been
explored to synthesize a number of useful chemical products of practical applications such as pharmaceuticals,
plant protection agents, dyes, photographic chemicals etc. In the present context, the utility of this technique was
20

explored to synthesize some isoxazole coupled purine derivatives of biological significance. The purine nucleus
is found in a wide variety of biologically active molecules including nucleotides, enzyme co-factors and
pharmaceutical agents.
Thus in quest of developing a synthetic strategy for purine heterocycles, a novel unprecedented route delineating
the state of art under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions has been designed. The synthesis of newly
designed purine derivatives was achieved by the insertion of a reactive intermediate, viz., dimethylvinylidine
carbene (generated in situ) into the N=N moiety of precursor viz., 3-methyl-4-((6-oxo-3-aryl-2-thioxo-
1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl)diazenyl)isoxazol-5(4H)-one (4a-e) after exploring the great potential of
quaternary ammonium salts as the effective PTC in this regard (Scheme1). Further, such insertion followed by
successive cyclization and rearrangement yields appropriately substituted derivatives of 3-methyl-4-(8-(2-
methylprop-1-enylidene)-6-oxo-3-aryl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-purin-7-yl)isoxazol-5(4H)-one (9a-e).
The compounds were synthesized in excellent yields (72-81%) and their structures were corroborated on the
basis of FT-IR, NMR, FAB-Mass data. Their purity has been ascertained on the basis of HPLC studies.
Further, rising prevalence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has led us to screen these synthesized compounds
against the panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio
cholerae, Escherichia coli) in a view to extract them as potential antimicrobial agents. Ampicillin was used as
the standard antibiotic in order to compare the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds. Almost all
the synthesized compounds have shown good to excellent antimicrobial activities.
Moreover, the interactions of drug with their biological counterparts are determined by intermolecular forces,
i.e. by hydrophobic, polar, electrostatic and steric interactions. Quantitative structure activity relationship
(QSAR) study was performed to deduce theoretical models vis--vis to develop a correlation between
physiochemical parameter and the manifested biological activity profile.

IL-25: A Greener Approach to Todays Toxic World: Chelation & Microwave
technology

A. P. Mishra
Bioinorganic Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, H.S.Gour University, Sagar, M. P., India
apm19@rediffmail.com

Twelve principles of Green Chemistry emphasizes to reduce the load of toxic materials from the nature, land &
lab, and also from the body of all living beings.Heavy metals dont talk- they just leave silent footprints. The
roman Empire was destroyed , in part, by lead poisoning from the goblets which Romans used in their daily
drinks. Poisonous metals like Hg, Pb, Pb, As & Al, are present in everything from our dental fillings to our fish,
cookware, paint, pipes, car exhaust, batteries and air & water. In a recent U.S. study on children and adults,
investigators found traces of 11 heavy metals in their bodies.
These metals blend to create the toxicity that suppresses our immune and nervous systems. Heavy metal
poisoning can be both profound & subtle, leading to chronic disabilities, illness, and susceptibility to infection,
high blood pressure, kidney damage, depression and impaired mental functioning. Moreover, excess of essential
trace metal can also cause toxicity in body. What is the answer? We can not step off the world and stop living;
but we can use cutting edge chelation techniques- both oral and intravenous- to help ferry these toxic metals out
of our tissue, and restore & protect our health. Toxic metals can lead to excessive free radical proliferation ,
which can damage cell membranes, making them far more vulnerable to damage.
Chelation helps protection of cell membranes, allowing the bodys natural healing mechanism to halt & often
reverse the disease process. Chelation comes in many forms through agents like EDTA, DMSA, DMPS, NTA .
Even supplements like N-acetyl cystein & alpha lipoic acid which works to be good chelators. All chelating
agents bind with metal ions, excrete them out through urine & stool. Chelation therapy is one of the best kept
secretes for improving health. Chelation, impacts more than just heavy metals. In turn, it can also help to control
toxicity of organic drugs. It seems to quench free radical damage and restore the flexibility & function of blood
vessels throughout the body. It even lowers the risk of cancer. Combined with nutrient and mineral therapy, it
gives a lot of improvements. Safe and oral nutrient chelators like Chlorella, selenium (helps to reduce Hg
toxicity), Vit-C (Ascorbic and Citric acids), garlic (mild chelator) etc., have been recommended. The combined
triad of- intravenous chelation therapy, nutrients and mineral therapy and oral chelation with safe, healthy
substances, have proved beneficial to a wide range of patients- from dancers to heart patients & to the
neurologically impaired.
The Chelation Therapy has emerged also, as an artery cleaning medical device. Metal chelated multidrug
therapy ( Combination therapy and Synergistic action ) and metal ion mediated delivery and distribution of
pharmaceuticals/ nutriceuticals may come up as a part solution of the problems like drug resistance in 21st
century, this may be pursued as a thrust area for further explorations.
21

Microwave assisted synthesis of metal chelates has also been marked as one of the emerging synthetic
technique in inorganic & metallo-organic chemistry.

IL-26: Green Chemistry: Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis

Ashok K. Yadav
Department of Chemistry, Unibversity of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
drakyada@yahoo.co.in

This lecture will describe a clean and environmentally benign methodology used in the organic synthesis.
Emphasis will be given to the application of ionic liquid mediated synthesis of a variety of reactions,viz.
Friedlander, Knoevengal/Robinson annulations, hydrogenation, Diels-Alder, olefin epoxidation, Heck
reaction,Swern oxidation,RCM, ringclosure methasis, heterocyclic synthesis, etc.The future scope of the
methodology will also be discussed.

IL-27: Electrochemical incineration of human wastes in confined spaces: A concept of
Green Technology

D. K. Sharma
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
sharmadkuor@gmail.com

The novel technology of waste removal in space vehicles by electrochemical methods is presented to convert
wastes into chemicals that can be eventually recycled. The important consideration for waste oxidation is to
select a right kind of electrode (anode) material that should be stable under anodic conditions and also a poor
electrocatalyst for oxygen and chlorine evolution. On the basis of long term electrolysis experiments on seven
different electrodes and on the basis of total organic carbon reduced, two best electrodes were identified. The
effect of redox ions on the electrolyte was studied. Though most of the experiments were done in mixtures of
urine and waste, the experiments with redox couples involved 2.5 M sulfuric acid in order to avoid the
precipitation of redox ions by urea. Two methods for long term electrolysis of waste were investigated: (1) the
oxidation on Pt and lead dioxide electrodes using the galvanostatic methods; and (2) potentiostatic method on
other electrodes. The advantage of the first method is the faster rate of oxidation. The chlorine evolution in the
second method is ten times less than in the first. The accomplished research has shown that urine/feces mixtures
can be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, but current densities are low and must be improved. The
perovskite and Ti
4
O
7
coated with RuO
2
is the best electrode materials found. Recent experiment with the redox
agent improves the current density; however, sulphuric acid is required to keep the redox agent in solution to
enhance oxidation effectively. It is desirable to reduce the use of acid and/or find substitutes.

IL-28: Density Functional Theory Calculations and Vibrational Spectral Analysis
of Biomolecule:6-azathymine

Satendra Kumar
1
, V. Bena Jyothy
2
, Hubert Joe
3
, M. A. Palafox
4
and V. K. Rastogi
1
1
Department of Physics, CCS University Campus, Meerut, India
2
Department of Physics, Women's Christian College, Nagercoil, India
3
Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Trivandram, India
4
Departamento de Qumica-Fisica I. Facultad de Ciencias Qumicas
Universidad Complutense. Madrid- 28040, Spain
hubertjoe@gmail.com

The structure of molecules is the primary basis for understanding and predicting their physical, chemical,
biological and material properties. Quantum chemical DFT methods are now-a-days able to provide highly
accurate results for molecular properties. In addition , theoretical prediction of vibrational spectra of polyatomic
molecules play a fundamental role in the area of vibrational spectroscopy and can be used reliably for accurate
vibrational assignments.
Azathymine is 6N analog of thymine. From the spectroscopy point of view, the vibrational spectra of 6-
azathymine has been studied earlier by Rai and he has made the assignments without any theoretical support.
However, there appear some doubts. Therefore, in the present work we have recorded the FT-IR nd FT-Raman
spectra of this important medicinal species to identify the various fundamental modes of vibrations and to
clarify the doubts using the DFT method (at B3LYP/6-31G** level). The FT-IR spectrum shall be presented.
22

The vibrational spectra have been interpreted by assuming planar geometry and C
s
point group symmetry of the
molecule. With this point group the 36 fundamental modes may be classified into 25a and 11a symmetry
species. The most important findings of this study are :
(1) We have identified and assigned all the 36 normal modes of vibrations. The assignment was mainly based
on the DFT calculations, and, therefore, for the first time, they appear very accurate.
(2) A medium band at 1593 cm
-1
in the Raman spectrum has been identified as the skeleton stretching
vibration and thus we see that the replacement of CH group with N atom has little effect.The absence of OH
band (in the region 3500-3700 cm
-1
) and appearance of C=O modes in the region (1600-1750 cm
-1
) as strong
bands in the spectra indicate that in solid state the molecule exist in ketonic form.

IL-29: Photosensitizing Efficacy of Benzoporphyrin Derivatives

M. P. Dobhal
mpdobhal@yahoo.com

Recently various long wavelength absorbing photosensitizers have been evaluated for establishing the
photodynamic therapy efficacy. One such photosensitizer, which has shown limited skin phototoxicity, is
benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD). However, it shows low tumor specificity and retains in tumor only for a short
time. Although lipophilicity plays an important role in drug development, it is imperative to have a hydrophobic
matrix, which could allow drug interaction through the cell membrane. A quantitative structure-activity
relationship (QSAR) of a series of 3-(1-alkoxy)ethyl analogs of pyropheophirbide-a showed a parabolic
relationship between the overall lipophilicity and PDT efficacy. Among the compounds investigated, the hexyl
ether analog (HPPH) was most effective, which is currently in Phase II human clinical trials. In this
presentation, I will dwell upon the efficacy of the insertion of central metal and inter cellular mechanism, PDT
efficiency of the BPD series of compounds:
N NH
COOCH
3
N
HN

N NH
H
3
COOC
N
NH
N O
R
O
H
3
COOC
H
3
COOC
H
3
C

N N
H
3
COOC
N
N
H
3
COOC
H
3
COOC
H
3
C
COOCH
3
In X

IL-30: Search Green Solvents for the Future

Amalendu Pal
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
palchem@sify.com

Green Chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of
hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Thus, a need with safe
green laboratory experiments is felt by the academic community.There is rapidly growing worldwide scientific
and industrial interest in ionic liquids (ILs) over the past years as a green solvent. ILs is organic salts composed
entirely of ions, with melting points below 100C. These are usually molten salts or molten oxides. It has been
noted that the properties of molten salts as a solvent for chemical processes differ from those of aqueous and
organic solvents. They also exhibit many interesting properties such as very low vapor pressure, low melting
point (< 373 K), a wide liquid range, stability up to high temperature, and high solubility for both polar and
nonpolar organic and inorganic substances. Due to their nonvolatile nature and favorable solvation properties,
RTILs are rapidly gaining interest as greener replacements for traditional volatile organic solvents. These ionic
liquids have been recently used as green solvents in catalysis, chemical synthesis, extraction process, chemical
processing, synthesis of ion conducting polymers, applications in bio-technology field, liquid-liquid separations,
vapourliquid equilibria, batteries, and fuel cells investigations.
23

Among many application fields of ILs, there are increasing number of development of chemical processes with
the help of ILs. A classical chemical plant can be roughly divided into three steps: preparation, reaction and
separation. Although the reactor can be considered the heart or core of the chemical plant, often 60-80 % of the
total costs are caused by the separation step, where the various thermal separation processes, in chemical
industry most often distillation, are applied to obtain the final products with desired purity ,to recycle the
uncoverted reactants, and to remove the undesired side product.

IL-31: Bioinspired Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis and their Applications in
Imaging, Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Absar Ahmad
Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
a.ahmad@ncl.res.in

Inorganic nanomaterials of different sizes, shapes and chemical compositions possess great potential for future
clinical applications in imaging, diagnosis, photothermal therapy and therapeutics. One of the important
challenges of considerable topical significance in nanotechnology is the development of eco-friendly
experimental processes for the economical synthesis of nanomaterials in large quantities of variable size, shape
and chemical composition. While it is recognized that some of the most exquisite nanomaterials are made by
biological systems (examples include silica in diatoms and magnetite in magnetotactic bacteria), the potential to
exploit microorganisms in a creative manner in the laboratory for eco-friendly synthesis of nanomaterials is still
largely under-exploited. In this talk, we describe our research into the use of plant microorganisms and plant
extracts in the synthesis of biocompatible, water soluble, fluorescent and protein capped metal, metal sulfide,
quantum dots and oxide nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes. In a significant departure from bacteria-
based methods for nanomaterial synthesis that have been investigated in some detail, we have shown that plant
microorganisms such as fungi and actinomycetes when challenged with aqueous metal ions are capable of
reducing the ions both intra and extra-cellularly resulting in the formation of stable metal nanoparticles. The
formation of metal nanoparticles occurs by an enzymatic process and thus, the fungus-based synthesis process is
not limited to reduction reactions alone. The versatility of this approach is underlined by our findings that
enzymes such as sulphite reductase, nitrate reductase and hydrolyzing proteins are secreted by the fungi in
response to metal stress thereby leading to the possibility of synthesis of quantum dots, metal nanoparticles and
nanooxides. The biosynthesis of nanooxides using fungi is exciting since the synthesis occurs at room
temperature and thus could be of considerable commercial value.Fungi enjoy a close symbiotic relationship with
plants and hence, it is quite likely that plant extracts may also possess useful biomolecules which not only carry
out the range of biotransformations listed above but also control the shape of nanoparticles. We have studied a
number of plant extracts for realizing metal nanoparticles and have observed that the Geranium and Lemongrass
extracts result in shape modulated gold nanoparticles. In particular, the reaction of aqueous gold ions with
Lemongrass extract resulted in the large-scale synthesis of gold nanotriangles with interesting near infrared
absorption. Potential application of the gold nanotriangles, magnetite and other inorganic nanoparticles in
hyperthermia of cancer cells, diagnosis, imaging and therapeutic are being investigated. We have also isolated,
purified and completely characterized a range of plant based drugs such as Taxol, Vinblastine and Vincristine
from endophytic fungi and recently initiated further important steps of functionalizing the nanoparticles
synthesized by green chemistry approach for targeted drug delivery applications.

IL-32: Self-Assembled Monolayers as a Form of Bio-Nano Technology
Formation, Characterization and Applications

R. S. Chaudhary
Advanced Educational Institutions, Faridabad, Haryana, India
rschaudhary1@yahoo.com
Molecular Self Assembly is the organization of molecules in an ordered fashion without any external intelligent
intervention. There are numerous examples of molecular self assembly in nature. Human beings, plants, trees,
animals etc. have molecular self assembly processing occurring somewhere in their bodies. Molecular self
assembly is crucial to the function of cells and it is exhibited in the self assembly of lipids to form membrane,
the formation of double helical DNA through hydrogen bonding of the individual strands, the assembly of
proteins to form quaternary structures. Supra molecular assemblies, micelles, liquid crystal phases are examples
of molecular self assembly in chemistry. Molecular self assembly is an important aspect of bottom up
approach to nanotechnology. An advantage to constructing nanostructure using molecular self assembly for
24

biological materials is that they will degrade back into individual molecules that can be broken by the body.
The oral process of self assembly is not yet understood, indeed, if it were, a general understanding of the origin
of life would be achieved. For a physical chemist, the meaning of molecular self assembly has to do with the
ability of a system of molecules to spontaneously form an ordered molecular structure.
In this lecture, preparation of Self Assembled Monolayers of Organic Molecules under the controlled and
standard laboratory conditions would be discussed. Electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry
technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the calculation of various important parameters to
characterize the self assembled monolayers will be elaborated for various organic molecules like Mercapto
Nicotinic acid, thioctic acid, cystamine, etc. These SAMs can be further modified by attaching other molecules
in a tailor make fashion to generate new organic interfaces of nano dimensions which are biologically active and
may find applications in the analysis and recognition of other important bio-molecules. Cytochrome C
molecules have been immobilized on the top surface of Self Assembled Monolayers to recognize various
nucleotides. Characteristics of this designed assembly of Self Assembled Monolayers have been studied in
detail and will be discussed in the lecture.

IL-33: Biologically active coumarins and their lanthanide(III) complexes

Irena Kostova
1*
, R. K. Soni
2
and R. D. Kaushik
3
1*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University,2 Dunav St., Sofia-1000, Bulgaria
2
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
3
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
irenakostova@yahoo.com

Biologically active coumarins belonging to a widespread family of plant metabolites, called benzopyranones,
occupy an important place in the area of natural products and synthetic organic chemistry. They have a lot of
different structures, due to the various types of substitutions of their core, which could in turn influence their
biological activity. As substitutions can occur at any of their available sites of the basic coumarin nucleus, their
structural diversity leads to multiple biological properties. Therefore, the chemical synthesis of coumarin
derivatives is done to fulfil their requirements in vast applications. Many coumarins have shown particularly
promising results in the treatment of tumour cell growth and metastases dissemination. Their ability to bind
metal ions represents an additional means of modulating their pharmacological responses. The examination of
the binding properties of coumarin derivatives to different metal ions is essential for understanding the factors
controlling their biological activity. Recently, it has been shown that many lanthanide(III) complexes of
coumarins might have a potential role in the treatment of different tumor cell lines, although much of the
attention has been focused mainly on the synthesis and identification of such complexes, whereas spectroscopic
and structural studies are limited.
As a part of our ongoing work on the synthesis, characterization and applications of lanthanide(III) complexes,
it was observed that changes in ligands, lanthanides and reaction conditions had profound effects on selectivity
and activity of the products obtained. Herein we report the synthesis, analytical, theoretical, spectroscopic, and
biological properties of Ln(III) complexes with biologically active coumarin derivatives. Due to their high
sensitivity to the structural changes, the FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed for a complete
vibrational characterization of the ligands structures and the respective complexes. These structures are further
investigated by means of high-level DFT (B3LYP) theoretical calculations, allowing the determination and
comparison of the energies, geometrical parameters, as well as the identification of the most important structural
features. It was revealed that an adequate understanding of the vibrational fundamentals of coumarin derivatives
may provide help in the study of biological activities. The overall results from the preliminary screening program
revealed, that the ligands and their novel lanthanide(III) complexes are strong biologically active agents. The data
from our continuing study demonstrate the potential of the novel lanthanide coordination compounds. It was
evidenced that the pharmacological response has been improved upon complexation in accordance with our
previous results concerning the activity of lanthanide coordination compounds with various coumarin ligands.

IL-34: An Avenue for Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products Via Selective
Nucleophilic Reactions on -diketones

Pahup Singh
Emeritus Scientist, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
pahupsingh@yahoo.co.uk

The 1, 2-diketone is an important functionality in synthetic organic chemistry. We reasoned that with proper
control on reactivity and selectivity the -diketones would be the starting materials for the synthesis of bioactive
25

natural products and heterocyclic analogues. We have performed remarkable chemo-, regio- and stereoselective
reactions on lapachol and its congeners with different reagents to give several bioactive natural products and
with nitrogen nucleophiles to accomplish the synthesis of novel quinoxaline and azaquinoxaline derivatives in a
concise and efficient manner. A concise account on synthesis of stenocarpoquinone A and B, rhinacanthin-A, -
(1-hydroxy isopropenyl) dihydrofurano-1,2- naphthoquinone, adenophyllone, quadrilone, quinoxaline and
azaquinoxaline derivatives will be presented with a special emphasis on mechanistic details.

IL-35: Natural Products and botanical Pesticides: A Green option

Anil K. Pant
Department of Chemistry, G.B. Pant university of Agriculture and technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
anilk_pant@rediffmail.com

The success story of green revolution is mainly due to the development of new varieties on one hand, the
application and development of new synthetic pest control agents has also an important role. However, there
injudicious and indiscriminate use has also resulted in environmental pollution as well as in pest resurgence.
Since only one gene mutation can cause pesticide resistance.
Though botanicals have been used for pest control from ancient times, their importance has once again been
realized for search of new lead molecule for development of new safer and eco friendly pesticides. A brief
history of development of new commercial botanical pesticides and the work currently being carried out by our
group will be presented.
IL-36: Chemodiversity: A reflection on the rich biodiversity of the Himalayas
Chitra pande
chitrapande1@yahoo.co.in

India, with its vast biodiversity is emerging as a world leader in the supply of raw material for the
phytopharmaceutical industries. It is one of the worlds 12 mega- biodiversity centres of the world with the
presence of 16 different agro-climatic zones, 10 vegetation zones, 25 biotic provinces and 426 biomes. As
phytochemicals have potential in the development of agro-chemicals, cosmetics, neutraceuticals and drugs,
knowledge of chemodiversity leads to a better understanding of the biodiversity of a region. This initiated the
chemical investigation of a few genera from the Himalayan region.
Fresh plant materials of Ocimum americanum, Origanum vulgare , Craniotome furcata , were collected from
ten locations while Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Ferronia elephantum and Buplereum species were collected
from five locations. The botanical identification of the specimens was done at the Botanical Survey of India,
Dehradun. The essential oil of these plants was analyzed by GC/GC-MS and major compounds separated by
column chromatography and HPLC.
The essential oil compositions of O. americanum revealed six chemotypes namely Chemotype-I: methyl
chavicol, 1, 8-cineole, (E)--bisabolene, -bisabolene and eugenol; II: (E)--bisabolene, aliphatic hydrocarbons,
eugenol, -bisabolene and methyl chavicol; III: methyleugenol, (E)-caryophyllene and eugenol; IV: linalool
and methyl chavicol; V: aliphatic hydrocarbons, eugenol, 1,8-cineole and camphor; VI: camphor and aliphatic
hydrocarbons.
The result of cluster analysis of the essential oil profiles of O. vulgare L grouped these oils into four clusters on
the basis of difference in their chemical constituents, allowing them to be characterized into four distinct
chemotypes. Chemotype I showed p-cymene, -terpinene, thymol and carvacrol as the major constituents while
II showed the presence of caryophyllene oxide, aliphatic hydrocarbons and thymol. Chemotype III represents
thymol, germacrene D, carvacrol, (E)-caryophyllene and linalool as major constituents while IV showed
bicyclogermacrene, elemol, linalool, germacrene D, bornyl acetate and (E)-caryophyllene as the major
constituents.
The essential oil composition of C. furcata showed the presence of five chemotypes. Chemotype-I was
significantly rich in germacrene D, -elemene and -zinziberene while II was rich in -elemene, germacrene D,
-zinziberene, germacrene B, -muurolol and -cadinol. Chemotype III had germacrene B, germacrene D-4-ol,
-muurolol, -cadinol and -bisabolol oxide A. Chemotype IV was dominated by germacrene D, -zinziberene,
(Z)--bisabolene and -muurolol whereas V had -elemene and germacrene D. Germacrene D, found as a
common major constituent in all the chemotypes showed regular increase with increasing altitude of the
regions.
26

The analysis of essential oil of C. leptophyllum revealed the presence of 32 compounds, of which 19 compounds
were identified representing 98.1% of total oil. Thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether, thymol methyl ether, -
terpinene, p-cymene and carvacrolmethyl ether were found to be the major constituents in the oil.
The essential oil composition of F. elephantum Correa revealed the presence of 24 constituents, of which 18
constituents were identified. Trans-anethole and methyl chavicol were the major compounds.
The major constituents of the essential oils of B. hamiltonii were germacrene D, (E)--farnesene, (E)-
caryophyllene and bornyl acetate; B. falactum germacrene D, (E)-caryophyllene, (E)--farnesene and bornyl
acetate while B. lanceolatum had germacrene D, (E)--farnesene, (E)-caryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene as
major constituents.
The three genera namely Ocimum, Origanum and Craniotome exist as chemotypes whereas Ferronia,
Cyclospermum and Buplereum were found to be chemically stable.

IL-37: Studies on Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants

R. N. Yadava
Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P., India
rnyadava@rediffmail.com

Herbal medicine is a major component in all indigenous peoples traditional medicine and a common element in
Ayurvedic, homeopathic and naturopathic. WHO notes that out of 119 plant-derived pharmaceutical medicines,
about 74 percent are used in modern medicine. Major pharmaceutical companies are currently conducting
extensive research on plants for their potential medicinal values. Plant derived products are the basis for a large
proportion of the commercial medications which are used today for the treatment of heart disease, high blood
pressure, pain, asthma, and other problems. Plant products (specially secondary metabolites) obtained from
medicinal plants play a very dominant role in synthesizing and designing the analogues of the chemical
components leading to the development of effective agents. All the secondary plant metabolites are also called
as allelochemicals.
These chemicals include flavonoides, tannins, alkaloids, aromatic acids etc. They play important role in
protecting the plant against the insect and pathogens. Allelopathy also plays an important role in plant
ecosystem, regulating plant dominance. A detailed study of some New Potential Allelochemicals from
Medicinal plants, has been described in present lecture.

IL-38: iiiiiiti -i iiii -iiiiiii:iiiiiiiii iiiiiiti -i iiii -iiiiiii:iiiiiiiii iiiiiiti -i iiii -iiiiiii:iiiiiiiii iiiiiiti -i iiii -iiiiiii:iiiiiiiii

-i-i i-ii
iii iii i ii~iii-iiii, ti;i
atrinaresh@gmail.com

i iii i ti -iti ~ii -ii i--ii i i~i iii ti i iii :ii-ii-i i-i t + iii ii ii : ii ( ii -ii-i ~iiii i i-ii -iti t iiiii ii-i:ii i -i -iti t ~ii ti+
ii-ii-i-iii it i:, i ii :iiiiz ii-ii-i-iii it i:, i ii :iiiiz ii-ii-i-iii it i:, i ii :iiiiz ii-ii-i-iii it i:, i ii :iiiizi-i i-i i-i i-i :iii ii iiii ii :ii ii ii ~ii iii iii t i i it -ii-i -iit :iiiii-ii-i ti, iizi i-ii-i ti , -i-ii i i-ii-i ti,
iiiiiii-ii-i ti, iii-iii-ii-i ti , i-iii-ii-i ti , -ii-iii-ii-i ti , iiii i-ii-i ti , iiiiii-ii-i ti , ~iiiii-ii-i ti, ii :iii-ii-i ti , -iit -iiiii ii-ii-i ti iii -i
ti, :-i iii ii-ii-ii ii -ii ii -i i-iiti t+ iti -iiiii -i ii iii :iii i-ii t :ii ii:ii -i ii-i-ii ~iii-ii t+ -iiiii -i -ii (i-i ~ii
-iii-iii i ~iiii iii i i :iii i-i i i-i:-i--i tiii t+ -iiiii ii ii-ii-i ~ii tt-ii -iii ~ii ii iiiiii, iii-i t-i ~iii-i t , it
-iiiii itiiii t+ t-ii -iii ~ii ii-i-ii-i ii, iii , -iiiii, ~iiii-i, i -i :iii -iiiii i ti ii t + i iii ii ii i-iiiii ~iiii t + (ii ;-ii i
:i:ii i ~iii:iii ii, iii (i -ii iii ~iii -i ~iiii ~i iiiii (i iiiii-ii -iiii-i i t+ -ii-iiiiii i iii it :i:ii iiiiiiii-ii ii i z
i ~ii-i tii-iiii t+ i -i ii-iz -iii ii -i ti t( -i-i:i i iii i iii ~ii ii i:i ii ~iii ii ii-i-ii ii iii t+ ii -ii-ii iiiiiitii i i ii
iiii--i -iiii ii ~i-iii i ii iiiiii ii ii-iz i-iii iiii ii :ii i iiii t+ ii -i -iiiii i i-iiiiiii iii~iiii-i, iii , ~ii -i, ii,
-iiiii, ii , -i-;-ii, -i-i -i-ii (i iiiii :iii ii i-i-iiiii i i-ii-ii ~iiii-ii~ii ii iiii-i iiii iii t iii iii ti iii it ii ii-i-ii ii iii t i i
i i--ii ~iiii -ii-iiiiii (i -ii-iiitiiiii ti+ ~iiii -i (i ii -i i :ii tiii t i i iti -iiiii ii-iz tiii t iti -i-i:i iii iii
-i-i -i-ii ii i -ii-ii ti i iii-iii-i-i ii t + iti -iiiii i iii -iii i -i ii :iiii i iii iii t+ iiiiii i ii iiiii ii~i: -i:i: -i-i :+ ii iii i ii iiiii ii~i: -i:i: -i-i :+ ii iii i ii iiiii ii~i: -i:i: -i-i :+ ii iii i ii iiiii ii~i: -i:i: -i-i :+ ii
i tiiiii -iiiiiii-iii i-i i tiiiii -iiiiiii-iii i-i i tiiiii -iiiiiii-iii i-i i tiiiii -iiiiiii-iii i-i
27

ii-ii-iiiiii -iiiiiiii -i -i-i:i ii -iiiii ii i-iii i i:i-ii -i ti t + ~iii it i-iii :i-ii iiiii ti iii t ii :iii ii iiii
-i :iiiii :iiii -i ti t+ ~iii -iiiii :i:ii -ii i-iii i i-iiiiii iiiiiii ~i-i ii: -iii izii -i -iti ti ti t+ :i -iii-ii -i it ~iii-i
iiii iiiii i i i ii :iii ii- -ii-iii-ii ti i, :i iiiii i-iii i -ii ii :ii ii ii iiii t+

IL-39: ii -i -iiiii i-i-i-i ii -i -iiiii i-i-i-i ii -i -iiiii i-i-i-i ii -i -iiiii i-i-i-i

iii i-ii-iii ii
>izi-i- iii -iii iii-i,
i iii iii, ti;i
atrinaresh@gmail.com

ii -i -iiiii i-ii ti i iiii ii-iii (i i i -iiii ii -i-i tiii t+ -i ii , ii, iii ~ii ~iiii-i ii -ii-iiz (i :-ii i-ii ti ~i-i i -i-ii -i
i-i-i iii iii t+ -iiiii i iii (i i-ii i-ii -i ii-ii iiii iii t + ~iiii -i ii, iii ~ii ~ii:iiiii ii -iiiii i iii i-ii -i -ii-ii
t
iiii--iii iiii ii iii -i-i -ii ii~i-i-ii-i + iiii--iii iiii ii iii -i-i -ii ii~i-i-ii-i + iiii--iii iiii ii iii -i-i -ii ii~i-i-ii-i + iiii--iii iiii ii iii -i-i -ii ii~i-i-ii-i +
~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iiiii-iii-i ~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iiiii-iii-i ~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iiiii-iii-i ~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iiiii-iii-i-i ii-i ~iii-iiii-i -i ii-i ~iii-iiii-i -i ii-i ~iii-iiii-i -i ii-i ~iii-iiii-i ~iii ..
~iii:iii it t i i ii ii, ii-iii-i ~ii iii:ii-i i ii-ii ti i -i-i~i i ~iii >ii t ii :iii ii, iii ~ii ~ii :ii iii i ii-ii :i ii-i
ii i t( t + i -i -| ~iiii :ii -ii t + :-ii -ii-i ~ii -i ~i-ii ti -i i iii :-t '-i-i-i ' iti iii t+ i ii~i i -ii ~ii :-ii iii
ii~i i ti t, iii i ti t ~ii :iiiii ii iii i ti t+
ii ii-ii t ii t-ii iii-i -i ii ii -it-i-ii ii-i t+ i ii ~ii :ii iii t + t-i :-iii ii-ii-i -iti i-ii -iiiti+ i -i ii-ii-i i-i ii i t +
(ii :iii-ii t-i i-ii -iiiti+ i ii t-ii i -ii t + t-i :-ii ;:i -iti i-ii t+ :-i iii i ii ; :i iii t i -ii i ii :iiii i-i iii t
-ii-ii -ii:iiit iiii--iiii--ii iiiii ii -ii -izi+ -ii-ii -ii:iiit iiii--iiii--ii iiiii ii -ii -izi+ -ii-ii -ii:iiit iiii--iiii--ii iiiii ii -ii -izi+ -ii-ii -ii:iiit iiii--iiii--ii iiiii ii -ii -izi+
iit-ii:ii iiii -i-ii-it iii ii iit-ii:ii iiii -i-ii-it iii ii iit-ii:ii iiii -i-ii-it iii ii iit-ii:ii iiii -i-ii-it iii ii -ii -izi+ -ii -izi+ -ii -izi+ -ii -izi+
ii-iiiii -i~ii-i~ii:iii: i-i i-iiiii-i i-i ii-ii-i ;iz i -i ii i;:-i: ii-iiiii -i~ii-i~ii:iii: i-i i-iiiii-i i-i ii-ii-i ;iz i -i ii i;:-i: ii-iiiii -i~ii-i~ii:iii: i-i i-iiiii-i i-i ii-ii-i ;iz i -i ii i;:-i: ii-iiiii -i~ii-i~ii:iii: i-i i-iiiii-i i-i ii-ii-i ;iz i -i ii i;:-i:
ii .--
i ii t-i-ii :iiiiii i ;ii itiii (i i i iiiii iii ~ii ii -i iii tii t
ti ti ti ti i:-iiii-ii~ii-ii tii:-ii -~iiiiiiiii+ i:-iiii-ii~ii-ii tii:-ii -~iiiiiiiii+ i:-iiii-ii~ii-ii tii:-ii -~iiiiiiiii+ i:-iiii-ii~ii-ii tii:-ii -~iiiiiiiii+
tii:-ii-ii~iii tii:-ii -~ii ii : tii:-ii-ii~iii tii:-ii -~ii ii : tii:-ii-ii~iii tii:-ii -~ii ii : tii:-ii-ii~iii tii:-ii -~ii ii :ii .-.
ii:iii ii iii -ii ii t ~ii i-i; ii+ :-t t-i -ii-i i-ii-ii t+ iii i t-iii iiii ii ~ii t-i -iiii-i i-iii i
~ii-ii i i: :ii-i ii-i :-;-ii-i-ii-i-iiii-:+ ~ii-ii i i: :ii-i ii-i :-;-ii-i-ii-i-iiii-:+ ~ii-ii i i: :ii-i ii-i :-;-ii-i-ii-i-iiii-:+ ~ii-ii i i: :ii-i ii-i :-;-ii-i-ii-i-iiii-:+
i ii ii -ii-i-ii:i-i-i ii:i:i -ii-i-i i-i-i i ii ii -ii-i-ii:i-i-i ii:i:i -ii-i-i i-i-i i ii ii -ii-i-ii:i-i-i ii:i:i -ii-i-i i-i-i i ii ii -ii-i-ii:i-i-i ii:i:i -ii-i-i i-i-i
i-ii-i-ii-ii -ii-i-i-i ii-ii -i-iiiii-it-ii+ i-ii-i-ii-ii -ii-i-i-i ii-ii -i-iiiii-it-ii+ i-ii-i-ii-ii -ii-i-i-i ii-ii -i-iiiii-it-ii+ i-ii-i-ii-ii -ii-i-i-i ii-ii -i-iiiii-it-ii+
ii-iii-;i ii ii-iiiii ii-iii-;i ii ii-iiiii ii-iii-;i ii ii-iiiii ii-iii-;i ii ii-iiiii i-i-ii-i ii-ii ii ~i-i i-i-ii-i ii-ii ii ~i-i i-i-ii-i ii-ii ii ~i-i i-i-ii-i ii-ii ii ~i-i
-ii-iiiii: iiii -i-iiiiii-ii-ii-i ii-i -iii:+ -ii-iiiii: iiii -i-iiiiii-ii-ii-i ii-i -iii:+ -ii-iiiii: iiii -i-iiiiii-ii-ii-i ii-i -iii:+ -ii-iiiii: iiii -i-iiiiii-ii-ii-i ii-i -iii:+
ii :-;i -i i-i-ii-i iiii-i ii-i ii ti iiiitii ii :-;i -i i-i-ii-i iiii-i ii-i ii ti iiiitii ii :-;i -i i-i-ii-i iiii-i ii-i ii ti iiiitii ii :-;i -i i-i-ii-i iiii-i ii-i ii ti iiiitii
ii: iii i--iiiiiii-i iii :-;i ~iiii-ii-i-i + ii: iii i--iiiiiii-i iii :-;i ~iiii-ii-i-i + ii: iii i--iiiiiii-i iii :-;i ~iiii-ii-i-i + ii: iii i--iiiiiii-i iii :-;i ~iiii-ii-i-i +
i i i i i i i ii-iii iiii iii-ii -ii ii -iii iiiii: ii -i: i-iii iiii iii-ii -ii ii -iii iiiii: ii -i: i-iii iiii iii-ii -ii ii -iii iiiii: ii -i: i-iii iiii iii-ii -ii ii -iii iiiii: ii -i:ii ..
i ii i-i; -i ~iii ii>ii-i ii t , -i-i: iti i :iii-i ii t + i t-ii -ii t + i ii t + ii t-i i-i; -i ii :-t -iiii i-iii i i ii
i t-iii -ii ii t
i-i;izi: iiiii -iii-i -ii-ii i-ii -iii-ii-ii:+ i-i;izi: iiiii -iii-i -ii-ii i-ii -iii-ii-ii:+ i-i;izi: iiiii -iii-i -ii-ii i-ii -iii-ii-ii:+ i-i;izi: iiiii -iii-i -ii-ii i-ii -iii-ii-ii:+
:-;i ii i:ii i:iii i ii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i :-;i ii i:ii i:iii i ii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i :-;i ii i:ii i:iii i ii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i :-;i ii i:ii i:iii i ii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i
ii ~ii-ii iii i ii iii-i ii-iii-ii i ii ii: ii ~ii-ii iii i ii iii-i ii-iii-ii i ii ii: ii ~ii-ii iii i ii iii-i ii-iii-ii i ii ii: ii ~ii-ii iii i ii iii-i ii-iii-ii i ii ii: iiii:+ iiii:+ iiii:+ iiii:+
i-i;iii ii: -i-ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i i-i;iii ii: -i-ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i i-i;iii ii: -i-ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i i-i;iii ii: -i-ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i
iiii iii iii iiii -ii iii-ii ~ii-i-i~i-ii-ii-i + iiii iii iii iiii -ii iii-ii ~ii-i-i~i-ii-ii-i + iiii iii iii iiii -ii iii-ii ~ii-i-i~i-ii-ii-i + iiii iii iii iiii -ii iii-ii ~ii-i-i~i-ii-ii-i +
-ii ii: -i -iii ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i -ii ii: -i -iii ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i -ii ii: -i -iii ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i -ii ii: -i -iii ii: -iiiiiii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i
iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii iii ii-ii ii~i ii iiii -ii-i+ ii-ii ii~i ii iiii -ii-i+ ii-ii ii~i ii iiii -ii-i+ ii-ii ii~i ii iiii -ii-i+
28

i~ii-ii iiii-i: :iiizii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i i~ii-ii iiii-i: :iiizii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i i~ii-ii iiii-i: :iiizii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i i~ii-ii iiii-i: :iiizii ~ii-ii iiit -ii-ii-i ii ..
it i--ii iii iii i i-ii, -iii -ii -iii (i iiii ii ii-i i ti t+
ii i-i-i -ii-ii i iii iii i ti t ~ii ii ii-ii-i -i -ii-ii i iti ti iii t i i i:iiii -ii+ -i iiii t-i -ii ii i-ii t, iii i i i t-i
~ii-iiii :ii-i i iii-i ii t
ii ~i-ii -iiii i-i-i-ii-ii ii ~i-ii -iiii i-i-i-ii-ii ii ~i-ii -iiii i-i-i-ii-ii ii ~i-ii -iiii i-i-i-ii-ii: i-iii iii-i-ii ii-i + : i-iii iii-i-ii ii-i + : i-iii iii-i-ii ii-i + : i-iii iii-i-ii ii-i +
iii -i-ii ~ii-ii-ii ii-i iii -i-ii ~ii-ii-ii ii-i iii -i-ii ~ii-ii-ii ii-i iii -i-ii ~ii-ii-ii ii-i ii .-.
-iiiii ii -ii-iiz ti ii iiiii :iii-iii (i -iiii -i ii-ii iiii iii t+ -ii iii ii -ii i i-ii-i ii-iii-iiii -ii-ii t ( t( iti ti i
-iiiii t-ii i ii iiiiiii t+ iii, iiii -ii ~ii , z -i:ii i iti (i ii-i iii t + t-i -ii ~ii ii :ii-i iii t+ :i t-i -iiii i ~ii iti t-i
-ii-i -i i
~i-ii-i-iii iiiiii ii iiiii -i -i:+ ~i-ii-i-iii iiiiii ii iiiii -i -i:+ ~i-ii-i-iii iiiiii ii iiiii -i -i:+ ~i-ii-i-iii iiiiii ii iiiii -i -i:+
~iii iiii iiiii iiti ~iii iiii iiiii iiti ~iii iiii iiiii iiti ~iii iiii iiiii iitiii .-.--
-ii-iiiii-i ii :i-ii ~iiii iii t+ ~iii i -i ~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iii: ~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iii: ~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iii: ~ii-ii iiii ~ii:iii: iti iti iti iii t i i iii ~ii:iii t + iti iii ~ii ii i -it-i ii
ii ii-i t , iii-i :-t iii i -ii iiiii iii t+ :-t ~i-ii-i -i ii ~ii iitii i -ii-i i -iiii iii t+ iii ii i i-ii-ii ~ii i :i-ii-ii i -i -i
i-iiii iiii iii t ~ii :iii -ii-iiz t i i-i ii ii-i :ii tiii t+ iii ii ~ii:iii, iiiiiii, ri ii -ii ii -i iiii ~ii ~iii :ii-i i-i iiii
iti t + it i -iii, iiii ~ii iii t ii ii i-i ii t+ iii i -i -iz iii tiii t, iti ~i-ii ii iii-ii tiii t + iiiii it -t ii i-i ii t
-iit iiii-iiii -i -i i-iiiii-i:+ ii:i iii -iit iiii-iiii -i -i i-iiiii-i:+ ii:i iii -iit iiii-iiii -i -i i-iiiii-i:+ ii:i iii -iit iiii-iiii -i -i i-iiiii-i:+ ii:i iii
-iit i:ii-i-ii -i-i -iiii iii:i -iit i:ii-i-ii -i-i -iiii iii:i -iit i:ii-i-ii -i-i -iiii iii:i -iit i:ii-i-ii -i-i -iiii iii:i + :-i i-ii-ii: + :-i i-ii-ii: + :-i i-ii-ii: + :-i i-ii-ii:
i-i -iiiii ~iii: :i iiii -iii i+ iiiii--iii-i i-i -iiiii ~iii: :i iiii -iii i+ iiiii--iii-i i-i -iiiii ~iii: :i iiii -iii i+ iiiii--iii-i i-i -iiiii ~iii: :i iiii -iii i+ iiiii--iii-i ii ...
:i :iii ii -i -iiiii -iiz -i ii-i:i -i-ii ii t+

IL-40: o Sf n d o k e ; e sa f o K ku , o a i zkS| ksf x d h d s l Un HkZ& l ad sr v kSj o r Ze ku d kf y d n `f "V

f n u s' kp Un z ' kkL = kh
o sn f o Hkkx
x q# d qy d kax M +h f o ' o f o | ky ; ] g f j } kj

r-ii l(in r l ( - l(nii i -n r| l - (iln-i nni i l-ii li, l ln i -
n (i ii - n i -l-n ri ri ii, l --n - i - ri i i lni
i i, n i i, rii i i i ri ii, - ; i - l r --n i -ri --i ii|
nin ri ii l (r ri ii r` l ii r` r -ii i i r` i i rini` i rini` il --i
ii lr (r r ri ni ii| (r - ri i i i i i i -i- l ii(i - ri ii| i
; ii, - ii i i(ii i--i ii| n - nln ri ii| ( l i| i i ri ri ni ii| (r
l((i ii - -lni i ni i( l i i n, ( ii(ii i nln l ilin li (ri ( r|
il-i (-ii - ni ii ( r i( ii l ni i --n iiiii i nln i ini| i ri ri ii|
(n ni i --n iiiii i ilin li| ri ii r l ( - r- i (ii i in r| ;- ri -,
ii, iln, iiln, iii-i ( i( -( i-ni l-ni r (ri iiln l(nii iilni, i l(ni, (-ln
ii-i, n l(ni, i(i l(ni, ini l(ni ( inilni ,-i((r, -ln i-ni ii i ii in -iii -
n l-ni r| i n (i s l(ii ni - ri i ri r ln rn l li r r| i lin i
l - i l(ii i -r-(i i r|
(l (i - in - n-( i r| - iil-- nii iiln l(ni i ( i- l--i r| i l--ln
( l(l- - i (ii (i-n( - nii r| i l--ln - i (ii i ii( i nin rini r| (n-i - i
l(l- - ii irni r| -nn i - ; l-i (i - i iiln l(nii l(i i i li i ni|

IL-41: o sn ks e s I k; kZo j . k d s i zf r p sr u k d s L o j
e u qn so c U/ kq
( l(iin
n i ni l((l(ni rl,i|

( i r| ~(, (, i-( i i((| l- i - -ili n-ln l, (i, il- i ls.ni i
ii (i i ni li| (i i -lr-i -i - ~li i i lii r( - l(nii i -n r| ( i
iii i iii ii i -i- r| - (islii i-- - li ( i (il -ii r| ii i -
i- i -i iiln i- ri ni r| iiln i- ii(i ln r- in ni r| - ; i r
v kse ~ | kS: kkf Ur j Ur f j { ka kkf Ur % i `f Fko h kkf Ur : i % kkf Ur j ks k/ k; % kkf Ur %A
29

o u L i r ; % kkf Ur f o Z o sn so k% kkf Ur c zZg e kkf Ur % l o Za kkf Ur % kkf Ur j so kkf Ur % A
l ke k kkf Ur j sf / kA v ks e ~ kkf Ur % kkf Ur % kkf Ur %A A (; t qo sZn 3 6 @ 7 )

ii(i ln in -i( in(i iii ni r| r in(i ! ii i ni, nlii, li(i, , iili,
(-ln, l((( (l(,i), r- (() i ii iiln ( iil ii r- iiln i | iil-- i, ilil( i i
iliiiln i r- iin i| - i ii i n- ri i+|
m i g ~o j s f x j h. kka l ax e s p u n hu ke ~A
f / k; k f o i zks v t k; r A A ; t qo sZn 2 6 @ 1 5
(ni i nr-i - i li n- ii, (i n-ii i (i l(,i - rin r| iin ri n (l(ni) i
-iii i ilr| -(i-i ,i i ii lr-i i -i - i nni li n i n i l((l(ni i -iii i|
r -i i ln i r| l, (i, , li(i i iii ln - r| ;ri ini r-ii ii i r| i -i
rini, (i i -i ri ni| -i ln i ii (i i i, i l--ii r-ii r|
} kl qi . kkZ l ; qt k l [ kk; k l e ku a o `{ ka i f j kL o t kr sA
r ; ksj U; % f i I i y a L o kn ~o P; u u Uu U; ks f Hkp kd khf r A A _ `Xo sn 1 @ 1 6 4 @ 2 0
~li i i ; - - n(i i ~i i r| ln i (i ii (i, -i i (i i - l-ii( (i
i ii - r| ;- ii ln i (i -(il- i iin ni r i i ii iini ri ( ini r|
iin (ii ii i--i r i ii (ii ii -i--i r|
v f n f r | kSj f n f r j Ur f j { ke f n f r HkkZr k l f i r k l i q= %A
f o o sn so k v f n f r % i ap t u k v f n f r t kZr e f n f r t Zf u Ro e ~A A v Fko Zo sn 7 @ 6 @ 1
ln r-ii -ini r| (ri lni i r| (ri n, nli i li(i i - i li r| n r-i ii - l(ln
in ii (ri ni r|
^^o u L i f r a o u v kL Fkki ; / o e ~** _ `Xo sn 1 0 @ 1 0 1 @ 1 1
r -i(! n- i-ii - (iiii i| (i r- ii(i n r i i(i l(i i in r|
^^v j . ; a r s i `f Fko h L ; ksu e L r q** v Fko Zo sn 1 2 @ 1 @ 1 1
n li(i l ~iiii ri| (-ln nn (Flora) i ii nn (Fauna) i i l(i ri| ii r-ii ~ii n
r| ; l((i rn r- i i i r| ii ii(i i i, n r| n i ii (i - li ni r| n
(ii rini r i (ii - rini r| i ii iii il(n rn r | r- i ii(i ln in ri r|

30

OP-1: Biomass and Biogas for Sustainable Energy Generation: Recent Development
and Perspectives

Abdeen Omer
Energy Research Institute (ERI), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
abdeenomer2@yahoo.co.uk

Biogas from biomass appears to have potential as an alternative energy source, which is potentially rich in
biomass resources. This is an overview of some salient points and perspectives of biogas technology. The
current literature is reviewed regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biogas
technology. This article gives an overview of present and future use of biomass as an industrial feedstock for
production of fuels, chemicals and other materials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market
situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that biogas technology must be encouraged,
promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated, but especially in remote rural areas.

OP-2: Some Plants Used as Fish Toxin in Bhagirathi River

Antima Sharma
*
, L. R Dangwal, Tajinder Singh and Amandeep Singh
Herbarium and Plant Systematic Laboratory, Department of Botany,H. N. B. Garhwal University ,Tehri
Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
antimasharma82@gmail.com

The Bhagirathi is a turbulent Himalayan river in the state of Uttarakhand, India, that is the source stream of the
Ganges the major river of the Gangetic plain of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. Ethno-biological
survey was conducted in Bhagirathi river which reveals their indigenous traditional knowledge in fish capture.
Fishing is one of the important sources of animal protein for the hilly region. In the study, a total of 12 plants,
which are significantly used as fish toxicant by local peoples in the aquatic resources of the Bhagirathi River has
been listed.

OP-3: Air Pollution Assessment Before and After Metro Rail in Delhi

Basavaraja
1
and Puttaih
2

1
Pusa Polytechnic, Pusa, New Delhi, India
2
Environmental Science Department, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
erbasavaraja@gmail.com

The study concerned with the development, encouragement and use of more environment friendly transport
system. These innovative solutions make more environment friendly transport system. (Also innovative
transport system makes lowering environment impacts, such as minimizing vehicles on the road and Air
pollution). This study mainly deals with the alternative transport system; particularly it focuses on reduction of
vehicles on the road by Metro rail. In this study pollution loads have been compared with before metro rail and
after metro rail.For the purpose of this study collecting feed back from metro users from several stations what
was the mode of conveyance they are using before Metro rail. The pollution loads were calculated on the basis
of information collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Environment Protection Agency and
previous studies carried out in this regard by various important agencies. The use of Metro shows tremendous
reduction in various pollutants, by the reduction of vehicles on the road. The study conducted by the central road
Research institute on behalf of Delhi Metro, is part of the Environment Impact Assessment Report for phase III
conducted in 2009-2010, the study says that lakh plus vehicles will go off the city roads once the third phase
becomes operational, the projections are based on certain fixed parameters, like the fact that vehicular traffic
and rate of consumption is that of 2009 and 2010.

OP-4: Identification of Bird hit samples through Feather Keratin Electrophoresis

Chinmay Joshi
Department of Zoology, Government PG College, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India
joshic28@ yahoo.co.in

Identification of bird remains after collision with aircraft is an important step in reduction of bird hazard to
aircraft. Most of the identification techniques in vogue are microscopic in nature. As the bird remains received
31

after the collisions are very minute and badly mangled hence sophistication and reproducibility of technique is
very important.In the present study a biochemical technique was used to identify bird remains. In this technique
Soluble Carboxy Methylated Keratin (SCMK) were extracted from feather samples under inert atmosphere.
Urea PAGE and SDS PAGE of these extracted and purified proteins was carried out. It was found that the band
pattern of the protein was distinctive of the species. In this technique very small amount of protein is required
(0.01ml). Hence even a very minute feather sample can be identified.The bird species can be identified through
the band pattern of the Feather keratin electrophoresis and circumstantial evidence such as pilots report.

OP-5: Genetically Modified Microorganism and Eco-friendly Biomass Energy

Dayadhar Dikshit,
Department of Chemistry, Pt. L. M. S. Goverment P. G. College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
dr.dayadhar@gmail.com

Wood-based biofuel creates fewer greenhouse gas emissions and requires less water to produce. Cellulose, the
main component of wood, is also the most abundant polymer on Earth and unlike the starch and sugars found in
corn and sugarcane, people cannot digest it. Production of wood-based ethanol fuel doesn't use food supplies for
fuel and competition for agricultural land can be reduced. Intensive research on cellulose conversion to ethanol
previously focused on mechanical, heat and acid hydrolysis techniques, all of which are expensive and non eco
friendly also. Microorganism are now playing very important role in developing eco-friendly methods to
prepare bio-fuel. Microorganisms can grow without oxygen to take this abundant organic matter and convert it
to useful forms of energy such as methane, hydrogen or even electricity. In this field Saccharomyces yeast is
now playing very important role. However its efficiency can be modified by genetic-engineering. It has been
observed that such genetically engineered yeast can convert glucose and xylose into ethanol. Xylose makes up
roughly 30~40% of celluloid materials like corn stalks, grass, wood chips, leaves, etc. therefore a yeast that
feeds on xylose can feed on almost anything in the plant kingdom. Besides these it has been also reported that
yield can be increases up to 30~40%. In this paper few more efficient methods are proposed to consume almost
all part of plant and effect of radiation of different wave length is also studied.

OP-6: Effect on diesel engine emissions with application of biodiesel fuel

Sachin Kumar, Debasish Das, M. K. Pathak and A. K. Saini
Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, H. P., India
mkp.nit@gmail.com,sachinupesple@gmail.com, deb811@gmail.com, ajay_9avd@yahoo.co.in

The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to a steep rise for the demand of
petroleum-based fuels. Petroleum-based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are
highly concentrated in certain regions of the world. Biodiesel has received, and continues to receive,
considerable attention for its potential use as alternative fuels. Biodiesel is methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acid
made from animal fat or vegetable oils. The main resources for biodiesel production can be non-edible oils
obtained from plant species such as Hevca brasiliensis (Rubber), Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot), Pongamia pinnata
(Karanj), Calophyllum inophyllum (Nagchampa) etc. Application of biodiesel in diesel engine results in lower
emissions. The fuel properties of biodiesel are very similar to the diesel fuel so it can work in existing
infrastructure for conventional diesel without any modification in diesel engine. A wide range of diesel engine
sizes and types was tested in the reviewed literature. This article provides a review on emission characteristics
and comparison between the performance characteristics, efficiency of biodiesel and diesel engine in
compression ignition (CI) engines.

OP-7: Comparative Study of Indoor Radon and its Progeny in Dwellings Around
Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, India and its Neighbouring Regions

Meena Mishra
1
, Rajendra Prasad
3
, Shiva Sukula
4
and V. K Rastogi
2
1
Department of Applied Physics, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh, India
2
Department of Physics,
4
Department of Library Science, CCS University, Meerut, India
3
Vivekananda College of Technology and Management, Aligarh, India
meenaapd@yahoo.co.in

Radon pollution is an important global problem of radiation hygiene. Radon and its progeny are the major
contributors in the radiation dose received by general population of the world [1]. Short-lived radon and its
32

decay products are the most important sources of radiation from natural sources which affect human beings [2].
Radon is a radioactive gas which makes the primary contribution to the natural radiation to which people are
exposed [3]. The aim of the present study is to measure the radon concentration at Ukahalana and Sunami
Villages situated about 5 km and 3 km respectively, from Kasimpur Coal fired Thermal Power Plant, Aligarh,
India. Large quantity of coal consumed by coal-fired power plants is likely to increase the quantity of radon in
the surroundings and in neighboring regions due to subsequent emission of fly ash to the environment . This
increase may be due to the fact that coal contains uranium and radon is a member of uranium decay series. In
the present study radon dosimeters containing LR-115 type II detector films in bare mode were placed in 30
rooms in the dwellings around Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, 20 rooms in the dwellings of Ukhalana village
and 10 rooms in the dwellings of Sunamai village. LR-11 type II solid state nuclear track detectors fixed on a
thick flat card were exposed in bare mode. Track etch technique has been used to estimate the radon
concentration. Annual effective dose has been calculated from the radon concentration to carry out the
assessment of the variability of expected radon exposure of the population due to radon and its progeny. The
radon concentration in the dwellings of Kasimpur Thermal power plant varies from 56.2 to 241.4 Bq m
-3
with
an average value of 150.24 Bq m
-3
. Annual effective dose equivalent in the dwelling around Kasimpur Thermal
Power Plant varies from 2.1 to 9.2 mSv y
-1
with an average value of 5.71 mSv y
-1
. The measured radon
concentration in the dwellings of Ukhalana Village varies from 44.3 to 236.1 Bq m
-3
with an average value of
136.49 Bq m
-3
. Annual effective dose equivalent varies from 1.7 mSv y
-1
to 9.0 mSv y
-1
with an average value
of 5.21 mSv y
-1
.However, the measured radon concentration in the dwellings of Sunamai village varies from
66.1 to 234.8 Bq m
-3
, with an average value of 134.25 Bq m
-3
. Annual effective dose equivalent varies from
2.5 mSv y
-1
to 8.9 mSv y
-1
with an average value of 5.1 mSv y
-1
.

OP-8: Assessment of Physico-chemical parameters of river Ganga at Haridwar for
ascertaining its suitability for drinking purposes

Monika Tyagi
Beehive college of Engineering and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
monika.tyagi31@rediffmail.com

This paper deals with the measurement of Turbidity, Conductivity, Chloride, Sulphate, Sodium, Potassium, DO,
BOD, COD, and Ammonical Nitrogen. In the sample of holy river Ganga Calsium and Magnesium ions are
experimentally evaluated by titrimetric method with respect to Hardness. The excessive amount of these ions
make the water unsuitable for drinking purpose. The value of parameters increase as we proceed from Har ki
pauri to Jatwara pul via Prem nagar ashram. The chief sources of increasing the pollution load are organic
chemicals such as detergents, pesticides, inorganic chemicals like metal compounds, salt and acids, infectious
agents from hospitals many big and small industrial units established in Haridwar. Domestic waste, effuents,
garbage are almost directly discharged into the Ganga river.This impurity of Ganga river water may be hazard
for the health of residence of the city.

OP-9: Ground water Management using Remote Sensing Data: a Case study
Neha Singh
1
and S. K. Yadav
2
1
Department of Environmental Science, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
2
Department of Environmental Science, SCRIET, Meerut, U. P., India
skyemvu@yahoo.com, nehasinghyadav1990@gmail.com

Remote Sensing or satellite data is extremely important in assessment of ground water potential areas. SPOT
and IRS-1A data was used to assess ground water potential areas which falls between latitudes 28
o
29 to 28
o

35 E and longitudes 77
o
3 to 77
o
16 N. Ground water management require sustainable use and development
(recharge) approach. Based on drainage pattern and slope of the study area, remote sensing data is helpful in
suitable site selection of check dams for ground water recharge/ conservation. Total 14 check dam sites were
identified using satellite (remote sensing) data in the study area. Mean reflectance values at suggested check
dam sites were 1.06 % to 4.53 %. Lineament densities were also estimated using satellite data to identify ground
water potential areas. Lineament density is directly proportional to ground water availability in an area. Study
area is highly variable in terms of lineament densities at different locations. Areas indicating high lineament
densities are highly potential (good aquifers) to possess ground water availability. Ground water modeling
requires limited land use / land cover classification, which can be done with the help of remote sensing data
using unsupervised classification which is then refined on the basis of ground truth .The integrated use of GIS
and remote sensing techniques can be successfully used to develop conceptual ground water model .The water
demand vis-a-vis water resources availability is evaluated based on hydro-geological set up, field investigation
and interpretation of satellite (remote sensing) data.
33

OP-10: Groundwater Contamination Due to Municipal Solid Waste Disposal at Delhi,
India

Nitin Kamboj
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
kambojgurukul@gmail.com

Waste is a byproduct of life. High standards of living and ever increasing population have resulted in an
increase in the quantity of wastes generated. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is generally a combination of
household and commercial refuse which is generated from the living community. Among the multitude of the
environmental problem existing in the urbanizing cities of developing countries, MSW management and its
impact on groundwater quality have become the most prominent in the recent years. In study it was found that
the (TDS) of Gazipur area in high range and above the permissible limit that of 500mg/l which may because of
high concentration of dissolve solids (TDS) in water causes adverse effect in taste. Highest value (2061 mg/l)
of TDS was found at the Ga12 while the minimum value (1061 mg/l) was found at the Ga2. High concentration
of chloride ions results in objectionable taste in water as per study it was found that the chloride level in water
samples were in range between 60-560mg/l minimum and maximum respectively as permissible limit is 250
mg/l.

OP-11: Atmospheric biopollutants of fungal origin in different educational institute and
their allergenic behaviour.

Padma Singh, Priyanka Chaudhary and Raina
Kanya Gurukul Girls Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
drpadma.singh06@gmail.com

Air is an essential part of our environment. The microbial population of atmosphere at any place constitutes its
air spora.Air contains many fungal spores but their number and type depends on time of the day, weather,
season and geographical location. The present study deals with the incidence of viable and culturable mycoflora
in the atmosphere of different educational institutes of Haridwar. In view of the fact that air borne fungal spores
are one of the main causative factors for allergy in human beings. Trapping and identification of various air
borne fungal spores was done. Exposed plate technique (EPM) was employed for trapping aeromycoflora using
both SDA and CDA medium. The temperature and relative humidity were also recorded at the time of sampling.
The most dominant fungi recorded during air monitoring in the morning was Aspergillus sppI (36.91%)
followed by Aspergillus spp II (32.39%), Microsporum, (22.99%), Mucor (8.06%), Rhizopus (6.32%) and
others (3.79%).In the evening, the percentage occurrence of fungi recorded were Aspergillus spp.I (26.76%)
followed by Aspergillus spp.II (20.59%),Microsporum (17.48%), Mucor (6.84%), Rhizopus (4.88%) and others
(3.77%) respectively. Fungi isolated are known to have pathogenic effect on human health including various
allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis.

OP-12: Green Technology versus Gene technology

Padma Singh, Deepika, Priyanka and Bhavya
Department of Microbiology, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttrakhand, India
pcsingh14@yahoo.co.in, drpadma.singh06@gmail.com

Plants are the most dominating forms on this planet. The main goal of the economically important crops like
rice, wheat, corn, oilseeds and vegetables etc. for the production of high quality food in substantial quantity can
be accomplished by optimizing plant growth overcoming abiotic and biotic stress. To meet these high
expectations in agriculture, genomics as an integrated technology platform will play a key role in future. It will
help to find new solutions for improved germplasm and chemical crop protection. The development of
agriculture during the green versus gene revolution create drastic enhancement in productivity but unfortunately
it is not sustainable. Sustainable system requires indigenous knowledge and biotechnology for managing soil
fertility, controlling pests & diseases, soil preparation planting materials & harvesting. Gene technology
especially genomics has several positive implication like solution for improved germplasm in crop plants by
optimization of endogenous gene or new ones in order to improve crop traits and secondly genomics solution
for chemical crop protection i.e. validation of genes and their proteins from insects fungi and weed in order to
test their efficacy as molecular targets of novel insecticides fungicides or herbicides.
34

OP-13: Disinfected water for Millions and Development of the low cost Solar
Devices for Household Drying

Pramod V. Pathak
Satyam, Pundalik Nagar, Parvari, Panaji, Goa, India
drpvpathak@yahoo.co.in

Nearly 900 million people suffer from infected water supply and the annual death toll reported is as high as 4.5
million due to water contaminated with fecal matter and bacteria like E. Coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella
flexneri, etc. These bacteria can be effectively inactivated by heating water to more than 50-55 deg C and by
solar irradiation. Earlier experiments have shown that about 8 hrs of exposure to sunlight permanently
deactivates the pathogenic bacteria. It is the basis for current set of experiments on solar water heating. The
paper deals with development of low cost solar water heating devices for economically deprived section of the
society to produce disinfected water for millions at family level.
Experiments are carried out with different types of acrylic boxes, steel and aluminum bowls and with simple
multiple reflectors made from thin plastic sheets to heat water stored in glass, PET plastic bottles and metallic
jars to check temperatures achieved by solar heating. Comparative study is made of different combinations of
construction. Different colored bottles are used for storing water. It is verified that these devices invariably
achieve temperatures higher than 50 deg C. The colored bottles give water at higher temperatures than the
transparent bottles. Exposure to higher temperatures and solar radiation ensures inactivation of pathogen
bacteria. Use of plastic sheet reflecting screens and PET bottles have advantage over the costly and bulky glass
mirrors and easy availability of PET bottle at virtually no cost.
These are a low cost devices costing in the price range of Rs 800.00 ($16) to Rs 1200.00 ($24). These are
equivalent to a weeks earning for a casual laborer. When produced on mass scale the price will still be reduced.
Further experiments are in progress to make these set ups more effective and easy to operate and produce
disinfected water 10 lt to meet requirements for a family of 5 people at 2 lt per head per day. The same set up is
being explored to be used to cook rice and khichadi in combination with water bottles.
The products like mango, jackfruit pulp cake, drying of tamarind and many spicy items produced in Goa and
down south can be carried out in acrylic box type solar dryers. These dryers achieve temperatures of the order of
50-55 deg C on the days with clear sky. Breadfruit is the most popular dish in Goa. Breadfruit slices were
initially pre-processed and then dried by solar drying in acrylic dryers. The product thus produced has shown
shelf life of more than one year. This has shown the possibility of producing dry slices of breadfruit at
household level. It has potential of producing packed and marketable product from breadfruit which otherwise
go waste in large quantities. It will help to generate employment potential at village level and give boost to
planting of breadfruit trees adding to the green cover and promote environmental restoration.

OP-14: Bio-Diesel as Future Fuel for Automotive Vehicles

Pulkit Jain
Petroleum Engineering, Indian School of Mining, Dhanba, India
pulkitjain.ism@gmail.com

In the coming years we are going to face huge energy crisis. Thus we need to develop some non-conventional
but economical energy sources.
Biodiesel can prove to be beneficial economically and is also an eco-friendly fuel for automotive vehicles.
Biodiesel is monoalkyl ester of long chain fatty acids produced from the TRANS-ESTERIFICATION reaction
of vegetable oil with alcohol in presence of catalyst. It has better lubricity characteristic & readily mixes with
diesel. It also has comparable heating value content. It is obtained from different raw materials in different
countries, viz. Jatropha oil in India & China, Soyabean oil in USA and Canada, Rape Seed oil and Sunflower oil
in Europe, etc.
Being in its intial stage of development, it is at present used as a blend with diesel and has a future prospect of
being used in pure form. Biodiesel when used in diesel engines show negligible change even upto 20% blend.
Pure biodiesel needs certain modifications in fuel filter, fuel hoses, etc in a normal diesel engine.
The problem in its storage and handling are the main hindrances for its mass usage, as it undergoes oxidation
causing fuel deposits.
The main advantages of using biodiesel are that it reduces hydrocarbon and CO emissions and the best part is
performance of the vehicle remains unaltered. Being Carbon neutral is also a very important advantage of
biodiesel.

35

OP-15: Green Marketing: Environmentally Responsible way of Marketing

Rajat Agrawal
1
and Vishnu Nath
2
1
Department of Management Studies, IIT, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
2
Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
dr.rajat07@gmail.com

Consumption of various products is essential for a comfortable life. Creating, offering and exchanging products
of value with others in order to satisfy needs and wants of individuals and groups is known as marketing
(Kotler, 1997). Marketers in order to satisfy variety of needs of target markets have exploited natural resources
without any consideration of natural capacity of ecosystem to restore. As a result of uncontrolled use of land,
water, air and other natural products, consumption method of these products and disposing of used products
have put a serious challenge for society. Green Marketing is the emergence of a new definition of marketing
where all the aspects of business and production activities are done with environmental focus. Starting from the
product concept stage i.e. eco innovations to green product development, green marketing innovations are
readily improving the efficiency of present technology to be more efficient thus putting less strain on the limited
resources, but also at the same time it is making industries more profitable due to this achieved efficiency.
Present paper discusses in detail this concept of Green Marketing in detail involving various stages in the
process of green marketing.

OP-16: Electrochemical degradation of Adsorable Organic Halides from paper industry
effluents
Rajni Sharma
*
, Satish Kumar and Chhaya Sharma
Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, India
rgals.12@gmail.com, rajnidpt@iitr.ernet.in

Adsorable organic halides (AOX) compounds are produced during the bleaching of pulp in the paper industry
and are recalcitrant and persist in nature for long. This paper reports experimental results on the effect of these
chlorinated compounds formation from eucalyptus kraft pulp bleaching and its reduction using electrochemical
treatment process. The treatment experiments were performed in a batch mode using laboratory setup. It was
found that adsorable organic halides can be efficiently degraded using electrochemical oxidation and can be
reduced more than 60% in the wastewater.

OP-17: Soil Fertility Management using Spatial Technologies: A Case study

Ritu Nagdev
1
and S. K. Yadav
2
1
Department of Environmental Science, CCS University, Meerut U. P., India
2
Environmental Sciences, SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
skyemvu@yahoo.com, ritunagdev@gmail.com

Spatial technologies (Remote Sensing & GIS) are extremely important for soil fertility management.
Sustainable agriculture is now on the agenda of agricultural institutions over the entire world. Soil fertility
management problem is aggravated by environmental hazards associated with modern technology in the
agriculture and there are also pressures to reduce the use of agricultural inputs, such as chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. Therefore, soil fertility management for sustainable agriculture is a primary concern and sustainable
agriculture is now on the agenda of agricultural institutions over the entire world. The problem is aggravated by
environmental hazards associated with modern technology in the agriculture. The qualitative nutrient estimation
of soil data is used as non-spatial data in GIS system, along with all other non-spatial data. Estimated mean
NPK values were 0.290 %, 0.189 % and 0.273 % respectively; and mean pH value observed was 7.01. Light
soils or less fertile soils reflect more energy and organic (fertile soils) absorb more radiation energy and reflect
less radiation and therefore appears with clear distinct tons on the imageries. Spatial and non-spatial data is
integrated, and then analysis and modeling is done in GIS to get desired output in the form of tables and maps.
Complex problems are converted into simpler one using remote sensing and GIS applications for soil fertility
management. Planning is executed and finally decisions are taken based on GIS output for soil fertility
management towards sustainable development.

36

OP-18: Treatment of wastewater by natural aquatic plants systems; a review

Satya Narain
1
, S. K. Mishra
1
, C. S. P.Ojha
2
, and U. C. Chaube
1

1
Department of Water Resource and Management
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
narainsatya@rediffmail.com

Reviews and studies showed that vascular aquatic plants have ability to remove nutrients from water and that
aquatic plants demonstrate potentials for reducing nutrients and metals in wastewater effluent. Aquatic plants
uptake contaminants and stores in its biomass. These plants are called bio-accumulators as they accumulate the
contaminants in their tissues. The uptake of contaminants is by three methods, Root absorption, foliar
absorption, Adsorption. The efficiency of waste water treatment was expressed in terms of the variation in pH,
biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and heavy metals before and after treatment.
This system could be provided alone or together with other systems used for treating waste water. In the
conclusion, investigation demonstrated the feasibility of adopting a "sustainable" and eco-friendly approach to
waste water treatment using aquatic plants & water management.

OP-19: Different Species Based Bio-Diesel Production Sustainability: Scope in
Developing Countries

S. K. Yadav
Environmental Sciences, SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
skyemvu@yahoo.com

Bio diesel (bio-fuel), could revitalize agriculture and livelihoods, is being taken as an ultimate alternative to
solve the energy crisis at the regional, National as well as International level. As per estimates, bio fuels have
forced the global prices up to 75 %. Bio-diesel, has emerged as the most probable substitute for petro-diesel,
includes edible as well as non-edible oils. Non-edible oils utilization is more viable economically in developing
countries like India because edible oil is used for consumption. Many families of microbes especially algae have
tremendous potential for bio-diesel production. Species like Jatropha curcas, Pongamia pinnata, Madhuca
indica etc have been successfully used for bio-diesel development. Genetically modified species can leads to
further enhancement of bio-diesel productivity. However, some edible oils may be utilized for bio-diesel
development in case of its abundance presence and species like Schleichera oleosa (Kusum) can be
experimented to see effect of agitation rate, molar ratio, amount of catalyst, viability, sustainability etc to
develop bio-diesel finally. Bio-diesel production sustainability assessment depends on many factors like type &
availability of material/ plant species used efficiency, cost-benefit analysis, production rate, environmental
issues. Moreover, genetically engineered species can enhance the production of bio-fuel/ bio-diesel. India has
approximately 20 % geographical area as waste land and 50 % of this may be developed and utilized for
growing plant species used for bio-diesel production with efforts. Afforestation/ reforestation on such waste
lands also improve air quality and therefore global environmental health. The Government should also initiate
reforms in its policies through amendments in existing provisions and in formation of more effective new rules.
Further research is needed to understand viability & sustainability of bio-diesel production with respect to
demand as well as environmental pollution.

OP-20: Electromagnetic wave Impacts on Functional Ecosystem: Some Important
Issues

S. K. Yadav
Environmental Sciences, SCRIET,CCS University, Meerut U. P., India
skyemvu@yahoo.com

Electromagnetic (EM) waves have impacts on both biotic and abiotic components of functional ecosystem. An
electromagnetic wave can be created by accelerating charges, moving charges back and forth will produce
oscillating electric and magnetic fields, or source could be anything like use of cell phones, transmission lines
for electricity etc and these travel at the speed of light. The impact of EM radiation on any component of
ecosystem depends on intensity, duration of exposure, frequency, wavelength, medium of propagation and
ecosystem health. The energy in an electromagnetic wave is tied up in the electric and magnetic fields and an
electromagnetic wave has both electric and magnetic fields, so the total energy density associated with an
electromagnetic wave has more impact on ecosystem components. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by
37

a broad range of wavelengths and frequencies, each associated with a specific intensity (or amplitude) and
quantity of energy. As far as impacts are considered, it is important to note that electromagnetic waves follow
the laws of reflection as well as refraction, and it has been reported that electromagnetic waves can cause danger
and risk to human health in the form of cancer, skin diseases, digestive problems and many other diseases.
Researchers reported that exposure to weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can disturb the production of the
hormone melatonin by the pineal gland in the brain, eventually leading to an increase in the risk of breast cancer
and degenerative diseases such as coronary artery disease, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Likewise,
epidemiological and laboratory reports suggest that children exposed to EMFs from power lines are at greater
risk of developing leukemia, and that adults exposed to EMFs at work run a higher risk of leukemia and brain
cancer. There are more recent concerns that cell phone users are more likely to suffer from brain tumors, but
further research is required to assess confirmed specific impacts on particular organ system, and many physicists
argue that there is no plausible mechanism by which low levels of non-ionizing radiation could affect living
tissue, as magnetic fields are thought to be harmless, and electric fields are thought to flow around, rather than
through the human body. Many epidemiologists have indicated that electromagnetic fields have biological
effects, including an increase in the rate of cell division. Nevertheless, EM radiations have impact on all
physiological process of biota (plants & animals including human being) and further research is needed to assess
impacts on specific organ system of functional ecosystem.

OP-21Adsorptive Removal of a Hazardous Dye Tartrazine from Water and Wastewater
by Activated Gram Husk

Rajeev Jain and Shalini Sikarwar
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jiwaji University Gwalior, M. P., India
rajeevjain54@yahoo.co.in, shalini_jiwajiun@yahoo.com

The increase in environmental pollution caused by hazardous dyes is of great concern because of their
carcinogenic properties, non-biodegradability and bio-accumulation. Coloured wastewater poses a challenge to
the conventional wastewater treatment techniques. Solidliquid phase adsorption has been found to be effective
for the removal of dyes from effluent. In this study, the ability of gram husk as an adsorbent for the removal of a
pharmaceutical dye, Tartrazine has been investigated under various experimental conditions. Tartrazine
(trisodium salt of 3-carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenylazopyrazole) was selected as the model
compound for this study because of its wide application in various pharmaceutical formulations either as such or
in combination with some other dyes as color additives. The adsorption equilibrium data can be fitted well by
the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The effect of the experimental parameters, such as temperature, salt,
and pH was investigated through a number of batch adsorption experiments. By using UV spectrophotometer,
concentration of dye was measured before and after adsorption. The kinetic studies confirm the first order
process for the adsorption reaction and also play an important role in finding out half-life of the adsorption
process and rate constants for the adsorbents. Different thermodynamic parameters like Gibb's free energy,
enthalpy and entropy of the undergoing process are also evaluated through these adsorption models. The
estimated values for G
o
were - 8.034 10
3
and -2.412 10
3
over activated carbon and activated gram husk at
303 K (30
o
C), indicate toward a spontaneous nature of the process, and the positive heats of enthalpy suggest
the endothermic nature of the process. The dye recovery has been achieved by eluting dil. NaOH through the
exhausted columns. A significant decrease in the COD values was observed, which clearly indicates that
adsorption method offer a good potential to remove Tartrazine from wastewater.

OP-22: Assessment of Underground Water Contamination In and Around

Shobha Gupta
1*
, Ranjana Dixit
2
and Ravindra Kumar Sharma
3
1
Department of Chemistry, D.A.K. College, Moradabad, U.P, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, Delhi, India
3
Testing and Calibration Lab Moradabad, U.P., India
shobhagupta1@in.com

The present study was conducted to assess the various contamination in underground water in Moradabad city.
Representative water samples were collected on random basis from hand pumps of eighteen sampling locations.
The samples were analysed for major physical and chemical water quality parameters like pH, alkalinity,
electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids(TDS), total hardness(TH), Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl
-
, NO
3
-
& SO
4
2-
.
The underground water quality contamination level was found high at Lal Bagh and Katgarh area where number
of electroplating units are working and their effluents were drained directly into the kaccha drainage system.
The parameters such as pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, nitrate, sulphate and chloride show high
38

deviation. Among the heavy metals, iron was found to be above the WHO limit. Our study concludes that
underground water quality in study region shows variation in different parameters. Thus we found that regular
monitoring of underground water quality in this region is highly important for our future sustainabilty.

OP-23: A survey along the upstream Ganga canal identifying the number of drains and
bathing ghats at Haridwar prior to Kumbh-2010 and assessing the water quality during
Kumbh on the same stretch.

Vandana Sati
1
and Namita Joshi
2
1
Beehive College of Engineering and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalay, GKU Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
vandu.env@gmail.com

This paper deals first with the enumeration of drains (Regulated, Non-Regulated and Storm channels) and
bathing ghats from Sarvanand Ghat to Jatwara Pul. 30 drains of aforesaid types were identified. Similarly, 53
bathing ghats (Paved and Unpaved) were recorded along the same stretch according to the study. Har ki Pauri
and Muneshwar Ghat were chosen as sampling sites, various physicochemical parameters like temperature,
TDS, conductivity, pH, DO, BOD and coliform levels were assessed before and after the snans. No appreciable
change was noticed in water quality owing to low temperatures and tapping of drains mainly the regulated ones
along the canal course.

OP-24: Waste Water Treatment Using Plant Material

Vimla Yadav
*
, Neetu Raina, and Rita Yadav
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
vimmi2k2@rediffmail.com, nr.bhat@rediffmail.com, ritayadav76@gmail.com

Water the most precious natural resource of the world, covers over 70% of the earth. In spite of such large
quantity of water present over the earth surface, only 0.4% is available for use, whereas 97% earth water is the
saline sea water and 2.6% is captured in polar ice caps, glaciers, atmosphere or underground, still 4,300,000
cubic kilometers
[1]
is available to sustain life on the planet earth. Water resources all over the world are under
threat not only because of over exploitation and poor management but also by ecological degradation. Today,
wastewater disposal is the major problem faced by developing countries, like India. At present only about 10%
of the waste water
[2]
generated is treated and rest is discharged as such into the water bodies. Sewage treatment
by plant materials is receiving attention of researchers, because it is effective, economical, eco-friendly and easy
to implement in rural areas also. Plant material has been traditionally used to remove impurities since ancient
times
[3]
. In India, Nirmali tree seeds were used to purify water. Similarly, Moringa olifera
[4]
commonly known
as drumsticks is effective source of primary coagulant for water treatment. Scientists are exploring the
possibility of using algae and bacteria etc. to fix the waste water and consequently use as alternative energy
source.

OP-25: A comparison of the breeding biology of the Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus
saularis) between tree cavities and nest boxes

Vinaya Kumar Sethi
*
and Dinesh Bhatt
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
vinayaksethi@yahoo.co.in, dineshharidwar@gmail.com

The Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis), a common song bird of the Indian subcontinent, is a
secondary cavity nester which selects cavities in a wide range of tree species. Rapid rate of deforestation due to
developmental activities such as industrialization, urbanization, extension of agricultural activities in the native
range of the Oriental Magpie Robin coupled with inter- and intraspecific competition for nesting cavities has
been observed to decline in the population of this species.
We studied the breeding biology of the Oriental Magpie Robin in natural tree cavities and artificial wooden nest
boxes during 2008-2010 in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India (i) to examine whether different breeding parameters
from nest boxes were comparable with data from tree cavities and (ii) to ascertain the potential of nest boxes as
an alternative nest site for the conservation of this species.
39

Results indicated that there were no significant differences in egg characteristics, clutch size, incubation period,
hatching success and nestling period between nests in natural cavities and nest boxes. However, breeding
success was found significantly higher in nest boxes as compared to cavities. This was caused due to the higher
rate of predation and mortality of young in cavities than nest boxes. Besides this, in a recent study on the House
Sparrow (Passer domesticus), a sharp-declining bird species from many urban landscapes around the globe, we
observed significantly higher breeding success of this species in nest boxes as compared to natural nests. It is
clear from the results that nest boxes provide safe nesting sites to the Oriental Magpie Robin that in turn
increases its breeding output. Thus, nest box fixation has a remarkable potential to be used in the conservation
of the Oriental Magpie Robin and probably other secondary cavity nesting avian species.

OP-26: Biodiversity and Its Economical Significance

Vipul Bhatt
Department of Economics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
vipulakb@gmail.com

Relationship between human cause and human effect is clearly tied into the functioning of the ecosystem. it is
necessary to understand the way in which the ecological system works. In order to be able to predict what will
happen to human wellbeing as a result of a human impact, it is first necessary to be able to predict what happens
to the extent and variability of the biological resource. This is the province of the biophysical scientists. It is
now seriously realize how much we depend upon wildlife for a wide range of so-called ecosystem services.
These services, which include soil protection, pest control and the supply of clean water, are to a significant
extent provided by natural and semi-natural ecosystems which in the past were thought to have little or no
economic significance. This recognition has important implications for conservation. The emerging discipline of
ecological economics provides methods for assessing the economic value of wildlife. While it is idle to pretend
that the application of such methods will solve the biodiversity crisis, economic analysis can be useful in
strengthening the case for conservation. Such analysis can demonstrate the potentially high economic value of
wildlife, and reveal more clearly the economic and social pressures which threaten it. It is argued that while
nature reserves and other protected areas will always be important, we must shift our attention increasingly to
the preservation of biological diversity within the major forms of land-use. High priority must be given to
finding ways of restoring biological diversity and enhancing ecosystem function in those areas which have
already been seriously damaged. In these tasks ecological economics has an important role to play. The
economics of biodiversity protection is a matter of probabilities.

OP-27: The inhibition of atmospheric autoxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide by volatile
organic compounds (VOCs).

Yogpal Dhayal
*
, C. P. S. Chandel and K. S. Gupta
Atmospheric Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
guptaks14@rediffmail.com

Acid rain is a well known pollution phenomenon being caused by atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide in
both gas and aqueous phases. One of the major causes of acidification of rain water is the oxidation of aqueous
SO
2
by O
2
catalyzed by trace atmospheric constituents such as metallic and nonmetallic compounds, suspended
particulate matter, etc. The atmosphere abounds in large number of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). The
role of VOCs in relation to the chemistry of acid rain is less understood. This lead us to study the kinetics of the
oxidation of aqueous S(IV) by atmospheric oxygen in presence of several VOCs, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl
alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, ter-butyl
alcohol, o-xylene , m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, benzene etc. In general, in case of inhibition of the oxidation of
S(IV), the kinetics was defined by the rate law: R
aut
= R
0
/( 1+ B[Inh]), where R
aut
is the rate of autoxidation in
the presence of the inhibitor, R
0
is the rate in the absence of inhibitor, B is an empirical inhibition parameter and
[Inh] is the concentration of inhibitor.
The values of B for different VOCs studied have been determined and compared. It is interesting to point out
that out of three/four members of two xylenes/ butanols homologous series, one member did not inhibit the rate.
The possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect would be presented.

40
OP-28: Assessment of Impact of Various activities on Physico-chemical water quality of

the Pond of Rajnagar (Khajuraho) along with pollution study of drains joining to the
Pond
J. S. Parihar
1*
, L. N. Gupta
2
, S. P. Parihar
1
, and G. S. Gupta
2
1
Department of Chemistry and Botany Govt. Maharaja P. G. College, Chhatarpur, M. P., India
2
Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Energy & Environment,
Faculty of Science & Environment, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya University,
Chitrakoot, Satna, M.P. India
lnchitrakoot@gmail.com

Present study deals with assessment of impact of various activities on physico-chemical water quality of
Rajnagar (Khajuraho) pond, district Chhatarpur, M.P. along with pollution load study of locality drains joining
to the pond. Monitoring was carried out once a year in month between February- March, 2011. Estimated
physico-chemical parameters for pond water were temperature, turbidity, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total
dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH),calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, chloride,
sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Assessment of
pollution load study of locality drains was carried out in term of BOD and TSS using flow rate. All parameters
were analysed using prescribed standard methods for examination of water and wastewater and chemical and
biological methods for water pollution studies. The higher values of conductivity, TDS, hardness, phosphate
and BOD were noticed due to more additional activities by surrounding mass. While all physico-chemical
parameters were safe within their recommended standards as per WHO. Total generated wastewater of both
sides of drain was found 3.5 MLD. The total pollution load of both sides of drains was found 852.43 and 550.33
kg/day in term of BOD and TSS respectively.

OP-29: Improve mental health, Control diseases and save Environment by the
Cultivation of Ornamental and fragranted flowering Plants in India

S. R. Katiyar
*
and Archana
Department of Botany, Govt. P.G.College, Gopeshwar, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India
princem201065@gmail.com

Scientific development, urbanization, industrialization and rapid increasing human population give more
struggle to human beings and polluted the environment. Now-a-days, people are facing problems like residence,
education, employment and competition in various fields to achieve better than others is feeling show the tense
life, which give the insecurity and more anxiety to human beings. So some people are suffering from many
harmful diseases like high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, etc. Above harmful diseases and all the mental
diseases are begin from the anxiety. Thus, those persons are not mentally fit or anxiety free, they cant do their
work efficiently and not well adjusted with their society. From this, so many problems will be arises in the
human society. For the human well adjustment and relaxation from anxiety to give them more entertainment
facilities and other pleasant atmosphere that will able to reduce the anxiety. In this sense, we should be planted
ornamental and fragranted flowering plants along the road sides and make parks/gardens from them. In this
connection, we have prepared a list of 88 ornamental and fragranted flowering plants consisted a habit namely
tree, shrub and climber with their special uses individually. No doubt, beautiful scented plants attract to movers
and passengers. Every person will feel happy and forget his problem and tension between them. These plants
also reduce noise and air pollution effect on human beings and give some important things to people and able to
make the environmental balance also.
OP-30: Efficiency of Aspergillus fumigatus for decolourization and detoxification of
Pulp and Paper mill effluent

A. K. Chopra and Pushpendra Pal Singh
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
profakchopra@yahoo.co.in, pps09gangwar@gmail.com

Biosorption is an efficient technique for the decolourization and detoxification of Pulp and Paper mill effluent
(black liquor). An experimental study was conducted for aerobic treatment in Bench-top Bioreactor to find out
41

the degradability of pulp and paper mill effluent using Aspergillus fumigatus (MTCC No. 3377).The experiment
was conducted in controlled conditions using various pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5) and temperatures (15, 20,
25, 30 and 35
o
C). After 7
th
day of incubation period, the fungal strain A. fumigatus showed potential degradation
of colour and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent at optimum 5.5 pH and 25
o
C temperature. The
significant reduction was found in colour (78.65%), lignin (62.03%), BOD (67.50%) and COD (50.12%) of the
Pulp and paper mill effluent with A. fumigatus in 7 days.

OP-31: Bioavailability of metallic contents in agricultural soil affected by waste water at
Dehradun city

Chakresh Pathak and A. K. Chopra
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
chakreshpathak@yahoo.co.in

Accumulation of metallic contents of soil affected from wastewater irrigation is a cause of serious problem
concern due to their potential accumulation in vegetables and food products growing in such affected areas. The
present study revealed that in waste water being disposed near the Railway station, Pathri Bagh area at
Dehradun city for irrigation of vegetables had maximum concentration of Pb (0.710.06 mg/l) and Cu
(0.450.04 mg/l) in summer season, Cd (0.090.00 mg/l) in monsoon season, Zn (0.460.01 mg/l), Ni
(1.280.00 mg/l), and Cr (1.560.18 mg/l) in winter season during the year 2008-2009. The metallic contents in
waste-water used for irrigation were below the permissible limits (WHO) set for agricultural use for all heavy
metals except Pb, Cu, Ni and Cd in summer season, while in winter season the Ni, Cd and Cr concentrations
were above the permissible limits. In waste water irrigated soil, the metal contents were maximum for Ni
(74.8515.04 mg/kg), Cd (22.220.95 mg/kg) and Cr (81.241.34 mg/kg) in monsoon season while the
concentration of Pb (122.233.57 mg/kg), Cu (56.7915.77 mg/kg) and Zn (195.8714.03 mg/kg) were found
in winter season in comparison to the control (irrigated with tubewell water). The mean heavy metal contents in
waste water irrigated soil were below the permissible limits for all heavy metals except Cd. The enrichment
factor (EF) for Cr (8.74) was maximum and minimum for Cu (0.88). The EF for different metals were in the
order of Cr (8.74) > Ni (1.85) > Pb (1.77) > Cd (1.68)> Zn (1.46)> Cu (0.88) in summer season, Zn (4.03) > Ni
(2.57) > Cd (2.38)> Cu (2.16) >Cr (1.78) > Pb (1.56) in monsoon season and in winter season Cr (5.13) > Pb
(4.82) >Zn (4.70) > Cu (3.07) > Ni (2.61) > Cd (1.18). The present study concluded that the waste water
irrigation has increased the metallic contents in soil in comparison to tube well water irrigated soil. Monitoring
of the affected waste-water irrigated area should be done in regular intervals so that concentration of metallic
contents may not cross the prescribed standard permissible limits.

OP-32: Electrochemical treatment of secondarily treated sewage-wastewater

A. K. Chopra and Arun Kumar Sharma
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences
Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
profakchopra@yahoo.co.in, asharma.env@gmail.com

Electrochemical treatment can be an effective technique for treatment secondarily treated sewage-wastewater
.The present investigation has observed the effect of electrolytic time, applied voltage, pH and supporting
electrolyte on COD removal efficiency of secondarily treated sewage wastewater.. A glass chamber of 2 liter
volume was used for the experiment with two electrode plates of aluminum each having area of 125 cm
2
and 2
cm distance apart from each other. The treatment showed that the removal efficiency of COD increased to
84.9 % with the increase in applied voltage, time and supporting electrolyte (NaCl) dosage. The most effective
removal efficiency was seen at pH 7. Further, 0.5 g/l NaCl as a supporting electrolyte for electrochemical
treatment was found to be very efficient for the removal of COD (84.9%) at 12 volt in 30 minutes.

42

OP-33: Effect of Electric field on Swelling and Controlled Drug Loading Characteristic
of Anionic Hydrogels Based on PEG-b-Poly (NIPAM-co-AMPS)

A. K. Saikia
1*
, Saroj Aggarwal
2
, Harjeet Singh
1
, S. P. Sharma
3
and U. K. Mandal
4

1
Department of Plastic Engineering, G. N. D. Polytechnic Institute, Delhi, India
2
University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, G G S Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
3
Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
4
University School of Chemical Technology, G G S Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
saikia_07@yahoo.co.in

Electrosensitive hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)
and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) with different molar ratio in presence of
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as macroinitiator. The incorporation of functional monomer in the hydrogel was
confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The swelling behaviour of hydrogels under an electric field application was
investigated as a function of AMPS concentration in the feed composition and electric field intensity. The result
indicated that the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) of hydrogels strictly depend on concentration of AMPS
monomer in the feed composition and electric field intensity. The equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) increases
from 54 (no electric field) to 188 (by application of 571 V/m electric field) for the hydrogel sample having 10
mol% of AMPS concentration in the feed composition. The swelling process of hydrogels exhibited a Non-
Fickian diffusion model without electric field and super case-II diffusion model under application of electric
field. The drug loading characteristics of these hydrogels were also investigated in the presence of an electric
field.

OP-34: Preparation and Characterization of Bi based Ternary oxide systems

Anoopshi Johari
1
and Anima Johari
2
1
Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Engg. College, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India
2
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
anoopshi.akg@gmail.com

Multiferroics represent an appealing class of functional materials that exhibit different ferroic properties
simultaneously. The coexistence of several interactions, particularly existence of a cross-coupling between
ferroelectric and magnetic interactions, known as magnetoelectric (ME) coupling, brings about novel physical
phenomena and offer possibilities for new device functions. In recent years, BiFeO3 (BF) is one of the most
extensively studied multiferroic materials and it is the only material known to exhibit magnetic order (TN= 643
K) and ferroelectric order (ferroelectric transition temperature Tc= 1103 K) at room temperature. Solid Solution
of BiFeO3-PbTiO3 (BF-PT) is one such solid-solution, which exhibits improved dielectric, ferroelectric,
magnetic properties and is reported as a potential candidate for enhanced ME coupling. In present work, we
report detailed studies made on Bi- based ternary oxide systems along with a very important study made on
binary oxide solid-solution series. The two Bi- based solid solutions series studied are:
(i) BiFeO3-SmFeO3-PbTiO3 (BF-SmF-PT)
(ii) (ii) BiFeO3-NdFeO3- PbTiO3 (BF-NdF-PT)
The Neodymium (Nd) doped and Samarium (Sm) doped BF-PT samples of [(Bi0.5-x Ndx) FeO3]0.50
(PbTiO3)0.50 were successfully synthesized via solid state reaction route method. The structures are sintered at
the temperature of 1100C and 1200C. The Nd doped BF-PT samples were polished by using the diamond
paste. The as synthesized samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray
diffraction (XRD) for studying their surface morphology and crystal structure. The SEM images confirm the
growth of Nd doped BF-PT nanoparticles and powder. SEM results also conclude that the particle size is
different for different composition and have diameter from 1m to 2 m in Nd doped BF-PT nanostructures and
1 m to 5 m in Sm doped BF-PT powder.

OP-35: A Novel Multi-objective Approach for Planning of DGs in Emerging Power
Systems

Bindeshwar Singh, K. S. Verma, Deependra Singh and S. N. Singh
bindeshwar.singh2025@gmail.com

In this paper, a novel muti-objective evolutionary computational algorithms such as Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) technique has been proposed for planning of DGs form the different performance
43

parameters of power systems viewpoint such as minimize the active power losses and cost of system, improve
the voltage profile, increase the loadability of systems, and provide the reactive power support in emergency
case such fault occur or suddenly change in field excitation of alternators, or suddenly load increased in power
systems. A simulation for proposed algorithm has been not performed on any test systems. Only algorithms are
developed in this paper. The simulation and results discussed in the next paper on test systems such as IEEE-14,
IEEE-57, and IEEE-300 bus systems for planning of DGs and the results obtained are encouraging and will be
useful in electrical restructuring.

OP-36: Developing an Artificial Intelligence learning technique based PROLOG
application for finding optimal solution of TSP problem

Garima Krishna and Khaliqur Rehman Ansari
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
garimakrishna07@gmail.com, kkg2000@gmail.com

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) means that a travelling salesman needs to promote products in n cities. After
visiting each city (each city can be visited once), he returns to the departure city. TSP has been proven to be a
NP-hard problem, i.e. failure of finding a polynomial time algorithm to get a optimal solution. TSP is easy to
interpret, yet hard to solve. This problem has aroused many scholars interests since it was put forward in 1932.
However, until now, no effective solution has been found. Though TSP only represents a problem of the
shortest ring road, in actual life, many physical problems are found to be the TSP. We hope to find a travelling
route with the shortest length. So, it is of significance to make a study on the problem of the shortest route. This
renders us a use value. In this paper we introduce GK-Ant, a family of algorithms which present many
similarities with Q-learning (Watkins, 1989), and which we apply to the solution of symmetric and asymmetric
instances of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). GK-Ant algorithms were inspired by work on the ant system
(AS), a distributed algorithm for combinatorial optimization based on the metaphor of ant colonies which was
recently proposed in (Dorigo, 1992; Dorigo, Maniezzo and Colorni, 1996). We show that AS is a particular
instance of the GK-Ant family, and that there are instances of this family which perform better than AS. We
experimentally investigate the functioning of GK-Ant and we show that the results obtained by GK-Ant on
symmetric TSP's are competitive with those obtained by other heuristic approaches based on neural networks or
local search. Finally, we apply GK-Ant to some difficult asymmetric TSP's obtaining very good results: GK-Ant
was able to find solutions of a quality which usually can be found only by very specialized algorithms.

OP-37: Bio - Thermal Effect Due to Radiation from Broadcasting Antenna

Hemendra Tripathi
1*
, Devendra Singh
2
,
Shivani Avasthi
1
and

P. P. Pathak
1
1*
Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2
Department of Physics, FET, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
hemendratripathi@gmail.com

Radio frequency radiation emitted by radio broadcasting antenna causes the thermal effect as it gets penetrated
and absorbed inside the tissues. The specific absorption rate in consequence of induced electric field due to
radio tower is numerically calculated and graphically represented at different distances from the transmission
tower. The depth of penetration inside the some selected tissues is varied from 10 m to 50 m. The
thermoregulatory mechanism of the body which maintains the body temperature at a set point is also discussed.
The unavailability of sufficient mechanisms to carry away all of the unwanted heat during the gain of heat
energy deposited through broadcasting antenna may cause the damage of tissues which would be harmful for
human being. The international guidelines of WHO and ICNIRP are used to compare the amount of energy
deposition in the tissues due to radio frequency of high power broadcasting antenna.

OP-38: Production of biogas and other products by utilizing waste glycerol

Venko Beschkov and Ivan Angelov
*
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
vbeschkov@yahoo.com, yeraodos@gmail.com

Biofuels are considered as alternative to conventional fuels, but in the context of the rising prices of oil and
keeping the environment safe from pollution, they could become the fuels of the future. Biofuels are produced
44
by extracting from biomass, which is a renewable source of energy. Under biofuels it is understood fuels like
ethanol, produced from biomass by fermentation; biodiesel produced from plant oils and animal fats and biogas,
produced by anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes.
Biodiesel is alternative fuel to conventional diesel. One of the main problems in the industrial production of the
biodiesel is the waste glycerol. It is estimated that for every 1 tone of biodiesel, 100 kg of waste glycerol is
produced. This glycerol contains water, methanol, and other compounds. Because of the lower quality of this
kind of glycerol, it is not profitable to be sold in the market. New applications for that glycerol are under
scientific research. Some of these applications might be the production of different organic compounds;
production of biogas, which could be used as fuel for heating, cooking, generating electricity and as fuel in
vehicles. The process is called anaerobic digestion, which is carried out in bioreactors. In the case of glycerol,
anaerobic digestion consists of two main steps: conversion into organic acids and carbon dioxide and hydrogen,
consequent conversion of these intermediates into methane. The problem consists in the very high sensitivity of
the methanogenic bacteria to pH variation, caused by the accumulation of acids. The purpose is to investigate
the possibility of utilizing the glycerol by anaerobic digestion. The bioreactor is loaded with a solution of waste
glycerol and water.
It was shown that the glycerol could be used as substrate for producing biogas, but not in a large scale factory. It
is also possible to produce organic acids, which have a lot of applications, as well as compost, which could be
used as alternative of the artificial fertilizers.

OP-39: Green Approach towards ICT and Cloud Computing

Mahendra Singh Aswal and Vinod Kumar
Department of Computer Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

The ICT has emerged as the integral and essential part of our daily life today. The rapid technological
advancement is being observed in the area of computer hardware and communication. The domain of Internet-
based communications has recently been under tremendous growth, with router hardware now able to process
data at a rate of several terabits per second. At the same time, the upcoming wireless technology has enabled
users to be connected anytime and anywhere in the world. However, it is important to consider all the costs
that arise from such new technology. Besides acquisition and maintenance costs, energy consumption of
computation, storage and communications is becoming increasingly significant. Rising energy costs and the
need to reduce carbon emissions have led to an increased awareness of the need to improve energy efficiency
wherever possible. For computing equipment such as monitors and desktop computers, standards like Energy
Star exist to ensure that energy resources are used efficiently. However, little attention has so far been paid to
energy consumption in networks, and comparable standards for networking equipment do not yet exist.
Fortunately, there is potential to improve energy efficiency in networks, as despite their energy consumption
being high, their utilization is generally below 5%. Cloud computing has recently received considerable
attention, as a promising energy-efficient approach for delivering ICT services. The present paper, reviews
various methods and technologies currently used for energy-efficient or green operation of computer hardware
and network infrastructure and explores some of the key issues regarding implementation of green ICT solutions
in cloud computing and network environment.

OP-40: On Semi-Projective Modules

Manoj Kumar Patel
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukula Kangri University
mkpitb@gmail.com

In this paper we have studied the properties of quasi-principally projective module related with generalized
Hopfian and variants of supplemented modules. We have discussed the summand intersection property,
summand sum property and proved that for a non-M-cosingular quasi principally projective module M, if M is
(completely) directsupplemented then it has summand sum property. Apart from this we have introduced the
idea of generalized hollow module and for an epi-retractable, uniserial quasi-principally projective module we
have proved that discrete, quasi-discrete, lifting, hollow and generalized hollow modules are equivalent.

45
OP-41: Comparative study of the Thermal performance of Flat Plate Solar Air Heater
for different Models

Naveen Sharma
*
, Promila and Sunil
sharma.naveen28@yahoo.com

Solar collectors are exaggeratedly efficacious in all fields of living like agricultural, residential and industrial
fields for multifarious applications like: seasoning of timber, greenhouse heating, curing of industrial products
and where less than 100
o
C fluid temperature is required. In recent work, the effect of various environmental
(solar radiation intensity, wind velocity and ambient temperature), design (number of glass cover plate,
emissivity of glass plate and tilt angle) and operating parameters (mass flow rate, Reynolds number) on the
thermal performance have been studied. The present study aims to evaluate top loss coefficient for different
models and finally compare the thermal performance considering different parameters for solar air heater.

OP-42: Recent Development and Application of Anticorrosive Paints

N. Srivastva
1*
, A. Mehrotra
1
and M. G. H. Zaidi
2

1
Departmentof Applied Chemistry, M. J. P.Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U. P., India
2
College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pant Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
drnimjpru@rediffmail.com

Corrosion protection of ships in the marine environment has challenged us for years. Nowadays many
innovative types of epoxy coatings and specialized paints available to prevent corrosion attack. Ships and
offshore structures require protection against the marine environment. This protection is required above and
below the waterline as well as the splash zone in offshore structures, being exposed to both air and liquid. To
preserve iron work from corrosion, by reducing the formation of rust to a minimum, it has been coated with
anti-corrosive paints. A novel coating exhibits very high resistance to corrosion attack, long term stability in
destructive media and an environmentally friendly. A paint formulated with a corrosive-resistant pigment (such
as lead chromate, zinc chromate, or red lead) and moisture-resistant binder used to protect iron and steel
surfaces. Besides metals, these compounds give an excellent bonding with concrete surfaces. The product
components in solution penetrate into the porous concrete surface and form plastic tentacles within the substrate
which firmly hold the coating to provide an extra strong bonding with the concrete surface. The coating prevents
erosion of the concrete by weather, water, chemicals and gases. The coating prevents the growth of fungus,
moss, algae and other vegetative as well as bacterial life. All oil-based paints are not anti-corrosion paints. They
are merely decorative paints which protect the metal surface partially against the climatic corrosion but fail to
work against the drastic corrosion caused by various industrial chemicals & gases. It possesses a unique self
priming property, the use of special primer is recommended to produce a durable coating, however in the
absence of primer, a suitable Zinc Phosphate / Zinc Chromate primer can be used.

OP-43: Technology capacity building for E-waste recycling: A comparison between the
technology used by formal and informal sectors

Sirajuddin Ahmed
1
, Mohammed Shakeel
2
and Rashmi Makkar Panwar
3
12
Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
3
G. B. Pant. Polytechnic, New Delhi, India
sirajuahmed@rediffmail.com, mdshak_jmi@yahoo.com, rashmimakkarpanwar@gmail.com

Solid waste management is a gigantic task in India. The phenomenal growth in Information Technology as well
exponential increase in use of electronic gadgets in our daily life over the past decade, has resulted in generation of huge
quantity of Electronic waste(E-waste). The complex composition of E-waste has further complicated the issue of solid
waste management. E-waste contains many types of metallic and non metallic hazardous chemicals. When electronic
waste is dumped in landfills, not only all the energy and material used in making the product is lost, but it also poses high
risk of environmental hazards. Their improper disposal may cause severe environmental problems. Electronic junk
contains a fair amount of useful components and materials which can be reused or recycled. The major issue of E-waste
management in India is the presence of un-organized backyard recyclers who are practicing E-waste recycling by
adopting crude methods resulting in inefficient recovery, besides causing health and environmental hazards. Informal
sector recycles more than 90 % of the entire E-waste handled .In this paper, a comparative study is made between formal
46
E-waste recycling and informal recycling processes practiced in Delhi. It has been concluded that there is an urgent need
of strong investment and regulation mechanism for technological capacity building of unorganized sector.

OP-44: Thermal Conductivity of Quantum Well

Richa Saini
Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Kushwaha.richa@yahoo.in

In this work, we present theoretical model for the thermal conductivity of superlattices, based on minigap
scattering. It emerges from the present study that thermal conductivity of semiconductors as well as that of
semiconductors quantum well structures can be successfully explained with the help of the present
modifications in the Callaway model.

OP-45: A Study of Some weaker forms of commuting maps in fuzzy metric spaces

Ritu Arora
Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
ritu.arora29@gmail.com

The purpose of this paper is to study some weaker forms of commuting maps in fuzzy metric spaces.

OP-46: Smart Transport System

Sukhbir Singh Sandhu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering and Technology,
Tangori, Mohali, India

As the 21st century unfolds, the challenges of soaring travel demand and its environmental impact will begin to
test the city's capability to move people and goods safely and efficiently. It is important to stress that the
proposals have not been developed to detailed planning stage, and comment is being sought at the concept level
only. Detailed environmental impact assessment, and comprehensive public consultation, will be required
before final decisions can be made, or construction can start. The actions in this paper provide a strong focus on
investments to achieve a sustainable transport system.
The overall aim of the transport system is to provide sustainable transport system. Sustainable transportation is
achieved when needs for access to people, services and goods are met without doing permanent harm to the
global environment, damaging local environments, and reducing social equity. It includes
Rates of consumption of non-renewable resources that do not exceed the rates at which substitutes are
developed
Rates of emission and concentration of substances which do not exceed the assimilative capacity of the
environment.
There are five parts to the City Transport Plan:
1. The transport challenge a reason to change
2. The approach
3. The key Strategies
4. Funding and Finance
5. Sustainable Transport for Agenda to action
Seven strategic objectives for the City Transport Plan
1. Quality public transport
2. Coordinated land use and transport systems
3. Moderated travel demand growth
4. Attractive non-motorized transport
5. A safe and efficient road system
6. Efficient freight and air transport operations to support economic development
7. An integrated and environmentally responsible transport system

47
OP-47: An Analytical Method to Calculate Cost based on Design Structure Matrix for
Unplanned tasks

Sachin Kumar Saxena and Garima Krishna
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
GRD - Institute of Management & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
sachinsax@gmail.com

A design structure matrix (DSM) model is constructed to capture the relationship between members, and it can
be transformed to searching better cost product. Design Structure Matrix is a structured method which has an
advantage on representing and analyzing relations among system elements such as development tasks, design
parameters, architecture concepts and organizational teams. Several researches have been done to calculate the
cost function of any planned task for any project. But no method has been proposed for the unplanned tasks.
This paper presents an analytical method to calculate cost based on design structure matrix for unplanned tasks.
For unplanned tasks we mean tasks which costs are not predicted earlier or time is not described properly due to
iterations or overlapping. The MATLAB simulation is used to represent the results and comparisons with
conventional ways to solve the final cost of entire project. Other methods also have been presented to find the
optimal solution such as PERT/ CPM and Gantt chart but are failed to interpret the overlapping and iteration
inside any project therefore DSM has been introduced to represent the vivid scenario of any project in the
market.
OP-48: A Review on the Fuel Cells Development

Sanjay L. Bhagat
*
, V. S. Sapkal, Manesh B. Patil, and R. S. Sapkal
University Department of Chemical Technology, Sant Gadge Baba Amaravati University, M. S., India
callbsanjay@yahoo.com

Fuel cells offer a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuel systems, due to their high efficiency, low
environmental impact and flexible application. One of the suggested systems for residential, automotive and
portable applications is the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which has a proton conducting polymer
membrane as electrolyte. While the fuel used most fuel cells is hydrogen (e.g. in the polymer electrolyte
membrane fuel cell: PEMFC), the DMFC uses methanol as fuel. Fuel cells are attractive for several
applications; however, there are several barriers which must be overcome before they can become an alternative
to internal combustion engines.

OP-49: Earth Architecture-Superadobe Construction System

Shanthi Sri Kuppa
1*
, and S. Ramya Sri
2
1
Department of Civil Engineering,
2
Department of Biotechnology
Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, A. P, India
swt789@gmail.com, shanthisr6@gmail.com

Approximately one third of the people of the world live in houses built with earth, and tens of thousands of
towns and villages have been raised practically from the ground they are standing on. Today, world
consciousness about the use of natural resources and the new perception of building codes as the steward not
only of individuals' safety, but of the planet's equilibrium, are leading us into the new millennium of sustainable
living. The Superadobe technology is the spinoff from several consecutive techniques. It is the integration of
the ancient technologies of building with earth into planetary construction technique. A review of this teqnique
has been made in this paper.

OP-50: Role of Ions and Electric field on Nucleation Rate in Water Vapour
Condensation

Shivani Avasthi
1
, Hemendra Tripathi
1
and P. P. Pathak
2
avasthi.s2@gmail.com

Theory of drop growth in presence of ions and external electric field has been applied to water vapour
condensation in middle atmosphere. The radius of critical nucleus is found to depend upon electric field. In
presence of electric field, Helmholtz free energy of formation of water molecule about a critical nucleus is found
48
to be much less than that in absence of the electric field; but equilibrium concentration of nuclei is very much
large. In presence of ions and electric field Rate of nucleation is increased as compared to uncharged and
charged case both. The energy of the nucleus formation rapidly increases with size as r
2
wc
. In presence of ions
the condensation takes place at low supersaturation because the necessary energy for germ formation is attained
at lower radii due to addition of electrostatic energy. For a given temperature , the value of supersaturation
varies approximately as (r
wc
)
-1
for uncharged drop and while in presence of charge and electric field it varies as
(r
wc
)
-1
for larger radii and (r
wc
)
-4
for smaller radii. In uncharged water drops, supersaturation smaller than unity,
are unstable but in case of charge and electric field drops can exist. Since in presence of ions and electric field a
small value of extremely sensitive to supersaturation ratio, since the term in the exponent electric field is
comparable to very high supersaturation ratio to get a nucleus of given size under similar conditions of
temperature.
OP-51: A review of the Cognitive Radio network paradigm

Anuj kumar Sharma, Vipul Sharma and Shiv kumar Singh
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
anuj84.nitj@gmail.com, vipul_s@ieee.org, shivnitjal@gmail.com

Growing numbers of people are making a habit of toting their laptops into Starbuck's, ordering half-caf skim
lattes, and plunking down in chairs to surf the Web wirelessly. That means more people are also getting used to
being kicked off the Net as computers competing for bandwidth interfere with one another. It's a local effect --
within 30 to 60 meters of a transceiver, but there's just no more space in the part of the radio spectrum
designated for Wi-Fi. Imagine, then, what happens as more devices go wireless -- not just laptops, or cell phones
and BlackBerrys, but sensor networks that monitor everything from temperature in office buildings to moisture
in cornfields, radio frequency ID tags that track merchandise at the local Wal-Mart, devices that monitor
nursing-home patients. All these gadgets have to share a finite and increasingly crowded amount of radio
spectrum. The Federal Communications Commission in the United States, and its counterparts around the
world, allocate the radio spectrum in swaths of frequency of varying widths. One band covers AM radio,
another VHF television, still others cell phones, citizen's-band radio, pagers, and so on; now, just as wireless
devices have begun proliferating, there's little left over to dole out.But as anyone who has twirled a radio dial
knows, not every channel in every band is always in use. In fact, the FCC has determined that, in some locations
or at some times of day, 70 percent of the allocated spectrum may be sitting idle, even though it's officially

OP-52: Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Metrics and Communication
Strategies

Tarun Dubey
1
and O. P. Sahu
2
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Invertis University, Bareilly, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
tarundubey79@yahoo.co.in, ops_nitk@yahoo.co.in

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is expected to play a key role for our society in the coming years. WSN can
be used as a social infrastructure tool to make our lives safe, secure, and comfortable. It is supposed to carry
various types of information, such as temperature, humidity, re alarm, intrusion warning, image, and sound.
The application arenas for this technology require high reliability and low latency than other existing
technologies. The capacity of a WSN is limited and in most of the real time applications, factors such as
energy efficiency, system time, latency, path loss, accuracy, fault-tolerance and scalability are to be considered
for extracting optimal performance from the system in order to achieve a reliable communication. This paper
undertakes the study of various issues related to the performance and communication for a WSN that are to
addressed before a widespread deployment of such networks for a wide variety of applications.

OP-53: Green Computing

Shubhi Agarwal
KCMT, Bareilly, Uttara Pradesh, India
shubhiagarwal1000@gmail.com
Green computing refers to supporting business critical computing needs with least possible amount of power or
sustainable computing. This is a new paradigm of designing the computersystem which considers not only the
processing performance but also the energy efficiency.
49
In the past ,the sole focus was on IT equipments(hardware and software),processing power and associated
equipment which includes infrastructure, power, cooling and data center space which was always assumed as
readily available and affordable. The driving force behind this change comes from the ever growing business
computing needs, fast growing burden of energy cost, growing awareness of global warming issues, and
increasing sense of national energy security.
Here we also provide are view of how IT equipment power consumption across the industry is affecting the
industry. It will focus on how equipment power consumption impacts the overall power usage and total cost of
ownership and deploy to meet their business needs.
So in this paper we depict the need of green computing to society, roads to green computing, and the strategies
to implement green computing for creating a sustainable and healthy environment.

OP-54: Green Computing

Vertika Joshi
Amrapali Institute, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
Vertika04@gmail.com

IT is both a significant (and rapidly growing) contributor to environmental problems and a potential enabler of
solutions to environmental problems. Green Computing also referred to as Green IT revolves around making
sure that people are practicing how they can save resources when they use the computing technology. The goals
are similar to Green Chemistry that is reducing the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency
during the products lifetime and promote recyclability or biodegrability of defunct products and factory waste.
Companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest ,both in terms
of public relations and reduced costs. While programs such as Energy Star have been around since the early
1990s, recent concerns regarding global climate change and the energy crisis have led to renewed interest in
Green Computing. Data centers are significant consumers of energy - both to power the computers as well as to
provide the necessary cooling. The present paper will take a look at several green initiatives currently underway
in the computer industry along with some common green computing concepts such as Virtualization, Power
Management, Recycling, and Telecommuting.

OP-55: Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Collector Technology:A Review

V. V. Tyagi
1
and N. A. Rahim
1
Centre for Power Energy Dedicated Advance Centre (UMPEDAC),
Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
vtyagi16@gmail.com

A major research and development work on the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) hybrid technology has been done
since last 30 years. Different types of Thermal collector and new material for PV cells have been developed for
efficient renewable energy utilization. The solar energy conversion in electricity and heat with a single device is
a good advancement for future energy demand called hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT). This article
gives a review of the trend of development of the technology and useful application of PVT system like as solar
cooling, water desalination, solar greenhouse, photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system,
building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) solar collector, in recent years.

OP-56: Electrochemical Treatment of Pesticide Effluent Using Rotating Disc Electrode

P. Vinoth Prabu, R. Palani, and N. Balasubramanian
Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India
nbsbala@annauniv.edu

The percentage removal of COD in the rotating disk electrode (RDE) for the synthetic pesticide effluent was
investigated. The design and selection of an appropriate electrochemical reactor for a specific purpose is
important. In this study it is attempted to treat synthetic pesticide effluent by electro-oxidation using rotating
disc electrode. Experiments were carried out by conventional and Response surface method (RSM) under
various operating condition like current density, pH, Supporting electrolyte concentration and rotation speed of
cathode to remove the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) present in the pesticide effluent. The influence of
operating parameters on percentage COD removal has been critically examined. At optimum conditions, 81.9%
COD removal was achieved.
50
OP-57: Experimental study of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using the exergy
approach

S. Anand
1
, A. Gupta
2
, I. Roy
1
and S. K. Tyagi
2
1
School of Infrastructure Technology and Resource Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University,
Katra, J&K, India
2
Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Wadala Kalan, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
sudhirtyagi@yahoo.com, sanjuanshu@rediffmail.com

Refrigeration and air-conditioning systems operating under large temperature differences between the condenser
and evaporator consume significant amounts of energy. A vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is investigated
by using both first and second laws of thermodynamics. Although the first-law approach to system analysis only
shows system coefficient of performance (COP) but it fails to locate sources of losses. Identifying and
quantifying these sources can be a useful design tool, especially in developing more complex refrigeration
systems. This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of 2TR vapor compression refrigeration (VCR)
cycle for different percentage of refrigerant charge using exergy analysis. Exergy depends on evaporating
temperature, condensing temperature, compressor pressure and environment temperature. The exergetic method
of analysis is a useful tool in explaining the various energy flows in a process, and finally helps to reduce losses
occurring in the system. This paper explains the method of carrying out an exergetic analysis on a vapor
compression refrigeration system using R-22 as refrigerants. An experimental setup has been developed and
evaluated on different operating conditions using a test rig having R-22 as working fluid. The coefficient of
performance (COP), exergy destruction, and exergetic efficiency for variable quantity of refrigerant has been
calculated. The procedure to calculate the various losses occurring in the different components, as well as the
coefficient of performance and the exergetic efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, has been explained. The
present investigation has been done by using 2TR window air conditioner and the results indicate that the losses
in the compressor are more pronounced while the losses in the condenser are less pronounced as compared to
other components i.e. evaporator and expansion device. The total exergy destruction is the highest when the
system is 100% charged, whereas it is found to be least when the system is 25% charged.
OP-58: Performance evaluation of different types of cook stoves using energy and
exergy analyses

A. K. Pandey
2
, V. Bajala
1
. S. Sahu
1
, J. P. S. Rajput
3
and S. K. Tyagi
1
1
Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Wadala Kalan, Punjab, India
2
School of Infrastructure Technology & Resource Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University,
Katra, J&K, India
3
Kaps Utilities Private Limited. Ladowali Road, Sant Nagar, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
sudhirtyagi@yahoo.com

This communication presents the comparative experimental study and performance evaluation of four different
types of cook stoves using energy and exergy analyses. In the present analysis four types of models have been
selected and water boiling test was carried out in the actual operating conditions. Wood pieces available from
the saw mill prepared in the proper size as described in the Chulah (cook stove) testing procedure of the Bureau
of Indian Standards (BIS) has been used as the fuel for cook stove in the present experimental study. The
aluminium pots of proper capacity (10 and 12 litres) have been used for different cook stoves as per the
information available in BIS standard. Readings of the different parameters viz. initial fuel weight, volume of
water, ambient air temperature, inlet fuel temperature, temperatures of pot, water, pot cover, cook stove (inner
and outer) etc. have been measured and recorded after an interval of 5 minutes from the beginning to the
completion of the experiments.
Based on the recorded data the exergy and energy efficiencies were calculated for different cook stoves at
different set of operating conditions. From these analyses it is found that the exergy efficiency is lower than that
of energy efficiency for all the four models. This is due to the fact that the energy analysis is based on the first
law of thermodynamics viz. the law of conservation of energy, while the exergy analysis is based on the second
law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law of degradation of the quality of energy. Thus it is concluded that the results
based on the exergy analysis are more appropriate for the analysis, modification and performance evaluation of
thermal energy conversion systems.

51

OP-59: Recycling of valuable metals from electronic waste using physical beneficiation
techniques

Vinod Kumar
1
, Jae-chun Lee
2*
, Jinki Jeong
2
and Doyun Shin
2
1
Mineral Processing Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR), Jamshedpur, India
2
Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources
Daejeon, Republic of Korea
vk@nmlindia.org, vinod1.mnp@gmail.com, vinod_nfp@yahoo.com

Waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) or electronic waste is the fastest growing stream in the
industrialized and urbanized world. However, treatment for WEEE is a challenge due to the association of
diverse and complex nature of materials and hazardous components. In comparison to conventional pyro-
metallurgical recycling processes present paper report a novel technique of physical recycling for the separation
of metallic concentrate of valuable and precious metals from the WEEE containing ceramic, plastic and epoxy
resin materials. In this paper, current status of treatment of electronic waste and several recycling technologies
are presented. Some advices against the existing problems during recycling process are discussed. A processing
approach involving application of inexpensive and eco-friendly integrated recycling process consisting of
mineral beneficiation and hydrometallurgical technique for complete recycling and effective resource utilization
has been discussed.

OP-60: Enhancement of Performance Parameters of Three Phase Induction Motor by
Current Source Inverter: An overview and key issues

Shah Alam Malik, S. K. Sinha

, Bindeshwar Singh, Deependra Singh, Ankit Kr. Pandey,
and Vikas Shukla


This paper presents a literature survey on enhancement of performance parameters of three phase Induction
Motor by Current Source Inverter. Also presents the current status of the improvement of current control,
frequency control, speed control and reduction of harmonics in three phase IM by CSI. Authors strongly believe
that this survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the
field of improvement of current control, voltage control, frequency control, speed control and reduction of
harmonics in three phase IM CSI.

OP-61: Mitigation of Power Quality Problems by FACTS Controllers in an Integrated
Power System: A Comprehensive Survey

Bindeshwar Singh, Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the mitigation of power quality problems such as low power
factor, shortage of reactive power, poor voltage, voltage and current harmonics due to sudden change in field
excitation of synchronous alternator, sudden increased in load, sudden fault occur in the system are solved by
FACTS controllers such as STATCOM, DSTATCOM, and D
2
STATCOM. This paper also presents current
status of mitigation of power quality problems by FACTS controllers. Authors strongly believe that this survey
article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the field of power
quality problems solved by FACTS controllers.

OP-62: Multi agent-based decentralized knowledge discovery
And agent security: a review

Aman Kumar
1
and Shiv Kumar Singh
2
1
Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
aman.kec@gmail.com

Knowledge discovery technologies have emerged as a means for ascertaining patterns and trends from huge
quantities of data. The Data Mining technology normally adopts data integration method to generate Data

52

warehouse, on which to gather all data into a central site, and then run an algorithm against that data to extract
the useful component forecast and knowledge valuation. Conversely, a particular data-mining technique has not
been verified correct for each realm and data set. Techniques connecting in such composite setting that contain
great dependence due to changes in the system can affect the overall performance of the system. Agent
computing whose endeavor is to deal with composite systems has exposed opportunities to recover distributed
data mining systems in several traditions. Multi-agent systems (MAS) habitually concerned with complex
applications that require distributed problem solving. In lots of applications the individual and collective
performance of the agents depends on the observed data from distributed sites. Distributed data mining is
initiated as the need of mining over decentralized data sources. DDM deals with these challenges in analyzing
distributed data and provide various algorithmic solutions to achieve different data analysis and mining
operations in decentralized environment. In decentralized environment like sensor network or IP network, one
has distributed probes sited at tactical locations within the network. The problem is to be capable to associate
the data found at the various probes, and discover patterns in the overall data found at all the diverse probes.
While MAS are habitually distributed, proactive and reactive in nature, hence, they are very helpful for
Knowledge Management Systems; the integration of both DDM and MAS for data rigorous systems is likable
but security consideration of participating agents is the major issue.
This paper, the integration of multi-agent system and decentralized knowledge discovery, in terms of
significance, system overview and security, standing systems, and research inclinations.

OP-63: A three dimensional Mathematical Model for atomospheric dispersion of Toxic
Pollutants

Ajendra Kumar* and Virendra Arora
*Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Ex-principal, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
ajendra.gkv@gmail.com

Toxic air pollutants are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive
effects or birth defects, or to cause adverse environmental effects on humans. The present study has developed a
three-dimension dispersion model for an elevated point source to see the effect of varying wind speed and the
removal mechanisms of toxic air pollutants present in the atmosphere. Further, this model may also be used to
investigate the artificially introduced sinks in the removal of the contaminant from the atmosphere.

OP-64: A Miniaturised antenna inspired by Metamaterials

1
Nitin Kumar,
2
Nazia Hasan,
3
S. C. Gupta and
4
Vipul Sharma
1,2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Uttarakhand Technical University
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dehradun Institute of Technology
4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
nitin.vnit@gmail.com , nazia_hasan6@yahoo.co.in, sureshprem1938@gmail.com,vipul.s@gmail.com

This paper introduces a novel, Swastik shaped microstrip antenna (SSA) inspired by Metamaterials. This
antenna uses 1-D split ring resonators and wire structures to achieve metamaterial property. With the help of this
property the size of the antenna is considerably reduced. The Swastik shaped antenna has been simulated on EM
solver Ansoft HFSS and s-parameters were analysed. It produces two types of radiation pattern namely
doughnut shaped Omni-directional and a directional pattern in two different frequency range, and shows an
excellent performance in terms of size. This type of antenna is useful for the applications like sensors for ground
penetration radar, sensors for detection of malignant tissues in skin cancer patients and other handheld portable
wireless equipments.

53

OP-65: Green Computing for Greener Organization

Suyash Bhardwaj
1
and Poornima Tyagi
2

1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
2
Department of Computer Science, Vishveshwarya Group of Institutes, Ghaziabad, India
suyash.bhardwaj@gmail.com

Green computing, the study and practice of efficient and eco-friendly computing resources, is now under the
attention of not only environmental organizations, but also businesses from other industries. In recent years,
companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest, both in terms
of public relations and reduced costs. This paper discusses the different aspects of green computing for making
an organization save energy. This paper will take a look at several green initiatives currently under way in the
computer industry, as well as issues that have been raised regarding these initiatives. The future of computing is
can be on greener side if we reduce over energy requirements, such as requirement of cooling systems,
processor power consumption etc. There can be day to day practices to make a step forward to save energy. A
few of them will be discussed in this paper.

OP-66: A BFO Optimized FDTD and Its Application for Skin Cancer Detection

Vipul Sharma
1
, S. S. Pattnaik
2
, S. Devi
2
and Tanuj Garg
1

1
2
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India

Since its inception, the Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has drawn attention of researchers as a high
performance optimizer and many successful applications of BFO in optimal control engineering, image
processing, network scheduling, electric load forecast, antenna applications etc have been reported till date.
Many improved application based variants of BFO have also come up leading to drastic reduction in
convergence time and with higher accuracy. This paper presents Hybridization of BFO with finite difference
time domain method (FDTD) and its validation of this BFO-FDTD code. Further, a biomedical application of
BFO FDTD in skin cancer detection has been reported in this paper.

OP-67: Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Its Applications: A Selective Review

Vipul Sharma
1
, S. S. Pattnaik
2
, S. Devi
2
and Tanuj Garg
1

1
2
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India

Recently, germ intelligence has grabbed prime focus of research fraternity working on optimization and many
such powerful algorithms have been reported till date. Of this, Bacterial foraging optimization algorithm
(BFOA) has attracted a lot of attention as a high performance optimizer because of its faster convergence and
global search approach. Since its inception in 2001, many variants of BFOA have come up leading to even
faster convergence with higher accuracy. This paper presents an application based review of such variants and
will be useful for new researchers exploring its use in their research problems.

OP-68: Adaptive Noise Canceller as a Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction Technique

Gorav Kumar Malik
1
, Vivek Kumar
1
and Ashish Nainwal
2
1
2
Nippon Instruments (I) Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India
goravmalik@gmail.com, mail.kumar.vivek@gmail.com, ashishnainwal86@yahoo.com

Every year, about one out of 125 babies born with some form of congenital heart defect. Therefore extraction of
fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) from maternal skin electrode measurements will be raised as a prominent issue.
Because of fetal heart farness from sensors, muscle contraction, instrumentation noise and etc, recorded signals
54
from mothers abdomen is strongly distorted by noise, So desired signal (FECG) must be extracted purely. This
problem can be modeled from the perspective of Blind Source Separation (BSS), Adaptive noise canceller can
be used to separate the fetal ECG, and in this paper we are using Adaptive Noise Canceller (ANC) method for
Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction and give its advantage over Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and
Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA and PCA is the methods of BSS.

OP-69: Lead Free Polymers in India

R. K. Soni and Anjali Verma

Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P. India

Lead is very toxic, its use can result in the pollution of ground and more importantly water supplies. This leads
to the contamination of drinking water and can cause hazards to human health as well as disrupting entire
ecosystems. Global warming is also closely associated and related to lead usage. Instead of these disadvantages
lead is very good thermal stabilizer for pvc formulations. PVC is one of the most important thermoplastics and
PVC remains the material of choice for construction industry and pipe products. Lead stabilizers such as lead
sulfate or lead stearate are common additives in formulation of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic used to coat or
insulate wire and cables. However environmental concern and regulations will lead to the elimination of lead
based thermal stabilizers. Other thermal stabilizers of PVC are different metal soaps like Cd, Ba Ca and Zn
carboxylates and some mono alkyl tin compounds for example: carboxylates and mercaptides. However a very
limited work has to be conducted on the use of green thermal stabilizers in PVC. So it is urgent to work on lead
free thermal stabilizers on large scale to make lead free India.

OP-70: Antimony (III) Adsorption on montmorillonite and modified montmorillonite: a
study on Sorption Kinetics

Ansar Anjum and Monika Datta
*

Antimony (Sb) is a potential pollutant, ubiquitous in the environment, owing to human activities and natural
processes. The toxicity of antimony is assumed to be similar to that of arsenic and is of increasing
environmental concern due to increased awareness of its risk to human health.
Out of all the known techniques, adsorption has emerged as one of the economical and overall a promising
method and to the best of our knowledge only few adsorption studies of antimony on natural sorbents have been
reported to date.
The present work involves adsorption of antimony (III) using montmorillonite, MMT and organo clays from
aqueous solution. The synthesized composites have been characterized using various appropriate analytical
techniques. The process has been optimized for the detection, estimation and removal of Arsenic (III) as low as
four parts per billion (0.004g/ml) in water.
The kinetics of sorption for the adsorption of antimony (III) on clay/organoclay has been investigated.
Intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate limiting step during the initial stages of adsorption followed by
chemisorption.
Synthesized samples, before and after adsorption studies were characterized by various appropriate analytical
techniques.

OP-71: A Variational Theory of the Ground State of Manganites exhibiting colossal
Magnetoresistance

S. Panwar
1
, P. Dua
2
, A. Chaudhary
3
and R. Kumar
4

1
Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Vidya College of Engineering, Vidya Knowledge Park, Bagpat road, Meerut, UP, India
3,4
Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
dr.sunilpanwar66@gmail.com

In this paper, we use a simple variational method for studying the various electronic properties of rare earth
manganites doped with alkaline earths namely
which exhibit colossal magnetoresistance

(CMR), metal insulator transition & many other poorly understood phenomena. Here we take a new model
55

Hamiltonian for manganites in the strong electron lattice Jahn-Teller (J-T) coupling regime. Here we show that
the strong J-T coupling between the two fold degenerate (
&

orbitals of Mn & lattice modes

of vibration (of the oxygen octahedra surrounding the Mn ions) dynamically reorganizes the former into a set of
states (which we label ) which are localized with large local lattice distortion & exponentially small intersite
overlap & other set (labelled b) which form a broad band. This gives rise to microscopically inevitable
coexistence of radically different & b states & their relative energies & occupation as influenced by doping ,
temperature T, local Coulomb repulsion U etc. , underlines the unique effects observed in these materials [1].
We present results from strong correlation calculations using variatonal theory which accord with a variety of
observations in the orbital liquid regime (say for 0.2 0.5). We have studied here the quasi- particle
Spectrum, Conduction band (b-band) and localized band ( -band) occupation number distributions, ground
state energy for various values of model parameters. We have considered the tight binding conduction band i.e.
= -cos with conduction band width W=2.0eV. We have calculated here band energy
dependence of
variational parameter
& ground state energy
for different value of parameters e.g. local coulomb

repulsion U, ferromagnetic Hunds Rule coupling
between
spins &
spins & hybridization V between

polorons & d - electrons of the same spins. We are also calculating finite temperature properties e.g.
magnetic susceptibility, electronic specific heat & electrical resistivity of CMR compounds.

OP-72: Synthesis of privileged template of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine
containing an Isoxazole and Pyrazole nucleus on its 2-position linked through an
Oxyphenyl spacer

Anshu Agarwal
*
, Vandana Singh, Meenakshi Sharma and D. Kishore
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
agarwalanshu85@gmail.com

The development of novel biologically active materials to facilitate the preparation of compound libraries based
on the privileged structures is an intense area of research. Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepines are an important
class of privileged templates whose numerous derivatives have been identified which have selective activities
against a wide array of biological targets.
It has been observed that heterocycles that incorporate isoxazole and pyrazole in their molecules exhibit a wide
range of impressive biological properties including anti-cancer and anti-HIV activities. In view of this, it was
considered of interest to append the isoxazole and pyrazole nucleus into the anti-cancer active framework of
pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine. The motivation for the incorporation of these nuclei to the privileged
structure of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine derived its inspiration on this premise that their presence in
tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to enhance the overall anticancer and
anti-HIV potencies of the parent nucleus.
A perusal of the structure of FDA approved anti-HIV agent etravirine revealed that the exceptionally high anti-
HIV potency exhibited by this molecule, could be attributed to the p-cyano oxyphenyl fragment contained in
its nucleus. A positive impact on activity displayed by the presence of an oxyphenyl bridge in etravirine
provided an impetus to us, to instal the isoxazole and pyrazole nucleus on 2-position of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-
benzodiazepine through a oxyphenyl bridge. Herein, in this communication we report, our study which was
directed to incorporate isoxazole and pyrazole nucleus on to the pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine on its 2-
position through an oxyphenyl spacer.

OP-73: A Comparative Investigation on Adsorption Performances of Mesoporous
Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Rubber Tire and Activated Carbon for a
Hazardous Azo Dye- Acid Blue 113

V. K. Gupta
1*
and Arunima Nayak
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
vinodfcy@gmail.com, vinodfcy@iitr.ernet.in

A mesoporous carbon developed from waste tire rubber, characterized by chemical analysis, FTIR, and SEM
studies, was used as an adsorbent for the removal and recovery of a hazardous azo dye, Acid Blue 113. Surface
area, porosity, and density were determined. The adsorption of the dye over the prepared adsorbent and a
commercial activated carbon was achieved under different pH, adsorbate concentration, sieve size, adsorbent

56
dosage, and contact time and temperature conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models
were applied and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption
process follow first order kinetics and particle diffusion mechanisms are operative. By percolating the dye
solution through fixed-bed columns the bulk removal of the Acid Blue 113 was carried out and necessary
parameters were determined to find out the percentage saturation of both the columns. Recovery of the dye was
made by eluting 0.1M NaOH through the column.

OP-74: Applications of Biodegradable Polymers in Biomedical Sciences

Ashish Pandey
1*
, Balwant Singh Rawat
1
, Vipin Kumar Sharma
1
, Prashant Y. Mali
2
and Navneet Garud
3

1*
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FAMS), Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Hospital,
Adama Science & Technology University, Asella Medical Campus, P. O. Box 396, Oromia, Ethiopia
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, IPS-College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
ashish84ph@gmail.com

Biodegradable polymers have received much more attention in the last decades due to their potential
applications in the fields related to environmental protection and the maintenance of physical health.
Biodegradable polymers should have three important properties viz. biocompatibility, bioabsorbility and
mechanical resistance. Despite the advent of synthetic biodegradable polymers, naturally occurring absorbable
polymers in various forms are found to increase the use in drug delivery systems. They hold the promise of
providing better efficiency, reducing toxicity & improving patient compliance. Current applications of
biodegradable polymers includes surgical implants in vascular or orthopaedic surgery and plain membranes,
implantable matrices for the controlled release of drugs inside the body or as absorbable sutures, scaffolds for
tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, for coatings and microencapsulating of various drugs, drug
carriers, for skin substitutes or wound dressing, pharmacological devices like matrices for enzyme
immobilization, controlled-release devices, therapeutic devices like temporary prostheses, absorbent materials
etc. Biodegradable polymers can be processed by most conventional plastics processing techniques with some
adjustments of processing conditions and modifications of machinery. Film extrusion, injection moulding, blow
moulding, thermoforming are some of the processing techniques used. Biodegradable polymers used in
packaging which requires different physical characteristics, depending on the product to be packaged and the
store conditions. Biodegradable polymers can be used for the controlled release of agricultural chemicals. The
agricultural chemicals concerned are pesticides and nutrients, fertilizer, pheromones to repel insects.
Biodegradable polymers used in heavy and radioactive metals as an absorbent, useful in waste water treatment
etc. The belief is that biodegradable polymer materials will reduce the need for synthetic polymer production
(by reducing pollution) at a low cost, thereby producing a positive effect both environmentally and
economically. Therefore, the objectives of present article are to highlight the various applications of
biodegradable polymers in meadow of biomedical sciences.

OP-75: Spectroscopic and volumetric studies for binary mixtures of ionic liquid (1-
butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) with alkoxyalkanols at
T= (288.15 to 318.15) K

Amalendu Pal and Bhupinder Kumar
*

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India,
bhupindernitj1@gmail.com

Densities and speeds of sound have been measured for the binary mixtures of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-
methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim][PF
6
] with ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGMEE),
diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Di-EGMEE), triethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Tri-EGMEE) over the
whole composition range at atmospheric pressure. Experimental densities have been used to estimate excess
molar volumes,
E
V
. Changes in isentropic compressibility,
s

have been estimated by using experimental
speed of sound and density values. Excess properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to
obtain the binary coefficients and the standard errors. The molecular scale interactions between ionic liquid and
alkoxyalkanols have been investigated through
1
H NMR spectroscopy. NMR chemical shifts for hydroxyl group
of alkoxyalkanols and their deviations show hydrogen bonding interactions of varying strengths between ionic
liquid and alkoxyalkanol in their binary mixtures.

57
OP-76: Synthesis, In-vivo and In-silico anti inflammatory studies of substituted fluoro
pyrazole

Chandra P. Singh, Zubair Ahmad and Sandeep Kumar
Research Division Chemistry Department Sahu Jain College Najibaad U. P., India

N-Phenyl-5substituted-aryl-3-p-(fluorophenyl) pyrazoles have been synthesized from cyclization of 4-
fluoroacetophenone (1) with various benzaldehydes (2) to give 4- fluorophenylstyrylketone (3) followed by
treatment with phenyl hydrazine. The title compounds and their derivatives have been characterized by their
element and spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds are screened for anti-inflammatory activity.
All substituted 4-fluorophenylstyrylketones (250mg/kg orallyp.o.) possessed anti-inflammatory activity against
carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat. Indomethacin (10mg/kg) was used as standard drug and all compounds
(0.20mM) showed ability to denature bovine serum albumin as observed in vitro inhibition studies. No
correlation was found between the anti inflammatory activity and inhibition bovine serum albumin denaturation.
The docking studies were carried out for these compounds against the protein NFkB which is involved in
inflammation signal cascade. Some of them showed good activity and molecular binding. Compounds such as
3b, 5b and 5e have exhibited comparative results in both in vivo and in silico studies.

OP-77: Electrochemical Determination of Piracetum by Adsorptive Stripping
Voltammetry in Pharmaceutical Products and Urine Sample

Krishna Kumar Jhankal
*
, Santosh Kumar Joram and D. K. Sharma
sharmadkuor@gmail.com

The electrochemical behavior of Piracetum was studied by square-wave and square-wave adsorptive-stripping
voltammetry (SWAdSV). Piracetum can be reduced and accumulated at a glassy carbon electrode, with a
maximum peak current intensity being obtained at a potential of approximately -0.76V vs. AgCl/Ag, in a B.R.
buffer of p
H
=7. A SWAdSV method has been developed for the determination of Piracetum in pharmaceutical
preparations. The method shows a linear range between 1.0x10
-7
and 2.0x10
-6
mol L
-1
with a limit of detection
of 5x10
-8
mol L
-1
for an accumulation time of 20 s. The linear response was obtained in BrittonRobinson buffer
in the ranges of 110
5
to 110
4
M for spiked urine sample at pH 7.0. The precision of the method was
evaluated by assessing the repeatability and intermediate precision. The proposed method was applied to the
determination of Piracetum in pharmaceutical product and the results obtained are in good agreement with the
labeled values.

OP-78: A Green Route for the Degradation of Dyes using Ammonium
Phosphomolybdate

Deepa Sachdeva
dineshdeep2007@yahoo.co.in

Our natural environment had been very neat and clean but due to multifarious activities of human being, it is
getting polluted. Water, which is one of the most essential thing for the survival of living organisms, is
becoming polluted, as a result of effluents thrown out by many industries like textile industries where dyes are
extensively used. Various chemical and physical processes such as precipitation, adsorption, charcoal stripping
etc. can be used for removing colour from coloured water. However, these methods suffer from either one or
more disadvantages. Photocatalytic methods for waste water treatment seem to be most promising and
ecofriendly process.
The field of photocatalysis has opened up new avenues of researches in chemistry. It has drawn the attention of
chemists all over the world. A photocatalyst works by the absorption of light in the UV visible region. By
absorption of radiations, the molecules are electronically excited. These excited molecules generate electron-
hole pair, which can be used for reducing or oxidising a substance.
In the present investigation, an effort has been made to use ammonium phosphomolybdate as photocatalyst for
the degradation of bromocresol purple dye.The photocatalytic degradation of dye was observed by irradiating
the mixture of dye solution and ammonium phosphomolybdate. The effect of variations of different parameters

58
like pH, concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor and light intensity on the reaction rate has been studied.
Plots of 1 + log O.D. us exposure time were drawn and the values of rate constants (k) for photocatalytic
degradation of various dye were calculated from these.
Tentative mechanisms for the photocatalytic oxidation of the dye has been proposed based on experimental
observations. The participation of
OH radical as an active oxidizing species has also been confirmed.

OP-79: Synthesis, structure and characterization of novel di-oxomolybdenum(VI)
complexes having thenil as precursor molecule

Devendra Pratap Rao

Department of Chemistry, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Kanpur, U. P., India
devendraprataprao@yahoo.com

A new series of some dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes having general formula [MoO
2
(mac)](acac)
2
, (where
mac = tetraazamacrocyclic ligands derived from condensation of thenil with 1,2-ethanediamine or 1,3-
propanediamine and their reaction with -diketones) using dioxometal ion as kinetic template are reported.
These complexes have been characterized by molar conductance measurements, elemental analyses, infrared
and electronic data. The spectral data indicate that ligands act as tetradentate chelating agent. Due to their
biological relevance, molybdenum catalyzed oxygen transfer reactions have great interest. An octahedral
geometry with six coordination has been assigned to all the dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes.

OP-80: Synthesis And Chacterization Of Co(Il) Complexes With A New
Azamacrocyclic Ligand With Pendent Arms

Sulekh Chandra
1*
, Anupma
1
,Ranjana dubey
2
and Garima Pandey
2

1
Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College , New Delhi , India.
2
SRM University, NCR Campus, Modinagar, U. P., India.

The complexes of Co(II) were synthesized with the new aza-macrocyclic ligand with pendent arms. The ligand
was prepared by the reaction of 3-methyl-2,4-pentadione and 2,6diamino-pyridine. All the complexes have been
found to have general composition [M(L)X
2
] [where M = Co(II) and X = Cl
-
, NO
-
3
, ] and [M(L)]X
2
[where M
= Co(II) and X =So
4
2-
,] . All the complexes are characterized by the conductance measurements, magnetic
susceptibility measurements, mass, I.R. and electronic spectral studies. An octahedral geometry was assigned
for chloride and nitrate complexes of Co(ll) and tetrahedral geometry for sulphate complex. The biological
actions of the ligand and complexes have been screened in vitro against different pathogenic fungi and several
bacteria to study their comparative capacity to inhibit the growth.

OP-81: Preperation, Characterization and Properties Cross-linked
Guar-Gum/Poly(vinylalcohol) based Films

A. P. Gupta and Gopal arora
*
Dept of Applied Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
argopaldce2k7@rediffmail.com

Guar gum is a natural based polymer extracted fom the endosperm of the seed of cyamopsis tetragonolobus
, family leguminosae ,is a non toxic and biodegradable Guar gum is a galactomannan , structurally consisting
of 1,4 D mannopyranose backbone with branch points randomly distributed from their 6- positions
linked to 1- D -galactopyanose units .Overall the galactose to mannose ratio is roughly 1:2. This Paper shows
that Gluteraldehyde can crosslink Guar -gum / Polyvinyl alcohol blends, when citric acid is used as an additive.
The poor mechanical properties and water stability of Guar -gum have restricted its industrial application. The
effect of citric acid and gluteraldehyde on the miscibility, morphology and physical properties of the blend films
is investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , Scanning electron microscopy , X-ray diffraction
(XRD) , thermo gravimetric analysis and tensile tests .The cross linked films were prepared by a solution
casting method when the film was dried at low temperature , the properties of the films were clearly improved
because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature and crosslinked films exhibit better tensile
strength , thermal stability than that of uncrosslinked film prepared for the same composition .

59
OP-82: Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of various substituted

oxo,thiazolidine/oxoazetidine derivatives.

Jagmohan Singh Negi
1
and Harshvardhan Pant
2
1 Department of Chemistry, L. S. M. Govt. P. G. Collage, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India
2 Department of Chemistry, SGRR (PG) College, Pathri Bagh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
drjsn@rediffmail.com, drhvpant@gmail.com

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity , many phenols and compounds with
phenolic groups have antifungal potency . Various bis-phenols and thiobis-pgenols are also effective fungistats
in prepration for topical use. Several bis-amidines are antifungal invitro and cures were achieved only in North
American blastomy cosis. However, in one series of cases of the disease , 34 of 45 patients were successfully
treated by 2- hydroxyl stilbamidine In the case of prospective plant fungistats such factors as particle . Size ,
combination with suitable wetting agents , and resistance to weathering and to microbial degradation are of
great importance . The use of higher plants and their preparation to treat infectious and Non infectious disease is
an age old practices and are the only method available in the past. Though the use of natural sources like plant
material for curing diverse forms of ailments leads to human civilization, the scientific analysis of different
natural sources for their possible medicinal potency is comparatively recent origin. The emergence and spread
of antibiotic resistance microorganisms triggered this type of plant investigations. Hence the plant kingdom is
being screened for newer and effective chemotherapeutic agents. Higher plants can serve both as potential
antimicrobial crude drugs as well as a source of new antiinfective agents. 2-amino 4-Phenyl oxazole is
condensed with appropriate aromatic aldehyde in EtOH containing few amount of glacial acetic acid gave 2
Substituted Aryladine, 4-phenyl oxazole . Which were converted into 4-Phenyl oxozolyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3
methoxy) phenyl 4-thiazolidone and 4 phenyl oxozolyl 2-(4hydroxy 3methoxy ) 2-oxo azetidinone by reaction
with chloro actyl chloride and thioglycolic acid respectively and synthesized compounds showed moderate to
good antifungal activity with respect to standard drugs .

OP-83: Role of Biebrich Scarlet as a photosensitizing material in Photogalvanic cell
conversion of solar energy into electrical energy

K. R. Genwa
*
and C. P. Sagar
Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India
krg2004@rediffmail.com

Solar energy conversion and storage by use of photogalvanic cell was studied in Tween 60 Biebrich Scarlet
Ascorbic acid system and photogalvanic effect studied in photogalvanic cell consisting Ascorbic acid as a
reductant, Biebrich Scarlet as photosensitizer and Tween 60 as surfactant in aqueous solution. The
photopotential and photocurrent generated were 919.0 mV and 210.0 A respectively. The observed power of
the cell was 93.15 W at its power point. The conversion efficiency and fill factor was determined as 0.8967%
and 0.41 respectively. The cell performance was 75.0 min. in dark. A mechanism for the photogeneration of
electricity has also been proposed. The effect of different parameters (pH, diffusion length, electrode area, light
intensity) on the electrical output of the cell were also been observed.

Biebrich scarlet

60
OP-84: Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate precipitation tube
(CoSPT) as adsorbent

D. Chongder, K. Parmar, S. Bhattacharjee

and N. R. Bandyopadhya
1
CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jamshedpur, India
1
Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah, India
kavita@nmlindia.org

Cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT), prepared through silica garden route was investigated as Pb(II)
adsorbent in aqueous medium. Batch adsorption studies were carried out with Pb(II) in the concentration range
of 10-920 mg L
-1
using CoSPT as adsorbent. Pb(II) loading on CoSPT was dependent on initial Pb(II)
concentration. Experimental adsorption data were modeled using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations.
Pb(II) loading capacity of CoSPT was estimated at 270 mg g
-1
, which ranks high amongst efficient Pb(II)
adsorbents. Adsorption kinetics follows pseudo second order rate equation.

OP-85: Thermal, spectral and antimicrobial studies of some transition metal complexes
derived from bidentate ligands containing N and S donor atoms

Kiran Singh
*
, Yogender Kumar and Parvesh Puri

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, India
kiransinghkuk@yahoo.co.in

The bidentate ligands have been synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde with 4-amino-5-
mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazole. The ligands react with acetates of
Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) to yield 1:2 [metal : ligand] complexes. The synthesized ligands and their metal
complexes were characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, magnetic moment measurements,
spectroscopic and thermo gravimetric techniques. Thermal studies of the complexes show a multistep
decomposition pattern. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the
Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and square planar for Cu(II) complexes. The synthesized ligands, along with
their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal against Aspergillus niger, and A. flavus.

OP-86: Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Salvadora persica against dental
pathogens.

Sanjay
1
, Navneet
2
, Prabhat
1
and M. M. Tiwari
3
1
Department of Botany & Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar. Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Botany & Microbiology,
3
Faculty of Engineering &Technology,
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar ,Uttarakhand, India
Sanjay.gku@gmail.com

The antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracs of stem bark of Salvadora
persica were tested against dental pathogens i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, S. sangruis, S.
sobrinus, S. salivarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus by using the Agar well diffusion method at the
concentration of 200 mg/ml. The methanolic extract was more effective as comparative to petroleum. ether,
acetone and aqueous extracts. The MIC value of the methanolic extract of Salvadora persica against S. mutans
and L. acidophilus were carried out Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of
antimicrobial active agents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, phenols and saponins.
These investigation support a good response to the use of these plants in herbal medicine and as a base for the
development of new drugs and phytomedicine for treatment against dental infections.

OP-87: Landfill Gas Processing through Absorption in Alkanolamine
Sanjeev Maken
1*
, Ankur Gaur
2
and Jin-Won Park
3
1
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
2
Center of Environment Study, Climate Science Division, TERI,

New Delhi, India
3
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
sanjeevmakin@gmail.com
In the present energy crisis scenario, new recovery methods for landfill gas (LFG) are garnering huge interest.
LFG has a very high-energy potential due to the presence of methane (CH
4
) and thus is a great source for energy
61

production. Many countries have shown interest in collection and subsequent use of landfill gas to reduce Green
house gas (GHG) emissions from the landfill and to replace the fossil fuels.The waste management policies in
Korea are quite effective as compared to other countries. Korea has one of the biggest landfill sites in the world.
There are 238 landfill sites operating currently in Korea that offer a great opportunity to use CH
4
as an energy
resource, which is produced in landfill by the process of anaerobic digestion of the organic material contained in
the municipal solid waste. During the stable phase of landfill, LFG is a mixture of CH
4
(35 to 60 %) and CO
2
(35 to 55 % ) along with other numerous trace components like aromatics, chlorinated organic hydrocarbons,
siloxanes and sulfur compounds. Therefore, LFG offers a very attractive option to oil in this energy starved
country. Upgrading the LFG to high purity CH
4
enhances the energy density of LFG that could be used in
transportation sector or as a city gas. Most of the MSW is still being landfilled & landfill site release landfill
gas due to the decomposition of waste. It mainly consists of CH
4
and CO
2
. Both of these gases are green house
gases. CH
4
has high calorific value thus separating CH
4
from CO
2
would be of great commercial interest. CO
2

can be captured and stored. Among numerous processes of separating landfill gas mixture such PSA, Membrane
separation and liquid absorption our work focuses on liquid absorption since it is effective and economical
method as compared to the other options. It is also the widely used method for CO
2
capture. In this paper three
absorbents diethanolamine (DEA), sodium glycinate (SG) & 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) were used to
study the CO
2
removal from landfilled gas. Among these three DEA comes up as the best CO
2
absorbent
among the three with highest CO
2
loading.

OP-88: Spectroscopic and Antifungal studies of Terephthalamide and its complex with
Lanthanum Nitrate

R. K. Soni and Manisha Bhardwaj
Department of Chemistry, C C S University, Meerut, U. P., India
rksoni_rks@yahoo.com, bhardwajmanisha12@gmail.com

Terephthalamide has been synthesized from the degradation of PET waste through ammonolysis and was
characterized by different physicochemical methods like elemental analysis, FTIR, UV, and NMR. Complex
also has formed between terephthalmide and La-N which was further characterized with same technique and the
spectras have compared with parent compound terephthalamide An antifungal activity has been studied to
compare the effect of complexation on fungal species F. oxysporum and P. notatum and results indicated that
the complexation of terephthalamide with Lanthanum -nitrate has improved its antifungal properties. Thus the
synthesized complex could be used as good antifungal agent for various applications such as paints, water
treatment and coating on medical devices, food packaging, medical application and health care related materials

OP-89: Novel Strategies to the facile one pot synthetic entry of Isoxazole to the Indolin-
2-One Nucleus

Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal, Vandana Singh and D. Kishore
meenakshi.bhardwaj05@gmail.com

Ubiquitous presence of indolin-2, 3-dione and indolin-2-one in a vast array of bioactive molecules has
stimulated intense research efforts to be directed towards the synthesis of their structural analogues where
different constitution and biological activity in new materials could allow them to be used as novel
chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, indolin-2-ones have been studied extensively with a renewed interest,
because of their ready accessibility, diverse chemical reactivity and a broad spectrum of their biological profiles.
Eversince, Waldmann et.al. have carried out a quantitative analysis of physiologically active natural product
scaffolds and showed that ones with two or three rings were most often found in active natural products, the
interest in the various facets of the chemistry of small molecules has expanded exponentially thereafter. In view
of this, the explorations of synthetic processes that lead to the development of small molecules of medicinal
importance by telescoping the multicomponent processes to a single operation is a rapidly emerging subject in
medicinal chemistry.
It has been recently shown that heterocycles that incorporate isoxazole in their molecules exhibit a wide range
of impressive biological properties including the anticancer and anti-HIV activities. In view of this, it was
considered of interest to incorporate the isoxazole nucleus in the molecular framework of such small molecule,
as indolin-2-one. The motivation for the incorporation of these pharmacophores derived its inspiration on this
premise that their presence in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to
enhance the overall biological potency of the parent nucleus.
62

A survey of literature on the one pot synthesis of widely known heterocyclic nuclei revealed that oxoketene
dithioacetal, , unsaturated ketone, dimethylamino methylene ketone, and oxo-enolic ethers (derived from
the carbonyl species containing an active methylene group), provided an unprecedented opportunity to the
synthesis of heterocycles containing five, six and seven membered rings, on their reactions with bidentate
nucleophiles. Consideration of factors on reactivity, compound availability, synthetic economy and simplicity in
operation, led us to favour the use of these synthans to the synthesis of isoxazole incorporated analogues of
indolin-2-one, by their reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (scheme-1). Application of this methodology
on the reactive synthans 1, 2, 3 and 4 afforded the desired products 5, 6, 7, and 8 respectively in acceptable
yields. The products were tested for purity by TLC and characterized by microanalysis, IR, 1H-NMR and MS
data. The exploration of chemistry and biological activity of the compounds are under study.

OP-90: Ecofriendly UV Curing Technology

Meenu Teotia and R. K. Soni
teotiameenu@gmail.com, rksoni_rks@yahoomail.com

Radiation induced polymerization is an efficient method for fast generation of highly crosslinked polymer
networks from liquid resin systems
1
. Various types of radiations, such as, radiation
2
, and electron beams
3
UV
radiation
4,5
are used for initiation of polymerization reaction. It is a method of choice because of lower cost of
equipment and also the safety requirements can easily be met.
UV technology was first introduced to the industry more than 30 years ago and is now growing at fast pace. In
last two decades solvent free formulations based on UV curing systems have been developed and
commercialized in all industrial sectors such as glass, printing, packaging, decorative coatings, varnishes and
fabrication of composites. It is the most ecoefficient technology when compared with different industrial coating
technologies under ecoefficiency analysis In the present paper, some of the ecofriendly and efficient techniques
have been discussed. Further an attempt has been made to assess the future prospects and requirements.

OP-91: Synthesis Of Some Substituted Indoles As Antiviral Agent

Murali Manohar Tiwari
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University
tiwari720@gmail.com;muralimanohartiwari@yahoo.co.in

Isatins have been associated with antiviral activity .1-Methyl-1-indoline-2,3-dione-3-thio semicarbazone was
found to be effective against small pox virus in man. N-Mannich bases of 5-halogen substituted isatin -- thio
semicarbazone have been found to be active against Vaccinia Virus. Also 1-(substituted amino methyl ) 2-oxo-
3-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl hydrazono)-5-substituted indoles have been found to be active against SRV in vivo as
well as in vitro. 6-Cyno-5-methoxy2methyl- indolo- carbazole was found to be active against HSV-II virus.
On the basis of above findings Synthesis 1-(substituted aminomethyl)-2-oxo-3(2-mercaptoacetyl)hydrizino-5-
substituted indoles were carried and tested against EMC virus and found to be active.

OP-92: Zirconyl nitrate catalyzed: solvent-free synthesis of 2-
aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles

Parvin Kumar
*
, Dinesh Kumar and Ramesh C. Kamboj
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
parvinjangra@gmail.com

In this study, a simple and efficient synthesis of 2-aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles by the reaction of 2-
aminothiophenol and aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes catalyzed by zirconyl nitrate (ZrO(NO
3
)
2
) under solvent-free
condition at room temperature is demonstrated. All the reactions were carried out by grinding the 2-
aminothiophenol and aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes with (ZrO(NO
3
)
2
) in a mortar with pestle. Zirconyl nitrate act as
an efficient oxidizing reagent in the present protocol. The advantages of this protocol are the one-step
procedure, mild and solvent-free reaction conditions, short reaction time, practical application by large-scale
synthesis, high yields of the products, and no side reactions.

63

OP-93:Volumetric and viscometric studies on N-N dimethyl acetamide methyl alcohol,
ethyl alcohol & n- propyl alcohol binary mixture at 303.15 K

A. G. Peshwe
1
and B. R. Arbad
2
1
P.G. Department of chemistry, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra., India
2
Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University, Aurangaba, Maharashtra, India
ajitpeshwe@gmail.com

Densities and viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of N, N dimethyl acetamide (NND) with polar solvents viz
methanol, ethanol & n- propanol have been measured at 303.15, K .From the density and viscosity data the
values of various properties viz excess molar volume (V
E
), excess viscosity (
E
) and excess Gibbs free energy
of activation of flow (G
E
) have been determined .Further the viscosities of binary mixtures have been
correlated to various viscosity models.
On the basis of the values of interaction parameters of these viscosity models and also on the basis of the values
of various excess properties, the nature of molecular interactions between the components of mixtures have been
explained.

OP-94: Effect of UV Irradiation in vitro on organic Constituents of human Exoskleton
in Different Age Groups

Poonam Mathur
1
, A. K. Sinha
2
, Ashok Kumar
3
1
Manav Rachna Interrnational University, Faridabad, Haryana, India,
2
Department. of Chemistry, K.R. (PG) Collecge, Mathura, U. P., India
3
School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, St. Johns College, Agra, U. P., India
poonamsherrymathur@gmail.com

In present scenario of pollution and UV radiation, it is our urgent requirement to determine the baseline levels of
organic constituents in human being. Pollution and UV exposure cause major health problems in general
population. It is very difficult and expensive to access or screen in our country due to limited resources. This
paper deals with quantitative determination of crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein in human hair and
nails.
Biological samples were collected for environmental quality investigations. Hair and nails were collected in
Faridabad city during 2008-09. Faridabad is district of Haryana State from August 15
th
, 1979. Faridabad is
about 25 kms. from Delhi in 28 25 16 North Latitude and 77 18 28 East Longitude.
Hair and Nails samples were collected randomly from male and female subject of selected group aged from 5
years to 60 years of different social status. Organic constituentsviz Crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein
levels in male and female hair and nails were examined.
Maximum percentage decrease of crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein were 2%, 0.522% and 0.62%
respectively in all age groups of human hair and nails after irradiation for one hour.

OP-95: Oxidation Studies of Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols by Imidazolium
Fluorochromate: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach

Deepika Sharma and Pradeep K. Sharma
Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
drpkvs27@yahoo.com

Oxidation of several aliphatic secondary alcohols by imidazolium fluorochromate (IFC) in dimethylsulfoxide
(DMSO) leads to the formation of corresponding ketones. The reaction is first order each in IFC. A Michaelis-
Menten type of kinetics are observed with respect to the alcohols. The reaction is catalysed by hydrogen ions.
The hydrogen-ion dependence has the form: k
obs
= a + b[H
+
]. The oxidation of benzhydrol--d (PhCDOHPh)
exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (k
H
/k
D
= 5.71 at 298 K). The oxidation of 2-propanol has
been studied in nineteen different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analysed using Taft's and
Swain's multiparametric equations. The reaction was subjected to both polar and steric effects of the
substituents. A mechanism involving transfer of hydride ion from alcohol to the oxidant, via a chromate ester,
has been proposed.

64
OP-96: The Chemistry of , -Ditosyloxy Ketones: New and Convenient Route for the
Synthesis of 4,5-Diarylisoxazoles from ,-Chalcone Ditosylates

Raj Kamal
1
, Deepak Sharma, Deepak Wadhwa and Om Prakash
1
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshrtra, Haryana, India
kamalraj_sharma@rediffmail.com

The reaction of ,-chalcone ditosylates with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in suitable conditions leads to 1,2-
aryl shift, thereby providing a new route for the synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted isoxazoles.

OP-97: Studies on Development of biodegradable formulation of natural rubber latex

S. N. Mishra
1
and R. K. Soni
2
1
HTCP Cell, SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
2

Natural rubber is a strategic raw material used in the manufacture of more than 40000 products, including more
than 400medical devices. Although more than 2500 plant species are known to produce natural rubber, all
commercially-available natural rubber currently is harvested from a single species, Hevea brasiliensis(the
Brazilian rubber tree). Primarily due toits molecular structurecis1,4polyisoprene) and high molecularweight (>1
MDa) natural rubber has high performance properties, such as elasticity, resilience, heat dispersion and abrasion
resistance, that cannot easily be mimicked by arti-ficially produced polymers. Demand for natural rubber has
increased throughout the twentieth century despite competition from synthetic rubber
From the study it is very much obvious that addition of resin adhetives have enhanced the biodegradation
manifold and both the resin adhetive are equally effective in biodegradation. The increase in the quantity of
resin additive also aeccelerates the biodegradation. However, a balance is required to be maintained while
taking care of processibility of dipping compounds depending upon the nature of product.

OP-98: Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Complex relevant to Green
Chemistry

Seema Baniwal
1
, Suresh kumar
2
and H. V. Pant
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Vikasnagar Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Talwari, Government Degree College, Talwari,

Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India
3
SGRR PG College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
sbaniwal@rediffmail.com, drhvpant@gmail.com

Green Chemistry is emerging as a major field of science in our world today because of the problems we face in
the environment. New classes of Pollutants are turning up in the drinking water as traces of insecticides,
pharmaceutical products, dyes and cosmetics etc., causing a serious threat to both human and animal Health.
Macrocyclic chemistry plays an important role in the same in form of Fe-TAML (iron complex of Tetraamido
macrocyclic ligand), which works as activators for hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants to break down a wide
variety of obstinate pollutants into biodegradable products.
Prompted by this fact, in the present paper we report the synthesis and characterization of new iron complex of
[Me
2
(12)diene N
4
], where tetradentate macrocyclic complex of iron was synthesized by template condensation
of triethylenetetraamine and 2,4-butanedione in presence of trivalent iron salt. The complex was characterized
by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR and
1
H NMR spectroscopy.

OP-99: TLC Enantioresolution of () Naproxen on -Cyclodextrin Impregnated
Silica Gel Layers

Shalini Joshi
1
, Amrita Sharma
2
and M. S. M. Rawat
3
1
Department of Chemistry, K.L.D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India
3
Department of Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttrakhand, India
shajoshi@yahoo.com

Enantiomeric resolution has wide applications in various fields specially in pharmaceuticals and environmental
issues where chirality affects human health. Derivatives of 2- aryl propionic acids are an important group of

65
chiral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) most of which are marketed as racemates, even though
they are known to be stereoselective in their action. Enantiomeric resolution of naproxen has been achieved on
silica gel layers, bulk impregnated with -cyclodextrin. Solvent systems Ethanol- Ammonia (5: 0.5, v/v)
successfully resolved the enantiomers of () - naproxen and detection limits were also determined. Detection
was performed by UV chamber thereby avoiding use of iodine vapours which is harmful for human health as
well as environment. Effects of temperature, concentration of chiral selector and mobile phase variation were
also studied. Method is extremely simple and reproducible. Use of native -Cyclodextrin impregnated silica gel-
G layers for resolution of -blockers presents a new approach based on inclusion complexation and hence can
be further explored for studying chiral recognition of other compounds also by TLC.

OP-100: Effect of Organic and In-organic nutrients on the herbage yield and chemical
composition of the volatile oil of Matricaria chamomilla L.

M. M. Nadim and Shamim Ajaz
Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
shamim.ajaz786@gmail.com

Chamomile has been used in herbal remedies for thousands of years, It is an ingredient of several traditional,
Unani, Ayurvedic and Homeopathy medicinal preparations. Chamomile is used mainly as an anti-inflammatory,
antiseptic, also antispasmodic. The flowers of M. chamomilla contain the blue essential oil from 0.2 to 1.9%,
which finds a variety of uses like a mild sedative, digestive, antibacterial and fungicidal. In addition oil is
extensively used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and in food industry. Because of its extensive
pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties, the plant possesses great economic value and is in great
demand.
In the present scenario it is necessary to study on the effect of organic and inorganic nutrients in the
improvement of herbage yield and chemical constituents of the volatile oil of M. chamomilla. The experiment
was conducted in the herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi. The treatments were control,
recommended doses of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Farm Yard Manure respectively. Organic and in-organic
nutrients enhanced the herbage yield as well as the percentage of the chemical constituents in the volatile oil of
M. Chamomilla like -Bisabolol , Chamazulene and -Bisabolol oxide A .

OP-101: pHmetric Titration: A Green Approach

Shilpa Jain and Monika Datta

Working toward greener experiments is imperative for responsible chemist but the amount of analyte used in
teaching laboratories is often very large .The existing methodology for the practice of pH metric titration
experiments typically require 20 40 ml of the titrant . This results in the consumption of significant volumes of
titrant and titrand per student.
The present work demonstrates a methodology for successful titration with titrant volume 1-5ml using dibasic
acids whose pH metric titration curves are well established. The titration curves matches very well with the best
result reported so far using conventional method which involves 20 40 ml of the titrant volume.
This methodology has been further extended for the estimation of Heteropolyacids (HPAs) from 1ml of aqueous
solution and from the nature of the titration curve stability of the acid can be verified. This calibration could be
further used to estimate the amount of heteropolyacid retained on heterogeneous support.

OP-102: Highly Efficient one POT, Solid Phase Synthesis of Aurones at room
Temperature

Suresh Kumar
1
and J. K. Makrandi
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra university, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
Department of Chemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
suresh_dua47@rediffmail.com

Aurones i.e. 2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones constitute a sub class of naturally occurring compounds
which are structurally isomeric to flavones and biogenetically related to chalcones, and are responsible for
imparting beautiful yellow colours to some of the flower petals. However because of limited occurrence in
66
nature, the chemistry of the aurones have been little investigated compared to structural analogues i.e. flavones
and isoflavones. A highly efficient one pot solid phase approach to hydroxy aurones and their partial methyl
ether have been achieved directly from substituted 2-hydroxy phenacyl chloride just by grinding with aryl
aldehyde using activated barium hydroxide as solid base and support. Aurones were obtained in excellent yield
within few minutes without extraction from organic solvent just by acidification of the reaction mixture. This
method avoids the prior preparation of benzofuran-3(2H)-ones by cyclisation of corresponding 2-hydroxy
phenacyl chloride.

OP-103: H
+
, Zn
++
and Cd
++
modified forms of ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y as Catalyst for
synthesis of fine chemical

S.Dheeraj, Nandanvankar H. V. and U. D Joshi
*
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
joshiud@yahoo.com

During the last few decades, various environmentally unfriendly processes in bulk and fine chemical industries
are being replaced with cleaner catalytic processes. In recent years, the use of porous material zeolite in the
manufacture of fine chemicals and chemical intermediates has attracted interest owing to their special features
such as shape selectivity, controlled variability, their reusability and eco-friendly nature, the characters sought
for in green chemistry. Zeolites have been explored as efficient industrial catalysts for production of amines in
petrochemical and fine chemical industries hence the research work is carried out with study of catalytic
behavior of pre and post modified zeolites.
In this work the conversion of cyclohexanone over metal modified zeolite materials under reductive amination
conditions at atmospheric pressure, were studied and to compare the effect of different amounts of metal percent
on the conversion was examined. Zeolite ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 33) and Y (Si/Al = 5) were synthesized from coal fly
ash in our laboratory by using hydrothermal method. These were converted in to their protonic forms as H-
ZSM-5 and H-Y Zeolites. These zeolites are further modified with the transition metal ions such as Zn
++
and
Cd
++
. 2wt%, 4wt% and 6wt% concentrated salt solutions of Zn
++
and Cd
++
metals in their acetate forms were
prepared and used for batch ion exchange with zeolites. The ion exchange was done for a period of 12 hours
followed by filtration and kept for drying at 100
0
C overnight. The obtained samples of modified zeolites were
calcined at 450
0
C for 4 hours. In order to obtain a comprehensive picture of ZeoliteH-ZSM-5, H-Y and their
modified forms morphology, physicochemical state and strength, sophisticated analytical techniques like XRD,
FT-IR, SEM, and EDAX have been employed. These zeolites were used as catalyst in Reductive amination of
cyclohexanone/ cyclohexanol the products identified were Cyclohexylamine, N-Cyclohexylidene,
Cyclohexanone, 2-Cylohexylidene. The major product being Cyclohexylamine,N-Cyclohexylidene. Effect of
different type, different amounts and various metal percents of zeolite catalysts for the reductive amination
reactions for the conversion, selectivity of the products and the comparative performance were studied under the
standard conditions of the reactions. In all our observations Zeolite Y is more active for this reaction than zeolite
ZSM5. The conversion of cyclohexanone over Zn-Y was 62% and over Cd-Y it was 56%. The selectivity
towards N-Cyclohexylidene was greater with Zn-Y when compared with Cd-Y; it was 85% and 75%.
Selectivity is also greater with Y Zeolite. The conversion of cyclohexanone increases with Zn loading. For
example, over zeolite H-Y the conversion increases from 55 % in the absence of Zn to 65% on 2% loading
which further increases to 80 % with 6 % loading. The same trend was seen with the zeolite HZSM-5 also.
Indeed, among them reductive amination reaction is the most widely applied technology for the conversion of
base chemicals to commercially important products.

OP-104: Development of an Elegant Protocol to the Incorporation of Privileged Nucleus
of 1, 5-Benzodiazepine to the s-Triazine framework through an Aminomethyl
Piperidone Bridge

Vandana Singh, Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal and D. kishore
vandanasingh28@gmail.com

The advent of anti-HIV activity in 1, 4 benzo(pyrido) diazepines [TIBO and FDA approved Nevirapine etc.] has
been hailed as a major step forward in the battle against HIV/AIDS. We considered it of interest to incorporate
1,5-benzodiazepine molecule, alongwith other bioactive pharmacophores onto the s-triazine nucleus to develop

67
biologically relevant molecules with widespread applications as therapeutics. s-Triazine derivative (2,4,6-
trichloro-1,3,5-triazine:TCT) was selected for this study with this idea in mind that this molecule on one hand is
biologically highly active and on the other hand it provides a template to hold the three biologically active
pharmacophores together in the same molecule.
4-Methyl-1,3-dihydro-1H-(1,5)-benzodiazepin-2-one (2) formed the key precursor in the proposed synthesis and
was obtained using the literature procedure from the reaction o-phenylenediamine (1) with acetoacetic ester.
Compound 2 was transformed to its imino thiomethyl ether derivatives (3) using Lawessons reagent followed
by alkylation with CH
3
I. The exceptional reactivity of imino thiomethyl ether derivatives with nucleophiles was
explored to effect the reaction of 3 with 4-piperidone (4) to give 5. In order for the proposed synthesis to be
propelled forward further in the direction depicted in scheme-1, we required the presence of an amino methyl
group on 2-position of the piperidone fragments in 6 for its attachment to the 6-postion of 6-chloro-2,4-
dicyclopropylamine-1,3,5-triazine (7). We envisioned, that installation of an amino methyl group in 6 could
possibly be achieved on carrying out the Mannichs reaction on it, with CH
2
O and bis-trimethylsilyl amine,
followed by hydrolysis of the trimethylsilyl groups. This methodology when applied on 5 formed 6, whose
reaction with 7 generated the desired product 8. Purity of 8 was checked by TLC and characterized by elemental
analysis, IR,
1
HNMR and MS data. Exploration of its biological activity is in progress.

OP-105: Isolation of astragalin, a flavonol glucoside, from the stem of nyctanthes
arbor-tristis linn

Rachna Jain
*
and Mridula Mittal
Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. P. G. College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India
rjamit542@gmail.com

Astragalin (kampferol 3-O--D-glucopyranoside),a flavonol glucoside, is known to possess a variety of
biological activities viz. antioxidant, antiamoebic, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic,hepatoprotective,anti-
inflammatory etc.It is one of the major flavonoids found in a number of plants.It has been isolated from the
whole plant(comprising leaves, flowers,stalks,roots and seeds) extract of Thesium chinense,a herb grown
through out the China.The compound has also been reported in the leaves of Uvaria rufa ,in trichomes isolated
from green fruits of Solanum crinitum,fruits of Cornus kousa, petals of Rosa rugosa,and in leaves of Nyctanthes
arbor-tristis linn.(Family-Oleaceae) In our study,phytochemical investigation of the stem part of Nyctanthes
arbor-tristis was under taken which led to the isolation of astragalin.Dried stem of the plant was
powdered,extracted with methanol and chromatographed over Si-gel column.Astragalin was isolated from the
100%methanol fraction and was collected by ptlc.Characterization of the compound was done by melting point
determination and spectral studies (IR,UV,NMR and Mass) and confirmed with available data.
OP-106: Voltametric redox patterns of some biorelevant sulfonamide azomethines

Rajeev Jain, A. K. Halve, Rachana Kathal
*
, Pradeep Soni and Amit Kankoriya
School of Studies in Chemisrty, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India
rachanakathal@yahoo.com, rkathal@gwa.amity.edu

A series of azomethines of sulfathiazole was synthesized along with the incorporation of methyl substituted
azosalicylaldehydes. The synthesized compounds showed efficient curbing potential against the tested
pathogenic bacteria. Studies on the voltametric behavior of the synthesized azomethines have generated
resources to understand the relations of the biological behavior of the synthesized drugs with their redox
patterns in the polarographic, coulometric and cyclic voltametric analysis. The polarographic and coulometric
data is suggestive of reductive cleavage of the imine & the azoic sites.

OP-107: Annealing Effect on Structural, Transport and Optical Properties of
Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films

L. P. Purohit
*
, Vinod Kumar and R. Kumar
Department of Physics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
lppurohit@gmail.com

Thin films of Zinc Oxide were deposited on corning glass substrate by sol-gel method. Zinc acetate dehydrate,
methanol and monoethanolamine were used as a Zinc source materials, solvent and stabilizer, respectively. ZnO
films have been annealed at different temperature ranging from 350C to 550C. X-ray diffraction was used to
68
investigate the structural properties of the ZnO films. Crystallite size of ZnO was found to be varying from 18 to
30 nm with change annealing temperature. A Scanning emission microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm
surface morphologies of ZnO films. The lowest sheet resistance was found to be at annealing temperature
450C. Sheet resistance is found to increase with increase in grain size. The band gap energy exhibits red shift
from 3.26 to 3.22 eV with increase in annealing temperature.

OP-108: Development of Activated Nanoporous Carbons from Agricultural Solid
Wastes and Applications to the Removal and Recovery of Organics and Inorganics
from Water Adsorption Dynamics
Chinnaiya Namasivayam
Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
cnamasivayam@yahoo.com

Adsorption onto carbon dates back to 2000 B.C. Old medical scripts in Sanskrit from India gave the following
prescription: It is good to keep water in copper kettles, to expose it to sunlight and to filter it through charcoal.
The most important adsorbent employed in water treatment is activated carbon, which is manufactured from
coal, lignite, peat, coconut shell etc. by several processes. Compared with other adsorbents, activated carbon,
available as powdered activated carbon(PAC) or granular activated carbon(GAC) offers the advantage of
removing a wide range of compounds. Activated carbon is not only used for water treatment but also for
treatment of polluted air, the recycling of solvents and manufacture of chemicals, pharmaceutical products and
food. Adsorption may be physical or chemical. Whereas physical adsorption is reversible, chemisorption is not
reversible. While physical adsorption and chemisorption can be easily distinguished at their extremes, many
cases fall between the two. Agricultural solid wastes are generated in huge quantities in countries like India,
though a part of it is used as manure. Hence major problems of solid waste disposal arises. So it is essential
either to find suitable ways for the safe disposal of the wastes or to suggest novel uses, considering them as by-
products. Otherwise these will remain an accumulated waste, contributing highly to environmental pollution.
The choice between recovery of valuable materials from waste and disposal of waste depends mainly on these
factors: technology, economics and attitude.
In developing countries like India, conventional water treatment chemicals like alum, ferric chloride, polymer
flocculants and coal based activated carbons do not find attraction, because they are not cost-effective.
Inexpensive and more easily available adsorbents would make the removal of pollutants economically viable
alternatives. Lignocellulosic wastes like coir pith, peanut hull are discarded in the agricultural sector.
Namasivayam and coworkers have investigated to recycle these agricultural solid wastes to develop activated
nanoporous carbons by a number of processes and used as adsorbents. Activated carbons made from peanut hull
showed good adsorption capacity for the removal of toxic metals from industrial wastewaters. Physically and
chemically activated carbons derived from coir pith were found to be efficient for the removal of dyes, phenols
and toxic metal ions from water. Results of batch mode adsorption studies using the above non-conventional
adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals, anions, dyes and phenols and applications to the treatment of
real/synthetic polluted water will be presented in this lecture. Kinetics and temperature effects of adsorption will
be discussed.

OP-109: Clay based nanopigments as multifunctional colorants

Manpreet Kaur and Monika Datta

A method has been developed for the modification of clay for the synthesis of clay supported nanopigments. A
variety of organic dyes belonging to different classes have been used for this purpose such as acid dyes, direct
dyes, reactive dyes etc. The mechanism of immobilization of these dyes on to the clay support has been
investigated. The nanopigments synthesized have been characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD), FT-
RAMAN, UV-DRIFT and TEM/HRTEM techniques. The FT-RAMAN spectra show the characteristic peaks
belonging to the organic dye and the UV-DRIFT spectra of the clay based pigment shows no significant shift in
the absorption maxima of the organic dye. The particle size of the pigments was found to be in the range of 3
nm to 20 nm as evident from the TEM images. The percentage of the dye required to produce the effective
colour was ~ 0.3%.The synthesized nanopigments were dispersed in the polymeric matrix and thin films were
made which exhibited uniform colour, good transparency with improved thermal stability as found by the
differential scanning calorimetric (DSC)studies.
69
These results demonstrate that these clay based nanopigments offers a new range of potential applications as
multifunctional materials.

OP-110: Toxicological Aspects of Nanoparticles

R.K. Soni and Priyanka Arora

Wide applications of nanoparticles in different fields like chemical, biomedical, optical, pharmaceutical,
electronic, environmental detection and monitoring etc., has intensified research effort in this field in the recent
years. At the nanoscale, the physical and chemical properties of particles change which has not only created new
opportunities but has also posed new risks and uncertainties. In the present work, an assessment of the
toxicological aspects of nanoparticles is carried out. Because of their minute size they spread easily through the
atmosphere, contaminate aquatic environment and thus cause environmental damage. Nanoparticles even
represent health risk as they easily penetrate even the minutest of the biological structures like cell and cell
organelles and thus disrupting their normal function.

OP-111: Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of BaZrO
3
: Eu nanophosphors

V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar and Sheetal
Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
v_taxak@yahoo.com

Now a day, rare earth ions-activated nanophosphors materials have been attracting much interest due to the
excellent luminescence and potential applications in luminescent devices. Eu
3+
doped BaZrO
3
nanophosphors
have been prepared by solution combustion synthesis using urea as a fuel in a preheated furnace at 500
0
C.
Structure and luminescent properties of BaZrO
3
: Eu
3+
materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction,
scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. XRD
pattern shows that the product has a high degree of crystallinity and the crystal size was also calculated. SEM
was used for study of surface morphology and the results also show that BaZrO
3
: Eu
3+
perovskites belong to
cubic structure. The incorporation of Eu
3+
activator in these nanoparticles was checked by luminescence studies.
The emission spectra recorded under UV excitation exhibited strongest peak at 596 nm, emitting orange red
light, assigned to the transition [
5
D
0

7
F
1
] of Eu
3+
. The dominating
5
D
0

7
F
1
transition shows that Eu
3+
ions
are located at a symmetry site. These materials may be used in the fields of high-performance luminescent
devices, catalysts and other functional materials due to their exceptional electronic, optical and chemical
characteristics arising from 4f electrons.

OP-112: Design Synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Thiosemicarbazones

A. K. Halve and Jitendra Kumar Gupta
*

School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
gupta2386@gmail.com

Antimicrobial agents are the greatest contribution of present century to chemotherapy. The biological activity of
chemotherapeutic agents is immensely associated with N and S atoms. Thiosemicarbazones belongs to an
important family of these heterocyclic compounds found to be endowed with diverse biological activities in its
own right such as tuberculostatic, fungicidal, pesticidal, herbicidal, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal. A series
of thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized by these reaction of azobenzaldehydes with
thiosemicabazides. Purity of synthesized compounds have been ascertained by thin layer chromatography using
acetone / n-hexane (1:3). and structures were assigned on the basis of elemental and spectral analysis. The
synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by using disc diffusion
technique against two bacterial pathogens viz S. aureus, E. coli, & two fungal pathogens namely C. albicanes,
A. niger. Chloramphenicol and fluconazole were used as respective standard drugs. The synthesized
thiosemicarbazones exhibit good activity for the selected bacterial and fungal strains

70
OP-113: Pharmacological Activities of the compound isolated from Murraya koenigii

Abhishek Mathur
1*
, Rita Kashyap
1
, G. B. K. S. Prasad
2
and V. K. Dua
3
1
Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
2
Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India
3
National Institute of Malaria Research, Hardwar, Uttrakhand, India
mathurabhishek37@yahoo.com

In the present investigation, the compound responsible for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
properties in methanolic extract of leaves of Murraya koenigii L. was determined by Perkin- Elmer GC Claurus
500 system and Gas Chromatograph interfaced to a Mass Spectrometer GC/MS technique. GC-MS analysis of
methanol extract of the leaves of the plant revealed the existence of 1-Methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
(69.00%), Ethyl -d glucopyranoside (13.36%), Isolongifolene, Isolongifolene (3.68%), c-Himachalene
(2.88%), 1,2-Ethanediol, monoacetate (2.79%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-isooctyl ester (2.55%). The
pure compounds were separated using a Shimadzo LC 2010 HPLC system (Kyoto, Japan), equipped with a
Shimadzo LC 2010 UV-VIS detector with a thermostated flow cell and a selectable two wavelengths of 190 -
370 nm or 371600nm. These were further screened for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties. All the compounds possessed some or the other activity. It was found that the compound 9, 12
octadecadienoic acid having the retention time 18.81 and the peak area 0.60 % had potent antioxidant,
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The compound showed potent antimicrobial activity against
Bacillus subtilis, E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans,
Saccharomyces cerevisae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum at MIC value from 0.05-0.56 g/ml. The
compound showed less activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in comparison to other pathogens. The
compound possessed to have strong antioxidant activity with IC
50
value of 45.65 g/ml as measured by DPPH
assay. The compound possessed 85 % reduction in paw edema at a dose of 150 g/ml in reference to standard
anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin which showed 68.62 % reduction. The compound was further assayed for
cellular toxicity to fresh sheep erythrocytes and found to have no cellular toxicity.

OP-114: Sustainable Technique for Agriculture

Anamika Srivastava
Scientist (WOS-B), B. B. D. University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
anamika411@yahoo.com

In India about 43 percent of total geographical area is used for agricultural activity. The salt-affected area in
India is 7.0 million hectare or 17 percent. As per the report of 61
st
round of National Sample Survey
Organization (NSSO), 74.68 percent people of countrys total population reside in rural areas. Further, in rural
India, 64.3 percent of the population continues to be depended on agriculture as a major source of livelihood.
Indias food grain requirement to feed the estimated population of 1400 million by 2025 will be 300 million
tones. Reports indicates that some states witness consumption of fertilizer picking up without any conspicuous
gain on agricultural crop productivity which suggest that the use of agrochemicals has deteriorated the soil
health and limited its capacity to produce more, even with higher consumption of fertilizer. A major concern is
the declining productivity of food grains. This was mainly due to the water-induced land degradation
(Salinisation, Sodification, Groundwater depletion) and loss of fertility with the sustained removal of nutrients
associated with more intensive cropping and the inappropriate use of heavily subsidized nitrogenous fertilizers.
Sodic soils are dominated by electrochemical bounding of sodium and clays. The pH ranges lies between 8.5
and 11.5 causing reduced availability of nitrogen and zinc. Accumulation of sodium adversely affects soil
fertility and is harmful for plant growth. The USDA Salinity Laboratory defines a sodic soil as having an ESP
(Exchangeable sodium percentage) greater than 15. Reclamation of sodic land involves gypsum which is very
costly and could not be affordable by poor and marginal farmers. Besides gypsum technology is not sustainable,
it reverses the status. Whereas Jatropha (Phytoremediation technique) has potential to reclaim sodic land, as the
key challenge was to reverse the process of sodicity through sustainable reclamation of sodic land and
prevention of further increase in sodicity. Jatropha curcus, applied as reclamation agent, is trialed on farmers
field. A result indicates that it reduces the pH and ESP and raises organic carbon within two years of study
without the application of any chemical amendment.

71

OP-115: Growth Response of S. Melongena in Three Different Adsorbents Irrigated
With Sugar Mill Effluent

Sangeeta Madan and Charu Saxena
*
Department of Environmental Sciences,
Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
ch08amu@yahoo.co.in

The present investigation has been carried out on Solanum melongena to study the effect of different adsorbents
and sugar mill effluent on seed germination, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll a
and b, ascorbic acid and biomass. In-vivo conditions were maintained for the experimental purpose. Three
different adsorbents viz; (activated charcoal, wood ash, bagasse) and four different concentrations of sugar mill
effluent i.e, (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were taken for the present study. 20 gm of each adsorbent was mixed
separately in different pots containing 4 kg of soil. Triplicates were maintained for each of the adsorbents and a
control set was also run in parallel. Sterilization of S. melongena seeds was done with 0.1 % HgCl
2
and were
equidistantly placed in the pots. Pots were irrigated with different concentrations of the effluent. Effect of
different adsorbents and exposure of different concentrations of sugar mill effluent was observed on various
morphological parameters of test crop. Results of germination studies showed that the lower concentrations
(50%) of sugar mill effluent increased the germination percentage, seedling growth and biomass of the crop
grown in soil having activated charcoal. Further increase of effluent concentrations showed the gradual decrease
in the germination percentage, seedling growth and biomass. The study suggests that the effluent can be used
safely for S. melongena cultivation, only after diluting the effluent and giving proper treatment.

OP-116: Chemistry, Safety Profile, Pharmacokinetics and Analysis of Haloperidol in
Biological and Water Samples

H. V. Pant
1
, Prashant Singh
2
, Suresh Kumar
3
and Seema Baniwal
4
1,2
Department of Chemistry, S. G. R. R. (P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Talwari, Uttarakhand, India
4
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
drhvpant@yahoo.com

Haloperidol is used very frequently for the treatment in various diseases in India. It is life saving catalyst but its
unnecessary administration into human body is not desirable and lead to certain side effects and also alter the
biological activities of the body. Some pharmaceutical industries and hospitals are releasing a variety of drugs
including Haloperidol as biological waste into our water and ground resources. Therefore, analytical and
environmental scientists, clinicians and other regulatory authorities are asking data on the presence of drug
residues in biological and water samples. A search of literature through chemical, analytical and water abstracts
on the drug Haloperidol residues in biological and water samples shows that
reports about biological samples are available but not about water samples. The chromatographic methods of
analysis of drugs have achieved a great reputation due their wide range of application, low limit of detection,
efficiencies and reproducibilities. In view of these points, it may be inferred that there is a definite need for
researchers to develop the new and cheaper thin layer chromatography (TLC) and solid phase extraction (SPE)
methods for the separation and identification of Haloperidol drug residues in water.

OP-117: Anticonvulsant activity of N-aryl-2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-2yl) Acetamides
derivative

Kapil Kumar Goel
1*
, Anu
2
, Nidhi Goel
3
, Ashwani Kumar
1
and Peeush Singhal
1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical

Sciences. Gurukul Kangri university, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut, U. P., India
3
Dev Bhoomi Institute of Pharmacy and Resaerch, Dehradun , Uttarakhand, India
kapilgoel9@yahoo.co.in

A series of N-aryl-2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-2yl) Acetamides have been synthesized by the condensation of
substituted anilines with Methyl 2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-2yl) acetate. The structures of the synthesized
compounds have been established on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. All the synthesized
compounds screened for anticonvulsant activity.
72

The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity using maximal electroshock
seizure method. The animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 6 animals each and were fasted for
24hr before the experiment with free access to water. The synthesized compounds were administered orally
at an equimolar oral dose of 30mg/kg phenytoin. Both the test compounds and standard drug were administered
orally as suspension in carboxymethyl cellulose in water. Supra-maximal electroshock of current intensity
50mA at a frequency of 60 Hz was given for duration of 0.2 sec of the administration of test and standard drug.
The anticonvulsant activity was assessed after 30 min. of administration. The abolition of hind limb tonic
extensor spasm was recorded as a measure of anticonvulsant activity. Most of the compounds were found as
potent as phenytoin.

OP-118: Medicinal , Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of
Plumbago Zeylanica (L.)

Nisha Sharma
*
and Purshotam Kaushik
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
ns66370@gmail.com, purshotam.kaushik@gmail.com

Medicinal plants are the local heritage with global importance. World is endowed with a rich wealth of
medicinal plants. Natural products play an important role in drug development programme in the
pharmaceutical industry. Plumbago zeylanica (L.) belongs to family Plumbaginaceae, commonly known as
chitrak is one of the medicinal plants used in Indian traditional system of medicine. Traditionally P. zeylanica is
used as a stimulant digestant, expectorant, laxative and in the treatment of muscular pain and rheumatic
diseases.Some parts of P. zeylanica are used in various pharmacological activities. The different parts of P.
zeylanica are used for various ethnomedicinal purposes and investigations have been carried out on different
chemical compounds such as plumbagin and other compounds of this plant. Its biological activities like
antibacterial, antimycotic, antiviral, antiplasmodial, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal and anticarcinogenic have been
studied along with pharmacological effects of it. The present review deals with chemical compounds, medicinal
properties, biological activities and pharmacological effects of P. zeylanica.

OP-119: Applications of Polymers for sustained delivery of therapeutics and
biopharmaceuticals

Ramneek Singh
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
ramz.singh90@gmail.com

Polymers have been widely used as excipients that adjust the consistency of creams and liquid formulations, as
plasma expanders, and as tablet coatings. Recently much focus has been on the use of polymers for
encapsulation of injectables for sustained release of the drug after administration by oral or intravenous routes.
The advantages of polymer based delivery systems are that they can be loaded with the drug ( both chemical
based and protein or DNA based) and reduced to micro and nano levels. When injected into the animals, the
nano particles release drug in a sustained fashion thus reducing the dosage and number of administrations,
thereby reducing toxicity and improving patient compliance. Many genetically engineered drugs (peptides and
proteins) have characteristically short half-lives and in order to prolong their therapeutic effects in the human
body, the only way is to release the drug in a controlled manner. Various natural and synthetic polymers have
been studied for their usage as controlled drug delivery vehicles on the basis of their biocompatibility,
biodegradability and cost effectiveness. Of the natural polymers, starch, alginate and gelatin have been used, the
advantage being low cost, biocompatibility and aqueous solubility. In contrast, synthetic polymers are more
reproducible and can be prepared with desired degradation rates, molecular weights and copolymer
compositions. Nevertheless the synthetic polymers may have the disadvantage of limited solubility or may be
soluble only in organic solvents and consequently may not release the drug in biological aqueous environment.
Both the types are commercially available and are being studied, out of which polylactic acid (PLA) and
polyglycolic acid (PGA) copolymer, PLGA has been suitable because of its excellent biocompatibility and
biodegradability. FDA has approved its usage for implants and administration of therapeutics. Since anticancer
drugs are highly toxic and have to be administered for long durations, sustained release of these drugs from
nanoparticles (NP) will lead to maintenance of drug levels within desirable range with much lower doses,
reducing the number of administrations and better patient compliance.

73

OP-120: Adaptogenic Activity of the Roots Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd In Mice

Joshi Tanuj
*1
, Negi Deepak
2
and Khulbe Preeti
1

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India
tanujjoshi34@yahoo.co.in, tanujjoshi36@gmail.com

Ethanolic extract of the roots of Asparagus racemosus was evaluated for adaptogenic activity in albino mice
using different models of stress like chemical writhing test and swimming endurance test. It was found that the
extract improved the stress tolerance in chemical writhing test by significantly reducing the total number of
writhings at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. In the swimming endurance test the extract
significantly reduced the immobilization time at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. The mice
were divided into the following five groups each containing six animals: Group I (received only distilled water:
vehicle control), Group II, III and IV ( treated with different doses of Asparagus racemosus extract; 100 mg/kg,
200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively) and Group V (received diazepam as standard drug: positive control).
The present study demonstrated that Asparagus racemosus extract reduced the number of writhings significantly
as compared to vehicle control. Thus demonstrating antistress activity. Increased swimming endurance in mice,
pretreated with adaptogens has been reported and this model is used to evaluate the agents with adaptogenic
properties. The swimming endurance paradigm is based on the observation that animals forced to swim in water
eventually assumed a characteristic immobile posture, devoid of any activity. The appearance of immobility
therefore, reflects a state of tiredness, fatigue, reduced stamina or a lowered mood (hopelessness). These signs
represent the core symptoms observed in depressed patients and in individual under intense stress. It is well
known that drugs with adaptogenic properties reduce the duration of immobility in animals in physical stress
models like swimming endurance test. The no of writhings (meanSEM) observed for various groups in
chemical writhing test were as follows: Group I (426.696), Group II (17.66.592), Group III (10.63.501),
Group IV (83.764), Group V (5.4002.159). In the swimming endurance test the immobility time
(meanSEM) observed was as follows: Group I (27.0280.81), Group II (23.491.03), Group III
(22.3280.656), Group IV (21.3700.388), Group V (17.4001.568). The results suggest that the extract
demonstrated adaptogenic potential in chemical stress model. In our study Asparagus racemosus also reduced
the immobility time in swimming endurance test and thus proved its adaptogenic potential. Diazepam, used as a
positive control significantly reduced the chemical writhing and immobility time in both chemical induced
stress and swimming endurance test.

OP-121: Antimicrobial Screening and Phytochemical Analysis of Extracts of Medicinal
Plants

Navneet, Prabhat Kumar, Sanjay and S. S. Gautam
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
gautam12shiv@gmail.com

Medicinal plants are rich source of bioactive compounds, can serve as important raw materials for drug
production. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of
various extracts of Acacia arabica, Acacia catechu, Achyranthes aspera, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Glycyrrhiza
glabra, Jasminum grandiflorum, Olea europaea, Salvadora persica, Terminalia chebula and Vitex negundo
against gram positive (S. sanguis, S. mutans, A. viscosus, L. acidophilus, S. aureus and S. salivarius) bacterial
pathogens.
Plants were collected from various places of Uttarakhand and identified at Department of Botany and
Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar and Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Center,
Dehradun. Plant materials were washed in fresh water and dried under shade at room temperature. The plant
parts were crushed and extracted in petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water by using Soxhlet apparatus.
Agar well diffusion method was adopted to examine the antibacterial activity.
Among all the extracts methanolic extracts were comparatively more effective against all tested
microorganisms. Phytochemical analysis of all the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides,
alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, saponins and tannin. These investigations support a good response to the use of
these plants in herbal medicine and as a base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine.

74
OP-122: Variability in Dendrocalamu Strictus (ROXB.) Nees through Biochemical

Traits

Saira Malik
*
and Sas Biswas
Plant Physiology Discipline, Forest Research Institute Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
msaira.research@gmail.com

The genus Dendrocalamus belongs to the family Poaceae under the sub family Bambusoideae. Dendrocalamus
strictus (Roxb.) Nees is one of the priority species of the country which is distributed in different forest types of
India. It occupies 53% of the total bamboo area in India. The most predominant areas are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Western Ghats. With the myriad of uses, most
primarily as a principle source of paper and pulp in India and also being climatically versatile owing to its
quadruple times CO
2
sequestration ability than the average timber, there is an urgent need to increase its
plantation with high productivity which can be achieved through ascertaining the potential species, analysis of
genetic variability among traits and association of a particular character in relation to other traits contributing to
yield.
Some such taxonomically significant traits include chlorophyll, sugars, proteins, amino acids and phenols.
These biochemical traits are of utmost importance and underlie a useful genotypic variation. Studying these
parameters would give us the perspective of variation and hence would assist in screening and unambiguous
selection of candidate plus bamboo thus, the present work purports to study the genetic variation in D.strictus
germplasm
A germplasm of D.strictus was established at FRI in year 2007 representing 296 accessions from 17 states
.Twenty accessions were chosen and subjected to biochemical analysis.
Highly significant variation was observed among the accessions based on total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a,
chlorophyll b, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and total phenols at p0.001 and at p0.05 for amino acids. The
maximum total chlorophyll (2.55 mg g
-1
FW), chlorophyll a (1.74 mg g
-1
FW), sugars (25.24 mg g
-1
DW) and
soluble protein content (18.02 mg g
-1
FW) was observed in A35 hailing from Hoshiyarpur-I (Punjab), whereas
accession yielding the highest chlorophyll b content was in A5 (0.9 mg g
-1
FW) from Devprayag. A32 (0.3 mg
g
-1
DW) from Kahanpur registered the maximum value of phenol content. The maximum value for free amino
acids was recorded in A40 (13.74 mg g
-1
DW) from Jhelwa followed by A8 (12.9 mg g
-1
DW) from Haridwar.
Further a significant positive correlation was observed among various biochemical parameters. Partition of the
variance into genotypic, phenotypic and environmental variance revealed maximum variance was revealed at
phenotypic level followed by genotypic and environmental for the studied biochemical traits. Estimates of
heritability (Broad sense) revealed heritability range from 35.2% to 74.5%. Maximum heritability was observed
in chlorophyll (74.5%) followed by sugars (70.5%) and proteins (55.3%) coupled with high genetic gain. Hence
these characters can be selected for further tree improvement programmes.

OP-123: Study of mucoadhesive microparticulate drug delivery system of Isabgol husk
for anti-diabetic effect of gliclazide

Vipin K. Sharma
1
, Prince P. Sharma
1
and B. Mazumdar
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India

sharma_dibru@yahoo.co.in

The main objective of any drug delivery system is to achieve the desired therapeutic concentration at the site of
action. Numbers of drug delivery devices are categorized in conventional and sustained release system to attain
the desired therapeutic effect of incorporated drug entity. Prolonged/controlled release drug delivery
preparations are considered more convenient than conventional due to some inherent characteristics i.e. patient
compliance, long duration of action, low dosing frequency, less side effects and toxic effects etc. Not only the
drugs but also the fabricating polymeric networks play a major role in governing the efficacy of drug delivery
devices.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery formulations are fabricated by using polymers that have ability to adhere on
underline mucosal covering of different routes of drug administration. The mucoadhesion is generally based on
length and extent of hydrophilic chains present on the surface of drug delivery devices. Large number of natural,
semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers have been reported in various studies to be applied in different
preparations to site specific devices such as nasal, buccal, ophthalmic, gastric, enteric, colon etc.
75
Isabgol husk, a well known natural non-toxic edible remedy obtained from seed husk of Plantago ovata is used
from ancient time in all therapeutic systems to relive the constipation problem. In the present study, it was
applied to formulate mucoadhesive microparticulate system of gliclazide along with sodium alginate as
hardening agent. Gliclazide is an anti-diabetic agent of sulfonyl urea category and generally used in NIIDDM
(Type II diabetes). It is water insoluble in nature having biological half life of 2 to 8 hours. The preparations
were prepared by ionic gelation cross-linking technique by using calcium chloride as counter ion in different
strength say 2, 5 and 8%w/v. The formulations thus prepared were evaluated for particle size distribution,
swelling, drug loading, mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release in distilled water, acidic and basic environment;
FTIR, DSC and surface topography.
The preparations were administered to normal rabbits (n=3) by oral route for X-ray study after barium meal to
assess the effect of transition time on mucoadhesion. The anti-diabetic effect was also observed in
streptozotocin induced diabetic rabbits (n=6) through blood glucose level determination by glucose strip
method. The study revealed the suitability of Isabgol husk in controlling the release of incorporated gliclazide as
well as in mucoadhesion.

OP-124: Green Buildings: A Vedic Approach

Suyash Bhardwaj
1
and Murli Manohar Tiwari
2

1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
2
Department of Applied Chemistry,

Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
suyash.bhardwaj@gmail.com

Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings use resources energy, water,
and materials while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better site,
design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal the complete Building life cycle. Buildings are
significant users of energy, water, and material resources, as well as major contributors to environmental
degradation associated with the use of these resources. Without significant increases and improvements in
building practices, the negative impact of the built environment on human and environmental health is likely to
increase dramatically in future decades.
Vastu shastra is an ancient Indian science that lays down the guidelines of architecture and buildings.
Architecture or Shilpa Shastras describes the standards for religious Hindu iconography, prescribing among
other things, the proportions of a sculptured figure, as well as rules of Hindu architecture. Vastu believes that
there are essentially two types of forces positive and negative; which are equal but act opposite to each other.
When a structure is build over the surface of the earth it comes in natural interaction with these forces, the
intensity of forces differ according to the factors like levels or floor, water bodies, door placement etc. If the
structure is build such that positive forces override the negative forces, then the beneficial bio-energy thus
released helps all the inmates to be healthy.
There are sayings such as:
Nadi Shotriyo Raja Devagyo Na Chikitasak Tatra Vaso Na Kartavaya : A place where there is no river (Source
of water - pond or well, etc.), scholar, astrologer, ruler and medical expert, should not be selected for living
thereon, it should be rejected.
Dushta Bharya Shath Mitra Bhratiyaschottar Dayak; Sasarpe Ch Grahey Vaso Mirturev Na Sanshaya : If there is
house in which lives an unfaithful wife, a foolish friend, an outspoken servant and a snake, the owner of such a
house may die at any moment. If such things are associated with the house constructed by someone, the life of
the inmates become troublesome and unhappy, and there is always a fear of death.
This paper presents a greener approach to the architecture of modern buildings according to vedic and hindu
iconology. This concept may be used to improve the life of buildings, the air circulation and the health of
inmates. Status of green building in various cities of India and the concept of green building shall also be
discussed.

76
PP-1: Expedient Protocols to the Heteroannulation of face a of 1, 5-benzothgiazepin-2-

on-s, s-dioxide with triazole, tetrazole and quinazoline nucleus through its
iminothiomethyl ether derivative

Aarti
*
, Pragati Devi and Dharma Kishore
omaarti@rediffmail.com

Successful chemotherapeutic applications of 1, 5- benzothiazepine derivatives such as diltiazem used in the
treatment of calcium channel blocker, calcium channel modulator, calcium channel antagonist, vasodilator,
antihypertensive, blood platelet aggregation inhibitor, antiarrhythmic, antithrombotic, antianginal, antiischemic
etc. prompted us to study the potential of this nucleus in the discovery of other novel agents of medicinal
importance. This stimulated us to explore the feasibility of the preparation of 1, 5- benzothiazepine-S, S-dioxide
derivatives which contained an oxadiazole nucleus on its 4-position and were annulated with triazole, tetrazole
and quinazoline rings on face a of its nucleus. In this communication, we report the development of expedient
protocols which allowed the facile annulation of 1, 5- benzothiazepine-S, S-dioxide nucleus with the above
pharmacophores through their 2-imino thiomethyl ether derivatives. The iminothiomethyl ether function has
been reported to participate actively in the nucleophilic displacement reactions and cyclocondensations with
appropriate bidentate nucleophiles to give the heteroring annulated products. This property of iminothiomethyl
ether functionality in 8 was utilized in the synthesis of 9, 10, 11 and 12, from the reaction of 8 with methyl
anthranilate (or isatoic anhydride), o-aminobenzonitrile, acethydrazide and hydrazine hydrate (followed by the
interaction of the product obtained from this reaction with HNO
2
). The intermediate 8 which formed the key
compound in the synthesis was realized from 7, on its reaction with Lawessons reagent followed by treatment
with MeI. Compounds 4, 5 and 6 were realized in succession from 3 on applying the established procedures
reported for such reactions, on the related substrates in the literature. Compound 3 had in turn resulted from the
reaction of o-aminothiophenol (1) with the ester of maleic (or fumaric acid) (2). Oxidation of 3 with H
2
O
2
/
AcOH formed the corresponding S, S-dioxide derivate 4. The ester group of 4 on reaction with hydrazine
hydrate afforded the acid hydrazide (5), whose reaction with CS
2
+KOH followed by treatment with HCl yielded
the corresponding oxadiazole derivative (6). Compound 7 resulted from 6 on allowing the extrusion of sulphur
from the SH group of 6 by Raney Ni. The products were tested for purity by tlc and characterized by
microanalysis, IR,
1
HNMR and MS data.

PP-2: Chemistry driven approach to the development of possible substitutes to haart
in anti-hiv chemotherapy explored by incorporating the vital components of etraverine
on to the 2-position of privileged nucleus of 1, 5 benzodiazepine

Aastha Pareek, Manju Rani, Pratima Sharma, Navjeet Kaur and D. Kishore
aastha.pareek15@gmail.com

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIS) form the key components of highly active anti-
retroviral therapy [HAART] which comprise of the combination of FDA approved first generation drugs such
as efevirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine etc. but despite the demonstrated chemical efficacy of these
drugs, The emergence of clinical resistance has become a key issue and a major cause of a treatment failure.
Recently, a second generation NNRTI etravirine (TMC 125) has been approved by FDA that has demonstrated
activity against a number of clinically observed mutants.
Encouraged by the improved treatment option which the HAART therapy has provided, we reasoned that an
even still better treatment option could possibly be obtained on joining the two/three active enzyme inhibitors
in the same molecular framework by resorting to such synthetic endeavours which allowed them to join together
to become the part of the same molecule . The motivation for the exploration of such treatment option derived
its inspiration, on this premise that the presence of two ( or three) active anti HIV agents in tandem in the
same molecular framework could contribute significantly by providing an additive effect on the overall potency
in the resulting molecules.
The importance of benzo (pyrido) diazepines as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (TIBO, Nevirapine etc.)
have been well documented in the literature. Eversince the benzodiazepine nucleus has been recognized to
belong to the class of (privileged medicinal scaffolds) their potential towards the discovery of novel drugs
have been reexamined with a renewed interest.
A perusal of the structure of FDA approved anti-HIV agent etravirine repeated that its molecule comprised of
essentially three vital fragments viz, (i) p-cyanophenyl amino part (ii) p-cyano phenoxyl part and (iii) amino
77
pyrimidine part. In a quest to find possible substitute to HAART, it was thought that the impact which the
incorporation of etravirine (or its above vital components) on to the 1, 5- benzodiazepine nucleus could produce
on the anti-hiv potential in the resulting materials was worth investigating.
We report in this communication, the preliminary results of our study launched on its first phase, to incorporate
the p-cyanophenylamino, p-cyanophenoxyl and amino pyrimidine parts on to the 2-position of 1, 5
benzodiazepine nucleus to generate six analogues, as possible potential substitutes to HAART in anti HIV
chemotharepy the biological potential of these materials with particular refrence to their application as
substitutes to HAART, is under study.

PP-3: Effect of micronization on release Kinetic of both micronized and non-micronized
glimepiride 4 mg tablets

Abhimanyu
1*
, Ravi Pratap
1
, Ashish Pandey
1
and Vivek Trivedi
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FAMS), Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India
2
Sun Pharma, Plot no. 754, Setipool, Nandok, Ranipool, East Sikkim, India
abhisaini.1984@gmail.com

The aim of present research work was to evaluate in-vitro drug release kinetic of 4mg tablets containing non-
micronized and micronized glimepiride by using micronization technology. In order to achieve this goal several
tablets were developed, optimized and characterized. Best optimized tablet formulation was selected for further
studies. Two batches of the tablets were prepared, one for non-micronized glimepiride tablets (4mg) and the
other for micronized glimepiride tablets (4mg). These tablets were subjected to evaluation studies such as
micromeritics, compatibility, physical properties viz. hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and content
uniformity, dissolution. Total experiment was carried out quite methodically and scientifically. Micromeritics
properties of powder blend of both non-micronized and micronized glimepiride 4mg tablets for direct
compression were found within permissible limits for successful compression. From the research carried out it
was found that the physical properties of non-micronized and micronized glimepiride tablets such as hardness,
thickness, friability, weight variation and content uniformity all were found within the Pharmacopoeial limit. No
drug-excipients interaction was confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy which indicates the mutual compatibility.
Finally, accelerated stability study was performed and results were compared between the two batches. Results
of this study revealed that micronized tablet formulation of glimepiride 4mg released more drug content i.e.
102.745.13% when compared to non micronized tablets which had released just 59.618.64 %. From the
present research it can be concluded that micronization of a poorly soluble drug such as glimepiride is an
important technique to enhance the rate of dissolution.

PP-4: Allelopathic effects of decomposed walnut leaf on Radish (raphanus sativus l.) and
Mustard (brassica spp.) seed germination and seedling growth in Uttarakhand
Himalayas

R. S. Bali, Abhishek Bahuguna
*
and Sandhya Bahuguna
College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, GBPUA&T Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Uttarakhand, India
sanbhi11@gmail.com, abhihorti_1984@rediffmail.com

Phytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of walnut leaf was studied on germinating seeds and early seedling
growth of two vegetable crops Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Pusa chetki and Mustard (Brassica spp.) cv.
Karanti under western Himalayan agrisilvisystem. Five treatments comprised of distilled water (Control =0%)
40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of leaf extracts were treated. The effect of aqueous extracts was found
inhibitive with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Both the
varieties exhibited extent of phytotoxicity at 100% extracts application in comparison to untreated control.
Invariably there was a decrease in first count, germination, seedling root and shoot length, seedling fresh and
dry weight with increasing aqueous extracts concentration on germinating Pusa chetki and Karanti. Present
investigation shows that the tree species have allelopathic potential and contain water-soluble substances. They
have inhibitory effects at higher concentrations but at low concentrations they have stimulatory effects. Walnut
(Juglans regia L.) is a large deciduous fruit tree with long fragrant leaves, distributed in the Himalayas between
1375-3350 m. asl, extending in the west to Afganistan and east to Bhutan. In the Himalayas, the walnut is one of
the first species to lose its leaves, tree becoming leafless from September to October i.e. the right time of rabi
crop sowing in hills. Presence of trees in agri-silvi system results in direct exposure of associated crop to
continuous release of chemicals. These chemicals influence local environment, germination and growth and
78
plants. The effects of these chemicals on other plants are known as allelopathy to be dependent on the
concentration released into the soil /environment.

PP-5: Allelopathic effects of walnut leaf extracts on seed germination and subsequent
seedling growth of grain Amaranth (amaranthus spp.) Under north-west Himalaya agri-
silvi system

Abhishek Bahuguna, Birendra Prasad
*
, Sandhya Bahuguna and D. K. Shukla
College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, GBPUA&T, Hill Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
prasadbsst@gmail.com

Allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the
production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment. Allelochemicals are present in many types
of plants and are released into the rhizosphere by a variety of mechanism, including decomposition of residues,
volatilizations and root exudation. These chemicals are known to affect germination, growth, development,
distribution and reproduction of a number of plant species. The experiment was conducted under the laboratory
conditions at GBPUA&T, Hill Campus, Ranichauri. Fresh fallen leaves of walnut (Juglans regia L.) were
collected near by area of GBPUAT, Hill Campus, Ranichauri in the month of first week of October, 2010.
Leaves were dried in open sunlight, mechanically crushed and made a fine powder. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and
120g of fine powder were soaked in 1000 ml. distilled water at 25+ 2
0
C for 48 h to comprise of seven treatments
(Control = 0%), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% concentration respectively. 100 seeds of each treatment
were placed separately in pre-sterilized petri-dishes with two fold filter paper at the bottom. The experiment was
laid out in CRD with three replications. 10 ml distilled water each of control and six concentration of leaf
extracts were added in each Petri-dish on first day and 5 ml later or as and when required. The effect of aqueous
extracts was found inhibitive indicating a direct proportional relationship with concentration dependent manner
on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of grain amaranth. Invariably there was a decrease in root,
shoot as well as seedling length, fresh and dry weight of seedling and vigour index with increasing walnut leaf
extracts concentration on grain amaranth. Result showed that germination percent varied from (10.67 to
63.67%), root length (1.60 to 4.54 cm), shoot length (0.92 to 2.99 cm), fresh weight (0.08 to 0.13 g), dry weight
(0.02 to 0.04 g), vigour index I (10.87 to 479.22 %) and vigour index II (0.11 to 2.55 %) having considerable
variation. It is might be due to walnut (Juglans regia L.) have phytotoxic effects on certain plants and toxic
principle of leaf extract is Juglone (5-OH-1, 4 naphthoquinone), an allelo-chemicals which is present in leaves,
hulls and inner root bark.

PP-6: Identification, Classification and Characterization of Some Important Microalgal
Species for Biodiesel Production

Ajay Kumar
1
and Neetu Singh
2

1
Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Biotech, MIM, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
ajaykmr1986@gmail.com, neetu.avni@gmail.com

Biodiesel is a proven fuel. Algae are sunlight-driven cell factories that convert carbon dioxide to potential
biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bioactives. Different species of algae are known to accumulate nutrients as
well as responsible for producing biodiesel. This paper focuses on identification, classification and
characterization of microalgal species as a potential source of biodiesel. Microalgae can provide several
different types of renewable biofuels. Microalgae commonly double their biomass within 24 h. Biomass
doubling times during exponential growth are commonly as short as 3.5 h. Oil content in microalgae can exceed
70% by weight of dry biomass. Oil levels of 2050% are quite common. Oil productivity, depends on the algal
growth rate and the oil content of the biomass. Microalgal biomass contains approximately 50% carbon by dry
weight (Snchez Mirn et al., 2003). All of this carbon is typically derived from carbon dioxide. Producing 100
t of algal biomass fixes roughly 183 t of carbon dioxide. Microalgae with high oil productivities are desired for
producing biodiesel. Microalgal oils can potentially completely replace petroleum as a source of hydrocarbon
feedstock for the petrochemical industry. For this to happen, microalgal oil will need to be sourced at a price
that is roughly related to the price of crude oil, as follows: C
algal oil
= 6.9 x 10
3
C
petroleum
, Where, C
algal oil
($ per
liter) is the price of microalgal oil and Cpetroleum is the price of crude oil in $ per barrel.

79
PP-7: Determination of 2, 3-dimethylaniline in Water samples An application of

Periodate Oxidation

Ajay Kumar
1
, Reeta Kumari
2
and Jaspal Singh
3

1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University,
2
R. K. Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
3
ajaykumarche@yahoo.co.in

The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of 2,3-dimethylaniline in acetone-water medium is first order with
respect to catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase
in the absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting
point and spectroscopic studies, is 2, 3-dimethyl -1, 4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of
medium, ionic strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram
determination of 2,3-dimethylaniline in the range 1. 2 19. 4 g/ml. The characteristics of various calibration
curves, Sendells sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation
coefficient have been evaluated. An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction
studied. Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.

PP-8: Hazardous effects of soil pollution and its protection

Ajay Pali
*
and Randhir Singh Yadav
Amrapali Institute of Technology and Sciences, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
drajaypali@gmail.com, yogesh.tilak@gmail.com

Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive
materials or disease causing agents that have adverse effects on humans, plants and animals. There can be many
causes of the soil pollution, such as seepage from landfills, discharge of industrial waste into the soil,
percolation of contaminated water into the soil, rupture of underground storage tanks, excess application of
pesticides, insecticides etc.The most common chemicals causing soil pollution are petroleum hydrocarbons,
heavy metals, pesticides and solvents. Industrial wasteis one of the single biggest contributors to soil pollution,
hence requires to be tackled urgently. In order to assess soil quality and to select proper soil remediation
methods in case of severe pollution, first we have to understand the behaviour of various compounds within soil
and their respective effects on organisms. The compound behaviour in soils consists of the following processes,
Speciation, Transport andUptake. Speciation focuses on adsorption to soil particles and on complexation
reactions,such as mechanism and modeling of reaction ofheavy metals with dissolved organic matter.In this
study, we will be studying dissolution, precipitation, volatilization and condensation andthese processes will be
elaborated for compounds like heavy metals, volatile organic chemicals, cyanide, nitrogen and phosphate. To
determine the dose-response relationship of heavy metals for plants grown in polluted soils, we will use relevant
research methods and measurement techniques. Basic data is derived from a pot experiment with common grass
in which two different soil types are used and treated with different doses of various heavy metal (Cu, Zn) at
different pH levels. The techniques applied are plant and soil sampling, chemical analysis of total metal amounts
in plant and soil, determination of free metal concentrations, pH measurements, and regression analysis
(parameter fitting).This study is mainly concerned with the determination of adsorption behaviour of heavy
metals in the soil depending on soil type, pH values and the evaluation of effects of heavy metals on plant
growth and metal uptake as a function of total or bio available amount in the soil. In this study, a group of 8-10
students, divided into four groups, performed this experiment for different metals while concentrating on the
power type functions, which is dose-response relationship.

PP-9: Green computing solutions for web surfing

Akanksha Chandola Anthwal
*
and Sheenu Agarwal
Birla Institute of Applied Sciences, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
sheenuagarwal9@gmail.com, chandola.akanksha@gmail.com

Green computing is a novel and an innovative trend in the world of computing which has minimum or no
impact on the environment. Many initiatives have been taken to make the entire web surfing experience more
80
green, i.e. eco-friendly. We need more practical and easy solutions to facilitate greater participation from people
for collective fight against global warming.
In this paper we are intended to discuss the techniques for energy efficient web surfing practices taking in
account some of the green friendly websites that helps in tracking carbon footprint, energy usage and overall
impact on earth. It will also include some tactics for saving energy and resources while surfing the web.

PP-10: Effect of Ammonia on Human Health

Alok Kulshreshtha
*
, Vivek Verma, Anurag Kulshreshtha and Ashok Kumar
School of Chemical Sciences, St. John's College, Agra, U. P., India
alokkul@gmail.com

Ammonia is one of the most highly-produced inorganic chemicals. There are numerous large-scale ammonia
production plants worldwide, producing a total of 131,000,000 metric tons of ammonia in 2010-2011. China
produced 32.1% of the worldwide production, followed by India with 8.9%, Russia with 7.9%, and the United
States with 6.3%.
This irritant gas with a unique pungent odor also is used in the production of explosives, pharmaceuticals,
pesticides, textiles, leather, flame-retardants, plastics, pulp and paper, rubber, petroleum products, and cyanide.
Furthermore, ammonia is a major component of many common household cleaning and bleaching products (eg,
glass cleaners, toilet bowel cleaners, metal polishes, floor strippers, wax removers, smelling salts). About 80%
or more of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizing agricultural crops. Ammonia is also used for the
production of plastics, fibers, explosives, and intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals.
Permissible levels of exposure to toxic gases are defined by time-weighted average (TWA), short-term exposure
limit (STEL), and concentration at which toxic gasses are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). The
TWA is defined as the concentration for an 8-hour workday of a 40-hour workweek that nearly all workers can
be exposed to without adverse effects. Similarly, the STEL is the concentration to which an exposure of longer
than 15 minutes is potentially dangerous and may produce immediate or chronic compromise to health.
Anhydrous ammonia has a TWA of 25 ppm, an STEL of 35 ppm, and an IDLH of 500 ppm.
Although injury from ammonia most commonly is caused by inhalation, it also may follow ingestion or direct
contact with eyes or skin. The present study is designed to assess the effect of Ammonia on human health
especially in Mumbai area.

PP-11: Bulk Removal of Hazardous Halogen Dye Food Red Dye 105, from
wastewater through Adsorption

Alok Mittal and Damodar Jhare
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, M. P., India
aljymittal@gmail.com, ddjhare@gmail.com

Bottom Ash, a waste of thermal power plant has been investigated for the adsorption of a hazardous halogen
containing dye Food Red 105 [IUPAC name, 4,5,6,7,-tetrachloro-2,4,5,7,-tetraiodofluorescein disodium salt
and Molecular formulae as C
20
H
2
Cl
4
I
4
Na
2
O
5
] from Wastewaters. The present research work deals with
optimization of experimental conditions along with its applicability to various important parameters like effect
sieve sizes of the adsorbents, amount of the adsorbent, concentration of the dye, effect of contact time,
temperature at 30
0
C and pH of the solution were analyzed for understanding the adsorptive abilities of the
adsorbents. The adsorption has been found to increase with decrease in the particle size. Under the bulk removal
Food Red 105 has been adsorbed through the column beds of Bottom Ash and the adsorbed dye has been
recovered by eluting dilute NaOH solution through exhausted columns. Thus it has been concluded that the
Bottom Ash can act as good alternative in wastewater treatment technology.

PP-12: Common weeds of kharif crops of block Chamba, District Tehri (Uttarakhand)

L.R.Dangwal, Aman Deep Singh
*
, Antima Sharma and Tajinder Singh
Herbarium and Plant Systematic Lab., H.N.B. Garhwal University, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
amanguru83@gmail.com

The present communication pertains to the common weeds of kharif crops of block Chamba, District Tehri
(Uttarakhand). The study was based on extensive and intensive field surveys made during different months of
kharif season 2009-11. During the course of field study the authors have selected 05 important villages in block
81

Chamba i.e Nagni, Bundhargaon, Saundkoti, Sabli, Kaymalgaon. Three sites were selected in each villages. A
total of 56 weed species belonging to 03 monocot and 19 dicot families were reported from the study area. Out
of these 22 families the predominance was shown by monocot family Poaceae having 09 weed species followed
by families Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae each having 06 weed species.

PP-13: Physico-chemical properties of the water of river Ganga at Haridwar during
Maha Kumbh Mela, 2010

Amar Singh
*
, Rohit Chaudhary and R. K. Negi
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
amarhdw@gmail.com

During the Maha Kumbh mela festival, one of the largest religious gathering in the world, millions of pilgrims
around the globe take a holy dip in the river Ganga. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of this
mass bathing during main bathing dates on physico-chemical parameters of River Ganga water during the Maha
Kumbh (February to April), 2010 at Haridwar (Uttarakhand). Water samples were collected from three different
sites (Premngar Ashram Ghat, Shankar Ashram Ghat and Jathwara Bridge Ghat), situated on the bank of upper
Ganga canal.
Different water quality parameters such as water temperature, turbidity, transparency, total solids, total
dissolved solids, total suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen
demand, free co2, alkalinity, hardness and chloride were analyzed. The samplings were done in three phases at
each main bathing date i.e. before one day of bathing date, at the bathing day, and next day of bathing date
during morning. Results showed that higher values for total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids,
biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand & turbidity were observed at the main bathing date in
comparison to previous and next day of main bathing date at all three sites. On while other parameters such as
pH, dissolve oxygen, Transparency were found decreased. Alkalinity, chloride & Free CO
2
however showed no
regular trend among sites. The water was found to be hard during first three bathing dates and moderately hard
at 4
th
bathing date. Results revealed that the pollution level was increased at the day of bathing dates in
comparison to previous and next days.

PP-14: Green chemistry-happy and prosperous world

Amar Nath Chaudhary
Department of Chemistry, R. M. College, Saharsa, Bihar, India
amarnath.chaudhary05@gmail.com

The quantitative and qualitative developments of human activity with the advancement of Science and
Technology have been given positive benefits since age. However these benefits have been coupled with
resource depletion, ecological degradation as by product and environmental pollution. Well protected and
healthy environment is need of hour. This can be achieved by using Green chemistry. Green chemistry also
known as sustainable and eco-friendly chemistry has already demonstrated how chemistry can protect human
health and environment in an economically beneficial manner. Sustainable development means managing
resources effectively and maximizing the benefits we get from them so as not to overload the worlds ecosystem.
By using Green chemistry engineers scientists educationists can create safer future. Educationists have to adopt
green technology and their philosophy to be infused in education and research. Industries have to adopt green
technology because it will not be only beneficial for the society but provide costs benefits.

PP-15: Synthesis and in-vitro antifungal studies of some new 1-(2-{2-hydroxy-5-
[phenyldiazenyl]phenyl}-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylthiourea derivatives

A. K. Halve
1
, A. Kankoriya
2
and Rachana Kathal
3

1
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India,

2
GICTS college, Gwalior, M. P., India
3
Amity University, Gwalior, M. P., India
kankoriya@hotmail.com

Pathogens immune response to exiting pharmaceuticals has risen dramatically in the last few decades due to the
structural modifications, genomic mutations and biochemical alterations acquired by the microorganisms. Since
82

many drugs available in the market cause side effects or face quickly developed resistance by the pathogens,
there is a general consensus that new antifungal compounds are urgently required for conquering these fungi.
Several five membered ring systems, e.g., triazole, oxadiazole, dithiazole and thiadiazole with three heteroatoms
at symmetrical or asymmetrical positions have been studied because of their interesting pharmacological
properties. In this article our emphasis is on synthetic development and pharmacological activity of the thiazole
moiety which exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-
inflammatory and anticancer etc.
The present work explains the synthesis and fungal sensitivity evaluation of new thiosemicarbazones and 4-
thiazolidinone, obtained using appropriate synthetic methodology. The structure of synthesized compounds was
assigned on the basis of elemental and spectral data. All the compounds were tested for sensitivity against a
panel of fungal organisms using disc diffusion method.

PP-16: Effect of late sowing heat stress on membrane thermo- stability index of
different wheat varieties

Amit Kumar, Vikas Kumar Singh and R. S. Sengar
Department of Agriculture Biotechnology,
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U. P., India
rs.svbpatu@gmail.com

Wheat is the most important winter crop grown in India during rabi season. This golden grain winter cereal is
major contributor to food security system and provides more than 50 percent calories to the people who are
mostly dependent on this staple food. It is the second largest crop of India consumed after rice. Globally it is
cultivated on an area of 21561 million hectares with the production of 628.10 million tone and contributed about
11.57% of total cereal production. Global warming is common in most cereal growing area in the world. The
membrane stability index (MSI) was taken as major parameter of screening wheat varieties for heat tolerance.
MSI is determined by measuring of electrical conductivity of aquause phase in which leaf tissue exposure to
high temperature. Membrane stability index at seed development stage showed positive association with
biomass and seed yield in wheat genotypes under normal and late sown conditions. High temperature stress
caused significant reductions in physiological parameters and yield. High temperature/late sowing induced
decline in membrane stability index (app. 31%), plant height (app.17%), biomass (app.39%) and seed yield
(app.50%) were observed in different wheat varieties. Heat stress also reduced tiller number, spike bearing
tiller, grain number per spike and grain yield due to faster phasic development. With increase in stress intensity,
a progressive and significant decrease in yield and yield attributing traits were noted in all wheat varieties. Late
planting of wheat is one of the major reasons for yield reduction, since about 60% of the wheat crop is
cultivated at late sowing conditions after harvesting the transplanted rice. In India, late planting of wheat
exposes it to high temperature at reproductive stage causing reduction of the number of kernels per spike and the
size. So we conclude that membrane stability index (MSI) is the major parameter of screening wheat varieties
for heat tolerance trait.

PP-17: Energy conservation using fuzzy logic a review

D. C. Pandey, Saurabh Mishra and Anamika Bhatia
dineshkec1981@gmail.com, saurabhmishra2004@gmail.com, anamikajain2829@gmail.com

Energy being an important element of the infrastructure sector has to be ensured its availability on sustainable
basis. On the other hand, the demand for energy is going manifold and the energy sources are becoming scarce
and costlier. Among the various strategies to be evolved for meeting energy demand, efficient use of energy
and its conservation emerges out to be the least cost option in any given strategies, apart from being
environmentally benign. In this paper an exercise has been done to show how effectively and efficiently the
energy can be utilized in various applications using fuzzy logic controller.

PP-18: Aerostats using solar panels
Anil Agrwal and Agrani Sharma
TRUBA Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Bhopal, M.P., India
anilagrawal1990@yahoo.com, prfctshn@gmail.com

This paper describes about the exploitation of solar energy at higher altitude may be simpler in engineering/
83

mechanical terms, and provide a very predictable/reliable source. The concept of the aerostat of solar power
generation (ASPG) is then introduced and section on costing shows how this concept could provide a viable
method to harvest solar energy and to transform into electricity for ground user.
An aerostat is lighter than air object that can stay stationary in the air. An aerostat main structural component is
its envelope, a lightweight skin containing a lifting gas to provide buoyancy, to which other components are
attach. Technically aerostats are capable of providing aerostatics lift is capable of providing aerostatic lift in
that force upward arise without the movement through the surrounding air mass. This contrast with the
aerodynamic lift which require the movement of at least some parts of the aircraft through the surrounding air
mass. However in reality most aerostats (excepts spherical balloons) obtain lift from both aerodynamic lift and
pure gas lift at some time or other.

PP-19: Effect of PVP, PVA and POLE surfactants on the size of iridium nanoparticles

Anjali Goel
*
and Neetu Rani
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya,
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
anjaligoel10@gmail.com

Nano-materials are currently gaining a lot of prominence due to their unique properties and applications in
various fields. Much information is available in the literature on the synthesis and applications of these
materials. The synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles is a research area of big interest, especially since these
materials have very interesting optical, magnetic and catalytic properties. Commonly transition metal nano
particle are synthesized by physical, chemical or electrochemical methods. In the present work colloidal iridium
nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method with different surfactants like poly vinyl
pyrrolidone (PVP), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly oxyethylene lauryl ether (POLE). It was found that
shapes and size of Ir-nano particles resulted were related to kind of capping agent (surfactant) used. The
characterization of the synthesized nano particle has been carried out by different technique like UV-vis, X-ray
differaction (XRD), FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM)
techniques. UV-vis and FT-IR confirms the reduction of IrCl
3
into IrO
2
while XRD confirms the amorphous
nature of the iridium nanoparticles synthesized. The morphology and size of the particle was confirmed by SEM
& TEM. The average particle size determined by Scherror equation was about 4.12 nm to 4.23 nm with PVP,
2.74 to 3.36 nm with PVA and 20.41 to 42.25nm with POLE under same experimental condition. Poly oxy
lauryl ether particles were not further analyse because its size is very large in comparison to PVA, PVP. Further
particle size was confirmed with TEM, which was 4.5 nm with PVP, and 7.0 nm with PVA. The particles are
spherical with no agglomeration tendency.

PP-20: Explorations of facultative marine fungus aspergillus flavus for green synthesis
of silver nanoparticles

Anjana K. Vala
*
and Rajesh Patel
Department of Physics, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
anjana_vala@yahoo.co.in

Nanomaterials have been an area of immense interest due to their application potentialities in various fields.
Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is very promising and eco friendly. Attempts have been made for
biosynthesis of nanoparticles, however, marine microorganisms are less explored despite their unique traits.
This study was carried out with a view to explore the potential of facultative marine fungus Aspergillus flavus
for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. When challenged with different concentrations of silver nitrate, the test
fungus synthesized silver nanoparticles intracellularly, as revealed by visual inspection, UV spectrophotometry,
XRD and TEM analyses.

PP-21: Status of water quality of Haridwar district

Anju Bhatnagar and Radhey Shyam
Department of Chemistry, D. B. S. P. G. College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
anju_bhatnagar_2007@ yahoo.com, radhey246_shyam@yahoo.co.in
Uttarakhand is one of recently formed state in India. The state has 92 % of area under hilly terrain and rest in the
planes. Haridwar emerges as a place where huge possibility of industrialization and urbanization occurs. The
growth of industries and human density increases day by day and its impact are also seen on environment of
84
surrounding region. The study reveals that the drinking water quality is one of factor which affected so much.
Various parameter including physico-chemical parameter like temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity which
indicates the quality of water have been determined by using respective instrumental methods. Total solid and
total dissolved solids etc. were determined using standard gravimetric methods. The chemical parameter which
includes total hardness, inorganic ions, alkalinity, chloride, sulphates have been determined using standard
procedures. The inorganic ions are SO
4
, Cl, NO
3
, PO
4
, HCO
3
, Ca, Na, Mg, K content of water was determined.
Chemical oxygen demand which is parameter of organic constituents in water samples were determined by open
reflux method. s95% of total cations are Ca and Mg together while 69% of total anions is bicarbonate followed
by SO4 (15%). The study result shows that water is slightly basic in nature with a pH value is 7.8. The electrical
conductivity is in the range of 158 l/cm to1240 l/cm. All ions were compared with BIS standard of drinking
water quality in order to ascertain it suitability for drinking water.

PP-22: Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of novel dicationic triazoles
as potent anti-malarial agents using multivariate statistical approach

Ankita Agarwal
*
, Ruchi Mishra and Sarvesh Paliwal
Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
aankita72@yahoo.com

The QSAR study was conducted on 60- dicationic 1, 4-Diphenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with antimalarial activity
using multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The statistical values from both
the techniques were analyzed and compared to establish the good predictability of the models obtained. The
MLR and PLS generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values, r, r
2
,
r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) and F and S values, were 0.936, 0.876, 0.844, 0.878 and 69.336, 0.293, respectively, for MLR
and r
2
, r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) and statistical significance value were 0.863, 0.816, 0.841 and 0.991, respectively, for
PLS, were satisfactory. The results obtained from this study indicate that the steric descriptor (Verloop B2 and
B5 parameters), electronic descriptor (bond dipole moment) and number of hydrogen bond donors play an
important role in determining the anti-malarial activity of the compounds

PP-23: Importance of Green Computing in the Field Of Telecommunication

Nidhi Puri, Anubha Chauhan and Prerna Puri
Department Of Computer Science, G. B. Pant Engg. College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
nidhipuri22@gmail.com, anubha.c2007@gmail.com, prerna.sonipuri@gmail.com

Green Computing or Green IT refers to environmentally computing. Green Computing includes the
implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced
resource consumption.The field of "Green Technology encompasses a broad range of subjects from new
energy-generation techniques to the study of advanced materials to be used in our daily life.Green technology
focuses on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by the
Earths growing population.Mainly this means creating fully recyclable products, reducing pollution, proposing
alternative technologies in various fields, and creating a center of economic activity around technologies that
benefit the environment. Now in paper, we have applied concept of green computing in the field of
Telecommunication.The telecommunications industry was one of the first to adopt data mining
technology.Telecommunications companies also generate and store an extensive amount of data related to the
operation of their networks.Numerous data mining applications have been deployed in the telecommunications
industry. However, most applications fall into one of the following three categories: marketing, fraud detection,
and network fault isolation and prediction.

PP-24: Application of Mn(II) Catalysed Periodate Oxidation of o-anisidine -Microgram
determination of o-anisidine

Anuj Kumar, Purnima Sundriyal and Manmeet Kaur
anuj3515kumar@yahoo.co.in

The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-anisidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to
catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the
absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and
85
spectroscopic studies, is methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic
strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of o-
anisidine in the range 2. 463924.8565 g/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, percentage
recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. An attempt has been made for
proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.

PP-25: Adverse Health Effects of Low Frequency Radiation Emitted by CRT TV/ PC
Screen on Human Blood Tissues

Anuj Tyagi
1*
, Vijay Kumar
1
and P. P. Pathak
2
1
Department of Physics, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
anuj_physics@hotmail.com

The interaction of electric and magnetic fields with biological matter has been studied by scientific community
about last three decades. Penetration of low frequency electric field emitted by CRT TV/ PC screen into human
blood was studied. The radiation of CRT TV/ PC screens are expanded in the atmosphere surrounding us in our
home and penetrated into the human body, where field was reduced exponentially with depth. As the reduction
in the field was due to the absorption of energy of low frequency electric field, penetrated electric field and
current density of different layers of blood was calculated and compared with the permissible limit given by
International Commission of Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and World Health Organization
(WHO). When a biological body is exposed to low frequency EMF, its penetrated inside the body. The CRT
TV/PC screens are radiated electromagnetic waves of frequencies of five ranges as (10-3066) Hz, (10-54) Hz,
(54-606) Hz, (606-3066) Hz and 120Hz. study of this work results that watching of TV at 50 cm distance is
more dangerous than 250 cm distance. It was found that electric field emitted by CRT TV/PC screen at some
specific distance and heights are harmful for the life of tissues of different layers of blood.

PP-26: E-waste management: a global need

Archana Gokhale
1*
and Dharamveer Sharma
2
1
Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

2
Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India

gokhale_a@yahoo.com, dveer72@hotmail.com

Electronic waste in general may be defined as all the discarded electronic machines, computers, office
electronic equipments, electronic entertainment devices, mobile phones, microwave ovens, television sets, air
conditioners, refrigerators, electronic toys, VCRs, stereos, fax machines, electric lamps, batteries etc. E-wastes
are considered highly dangerous, as certain components of some electronic products contain materials such as
heavy metals and non biodegradable materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. The
hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human health and environment. Discarded electronic items
if not disposed properly can leach lead, cadmium, mercury and other substances into soil and ground water
resulting in soil air and water pollution. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an
environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem.
Over the years, E-waste has emerged as a global problem due to the problems of its high speed of accumulation
and slow rate of disposal. The rapid advancement in the electronic devices and their low initial cost leads to the
ever accumulation of e-waste resulting in ever growing environment problem due to threat to eco system. The
problem has attained serious levels in the developing countries like india as developing countries have become a
favorite destination for developed countries for the disposal and dumping of their hazardous e-waste in a easier
manner in comparison to their own countries. Further the open disposal and unsafe recycling of the electronic
items in the unorganized sector has increased the negative effect of electronic pollution at an alarming levels. At
the same time the harmful effect of electronic waste pose a serious threat to the human health in the form of
various ailments and diseases.
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is an emerging problem given the volume of e-waste being generated and the
content of toxic and hazardous materials in them. The Basel Convention has identified e-waste as hazardous,
and developed a framework for controls on trans-boundary movement of such waste. The Basel Ban, an
amendment to the Basel Convention that has not yet come into force, would go one step further by prohibiting
the export of e-waste from developed to industrializing countries.
This paper highlights the global e-waste problem and how it could be managed or reduced by means of proper
recycling, reusing and disposal.

86
PP-27: Green computing: an environment friendly approach toward computing

Archana Gokhale
1*
and Dharamveer Sharma
2
1
Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
2
Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India

gokhale_a@yahoo.com, dveer72@hotmail.com

The 21
st
century is the century of IT revolution, advanced computers, and other electronic items. Due to rapid
technological advancements, excessive dependence and tremendous use of electronic items; carbon emission,
global warming, climate change and saving our environment and ecology have become hot issues. Public as
well as private sectors and societies have a new important agenda of tackling environment issues and adopting
environment friendly practices in the sector of computing as well. What we realize is that computer is for faster
analysis, speeder calculation, medium to use the wealth of the knowledge of the internet, the instantaneous
communication, the sophisticated tools that help us work and create and share and to solve more and more
complex problem. At the same time computers also contribute environment problems which most of us dont
realize. To reduce computers environmental problems and to create a sustainable environment we need to move
towards Green Computing. We are legally, ethically and socially required to save our environment and ecology
and move towards green computing. The progress in the field of computer hardware has been achieved
tremendously but looking at the green perspective, work has rarely begun. In reality development of green
computing started lately. Green computing or Green IT means environmentally sustainable computing. It is also
defined as the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers and associated
subsystems such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently
and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Green Computing or Green IT benefits the
environment by improving energy efficiency, lowering green house gas emissions using less harmful materials
and encouraging reuse and recycling of the various components of electronic waste. The goals of green
computing are to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's
lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and electronic waste. This paper
highlights the impact of green computing on our environment. Further how the fast pace of IT Revolution has
created several serious environmental issues which needs to be solved with help of green approach towards the
computing.

PP-28: Emblica officinalis (Amla): Physico-Chemical and fatty acid analysis from arid
zone of Rajasthan

Arun Arora, Indresh Kumar and Jitendra Singh
Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
arun170364@yahoo.com, indresh.mudgal@gmail.com, jeet.chem07@gmail.com

Emblica officinalis (Amla) is widely used in the Indian system of medicine and believed to increase defense
against diseases. The physico-chemical analysis and fatty acid compositions of Emblica officinalis (EO) seed oil
obtained from arid zone of Rajasthan, which has important medicinal uses. Studied plant was described in
details for various features and their identities were confirmed. Ethno botanical uses were recorded by
interacting with locals. The fatty acid profile of seeds was analysed from the arid zone of Rajasthan. The seeds
yield a fixed oil (18%) which is brownish-yellow in colour. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of Emblica
officinalis were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The fatty acid composition
found is linolenic (11.8%), linoleic (51.0%), oleic (26.4%), stearic (3.1%), palmitic (2.3%) and myristic (3.6%).

PP-29: Removal of Victoria Blue B from aqueous solution

Arun Kant and Monika Datta
*
monikadatta_chem@yahoo.co.in, arun107941@gmail.com

In the present work local sand sample from Varanasi was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Victoria Blue
B (Basic Blue-26) from aqueous solution. This dye acts as a source of pollutant and exerts hazardous effects on
natural resources and human beings. The removal of this dye from aqueous solution was studied onto the sand
sample as a function of-pH of the dye solution contact time initial dye concentration, and amount of adsorbent
The characterization of both natural and washed sand sample was performed by XRD, TGA, and FTIR
techniques. Complete removal of the dye from the aqueous solution was found to occur at lower concentrations.
87
It was found that the percentage dye adsorption increases with increase in the amount of the adsorbent. The
results demonstrate that untreated sand sample act as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Victoria Blue B
Dye.
PP-30: Future of green computing & hazards management in India

Sandip Vijay
1
, Arun Kumar
2
, Krishna Kumar
3
and Rachna Shah
4

1
DIT Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
2
DCET, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

3
Motilal Nehru NIT Allahabad, U.P., India

4
NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
arun_aec7271@yahoo.co.in, krishnanitald@gmail.com

Green computing refers to environmentally sustainable computing. In the article Harnessing Green IT:
Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as the Study and practice of
designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystemssuch as
monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively
with minimal or no impact on the environment. The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry;
reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote
the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste.
In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labelling program that is
designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other
technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. The term
"green computing" was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began; there are several
USENET posts dating back to 1992 that use the term in this manner. Concurrently, the Swedish organization
TCO
Development launched the TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions from
CRT-based computer displays; this program was later expanded to include criteria on energy consumption,
ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in construction.

PP-31: Protection and maintenance of red hot in extra high voltage system and impact
on eco-system

R. K. Dawre
1
and Aruna Rani
2

1
Power Transmission of Uttarakhand Ltd.

2
Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
Rajkumar.dawre@gmail.com, arunavin_raj@yahoo.co.in

In the practical yard of 132/220/400 KVA substation. Where The clamps, take-off assembly, LT and HT
Bushing bus bar and concerning point are designed at 765KV. The red hot occur due to temperature
enhancement due to variation in flow of current in extra high voltage transmission line. The protection and
maintenance of red-hot becomes easier by installing the Thermo-vision cameras in switch yard at various
locations. If temperature exceeds the proposed system will give an alarm the location will be allocated and shut
down will be taken immediately.

PP-32: Latest concept of anti-fog disc in extra high voltage transmission line

R.K. Dawre
1
and Aruna Rani
2

1
Power Transmission of Uttarakhand Ltd., Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Computer Sc. And Engineering, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, India
Rajkumar.dawre@gmail.com, arunavin_raj@yahoo.co.in

Transmission grid is connected in state to state via transmission lines. During fog the conducting area becomes
wider due to which the standard distance between phase to phase decreases .It causes line tripping and grid
failure. The anti fog disc insulator is capable to protect the transmission lines from moisture occurred due to fog
and rain. The electric Systems are always eco friendly and helps in protecting earth in various ways.

88
PP-33: In vitro seed germination studies inQuercus serrata Thunb.: An important

central Himalayan tasar oak

Aseesh Pandey
*
and Sushma Tamta
Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal campus, Kumaun University, Uttarakhand, India
ashishpandey1986@gmail.com

Oaks are essentially propagated through seed, but natural regeneration through seed is poor. Seeds of Quercus
species are not remain viable for long time and they are very difficult to store because of seed born disease and
wood boring insects are major threat for these species in natural regeneration. Quercus serratais a deciduous
treebelongs to family Fagaceae and known for its leaves which are used in silk worm rearing in tasar silk
production. This study was conducted to find out the effective way to improve germination rate. Among
employed experiments; stratification, scarification, effect of light conditions, effect of media and effect of PGRs
forin vitro seed germination enhancement. It was found that seeds in WP media containing BAP + IAA, in
yellow PAR lights showed significantly improved results in all parameters recorded like less germination time,
percent seed germination and no. of shoots/seed.

PP-34: In-situ incorporation of Sugar Industry Raw material Waste and impact on
Physical and manurial value of soil environment

Ashutosh Mishra
1
, M. P. Sharma
2
, M. Z. Khan
1
and Archana Trivedi
3
2
Indian Institute Of Sugarcane Research, Rae Bareli Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, U.P.,India
India
3
Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, U.P., India
ashutosh.iisr@gmail.com

Sugarcane trash (dried leaves of cane) a waste product of sugar industry raw material left over in the field after
harvest, is a potential source of organic matter. At a minimum level of assessment, it is capable of adding 14 kg
N, 63 kg P
2
O
5
and 32 kg K
2
O per hectare. Normally, this precious material is burnt in the field to facilitate
subsequent cultural operations in a succeeding ratoon crop. There is a need to change this evil practice.
Researches have proved that chopped trash is decomposed quickly, if buried / mixed in soil, simultaneously
with the use of certain amendments/ fungal culture. It ultimately leads to the formation of a highly colloidal,
very slow degradable compound known as humus. Formation of this compound is capable of improving the
physical and chemical properties of soil Present study was conducted as a possible alternative method for the
current practice of open air burning of post harvest sugarcane residue and their by polluting the environment. A
residue incorporate mechanical device was developed, which chops trash into 1 to 2 cm long bits. Eight tone of
trash per hectare was incorporated into soil with two doses of N (75kg and 150 kg), and aztobacter (10
4
No)
Soil sample were draws periodically at 0 (before giving treatment), 90,180,270,360 days of incubation. Trash
with 8 t/ha with aztobactor and N 75kg/ha gives significantly improved the physical properties of soil.

PP-35: Synthesis and spectral studies of mn(ii) complexes with a new azamacrocyclic
ligand

Sulekh Chandra
1*
, Deepali Jain
2
,

Anupma
1
, Garima Pandey
3
and Ashutosh Singh
3

1
Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

2
Department of Chemistry, D. N. College, Meerut, U. P., India

3
Department of Science and Humanities, SRM University, NCR, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
schandra_00@yahoo.com, ashutosh.luckysingh@gmail.com

The complexes of Mn(II) ) were synthesized with the new aza-macrocyclic ligand. The ligand [ LC: 1,5,8,12-
tetraaza-2,3,4,9,10,11-hexamethyl-6(7),13(14)-di(bromopyridine) ]was prepared by the reaction of 3-methyl-
2,4-pentadione and 5-bromo-2,6diamino-pyridine. All the complexes have been found to have general
composition [M(L)X
2
] [where M = Mn(II) and X = Cl
-
,& NO
-
3
, ]. All the complexes are characterized by the
conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass, I.R,EPR and electronic spectral
studies. An octahedral geometry was assigned for Mn(II) complexes . The biological actions of the ligand and
complexes have been screened in vitro against different pathogenic fungi and several bacteria to study their
comparative capacity to inhibit the growth.

89
PP-36: Toxicity studies of Albizia lebbek (l.) Benth for the estimation of haematological
parameters

Ashwani K Jangra
1*
, Neetu A Jangra
2
, Peeush Singhal
1
and Kapil K Goel
1

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
GVM College of pharmacy, Sonipat, Haryana, India
ashwanipharma03@gmail.com

Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth is belong to the family leguminosae. Extraction of dried stem stem bark was done with
soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, alcohol, chloroform solvent. Extracts were evalualated for acute and
sub-acute toxicity studies. Various parametes such as motor reflex, behavioural pattern, lethality,
haematological, body weight and food intake were observed. For acute toxicity study healthy swiss albino mice
of either sex (n=6, 3 females and 3 males), weighing 20-25 g, divided in each group, were fasted for 18 hrs
overnight were used for the study. The mice were administered the sample extract orally in increasing dose of
250, 500, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. Then the animals were continuously observed for 2hrs for any
gross behavioral, neurological or autonomic toxic effects and for any lethality after 24 to 72hrs. Various
haematological parameters such as Bleeding time (min), Clotting time (sec), Total WBC/mm
3
, Total RBC/mm
2
,
and Haemoglobin (mg/dl) were estimated on 15
th
day of the experiment.

PP-37: Modulation of synthetic parameters of Zinc nanoparticles

Avdhesh Kumar and Sulekh Chandra
*

Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College ,University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
avdheshlodhi@gmail.com, schandra_00@yahoo.com

Benzildiethylenetriamine was used as a reducing agent to prepare Zn nanostructures. Benzildiethylenetriamine
was prepared by mixing the ethanolic solution of diethylenetriamine and benzil. The reducing agent was
characterized by using CHNS analysis, IR, NMR and Mass spectral studies. These studies focus on the
modulation of synthetic parameters in order to influence the size, structure, composition and arrangement of
nanoparticles of Zinc. Zinc nanoparticles were synthesized by refluxing ethanolic solution of
benzildiethylenetriamine and Zinc nitrate at 80
o
C with constant stirring. The morphology and structure of the
synthesized nanoparticles of zinc were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Powder X-
ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectrum analysis (EDS), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and
Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The results show that nanoparticles of zinc are of high purity and 20 nm in size. The
scheme for preparation shall be discussed in detail.

PP-38: A simple and effective method of the synthesis of nanosized CuO particles

Avnish Kumar Arora and Pankaj Kumar
Department of chemistry, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
aroradcy@gmail.com

Nanosized metal oxide namely copper oxide has been synthesized by precipitation method and characterized by using
XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and Magnetic Measurements techniques. XRD
studies show that copper oxide was formed as CuO and it has monoclinic structure. Magnetic measurements showed
copper oxide has one unpaired electron and is paramagnetic in nature. The particle size of the synthesized copper oxide
was determined by TEM. TEM images show that the size of particles of CuO varied from 12nm to 35nm which is in
good agreement of the theoretically predicted size of nanomaterials. This method is convenient, easy and effective in
comparison to the known methods of the synthesis of nanomaterials like thermal decomposition of precursors, co-
implantation of metal and oxygen ions and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis.

PP-39: Qualitative and Quantitative Terpenoid Diversity in Himalayan Salvia species

B. S. Bisht
1*
and K. K. Pandey
2
1
Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
2
Deparment of Biotechnology, Govt. M. B. P. G. College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
bbbantychem@gmail.com
The genus Salvia (Lamiaceae), is a cosmopolitan assemblage of nearly 1,000 species showing a remarkable
diversity in growth forms, secondary compounds, floral morphology and pollination biology. Salvia
90
phenomenon is one of the best known and well-studied examples of allopathy. Salvia is a large genus of
aromatic and ornamental herbs and shrubs distributed in temperate and subtropical regions. Twenty-four species
have been reported in India with great variation in their habitat and color of flowers.
The essential oil of Salvia species has been noticed as good inhibitor for the corrosion of steel and the inhibition
efficiency increases with both the concentration of inhibitor and the temperature. These natural oils act on steel
surface as anodic inhibitor. It shows the green inhibition effect towards the corrosion of steel. The corrosion rate
of steel is decreased in the presence of natural oil.
The fresh aerial parts of Salvia leucantha Cav. and Salvia hians Royle ex. Benth Were collected from Chopta
(3000m), Rudraprayag and Salvia lanata Roxb. and Salvia coccinea L. were collected from Nainital (2000m).
The plant specimens were identified at BSI, Dehradun and voucher specimen has been deposited in the
Phytochemistry lab, Chemistry department, Kumaun University Nainital. The plant material (2 kg each) was
subjected to steam distillation. The distillates were extracted with n-hexane and dichloromethane. The organic
phases were dried over anhydrous Na
2
SO
4
and the solvent was distilled off. The major compounds were isolated
by fractionation of the essential oil on silica gel CC (230-400 mesh, Merck, 600 25 cm column).
The GC and GC-MS screening of the extract from the aerial parts of Salvia species alltogether showed over 80
constituents, of which 44 constituents were identified on the basis of their GC retention index, MS data and
1
HNMR constituting 91.2% of S. leucantha, 93.1% of S. lanata, 91.5% of S. hians and 95.7% of S. coccinea.
The oil of S. leucantha Cav. was marked by dominant presence of sesquiterpenoids (54.3%), the major
sesquiterpene as spathulenol. Monoterpenoids constituted 36.9% of the oil with bornyl acetate as the single
major compound. On the other hand S. lanata and S. hians were also characterized by the dominant pressence of
sesquiterpenoids which showed significant variation in their sesquiterpenoid content in comparison with other
Salvia species which have been investigated in the present study. The oil of S. lanata and S. hians was
dominated by the presence of germacrene-D but the other terpenoid constituents showed qualitative as well as
quantitative diversity in their presence. S. coccinea was characterized by the dominant presence of 1,8-cineole
(28.4%) while it was not found in S. leucantha and S. lanata even in traces. The monoterpenoids constituted
60.5% of the total oil of S. coccinea and 36.9% of the oil of S. leucantha which was amounting only 6.1% of the
oil of S. hians and 4.5% of the total oil of S. lanata. The major compounds were isolated and identified on the
basis of its MS and
1
HNMR data.

PP-40: Analysis of Heavy Metals Contents accumulated in Seed Oil of Plant
Datura Alba of Arid Zone

R.S.Sindal, Arun Arora
*
, Beena Aswani and Sushama Khemnani
beenaaswani@gmail.com

The objective of the study is analysis of the heavy metal concentration in seed oil of datura and adverse effects
of heavy metals on plants from arid resources. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements, and are present in
varying concentrations in all ecosystems. There are a huge number of heavy metals. They are found in elemental
form and in a variety of other chemical compounds. The main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals are
various industrial processes, mining, foundries, and smelters, combustion of fossil fuel and gasoline, and waste
incinerators. Datura plant is selected for study is a medicinal plant. Fatty acid analysis was done. Methyl
linoleate was found in highest concentration (16.22%) among the identified analytes of interest. In addition
methyl esters of Palmitic acid (6.59%), Oleic acid (5.41%) and Stearic acid (1.35%) were found. An atomic
absorption spectroscopic method has been used for the determination of concentration of metals (Cd ,Zn,
Fe, Ni and Pb) in seed oil sample of datura alba after open vessel digestion found near contaminated region. The
concentrations of metals Cd (42.65g/L), Fe (21.53g/L), Pb (28.05g/L), Zn (17.24g/L) and Ni (1.05g/L)
were observed. The presence of trace metals such as Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn are known to have adverse
effects on the growth of plants and human health.

PP-41: Hydro power potential and environmental impacts assessment: A case study on
small hydropower project from Himachal Pradesh, India

Bhanu Pratap
1*
and V. Jeeva
2

1
Centre of Glaciology, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, India
2
Environment Management Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, India
bhanuglacio@gmail.com
The hydro-electric power potential in Himachal Pradesh is estimated at 20,386 MW, which is 24.27% of Indias
total potential. Of this, 6,045 MW (29.65%) has been harnessed so far, 2720.5 MW (13.34%) is under
91

execution. Techno-economic feasibility studies are complete for 3,011 MW and in the process of completion for
3,671.5 MW. The Satluj basin is targeted for heaviest exploitation with 9420 MW projects spread over 37
locations. Beas basin comes next with 4,582 MW, spread over 26 locations. Ravi and Chenab basins account for
5042MW spread over 46 locations together. Yamuna basin straddles two states (Himachal and Uttaranchal) and
accounts for 591.5MW spread over 12 locations. Out of 115 projects, 23.5% (27) are large (over 200 MW),
37.4% (43) are medium sized (50-200MW), and 45 are of under 50MW capacity. Satluj, Beas and Ravi basins
account for 72.17% medium and large projects. The hydropower under Clean Development Mechnaism is
gaining importnace and accordingly the hydropower policies are defined in state where there is potentail. The
small hydro power projects in High Mountain have positive impact in terms of generation of power to meet the
state grid or the local or private and also in emission reduction under CDM. However, needs clear policy issues
related Physical, Biological and social Environment. The study carried out in Marhi mini hydro power project
in manali, Rohtang pass, (Himachal Pradesh), for the generation of 5 MW and its impact on various
environment clearly calls for incorporation of conservation of environmental condition keeping in view the
snowline depletion and melt water distribution over the catchment in high Himalayas.

PP-42: Influence of Walnut leaf extracts on seed germination and seedling vigour of
Ricebean (vigna umbellata) under mid hills of Uttarakhand

Birendra Prasad
*
, Abhishek Bahuguna and Sandhya Bahuguna
College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
prasadbsst@gmail.com
Influence of seed germination and seedling vigour of ricebean (Vigna umbellata.) variety (cv. PRR 1)
recommended for hills under West Himalayan agri-silvisystem assessed by Walnut leaf extracts concentrations.
Seven treatments comprised of distilled water (Control =0%), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120%
concentration of leaf extracts were treated. 100 seeds of each treatment were placed separately in pre-sterilized
petri-dishes with two fold filter paper at the bottom. The experiment was laid out in CRD with three
replications. 12 ml distilled water each of control and seven concentration of leaf extracts were added in each
Petri-dish on first day and 5 ml later or as and when required. The observations were recorded on 8
th
day. The
effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive indicating a direct proportional relationship with concentration
dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling vigour parameters. Invariably there was a
decrease in germination at first count and final count, length of root, shoot and seedling, seedling fresh and dry
weight, vigour index (I and II) and relative growth index (RGI) with increasing aqueous extracts concentration
on germinating Ricebean. It was found that seed germination and seedling vigour were influenced negatively by
walnut leaf extracts in concentration dependent manner and maximum value were obtained for control and
minimum for 120% treatment. Result depicted that germination percent varied from (90.33 to 96.00 %), root
length (3.34 to 5.09 cm), shoot length (1.53 to 4.82 cm), fresh weight (1.64 to 2.60 g), dry weight (0.62 to 0.96
g), vigour index I (441.21 to 893.43 %) and vigour index II (55.70 to 92.16 %) having considerable variation. It
is might be due to walnut (Juglans regia L.) have phytotoxic effects on certain plants and toxic principle of leaf
extract is Juglone (5-OH-1, 4 naphthoquinone), an allelo-chemicals which is present in leaves, hulls and inner
root bark.

PP-43: Molecular Interaction Study of Galactose + DMF-H
2
O+NaCl System at 298, 308
and 318 K

Rita Mehra
*
and Brij Bihari Malav
Acoustic and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
mehra_rita@rediffmail.com, brijmalav@gmail.com

Thermophysical properties are useful for characterization of molecular interactions and to understand the effect
of temperature and salt on the interactions of galactose in mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-
H
2
O+NaCl. Physical properties density (), viscosity (), sound speed (u) and refractive index (n
D
) at varying
concentrations of galactose from m= 0.0105-0.1045 at different temperature have been determined using
precalibratedbicapillarypycnometer, Ostwalds viscometer, Abbes refractometer and single frequency
ultrasonic interferometer at 2 MHz frequency respectively. The derived parameters like adiabatic
compressibility (), acoustic impedance (Z), absorption coefficient (/f
2
),apparent molal volume (
v
), free
volume (V
f
), intermolecular free length (L
f
), acoustical relaxation time ( ), Gibbs free energy (G), internal
92

pressure (
i
), Raos constant (R
m
), Wadas constant (W) and molar refractivity (R
D
) have been determined from
experimental data. All the measurements have been carried out in a thermostatically controlled water bath with
circulating medium having accuracy of 0.1Cl.

PP-44: Phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants

Charu C. Pant
*
, A. B. Melkani and Lalit Mohan
pantcharu25@gmail.com

The genus Teucrium and Aechmenthara are widely distributed in Uttarakhand. About Three species of Teucrium
and only one species of genus Aechmenthara have been reported to grow in Uttarakhand. The fresh whole Arial
part of Teucrium quardrifarium Buch-Hum and Aechmenthara gossypina (Wall) ex. Nees on steam distillation
gave 0.7g and 0.95g of oil respectively (yield0.07% and 0.08% by weight). The oil samples were analyzed by
GC and GC-MS under identical experimental parameter. The various constituent of the oil were identified on
the basis of there RI value and by comparison of there mass spectra. The main constituent of T. quardrifarium
were identified - caryophyllene (38.3%) , germacrene D (9.4%) , - humulene (5.9%) , 1- octane-3-ol (0.7%)
and linalool (1.5%). The monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted 14.4%, monoterpenoids 2.3%, sesquiterpene
hydrocarbon 77.6% and oxygenated sesquiterpene constituent 4.3% of the oil. Similarly the main constituent of
the essential oil A. gossipina - caryophyllene is (9.5%), germacrene D (9.9%), kesene (8.3%), guaiol
(30.0%), -muurolal (10.5%) and - guaiene (4.5%). The oil was found rich in oxygenated sesquiterpene
hydrocarbon 55.7%, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 30.1% , and oxygenated monoterpene 2.6%, Both oil shows
significant antimicrobial activity against Bacterial and fungal pathogen.

PP-45: Antibacterial activity of volatiles of Cyclospermum leptophyllum and
Cinnamomum glanduliferum against animal and plant pathogens

Charu Singh
*
and Chitra Pande
singhcharuche@gmail.com

The essential oil composition of Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson syn.
Apium leptophyllum(Pers.) F. Muell. Ex Benth., family Apiaceae (Umbellifereae) and Cinnamomum
glanduliferum Meissn. family Lauraceae was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Antimicrobial activity of the oil
was evaluated by disc diffusion and tube dilution methods (MIC).
The oil of C. leptophyllum was dominated by monoterpenes, which account for 89.4% of the oil. The study
indicates the presence of high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (78.7%) of which the main constituents
were thymohydroquinon dimethyl ether (62.0 %), thymol methyl ether (9.2 %) and carvacrol methyl ether (7.5
%). The oil of C. glanduliferum shows the presence of 1, 8-cineole (41.42%), -pinene (20.28%), -terpineol
(9.4%), germacrene D-4-ol (6.1%) and -thujene (5.10%) as major constituents. The oils were evaluated for
antibacterial activity against two Gram positive (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-
negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia herbicola, Aeromonas salmonicida and Escherchia coli).
Cyclospermum oil showed maximum activity against E. herbicola followed by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus
while Cinnamomum oil showed considerable activity against A. salmoniuda followed by P. aeruginosa and E.
coli.

PP-46: Biodegradable Polymers from Microbes

Charu Gupta
1*
, Dhan Prakash
1
, Amar P. Garg
2
, Sudha Goyal
3
and Sneh Gupta
4

1
Amity Institute for Herbal Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
2
Department of Microbiology, C. C. S University campus, Meerut, U.P., India
3
Department of Chemistry,
4
Department of Zoology, R.G.P.G. College, Meerut, U.P., India
charumicro@gmail.com

Biodegradable polymers have significant potential in biotechnology and bioengineering. Polymers derived from
the microbial sources include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and polylactic acid (PLA). The biopolymer poly-3-
hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by certain bacteria processing glucose, corn starch or wastewater.
Its characteristics are similar to those of the petroplastic polypropylene. It produces transparent film at a melting
point higher than 130C and is biodegradable without residue. PHAs are accumulated as intracellular inclusion
93

in some bacteria under un-favourable growth condition such as limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen or
magnesium in the presence of excess supply of carbon source. Examples of some biopolymers accumulating
bacteria are Azotobacter eutrophus, A. latus and mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii. The material properties
exhibited by PHAs, ranging from stiff, brittle to rubber-like makes it a close substitute for the synthetic plastic.
Poly-hydroxyalkanoates are produced completely by microbial fermentation whereas poly-lactic acid is partially
synthesized. The monomer, lactic acid, is produced by microbial fermentation and then polymerized using
chemical catalysis. Natural polymers can be completely degraded by the microorganisms and degradation
involves enzymatic scission of the polymer chain. However, the high cost of PHAs production has restricted its
applications. Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is another 100% compostable biopolymer which can fully degrade above
60C in an industrial composting facility. PLA is used in biomedical applications such as implants, sutures, drug
delivery, tissue engineering and stent development due to its biocompatibility properties. Besides this, nylon
eating bacteria, Flavobacteria and Pseudomonas, possess enzymes (nylonase) capable of breaking down nylon.
Chitin, a linear aminoacetyl glucan, present in the shell of crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and insect cuticle. The
materials are biocompatible, and have antimicrobial activity as well as the ability to absorb heavy metal ions.
Because of their water-retaining and moisturizing ability they also find applications in the cosmetic industry.

PP-47: Investigations of Radon Exhalation Rates, Environmental Radioactivity and
Radiation Exposure from Indian Commercial Granites

Meena Mishra
1
, R. G. Sonkawade
2
, Rajendra Prasad
3
, S. A. H. Naqvi
4
and V. K. Rastogi
1

1
Department of Physics, C. C. S. University, Meerut, U.P., India
2
Inter- University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
3
Vivekananda College of Technology and Management, Aligarh, U. P., India
4
Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U. P., India.
meenaapd@yahoo.co.in

Building materials may be the possible serious source of radiation exposure if they contain large amount of
naturally occurring or man made radionuclides [1-4]. Several varieties of granites are produced and used as
building material in India.The natural radioactivity present in rocks having high radiation levels are associated
with granites. Studies of radon exhalation from building material, is important for the estimation of public
exposure as people spend most of their time indoors (80%). In the present study measurements of radon
exhalation rates for granite samples used as construction material were carried out through sealed CAN
technique using LR-115 type II detectors. Higher and wide variation in radon exhalation rates are found in the
samples. Radon activity is found to vary from 380.00 to 4258.57 Bq m
-3
with an average value of 1316.23 Bq m
-
3
,

whereas radon exhalation rate varies from 227.44 to 2548.81m Bq m
-2
h
-1
with an average value of 854.71 m
Bq m
-2
h
-1
. The variation can be correlated with the color of the granites. Effective dose equivalent, estimated
from exhalation rate varies from 26.82 to 300.56 Sv y
-1
with an average value of 100.79 Sv y
-1
. From the
activity concentrations of
238
U,
232
Th and
40
K in the granite samples, Radium equivalent activity (Ra
eq
) due to
the presence of radionuclides varies from 34.64 to 1144.84 Bq kg
-1
with an average value of 278.91 Bq kg
-1
.
Total absorbed gamma dose rates varies from 6 to 535.61 nGyh
-1
with an average value of 132.33 nGy h
-1
.
Indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rate from these granite samples vary from 0.08 to 2.63 mSv y
-1
and
0.02 to 0.66 mSv y
-1
, respectively. External hazard index, H
ex
for the granite samples studied in this work
ranges from 0.09 to 3.16 with a mean value of 0.77. Computed values of H
in
vary from 0.15 to 4.76 with an
average value of 0. 99. The results will be reported and discussed in full paper.

PP-48: An efficient synthesis of bio active Azetidinones and Thiazolidinones of 3-
methyl-1-phenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-ol

Ravindra Kumar
1*
, Abha Shukla
1
and D.S.Tyagi
2

1
2
Department of Chemistry, L. R. P. G. College, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, U.P., India
ravi_tyagi18@rediffmail.com

A series of Azetidinone; 3-chloro-1-{4-[8-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-
2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.0
3,7
]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-2-yl]phenyl}-4-aryl azetidin-2-one (3a-e)
and thiazolidinones; 3-{4-[8-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2,4,5,11,12-
pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.0
3,7
]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-2-yl]phenyl}-2-aryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (4a-e) were
synthesized using new schiff base; 2-(6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2-{4-[(E)-(arylmethylidene)amino]phenyl}-
2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.0
3,7
]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-8-yl)-5-methyl phenol (2a-e). The schiff
94
base were synthesized by the reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 2-[2-(4-aminophenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-

diphenyl-2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.0
3,7
]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-8-yl]-5-methyl phenol (1) under
microwave and conventional methods. Our results shows that the synthesis of schiff base under solvent free
microwave conditions the most efficient method of synthesis having highest yield then both conventional
method and microwave with solvent. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of
different spectroscopic (IR,
1
HNMR, Mass) and elemental (CHN) analysis techniques. Compounds (3a-e and
4a-e) were screened for their biological activities against the panel of nine bacterial strains.

PP-49: Heavy Metal Transfer in Different Vegetables among Agricultural Field

Shalini Singh
*
, Geeta Tewari and Charu Singh
Department of Chemistry, D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
shalinisinghrdr@gmail.com

Monitoring heavy metals in vegetables is one of the most frequently used methods for determining
environmental pollution. Composite soil sample and seven vegetables were collected from agricultural field of
Rudrapur. Soil physicochemical properties including percentage organic carbon, organic matter, pH, EC, CEC,
soil texture, total metal zinc, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd) content and total metal
content in vegetable samples were determined.
The investigation indicated that the heavy metals concentrations were higher in soil as compared to vegetable
samples. For the tested soil, transfer factor was highest for copper. The transfer factor of Zn was highest in
Bitter guard while of copper in Raddish. The metal concentrations in all vegetables were within the safe limits.

PP-50: Phytoremediation of tracable heavy metals from Nainital lake water

D.S. Malik and Umesh Bharti
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
malikdsgkv@gmail.com

Nainital lake, a very prominent natural water body situated in high altitude 1937 msl along with 1.4 km length,
width 0.45 km, average depth 18.7 meter and 48.0 hectare surface area. Nanital lake received a lot of domestic
and liquid waste from different residential settlement and tourist hotels. These waste materials directly drained
in lake water and significantly contributed to change the trophic status of Nainital lake. The lake water has
different heavy metals occurred in tracable quantity. The heavy metal removal from water has been approached
by using aquatic macrophytes known as Phytoremediation. The present study has conducted to examine the
heavy metals absorbance by aquatic plants (Lemna minor, Azolla pinnata and Eichhornia crassipes) under
laboratory conditions. The samples of surface water of Nanital lake were collected in summer season during
2010-11. The experiments on phytoremediation were conducted in laboratory conditions and calculated the
absorption efficiencies. The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in lake surface waters varied in the
range of 0.35-2.54, 4.8-11.2, 13.2-157.4, 0.9-3.2 and 4.0-26.1 g/l respectively. In phytoremediation processes,
the absorption efficiency of Lemna and Azolla aquatic plants were recorded in range from 50.12 to 70.04 % with
in 10, 15 and 20 days of experiments in laboratory. The absorption efficiency of heavy metal from waste water
by Azolla was found better than Eichhornia and Lemna. In the phytoremediation process, the aquatic submerged
macrophytes are more sensitive for persistent toxic metals occurring in the lake ecosystem and therefore,
significantly contributed to absorbed large quantity of existed heavy metals in water body and played pivotal
roles as good bio-indicators of toxic dangers in lake ecosystem.

PP-51: Terpenoid diversity in Himalayan Thalictrum reniforme wall

Darshan Singh and Vinod Kumar
Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry
Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
kambojdarshan@gmail.com

Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) is a genus of 120 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants.all Thalictrum
species have nectarless and apetalous flowers. Flowers have numerous stamens that are sometimes the most
conspicuous part of the flower. So far, three aporphine N-oxides have been isolated from the Ranunculaceae.
Alkaloids of the isoquinoline group, have been reported from this genus and a large number have biological
activity e.g. hypotensive, antimicrobial and antitumor properties. So far there is no report on chemical
composition of volatile extract of Thalictrum reniforme.
95
Plant materials were collected from Ghanghariya (district Chamoli), Chopta (district Rudraprayag) and Drona
village (district Chamoli), identified in Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun (BSI Acc. No. 113551). The fresh
plant materials of different places were subjected to steam distillation separately using a copper electric still,
fitted with spiral glass condensers. The distillates were saturated with NaCl and extracted with n-hexane and
dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent was distilled off in a
rotary vacuum evaporator at 30C.
The volatile extracts were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In volatile extracts of TRg, TRc and TRd we detected
more than 45 compounds out of which 24 compounds were identified constituting 89.63 % of TRg, 95.00 %
TRc and 94.89 %of TRd the total extract. Major compounds of the volatile extracts were isolated by column
chromatography and identified by 1H and 13C-NMR analysis. The major compounds of TRg, TRc and TRd
were terpenyl acetate (42.99 %), epi-laurenene (40.29 %) and -bisabolol (26.12 %) respectively. The other
constituents of the volatile extract of TRg were epi-laurenene (14.38 %), aromadendrene (7.69 %) and -trans-
terpeniol (6.37 %). Other constituents of the volatile extract of TRc were -bisabolol (18.11 %), -trans-
terpeniol (4.66 %) and -agrofuran (5.97 %). Minor constituents of the volatile extract of TRd laurenene (14.12
%), khusinol (12.43 %) and occidentalol (11.23 %). Volatile extract of Thalictrum reniforme has shown good
chemical diversity.

PP-52: Greening across the Chemistry

Deeksha Yajurvedi and Saroj Sharma
Depatment of Chemistry, R. G. P. G. College, Meerut, U.P., India
deeksha_saraswat@yahoo.co.in

Chemistry brought medical revolution till 20
th
century in which drugs and antibiotics were discovered. The
quality of life on earth become much better due to discovery of dyes, plastics, cosmetic and materials. Soon, the
ill effects of chemistry become pronounced. Which is caused mainly due to effect of by products of chemical
industries being discharged into air, river and land. This marked the beginning of green chemistry by middle of
20
th
century. Green chemistry or environmental benign chemistry is the design of chemical products and
processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substance. It is a fundamentally new
approach to environmental protection transitioning away from managing toxic chemicals at the end of the life
cycle, to reducing or eliminating their use altogether. Green chemistry advocates prevention of waste, designing
safer chemicals, maximum incorporation of reactants and minimization of hazardous products. In
pharmaceuticals; ibuprofen is active ingredient in many analgesic and inflammatory drugs. New synthesis of
ibuprofen with atom economy of 77-99% not only produces less waste, but also the number of steps are also
reduced from six to three. As a result, increased profits. Similar examples can be cited from polymer industry to
dry cleaning, bleaching and paint industry. Thus green chemistry is the utilization of set of principles that
reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design manufacture and application of
chemical products.

PP-53: Solubility enhancement of Norfloxacin and preparation of floating drug-delivery
system of microspheres with microballoons

Sugandha Varshney
1*
, Shivanand M.Patil
1
, Deepak Singh Negi
2
and Gahtori Vinod
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology

2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Gurukul Kangadi University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
sugandhavarshney19.12.86@gmail.com

Norfloxacin, a Class IV fluoroquinolone antibiotic is poorly water soluble drug. Dissolution rate is rate limiting
factor for in-vivo drug absorption. Thus, an enhancement in dissolution rate is important to attain suitable
blood-levels of these drugs. Solubility enhancement of Norfloxacin by Solid Dispersion Method using PEG 400
as carrier to improve its bioavailabilty and better therapeutic profile of drug.
Microsphere are small spherical particles, with diameters in the micrometer range (typically 1 m to 1000 m
(1 mm)). Hollow glass microspheres or microballoons, or glass bubbles have diameters ranging from 10 to 300
micrometers, are used as a light weight filler in composite materials, are light weight, low thermal conductivity,
and a resistance to compressive stress. Hollow spheres also have uses ranging from storage and slow release of
pharmaceuticals and radioactive tracers to research in controlled storage and release of hydrogen.
Thus, the present study deals with Solubility Enhancement of Norfloxacin and Preparation of Microspheres with
Microballons of Norfloxacin so as obtain a novel drug delivery system with improved solubility characteristics
and to achieve prolonged gastric residence times. Floating drug-delivery system of microspheres with
96
microballoons inside from xanthan gum (XG), HPMC K-100 M, gelatin (GA) by a water-in-oil method.
Formulations with different ratios of the polymers were prepared. The size distribution, drug-encapsulation
efficiency, floating behavior, release characteristics, and morphological properties investigated.

PP-54: In vitro antifungal activity and phytochemical profiling of leaves of calotropis
procera

Singh Negi Deepak
*
, Goel K. K., Juyal Vijay and Gahtori Vinod
jaipharma009@gmail.com

Calotropis procera commonly known as Madar or Aak, is a shrub widely distributed as a weed in India. The
plant is erect, branched and perennial with milky latex. A large quantity of latex can be easily collected from its
green parts. Local people use it successfully to combat some cutaneous fungal infections. The abundance of
latex containing alkaloids in the green parts of the plant reinforces the idea that it is produced and accumulated
as a defence strategy against organisms such as viruses, fungi and insects.
Keeping the above facts in view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity
of different extracts of C. procera leaves on fungi like Aspergillus niger and Coprinus disseminatus as well as to
assess the chemical nature of the active components present in the extracts. Methanol extract of the leaves of
Calotropis procera showed Coprinus disseminatus colony growth inhibition at very low concentration in
comparison to petroleum ether and chloroform extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether,
chloroform and methanol extracts was carried out by standard methods. Results showed the presence of
alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, tannins, and steroids. The results encourage the use of this
extract against fungal infestation after testing it in field conditions.

PP-55: A Study on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Supercritical Assisted
Synthesized Epoxy Silicon Blend

Deepak Sharma
1*
, M. G. H. Zaidi
1
, Devasri Fuloria
2
, P. L. Sah
2
and Vijai Kumar
3

1
Department of Chemistry, Supercritical Fluid Processing Laboratory, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
3
Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, U.P., India
Deepak.vikki@yahoo.com

Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy have been modified through blending of diglycidylether of
bisphenol A (0.1 mol) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at concentration ranging 1.0 to 3.0 parts per hundred
of resin at 1400 psi and 901
0
C for 1hr in supercritical carbon dioxide, followed by curing with triethylene
tetramine (10 phr) at 401
0
C.The formation of synthesized epoxy silicone blends (ESBs) has been ascertained
through Uv-vis, FT-IR, XRD spectra and scanning electron microscopy. With increasing PDMS concentration,
the compressive, and tensile strength, Rockwell hardness (R scale), fringe values and crystallinity of ESBs were
decreased with simultaneous increase in their impact strength, resistance against wear and thermal stability.

PP-56: To estimate degree of esterification of Pectic substances during fruit ripening in
Diospyros Peregrina

Deepika Chauhan
*
and P. K. Gupta
Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
cdeepika07@yahoo.com

Diospyros peregrina unanimously illustrious as Kalatendu is a moderate sized evergreen tree. It bears dark
green foliage & velvety fruits. It is cultured for ornaments. Its fruit is globular berry with a rubbery peel
containing 4-8 seeds implanted in a viscid humid pulp. It is yellow when ripe & enclosed with a corroded easily
removable untidiness fully ripe fruits have a syrupy sweet taste & are edible. The unripe fruit is acrid, bitter &
oleaginous. Diospyros is distributed in the Indian peninsula, extending Northward to Bihar, M.P. & Mumbai, &
one of the most characteristic trees of dry, mixed, deciduous forests of these regions. United States is the largest
producer, followed by West Germany, Great Britain, Denmark & Switzerland.
97
Pectic substances are plenteous, ubiquitous and multifunctional constituent of the cell walls of all land plants.
Pectin describes a family of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides that have general features, but are extremely
various in their well structures.
The study was conceded out to explore and estimate degree of esterification of pectic substances during fruit
ripening in Diospyros peregrina.

PP-57: Monitoring health risk assessment of heavy metals in seasonal vegetables

Deepshekha Punetha
*
and Geeta Tewari
punetha.deepshekha1@gmail.com

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils may lead to the disorder of soil functionality, retardation in
plant growth and influence human health through a contaminated food chain.
The present study was undertaken to examine zinc, copper, lead and nickel content in soils and vegetables
collected from different agricultural fields in Tarai region of Kumaun Himalaya. Ten surface soil (0-20 cm) and
20 vegetable samples in summer season were collected and analyzed for content of heavy metals. Heavy metal
analyses in soil and vegetables samples were performed on an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Mean
values of three replicates were taken for each determination.
Ladyfinger was found to be the best accumulator of all detected metals. The present study indicates that children
ingest significant amount of metals as compared to the adult. However, the content of these metals were below
the permissible limits except Zn content in ladyfinger collected from Bajpur. The regular monitoring these
metals in soils, vegetables and in other food items is necessary to prevent accumulation of these metals in the
food chain. There is more risk of metal accumulation in children as compared to adults.

PP-58: Estimation of Chlorpyriphos in its formulation Paraban 20% Ec By Reversed-
Phase HPLC

Deepti joshi
1
and N. K. Sand
2
1
Department of Chemistry, M. B. Govt. P. G. College, Nainital, Uttaranchal, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Collage of Basic Sciences and Humanities
G. B. pant University Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttaranchal, India
deeptiajoshi@yahoo.co.in

A new, simple, rapid and robust Reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed for estimation of active
ingredient in Chlorpyriphos formulation Paraban 20% EC. The formulation was extracted in chloroform,
dried and resuspended in acetonitrile. The clean up was performed using C
18
SPE cartridge. The active
ingredient was estimated using 5 m ODS-II column, mobile phase acetonitrile: water (75:25 v/v) and detection
at 229nm. The efficiency of cleanup method was found to be 95% and minimum limit of detection <2.5ng. The
detector response was linear with in concentration range 2.5ng 50ng at RSD 1.42%. The proposed reserved-
phase HPLC method has application for quality control and determination of the self life of commercial
formulation.

PP-59: Waste to wealth: High quality meso-porous materials from coal fly ash

M. R. Deshpande
1*
, P. P. Hundekar
1
, G.P. Kapure
2
and U. D. Joshi
1

1
2
Shri. Guru Buddhiswami College, Purna, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
dishamd1@rediffmail.com, joshiud@yahoo.com

In India the power sector has been receiving adequate priority ever since the process of planned development
began in 1950. Hydro and coal based thermal power have been the main sources of generating electricity. In our
country more than Ninety million tones of F.A. is being generated annually with more than 65000 areas of land
being occupied by Ash-ponds. In the past, fly ash produced from coal combustion was simply entrained in flue
gases and dispersed into the atmosphere. This created environmental and health hazards. World wide, more than
65% of FA produced from coal power station is disposed in Land fills and ash ponds.
The recycling of FA has become an increasing concern in recent years due to increasing Landfill costs and
current interests in sustainable development of human society from view points of energy Economy and
98
Environmental strategy. The 21

st
century has witnessed growth of porous materials with a few serendipities
successful technological surprises converting FA into useful MCM 41, 48 meso-porous materials.
This paper is mainly intended on a green, cost effective and novel synthesis method of Al-MCM-41 from FA.
The reported method gives a high degree of crystallanity, smaller crystalline size and phase purity, of Al-MCM-
41 even in the comparatively short duration. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, N
2

adsorption to determine BET surface area and pore size distribution etc. Al-MCM-41 was also synthesized using
commercial sources and compared with Al-MCM-41synthesised from fly ash in different parameters.

PP-60: Formation and Characterization of Gadolinium Oxide Generated from Different
Precursors

Devinder Singh
Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
drdssambyal@rediffmail.com

Samarium sesquioxides, Sm
2
O
3
, with B-type centered monoclinic and C-type anion-deficient fluorite structures,
have diverse applications in environmental and catalytic science. It is important as a catalyst for dehydration of
alcohols and as a catalyst support for metals used in the dehydration of 2-alkanols to 1-alkenes, as well as for
oxidative coupling of methane. It is also used as a refractory oxide in the formation of ceramic cores for
electrode applications. Moreover, it is used for producing samarium-cobalt permanent magnets. A review of
thermal decomposition properties of rare-earth salts reported that lanthanide oxides obtained from nitrate or
acetate precursors exhibit higher surface areas than those obtained from oxalate precursors.
In the present paper, gadolinium oxide was generated from different precursors and characterized by thermal
gravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Gadolinium
nitrate hexahydrate, Gd(NO
3
)
3
6H
2
O, was used as received. Calcination products were obtained by heating at
various temperatures (200600
o
C) for 1 h in air. The calcination temperatures were chosen on the basis of the
thermal analysis results. Prior to analysis, the calcination products were kept dry over silica gel. Gadolinium
oxalate decahydrate, Gd
2
(C
2
O
4
)
3
10H
2
O was prepared from Gadolinium acetate by dropwise addition of a hot
6% ammonium oxalate solution to a stirred, hot solution of gadolinium acetate dissolved in glacial acetic acid.
The resulting solution was then neutralized to pH 7 with NH
4
OH. The precipitates formed were left to stand at
room temperature for 1 h, filtered off, washed with a diluted ammonium oxalate solution, and finally dried at
80
o
C to constant weight. The calcination products were obtained by heating at various temperatures between
200 and 800
o
C in air for 1 h. The calcination temperatures were chosen on the basis of the thermal analysis
results. Thermal processes involved in the decomposition course of both salts up to 800
o
C in air were monitored
by thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis. Intermediates and final solid products were
characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that Gd(NO
3
)
3
6H
2
O
decomposes completely through endothermic mass loss processes. The dehydration occurs through the first four
steps at 95, 136, 183, and 230
o
C, culminating in a crystalline nitrate monohydrate, which subsequently
decomposes to Gd(OH)(NO
3
)
2
at 366
o
C. The latter decomposes rapidly to form a stable and crystalline
GdO(NO
3
) at 480
o
C, through nonstoichoimetric unstable intermediates. Finally Gd
2
O
3
forms at 540
o
C. For the
oxalate, the dehydration occurs in five steps: the anhydrous oxalate is thermally unstable and immediately
decomposes to Gd
2
O
3
at 650
o
C through two unstable intermediates. The crystalline oxide obtained from the
nitrate contains larger pores than the oxide obtained from the oxalate, as indicated from scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) results.

PP-61: Wound healing by magnetic field

Devendra Singh
1
, P. P. Pathak
2
and Hemendra Tripathi
2

1
Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engg. & Tech., GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
devendranagla81@yahoo.co.in

Healing is that process in which damaged cells are replaced by the new cells. It completes in four steps i.e.
Injury, inflammation, proliferation and contraction. In injury, cells and small blood vessels are damaged. The
cells die as consequence of direct damage, oxygen deficiency due to the damaged blood vessels or chemicals
released from other damaged cell. Due to this extra-cellular structure of the tissues is also damaged.
Inflammation process is basically the result of micro-circulation of the tissues reacting to injury. Proliferation
process includes the reforming of the tissues, resurfacing and provides the strength to the wound. This process
continues up to three to four weeks. In the end, remodeling and contraction process takes place. It continues
until the whole damaged area is replaced. Although wound healing recovers normally but it will take a long
99
time. When magnetic field is applied across the wound then it is seen that healing rate becomes more faster than
normal healing. The purpose of this study is to increase the healing rate.

PP-62: Energy efficient Green buildings- Sustainable Architecture & Modern Science

Sangita Banga, Dewanshu Khatana, Kunal Nain, Sanjeev kumar, Mandeep Singh and Himanshu Khatana
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manav Rachna College of Engineering, Faridabad, Haryana, India
dewanshukhatana@gmail.com

In this era of global warming and imminent climate change, where the energy conservation is directly related to
low carbon emissions, the green technologies will go on to save humanity and save this planet. One of the major
sources of energy in the future will be using energy more efficiently. Buildings, as they are designed and used
today, contribute to serious environmental problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other
natural resources. However, buildings can be designed to meet the occupants need for thermal and visual
comfort at reduced levels of energy and resources consumption.
The energy scarcity in future will be overcome by not only effective and efficient utilization of renewable
energy sources but also by reducing primary energy consumption in commercial and residential buildings. In
todays scenario, the main concern is about to incorporate energy efficiency, renewable energy and sustainable
green design features into all buildings. This research work provides an understanding of the principles, new
innovative technologies and processes used in order to enhance the performance of green building. The main
aim of energy efficient building are to deliver better comfort, quality, performance and productivity with less
money, pollution and energy wastage. In this work, an insight about the optimum utilization of non-
conventional sources of energy through judicious planning and efficient design of building on the obviating
energy wastage by reducing cooling loads, heating loads, use of natural light and natural ventilation, appropriate
rating of building, computerized building control system and computerized energy simulation software is
provided.

: Modeling photovoltaic, inverter and concentrating solar power model using
solar advisor model

Bhaskar Kandpal
,
Kunal Nain, Dewanshu Khatana, Gaurav Khatana, Yazur Rajora,
Himanshu Khatana

and Sushant Rao
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manav Rachna College of Engineering, Faridabad, India
dewanshukhatana@gmail.com

Solar Advisor Model (SAM) is an analysis tool .SAM uses measured meteorological and irradiance data as an
input to the models.The Solar Advisor Model (SAM) has been developed to support the R&D community and
the solar industry .It has proven to be a very important tool in decision making for people involved in renewable
energy industry, technology developers and researchers. Solar Advisor Model has the capability of comparing
different solar technologies with same assumptions which allows users to investigate and understand the
impact of variations in performance, cost, and financial parameters. SAM includes a model of electric
generation, which helps us to compare it with solar technologies. This paper presents an overview of PV model,
inverter modeland concentrating solar power (CSP) parabolic trough model by using Solar Advisor Model.

PP-64: Evaluation of reliability and mean time to system failure of a complex system
models by using boolean function techniques

C.K.Goel
1*
, Dhanpal Singh
2
and Baljeet Kour
3
1
Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
2
Department of Mathematics, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
3
Department of Mathematics, C. C. S. University, Merrut, U. P., India

The paper deals with the reliability analysis of a power plant system which consists of a number of components
of varying nature. The analysis of the model is performed with the help Boolean Function Technique by taking
general and non-identical life time distribution with different scale parameter
i
( i=1,2,.19) is taken as
lifetime distribution of the components. Some important measures of system effectiveness have been obtained.
A graphical study has also been carried out highlight the importance of the results. It has been assumed that the
100

failure rates for various components of the complex system follow arbitrary distribution and there is service
facility to repair the considered system. By using Boolean Function Technique solve the mathematical model of
this problem.

PP-65: Transformation of coal fly ash into value added products for potential
environmental and industrial applications

U. D. Joshi, M.R. Deshpande, P. P. Hundekar and S. Dheeraj
*

dheerajsarpatwari@gmail.com, joshiud@yahoo.com

The power requirement of the country is rapidly increasing with increase in growth of the Industrial sectors.
India depends on Thermal power as its main source (around 80% of power produced is thermal power), as a
result the quantity of fly ash produced shall also increase. Indian coal on an average has 35 % ash and this is one
of the prime factors which shall lead to increased ash production around 150 to 170 million tones / year and is
set to continue at a high rate into the foreseeable future and hence ash utilization is become critical.
One objective of this work is to investigate the potential of recovery of reactive aluminosilicate glass from fly
ash and its use as a raw material for making high surface area phases or to prepare structural micro- and meso-
porous materials for environmental and industrial applications as well.
There are three phases in fly ash from which the aluminium and silicon come from 1) Amorphous
aluminosilicate glass, 2) quartz, and 3) mullite. The aluminosilicate glass phase is the largest and most unstable
of these phases in the hydrothermal environment, and therefore has the highest rate of dissolution. The fly ash
samples were collected from two thermal power stations mainly Paril and Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra,
Fly Ash was treated with calcinations, fusion, magnetic stirring process to make it as source material. These
treated samples were analysed by XRD, IR, SEM, EDX//XRF , Chemical analysis to know its composition,
qualitive identification of the phases present in the collected Fly ash, morphological structure of ash, etc. It was
found that reactive aluminosilicate glass is major content of collected fly ash about. 70 to 85 %, The crystalline
phases found in the fly ash are mineralogical phases such as quartz, mullite and aluminosilicate glass,
amorphous material forming during the combustion process.
Faujasite type molecular sieve such as NaY, NaX are synthesised by hydrothermal method using treated fly ash
as sources material. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, N
2
adsorption to determine
BET surface area and pore size distribution etc. Well crystalline sample were used for waste water treatment
collected from surrounding areas of Sugar Industries. The removal efficiency of toxic elements using zeolite Y
from waste water increased with an increasing adsorbent dose as well as contact time.

PP-66: Syntheses and characterization of coordination compounds of Mn
II
, Cu
II
,
Zn
II
, Fe
III
and MoO
2
VI
ions with N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-C-(3'-carboxy-2'-
hydroxyphenyl) thiazolidin-4-one

Dinesh Kumar
1
and Amit Kumar
2*

1
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Haryana College of Technology & Management, Kaithal, Haryana, India
ami t _vas hi s t ha2004@yahoo. co. i n

A dry benzene solution of the Schiff base, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3'-carboxy-2'-hydroxybenzylideneimine upon
reacting with mercaptoacetic acid undergoes cyclization and forms N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-C-(3'-carboxy-2'-
hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one, LH
3
(I). A MeOH solution of I

reacts with Mn
II
, Cu
II
, Zn
II
, Fe
III
and MoO
2
VI
ions and forms the monomeric coordination compounds, [Mn(LH)(MeOH)
3
] (II), [Cu(LH)(MeOH)] (III),
[Zn(LH)(MeOH)] (IV), [FeCl(LH)(MeOH)
2
] (V) and [MoO
2
(LH)(MeOH)](VI). The coordination compounds
have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance, molecular weight, spectral (IR,
reflectance, ESR) studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. I behaves as a dibasic tridentate OOS
donor ligand in these compounds. The compounds are non-electrolytes (
M
= 6.2-13.8 mho cm
2
mol
-1
) in DMF.
A square-planar structure for III; a tetrahedral structure for IV and an octahedral structure for II, V and VI are
suggested.

101

PP-67: Municipal solid waste management in developing countries: An overview

Disha Punetha
School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
dishadear2009@gmail.com

The rapid urbanization, industrialization and unplanned colonization led to several issues of urban pollutions.
The municipal solid waste management is one of the most vital issues in urban environment particularly in
developing countries. The waste transportation, improper segregation and even non-engineered waste disposal
practices are of major concerns in developing counties. It is therefore not surprising that about one-third of
available budget of municipality is being spent over waste collection and transportations practices. This paper
present an overall scenario of municipal solid waste management practices in developing counties. The data are
provided by national and international agencies suggest that in waste management hierarchy system the main
practice is landfilling and waste recycling/reuse practices is either with community-based management system
or with private sectors. The failure of governance and insufficiency of existing infrastructure with municipality
resulted in increasing size of garbage hills around the urban locations in majority of cities/towns of developing
nations. The public awareness level and environmental education is an important component of effective solid
waste management plant and in this context the score of these parameters is relatively low in most of states of
developing region of the world. Due to shrinking of land required for ever growing garbage is another issue of
serious concern. Therefore the integrated solid waste management plant needs to implement effectively in order
to recover some community beneficial products (nutrients, energy, secondary resources etc) from MSW.

PP-68: Ionic composition of high altitude Himalayan rivers with respect to their source
of origin

Divya Goyal
1
and V. P. Semwal
2
1
Department of Biotechnology, Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G. College, New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
divyaphdaggrawal@gmail.com , mathurabhishek37@yahoo.com

Composition of major anions and cations in high altitude glacier fed River Bhagirathi is different from
comparatively lower altitude spring fed River Kosi. The average ionic composition of River Bhagirathi towards
downstream was found to be as; Ca++ > Mg++ > Na+ > K+ > NH4+ (Cations) and HCO3- > SO4
--
> Cl
-
> NO3
-
(Anions). However, sulphate ion predominates over rest of the anions in the upstream i.e. in the Gangotri valley.
Major ions of glacial melt streams and sulphur spring, located in the Bhagirathi valley were studied separately to
observe the contribution of these sources to the ionic abundance of River Bhagirathi. Ionic composition in
glacial melt streams was found to be as; Mg
++
> Ca
++
> Na
+
> K
+
> NH4
+
(Cations) and Cl
-
> HCO3
-
> SO4
--

>NO3
-
(Anions). On the other hand sulphur spring water was characterized by high concentration values with
altogether a different composition of cations i.e. Na
+
> Mg
++
> K
+
> Ca
++
> NH4
+
, whereas, anion composition
followed the same pattern as for glacial melt water. Some local streams such as Nagun Gad and Syansu Gad,
which contributes substantial quantity to River Bhagirathi in the downstream near Uttarkashi are characterized
by high levels of HCO3
-
and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). At two damming areas namely Maneri and Tehri the
concentration levels of cations and anions were increased as compared to flowing river stretch. These results
were compared with ionic abundance of comparatively low altitude spring fed himalayan River Kosi, where the
ionic concentration levels were comparatively low at the origin and consistently increased towards downstream.
The average ionic composition of River Kosi all through its length was similar as River Bhagirathi in the
downstream reaches, which in fact is the composition of rain water over the Himalaya region. It is also observed
during the study that genus of benthic macro invertebrate community, representing the biological water quality
of the two rivers was found remarkably different, although water quality of both the rivers is A class i.e. clean
throughout. Therefore it may be assumed that ionic distribution pattern does influence the ecological status of
the rivers.

102

PP-69: Assessment of underground drinking water quality in Chilkana area,
Saharanpur (U.P.) India

Meena
Department of Chemistry, Doon College of Engineering and Technology, Sunderpur, Saharanpur, India
mailme_tannuxx@rediffmail.com

The present work was undertaken to analyze the various water quality parameters, viz. p
H
, electrical
conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, Cl
-
, F
-
, So
4
2-
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Na
+
and K
+
and
study the WQI in underground water samples. 22 water samples were collected from different localities of
Chilkana area, Saharanpur (U.P.). The results were compared with the values stipulated by World Health
Organization (WHO), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) for
drinking water quality. The present study showed the water quality of Chilkana area to be suitable for
drinking purpose and it requires the use of indigenous technologies, to make water fit for drinking purpose.

PP-70: Effect of the different concentration of ethyl cellulose and Hydroxyl Propyl
Methyl Cellulose in drug release of Epalrestat Sustain Release Tablet

Gahtori Vinod
*
, Negi Deepak, Vashney Sugangha, and Arya Suchita
jaipharma009@gmail.com, vinodgahtori@gmail.com

The objective of the study is to design and evaluation of Epalrestat sustain release tablet and determine their
effect of different concentration of ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose. Epalrestat is anti
diabetic drug used in the treatment of diabetic, Neuropathy. SR tablet not only could provide a more constant
plasma concentration with less frequently administration but decrease the side effect. The main aim of the study
is to developed SR tablet to delay the release matrix tablet where prepared by using 1.5%, 2%, 3% ethyl
cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is 22%, 23%, 43%. Con of ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl
methyl cellulose direct compression method was used and prepared the tablets where done evaluate on the basis
of weight variation hardness friability and in vitro dissolution using paddle (USP IInd ) apparatus all the
formation should complains with pharmacopoial standard the drug release after 24 hrs F1-97.5, F2- 95.6,F3-
92%. Then their fore the result indicate that ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is an ideal
candidate for production of directly compressed.

PP-71: Developing pharmaceutical drugs less toxic to the environment

M. Rana
1*
, A. J. Rana
1
, A. Bisht
1
and G. Bisht
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
2
rana.mahendra214@gmail.com

Green quality- As long as product quality is maintained, pharmaceutical manufacturing should have flexibility
to make process changes to implement green chemistry and engineering changes. The complexity of the
pharmaceutical industry necessitates a holistic approach to greening its processes, starting with a paradigm shift
from focusing only on waste management to an approach that encompasses manufacturing process efficiency,
yield, and economic gains for pharmaceutical companies. Green chemistry is redesigning the future of the
pharmaceutical industry by adopting a life-cycle philosophy considering all materials and methods involved in
manufacturing pharmaceutical products. One such practice is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). A
supercritical fluid is a substance that is above its critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc), and exists
as a single phase. SFC facilitates faster analysis, reuses carbon dioxide that would otherwise be released to the
atmosphere, and uses significantly less solvents than classical chromatography. The pharmaceutical industrys
commitment to improving health should also include a commitment to maintaining a healthy environment. A
barrier to greening the pharmaceutical industry is the misperception that making changes is difficult and costly.
In todays marketplace, sustainability is a benchmark for a companys success. The pharmaceutical industry is
already using many principles and practices of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry, including atom economy
and less hazardous chemical syntheses. The past few years have seen the advent of a new eco-scare: The
unsettling afterlife of pharmaceuticals. Drug residues excreted by humans and livestock linger in our waterways,

103

often for months, before decomposing. The effects of these residues are hard to isolate and poorly understood,
but scientists have discovered hints of trouble.

PP-72: Determination of physico-chemical parameters and the pollution status of river
yamuna at kalsi dehradun uttarakhand

Fouzia Ishaq
*
and D. R. Khanna
Limnological Research Lab, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science
Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
fouziaishaq@gmail.com

Water is one of the important sources to sustain life and has long been suspected of being the source of much
human illness. It is the elixir of life and abounds on earth, but this vast natural resource has been depleted and
turned into scarce commodity with increased usage catering to the needs of ever-expanding population. There is
almost a global shortage of water and the worlds most urgent and front rank problem today is supply and
maintenance of clean drinking water.Rivers are the most important freshwater resource for man. Social,
economic and politicaldevelopment has been largely related to the availability and distribution of freshwaters
containedin riverine systems. Water quality problems have intensified through the ages in response to
theincreased growth and concentration of populations and industrial centres. Polluted water is animportant
vehicle for the spread of diseases.The River Yamuna sometimes called as Jamuna is the largest tributary of the
River Ganges (Ganga) in northern India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height 6,387 mtrs., on the
south western slopes of Banderpooch peaks in the Lower Himalayas, it travels a total length of 1,376 kilometers
(855 mi) and has a drainage system of 366,223 km
2
, 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin, before merging with the
Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, the site for the Kumbha Mela every twelve years.
The present study was designed to demonstrate the monthly variations in physico-chemical parameters of River
Yamuna at Kalsi Dehradun for a period of one year from August 2010 to July 2011. Water samples were
collected on monthly basis and analyzed forestimation of twenty two important parameters like Temperature,
Velocity, Turbidity, Transparency, Conductivity, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids,
pH, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Free CO
2
, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD,
Nitrate, Phosphate, Sodium and Potassium.From the study it was found that the water quality of River Yamuna
at Kalsi is affected due to the pollution from surrounding residential areas, agricultural runoff and anthropogenic
activities and it needs the regular monitoring and proper management to protect the water quality status of River
Yamuna.The study also indicates that water quality is not suitable for drinking purposes and it needs some
conservation and management plan to save the River.

PP-73: Family Lamiaceae: Role in clean-up Technology of metal polluted soils

Girish Kharkwal
*
and Chitra Pande
gkhakwal@yahoo.co.in

The present study was conducted to explore the phytoremedial capacity of the Ocimum basilicum and Mentha
arvensis planted in pots in triplicate on metal contaminated soil treated with different concentrations of lead,
copper and cadmium. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils is a major environmental problem that
can reduce both the productivity of plants and the safety of plant product as food and feeds. Phytoremediation is
more cost-effective, environment friendly and has fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches.
Heavy metal (Pb, Cu and Cd) analyses in soil and plant (on dry weight basis) samples were performed on an
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GBC-902 Avanta Sigma Model, Austalia) using acetylene gas as fuel
and air as an oxidizer. Mean values of three replicates were taken for each determination. The effect of metal on
essential oil composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS.
The transfer factor for lead was 0.042, 0.104, 0.112, 0.110 and 0.103 respectively in Ocimum basilicum while
0.009, 0.014, 0.009, 0.013 and 0.015 respectively in M. arvensis in control (m
0
), 500 (m
), 600, 750 and 900 mg

kg
-1
amended soils. The transfer factor for copper was 0.027, 0.208, 0.215, 0.133 and 0.136 respectively in
Ocimum basilicum while 0.041, 0.071, 0.071, 0.035 and 0.060 respectively in M. arvensis in control (m
0
), 270
(m
), 300, 500 and 700 mg kg

-1
copper amended soils. The plants showed vigorous growth but had no remedial
capacity for cadmium treated soil. Both, O. basilicum and M. arvensis showed vigorous growth with no
symptoms of morpho-phytotoxicity despite the accumulation of lead and copper. The percentage of linalool was
drastically affected in copper amended soil. There was no effect on essential oil composition of M. arvensis.
Ocimum basilicum showed better metal accumulation than M. arvensis.

104

PP-74: Terpenoid compositon of Coleus aromaticus from Uttarakhand

Gitu Kunwar
*
, Girish Kharkwal and Geeta Tewari
gitukunwar@gmail.com

Coleus aromaticus Benth.(Synonym: Coleus amboinicus Lour.; Plectranthus aromaticus Roxb.) is a
dicotyledonous plant belonging to Lamiaceae plant family. It is a folkloric medicinal plant and used by almost
all local people for its therapeutical

efficacy against malarial fever, hepatopathy, renal and vesical calculi,
cough, chronic asthma, hiccough, bronchitis, helminthiasis, colic, convulsions, and epilepsy.
The essential oil composition of Coleus aromaticus Benth (family-Lamiaceae) was examined by capillary GC
and GC-MS.
Analysis revealed the presence of 28 constituents, of which 16 constituents were identified. Thymol (83.39 %)
was the major compound, while 1-octen-3-ol, terpine-4-ol, eugenol, trans-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide
and -cadinol were present as minor constituents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the
essential oil composition of Coleus aromaticus cultivated in Kumaun region (Uttarakhand, India).

PP-75: A rapid and highly efficient ionic liquid mediated synthesis of 5,6-
dihydrobenzo(h)-quinazoline derivatives.

Ashok K. Yadav and Gopi Ram Sharma

A new series of substituted 5,6-dihydrobenzo(h)-quinazoline were synthesized using environmentally benign
method .Substituted aromatic aldehydes, viz.p -choloro benzaldehyde/p- methoxy benzaldehyde, tetralone and
urea derivative(s) when reacted in ionic liquid, afforded novel 5,6-dihydrobenzo(h)-quinazoline derivatives.
This methodology is advantageous as it is rapid, facile and high yielding. The structures of all synthesized
compounds were well characterized by FT-IR, Proton NMR and elemental analysis.

PP-76: Thermodynamic and physico-chemical studies of binary mixtures of 1, 3-
dioxolane with 1-hexanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol at 298.15 to 313.15 K

Gyan Prakash Dubey
and Rajiv Kumar

gyan.dubey@rediffmail.com

Densities (
), and speeds of sound (u) have been measured for the binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane with 1-
hexanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol over the entire composition range at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K and
at atmospheric pressure while viscosities (
) were measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 K and at atmospheric

pressure. The experimental density and speed of sound values were used to calculate the excess molar volumes (
E
m
V
), deviations in speed of sound (
), isentropic compressibilities (
S
) and deviations in isentropic

compressibility (
S
) while the viscosity data were used to compute deviations in viscosity (

) and excess
Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (
E
G
*
) at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. The values of

E
m
V
,
u and
S
,

were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation and the viscosity data have been
correlated by using the equations of Grunberg-Nissan, Tamura-Kurata, Katti-Chaudhri, Hind et al. and Heric-
Brewer and have been used to discuss the presence of significant interactions between cyclic ether and alcohols.

105

PP-77: Study of physiochemical factors determining emulsion stability

Harish Chandra Joshi and I. P. Pandey
Oil Extraction, Environmental & Disaster Management Lab., D. A. V. College, Dehradun, Uttarahand, India
joshiharish86@gmail.com

Emulsions are widely used in various fields such as pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetic, paint and food
industries. The droplets diameter of these emulsions is usually of the order of 0.1-10m. When emulsions are
applied to various commercial products, their physical properties such as the particle size distribution and
viscoelasticity are required to keep their original states regardless of time. The change of dispersion states of
droplets for example, flocculation and creaming, is also undesirable.However,in some applications it is
necessary to break the emulsion in order to release the active material as the active ingredient is contained in the
emulsion droplets.Thus,it becomes necessary to study the physiochemical factors determining emulsion
stability. In the present study, the effect of processing conditions, oilpolarity, emulsifier polarity and
composition, phase volume ratio, mixing time and temperature on emulsion stability is covered.

PP-78: Going green with data warehousing

Priti Dimri, Deepak Dangwal and Harshal Gunwant
Computer Science and Engineering Department, G. B. Pant Engineering College,
Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
pdimri1@gmail.com, ddangwalj@gmail.com, harshal.gunwant@gmail.com

Current scenario of computer industry tremendously booming with advances in green technology, thus reducing
huge power consumption along with providing competitive-edge performance in the marketplace and a solution
domain to environment degradation. Green computing has introduced a range of equipments like energy
efficient chips, high-end storage mediums etc. that incorporates well with technologies such as Data
warehousing systems expertise helping in limiting the impact on environment. Data warehouse is a new
generation Decision Support System (DSS) tool that is setting milestones in maintaining voluminous data,
historical backups and providing multi-dimensional ad-hoc queries in generating results, patterns and
comparisons quickly within a span of time. Meteorological databases used for weather forecasting is one of the
fastest growing databases. Automated Weather System (AWS) keeps track of all weather conditions regularly
and stores it accordingly and therefore keeps on increasing the warehouse size. This paper articulates the
reduction of power-hungriness of data warehousing system and explores its energy efficient perspectives in the
field of Meteorology.

PP-79: Fumigant toxicity of chloropicrin against wood destroying insect: Lyctus
africanus

Himani Pant
*
and Sadhna Tripathi
Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division
Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
pant.himani@yahoo.co.in, tripathis@icfre.org

The practice of using fumigants to control decay has been widely accepted all over the world and has been
shown to be effective in controlling internal decay in transmission poles and other large wood timbers. The
present study deals with the testing of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) for its effectiveness in preventing or
arresting attack by wood borer i.e. Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera; Lyctidae). Softwood and hardwood
blocks (1.9cm
3
) were fumigated with different concentrations of chloropicrin. Results revealed that 0.4%
concentration of chloropicrin caused 100% mortality of L. africanus larvae in both woods. The lowest
concentration tested (0.05%) revealed 74.07 and 87.03% mortality in softwood and hardwood respectively. .On
the basis of probit analysis it was observed that the LC
50
of chloropicrin for L. africanus is 0.05 in softwood and
0.018 % in hardwood.

106

PP-80: Consumer awareness scale of electronic waste recycling

Hrithik Sharma and Sachin Kumar

Faculty of Science & Technology, ICFAI University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
hrithikashu@gmail.com, sackumaarc@gmail.com

Many times we think and discuss about recycling of several materials we use around the globe. The most eye-
raising recycling is of Electronic Waste (EW). EW is not limited to the industries; it is also created and found at
our homes as well. In Indian system of considering the waste as homologous, it is quite difficult to make people
aware that the waste must be categorically dumped. There is always a survey and ground work which must be
done before educating the public on any issue. This survey is helpful on measuring on how much and on which
level the Awareness-Spreading system should be followed. Also, it is helpful for learning new ideas of dumping
EW and reusing it in several other aspects. The paper discusses about the present trend and awareness scale
(AS) of general public as how they dump the electronic waste. From an extensive survey of 500 odd houses
from 6 different states of India, the paper exclusively shows the AS (Calculated of 10) .Also the paper sates the
ways adopted by the people/consumers who were above 7 of the AS. Not surprisingly, people above AS level 7
were only a few. After a week of educating the people of that area, the survey was again taken with the same
and random sample number. It was found that the AS level of the public increased to 8 (at an average) and new
methods came into picture which were started being adopted by them. The paper is a base for Certified Recycler
Electronics Program for educating common man and public about the problem that could only be solved by an
individual but by all of us together.

PP-81: Adsorption of organic molecules on interacting surfaces

I.P. Pandey and Anupama Sharma
Oil Extraction, Environmental & Disaster Management Lab., D.A.V. College, Dehradun, India
ippande@gmail.com
The number of chemical reaction proceeds by the phenomenon of adsorption of organic molecules on these
interacting surfaces. As a result of adsorption of organic molecules the heat is liberated which is called the heat
of adsorption. During this process the nature of surfaces play a significant role in the physico-chemical
properties of organic molecules. The chemical reaction proceed by the process of activation and depends on
the curvature of the surfaces. This average curvature of the surface can be calculated using the rule of
mathematical chemistry and Gauss bonnet theorem of differential geometry. The applicability of this method
has been highlighted in the area of catalytic and biochemical reaction and in studying the nature of interaction of
proteins with other solid surfaces.

PP-82: Denitrification of high salinity, high nitrate wastewater using clinoptilite in a
packed bed bioreactor

Abbas Rezaee and Hooshyar Hossini
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
rezaee@modares.ac.ir, abbasrezaee@yahoo.com

The aim of the present work was to study the treatment of high strength nitrate, high salinity wastewater using a
packed bed bioreactor filled with clinoptilolite. Biological denitrification was monitored at different loadings
rates (0.8-4 kg NO
3
-
/m
3
d) and salinities (10-40 g L
-1
). The denitrification rate, COD consumption, and nitrite
accumulations were response parameters. In the experimental conditions, a maximum denitrification rate of 3.72
kg NO
3
-
/(m
3
d) was achieved with ethanol as a carbon source and salinity at 10g L
-1
. During denitrification, no
more than 0.1 mg NO
2
- L
-1
could be accumulated.

PP-83: Adsorption of hexavalent chromium using Sargassum

Ali Khavanin and Majid Ansari
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
khavanin@modares.ac.ir, abbasrezaee@yahoo.com

The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption of hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), from an aqueous
solution using brown seaweed Sargassum. The effect of solution pH, contact time, initial chromium and nitrate
107

concentrations were studied. The experimental data were fitted to the Freundlich and DubininRadushkevick
isotherms. The results showed the contact time and pH are the most important parameters influencing the Cr
(VI) adsorption onto Sargassum. The optimum pH, contact time, the initial adsorbent dosage and initial Cr (VI)
and nitrate concentration were found to be 3, 120 min, 1.3 g, 50 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively.

PP-84: Application of green technology in infrastructure

Isha Verma and Prachi Sohoni
Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
isha@itmindia.edu, prachisohoni@itmindia.edu

A green building, which is also known as a sustainable building is designed to meet some objectives such as
occupant health; using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to
the environment. It is an opportunity to use the resources efficiently while creating healthier buildings that
improve human health, build a better environment, and provide cost savings. All the development projects lead
to over-consumption of natural resources. This leads to serious environmental problems. Green building concept
deals with the optimum use of natural resources for the development of infrastructure. The low cost eco-friendly
house is the modern construction method which uses locally available material and unskilled labor and also
reduces the construction time. Similarly, use of recycled plastic, recycled aggregates and municipal wastes for
the construction of pavement has considerable effect on the environment of earth. Another advanced method is
the construction of low carbon building which uses sustainable materials like blended cement, compacted fly
ash blocks, low energy intensity floor and roofing system, rammed earth walls and stabilized mud blocks etc.
This ultimately results in reduction of green house gases which will help to reduce green house effect. This
paper presents an overview of application of modern green infrastructure construction technology which makes
a significant impact on conservation/proper utilization of resources like land, water, energy, air, material etc
thereby reducing the overall cost of construction as well as adverse impacts of climate change.

PP-85: Green fibre reinforced polymer composites An alternate to reduce ill effects of
synthetic polymers

Gurcharan Dass and Jagdish Chander
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, JCDM College of Engg., Sirsa, Haryana, India

Environment has two types of polymer that are naturally occurring and synthetic polymers. The use of synthetic
polymers is popular all over world because of their usefulness and convenience. Besides all these advantages
synthetic polymers pose a threat to environment because of the fact that they are indestructible material which
can take thousands of years to disintegrate. To remedy this situation an alternate is to make synthetic polymers
biodegradable by adding natural fillers. At the last work done for the remedy is reported shortly.

PP-86: Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of the iminic moiety in 3-chloro-2-formyl
pyridine hydrazones promoted by copper, nickel and cobalt

Jagvir Singh
1
, Kamlesh Kumri
3
, Prashant Singh
2
and Netra Pal Singh
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, India
2
B. B. A.University, Lucknow, U.P., India
3
Department of Chemistry, MNIT, Allahabad, U.P., India
acbrchandra@yahoo.co.in, netrapal_chem@yahoo.com

N-substituted pyridine hydrazones (2-formylpyridine, 3-chloro benzohydrazide) undergoes Schiff base
formation of the iminic carbon nitrogen double bond through its reaction with [Ni/CoCl
2
(dmso)
2
] and [CuCl
2
(dmso)
2
] in ethanol. Coordinated to the afford [Ni/CoCl
2
(FPBH)
2
] and [Cu

(FPBH)
2
] Cl
2
complexes. These
metal complexes have been characterized by
1
H &
13
C (NMR), FTIR, elemental analysis, molar conductance,
magnetic moments, and electronic spectral measurements. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal ions
and synthesized ligand in molar ratio M: L (1:2) resulting in the formation of the metal complexes. The ligand
as well as their complexes shows a significant antimicrobial studies.

108

PP-87: Microwave mediated synthesis of a new series of biologically important 1,4-
dihydropyridines

Jaspreet Kaur
1*
, Ranju Bansal
2
and Anupreet Kaur
1
1
University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
2
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
jaspreet_virdi@yahoo.com

Green chemistry has enjoyed explosive growth in recent years with current areas of interest including
multicomponent reactions, catalyst and solvent free synthesis. In this regard, microwave assisted synthesis
provides rapid, green and predictable yields. 1, 4-dihydropyridines have been recognized as vital drugs in the
treatment of angina and hypertension. Due to variety of biological activities possessed by dihydropyridines and
their analogues, a novel protocol for efficient synthesis of new 1, 4-dihydropyridines is being developed via a
two step reaction under microwave irradiation. A mixture of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (10 mmoles), methyl
acetoacetate (20 mmoles) and ammonium acetate (30 mmoles) was taken in vial and heated in a microwave
synthesizer (Biotage) for 15-20 minutes to obtain corresponding dihydropyridine. The compound obtained after
filtration was subject to alkylation with various hydrochlorides of dialkyl-aminoethyl chlorides which resulted
in the target dihydropyridine. The completion of reactions was established by thin layer chromatography using
chloroform and methanol. The new series of dihydropyridines will be used further for enzymatic
biotransformation to obtain enantioselective compounds. Optical yields and optical configurations have been
confirmed using polarimeter and chiral HPLC measurements.

PP-88: Screening and analysis of different medicinal herbs in context with Chronic
Active Hepatitis disease
Jaya Krishna
Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
jaya_dsvv@yahoo.com

A clinical study was undertaken to determine the effect of the combination of Andrographs Paniculata,
Tinospora Pordifolia with Tephrosia Purpurea, Boerhavia Piffusa and Picrorrhiza Kurroa on the patients with
chronic active Hepatitis B disease. The yield of the plant extract was highest in Ethanol. It indicates that the
major component of the herbs were soluble in ethanol. The plant extracts have been tested for the antiviral
activities and metal analysis on Japanese Encephalitis virus. The doses were 500-4 /ml and 0% inhibition (in
vitro). The viruses remained inactive. The decoction of the medicinal herbs had a significant result with the
elevated HBsAg, AST and ALT levels of chronic active Hepatitis B patient i.e.: intervention of medicinal herbs
in the form of the decoction among CAH patients gave significant reduction.Hence, the study showed that the
herbal treatment was effective to the patient of Chronic Active Hepatitis to provide their healthy life style.

PP-89: Green networking in practice: performance evaluation of routing protocols for
ad hoc networks based on energy consumption

Suresh Kumar, K. D. Narayan, Nitin Arora
*
and Jogendra Kumar

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Engineering College, Pauri, India
suresh15nirala@yahoo.com, nitinarora47@gmail.com, kdnarayan23@gmail.com, jogendra.1986@gmail.com

Ad hoc networks are characterized by multi-hop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology
and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. A major issue with ad-hoc networks is energy
consumption since nodes are usually mobile and battery-operated. In this paper we have mainly focused on
energy consumption issues of routing protocols. We compare the Performance of three routing protocols for
mobile ad hoc networks: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
(AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) on the basis of energy consumption.
The performances of protocols are analyzed in different network scales and based on the observation we make
several recommendations.

109

PP-90: Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of P-Cuscn/ N-Zno
heterojunction films
B. Mar
1*
, K.C.Singh
2
, L. Ortiz
1
, M. Mollar
1
and Balraj Deshwal
2*
1
Departament de Fsica Aplicada-IDF, Universitat Politcnica de Vlencia,
Cam de Vera s/n, 46022, Vlencia, Spain
2
Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
kcsingh51@rediffmail.com

The compact and smooth surface films of n-ZnO on FTO substrate were deposited electrochemically in a non
aqueous bath. Hetereojunction of p-CuSCN/n-ZnO film was prepared by depositing CuSCN electrochemically
over the ZnO substrate. The films were characterized by cyclic voltametrically, chronoamperimetrically, SEM,
EDX and XRD measurements. The pure crystalline films of CuSCN with intrinsic trigonal pryramidal
morphology over the ZnO films were obtained electrochemically by fixing the SCN/Cu ratio in the electrolytic
bath 1.5:1 at 60C with -0.4 V deposition potential. Photocurrent measurements showed the increase of intrinsic
surface states or defects in ZnO/CuSCN interface. The I-V characteristics of hetereojunction show a good
rectification behaviour with 250 rectification ratio at 2V. The value of 2.81 of ideality factor calculated by
fitting the semilogarithmic I-V data with the ideal diode equation revealed the better electrical contact between
the smooth ZnO and CuSCN films than that of ZnO nano rods and CuSCN crystallites.

PP-91: Growth Mechanism and Morphology of ZnO/eosin-Y Hybrid Thin Films

MAR Bernab
1*
, Singh Krishan-Chander
2
, Mollar Miguel
1
, Moya Mnica
1
, Rana Ravi
2
and Perla Wahnn
3

1
Departament de Fsica Aplicada- IDF, Universitat Politcnica de Valncia,
Cam de Vera s/n, 46022, Valncia, Spain
2
3
Instituto de Energa Solar & Dpt., Tecnologias Especiales, Universidad Politcnica de Madrid,
Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
kcsingh51@rediffmail.com

Thin hybrid films of ZnO/eosin-Y were prepared by electrodeposition at -0.8 and -0.9 V in aqueous and non-
aqueous baths at temperatures ranging from 40 to 90 C with dye concentrations of 100 and 400 mol L-1. The
films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and absorption spectroscopy. The films prepared in a non-
aqueous bath were non-porous and did not adsorb dye molecules on their surface. However, the films grown in
aqueous media were porous in nature and adsorbed dye during the deposition of ZnO. Preferential growth of the
film along the (002) face was observed, and the highest crystallinity was achieved when the film was deposited
at 60 C. The maximum absorption was achieved for the films grown at 60 to 70 C, a deposition potential of -
0.9 V, and a dye concentration of 100 mol L
-1
.

PP-92: Web content protection system of information leakage

Kamlesh Kumar
1
, Amarjeet Singh
2
and Manisha Sharma
3

1
Department of Computer Applications, Jai Arihant Academic Institute, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttatakhand, India
2
Department of Computer Applications, Institute of Environment and Management, Lucknow, U.P., India
3
Department of Mathematics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
manishatewaripu@gmail.com, kpadaliya@gmail.com, amarjeetsingh_9@rediffmail.com

Web application development is more complex and challenging than most of us think. But most Web-based
systems are still poorly developed and in an ad hoc manner, resulting in poor quality and maintainability and
contributing to failures. In this paper, we propose a web-based system for prevention of the confidential
information leakage caused by the person who is authorized to access. This system realizes the centralized
access control to the distributed confidential information and supports the confidential pages generated
dynamically by web applications. We show the design and implementation of this system that is transparent to
users. In this paper, we propose the Data Leakage Prevention System (DLPS). This system provides protection
of the confidential information stored in the web server against the information leakage such as bringing out the
data by saving it as file, writing it to the media, and printing it out. Users can only read but cannot copy nor
print the confidential information. The DLPS comprises four major components; Viewer, Encryption Proxy,
Authentication Server, and Access Control Directory. Encryption Proxy, which is a proxy server interposed
between client and web server, encrypts transmitted data of the confidential information on demand. Adopting
110

this encryption method, it is not necessary to change the existing web server that stores the confidential
information, and the DLPS supports the confidential information generated dynamically by web applications
such as CGI or Java Servlet. In addition, whenever Viewer accesses the confidential information, Authentication
Server authenticates users and controls the access. The system administrator can manage the confidential
information with the configuration of Access Control Directory and centralized access control of the distributed
confidential information can be realized.

PP-93: The study of security issues for public domain biometric applications

Kamlesh Kumar
1
, Balam Singh
2
and Ashutosh Kumar Bhatt
3

1
Department of Computer Science & Applications, J. A. A. Institute, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Computer Application, Color Design India Education Center, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India
3
Department of Computer Science, Birla Institute of Applied Sciences, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
ashutoshbhatt123@rediffmail.com, kpadaliya@gmail.com, badhikari72@gmail.com

Although biometrics is becoming an integral part of the identity management systems, current biometric
systems do not have 100% accuracy. Some of the factors that impact the accuracy of biometric systems include
noisy input, non-universality, lack of invariant representation and non-distinctiveness. Further, biometric
systems are also vulnerable to security attacks. A biometric system that integrates multiple cues can overcome
some of these limitations and achieve better performance. Extensive research work has been done to identify
better methods to combine the information obtained from multiple sources. It is difficult to perform information
fusion at the early stages of processing (sensor and feature levels). In some cases, fusion at the sensor and
feature levels may not even be possible. Fusion at the decision level is too simplistic due to the limited
information content available at this level. Therefore, researchers have generally preferred integration at the
matching score level which offers the best compromise between information content and ease in fusion.

PP-94: Synthesis and antitubercular activity of substituted aryl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-
acridin-9-yl)-amine derivatives

Rajendra Yadav
1*
, Kapil Kumar Goel
1
, Peeush Singhal
1
, Shashikant
2
and Ashwani Kumar
1

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
2
Jubilant chemisis Ltd. Noida, Uttar Pardesh, India

Tuberculosis (abbreviated TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and often deadly infectious
disease caused by mycobacteria, in humans mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1
. Tuberculosis usually attacks
the lungs (as pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the
circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the skin. The
goal of the present day drugs is to combat drug resistance and to reduce the duration of therapy from six months
to at least three months to eradicate the bacteria. Taking into account the lead molecules from our earlier efforts
to exploring tetrahydroacridine based molecules which show their effect via intercalation to nucleotide base
pairs in the helix and arrests the biosynthesis of DNA, new molecules would be synthesized and evaluated for
their antitubercular potential. The possible mode of action would also be elucidated.

PP-95: Synthesis, spectral and antimicrobial studies of 2[1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl]
acetic acid mannich bases

Sheela Joshi, Kapil Vyas
*
, Purti Bilgaiyan and Anju Pathak
School of Chemical Sciences, D.A.V.V., Indore, India
kapilgyan@gmail.com

The present invention deals with the synthesis of Mannich bases of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid
methylamines (Gabapentin). A series of Mannich bases of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid
(Gabapentin) were synthesized via Mannich reaction of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid with
primary amines. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of elemental analysis, UV, IR and
1
HNMR Spectral data. All the compounds have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against a
representative panel of bacteria i.e. E-coli, B.subtilis, and S.aureus. Synthesized compounds were found to
exhibit profound antibacterial activity. 2[1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid (Gabapentin), a biologically
potent drug showed no significant antibacterial activity but its Mannich bases are found to show potent activity
against the pathogenic bacteria.
111

PP-96: Effect of heat on reaction system of acetonitrile- water vapor in presence and
absence of Montmorillonite clay with or without cations (Cu
2+
,Ca
2+
,Mg
2+
) as sensitizers
under prebiotic wetting drying conditions

Kavita Gururani
*
, Namrata Pandey, Pramod Pandey and C.K.Pant
Department of Chemistry, D.S.B.Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttrakhand, India
gururani_kavita@rediffmail.com

The abiotic evolution of life postulated by Oparin and Haldane posits production of organic molecules on the
early earth was followed by chemical reactions that produced increased complexity leading to organic life. The
effect of heat on reaction system of acetonitrile-water vapor was investigated in presence and absence of
montmorillonite clay with or without divalent cations under wetting and drying condition for a period of 100
hrs, temperature and pH 8.5+5
0
C.The reaction concentrates were analysed at different intervals of 25hrs, 50hrs,
75hrs and 100hrs by paper chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography as well as UV
spectrophotometric methods gave more or less identical range of amino acids and identified as lysine ,aspartic
acid, serine, glycine, alanine, valine and leucine. Reaction concentrate of acetonitrile-water vapor heated upto
100hrs in presence of montmorillonite clay with or without divalent cations has shown the calalytic effect in the
following order: M.Cu
2+
> M.Ca
2+
> M.Mg
2+
> M

PP-97: Studies of dye sensitized photogalvanic solar cell: Lissamine Green B-Ascorbic
acid-NaLS system for Electrical Parameters, Solar energy conversion & storage

K.R.Genwa
*
and Kewal singh
Department of Chemistry J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
kewalpreet0983@gmal.com

The photogalvanic cell is a device which converts solar energy into electricity on the basis of photo galvanic
effect. In photogalvanic cell containing Lissamine Green B as photosensitizer in Ascorbic acid-NaLS system the
cell performance were observed 150 minutes in dark respectively. The effects of different parameters on the
electrical output of the cell were observed and current-voltage (i-V) charecteristics of the cell were also studies.
The photopotential, photocurrent and maximum photopotential were observed as 850.0 mV and 375.0 A,
1095.0 mV respectively. The mechanism was proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cell.
PP-98: Anti- diabetic drug metformine as an anti-cancer agent in chemically induced
hepatocellular carcinogenesis
Kimothi Vishwa Deepak
1*
, Negi Singh Deepak
2
, Panwar Pooja
1
and Anwar Firoj
1

1
Sidhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
v.kimothi@yahoo.com, jaipharma009@gmail.com

Cancer is a class of deasese in which a group of cells display uncontrolled grouth in-vasion and some time
metastsis. Present time hepatocellularcarcinoma is major cause of death in world. The present study is design to
evaluate the anti-cancer activity of anti-diabetic drug Metformine in chemically induced HCC. Cancer is
induced by Di Methyl Nitrosoamine (DENA)-200mg/kg by I.P. route in Rates. Cancers cells required more
glucose for suvival. In present study we stop the glucose production by giving antidiabetic drug. Metformine is
antidiabetic drug it supress hepatic glucose production decerese inetstinal absorption of glucose and increase
insulin senstivity by increasing periferal glucose uptake and utilisation. The parameters evaluate are like
Bilirubine, GGTP, SGOT, SGPT, Glucose and histopathology of rat liver. The above biochemical parameters
are increased in HCC. After giving metformine dose 125mg/kg orally to rates the biochemical parameters are
decresed and in histopathological study of rat liver the tumar growth is supreesd by giving
metformine(125mg/kg).

PP-99: Volatiles of feronia elephantum correa

Kiran Tewari
*
, Charu Singh and Chitra Pande
kirantewari2@gmail.com
Feronia elephantum Correa (syn Limonia acidissima L., Feronia limonia L.), commonly known as wood apple,
112

is the only species of this genus in the family Rutaceae. It is an erect, slow growing, moderate sized tree, with
rigid bark, fissured and scaly with sharp spines. The plant is well known for its medicinal use. The leaves are
aromatic and are used for the treatment of indigestion and in bowl infection. The fruit of the plant is considered
to be a stomachic, diuretic, cardiotonic and tonic to the liver and lungs. The essential oil composition of Feronia
elephantum Correa was examined by capillary GC and GC-MS. Analysis revealed the presence of 24
constituents, of which 18 constituents were identified. Trans-anethole (57.73%) and methyl chavicol (37.48%)
were the major compounds while cis-anethole p-anisaldehyde, (E)-jasmone, methyl eugenol, -caryophyllene,
linalool, (E)-methyl eugenol were also present as minor constituents. This is the first report on F. elephantum in
this region.

PP-100: Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer activity of transition metal
complexes of Imidazole derived ligand

Kishwar Saleem and Rahisuddin
Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
rais_ch2003@yahoo.com, rahisuddin@jmi.ac.in

A new ligand (L) has been synthesized by the reaction of imidazole with 1,3-diiodopropane in presence of solid
sodium hydride in 2:1 molar ratio in dimethylformamide (DMF). Nickel(II), palladium(II) and platinum(II)
complexes of ligand have also been synthesized. The reactions for the synthesis of ligand and its metal
complexes have been monitored by TLC. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis,
molar conductance, magnetic moment measurements, infrared,
1
HNMR, UV-Vis. spectroscopy. Molar
conductance measurement values showed non-electrolytic nature of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes.
Electronic spectra and magnetic moment measurement studies suggested square planar geometries of Ni(II),
Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal ions complexes. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity
in vitro against Hela (cervical carcinoma cells) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma cells). Platinum(II) complex
exhibits potent anti-cancer activity than palladium(II) complex, ligand and control. The anti-cancer activity
increases with increased the concentration of the same compound.

PP-101: Cadmium tolerance and its phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis
(L.) and Brassica juncea (L.) from the cadmium contaminated soil possessing salinity
and drought stresses

Kuldeep Bauddh and Rana P. Singh
*
Department of Environmental Science, B. B. A. University, Lucknow, U.P., India
ranapsingh1@hotmail.com, kuldeepenvir0811@gmail.com

The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity and drought stresses on the
phytoextraction of Cd by two oil yielding crops, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and Castor (Ricinus
communis). The study revealed that Cd in the soil possessing these stresses influenced not only growth,
protein, proline and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also Cd accumulation in roots and its translocation to
the shoots. Cd contamination to the soil resulted in general reduction in the growth of B. juncea and R.
communis plants in terms fresh and dry biomass accumulation. R. communis appeared to have relatively
stronger self protection ability in terms of proline bioaccumulation (r
2
=0.961) than that of B. juncea (r
2
=0.918)
grown in Cd contaminated soil possessing salinity and drought. The higher production of MDA indicated
greater damage to cell membrane in B. juncea than that in R. communis. When the correlation was plotted
between Cd concentration in the pot and MDA content in the leaves, lower r
2
value was found in R. communis
(r
2
=0.971) than that of B. juncea (r
2
=0.986) which indicate the greater damage to cell membrane in the B.
juncea than that in R. communis. The rate of accumulation of Cd in both the plants was calculated and it was
found that though, the amount of the metal accumulated in the roots and shoots of Indian mustard was higher
on the basis of per unit biomass than that in castor. The total removal of metal from soil on per plant basis was
much higher in castor because it produces large amount of underground and aerial biomass during the same
period. The translocation of Cd from roots to shoot was higher in B. juncea at all Cd concentrations. R.
communis appeared more tolerant for the Cd and other stresses and capable to clean Cd contaminated soil for
longer period in one sowing than B. juncea and the former can grow in wasteland soil also in which later
cannot be cultivated. In addition, R. communis is a perennial plant and can maintain removal of the metal from
the contaminated soil throughout the year for longer time in the same sowing which will reduce the operational
cost.

113

PP-102: Non conventional method of water pumping using vertical wind turbine

Akash Prakash and B. Kishor
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology
kishormech136@gmail.com

The major problem for the agriculturists at the present scenario is the energy crisis. The major source of water
for the fields is wells and bore wells. People use pumps to pump out water from wells and bore wells. This
process involves lot of energy consumption every day. Our project deals with the process of pumping out water
from wells and bore wells using a specially designed wind mill. Our setup does not require any electrical
devices and thus thereby the losses are avoided.

PP-103: Modern era oral contraceptives: a trigger for veneous thrombo embolism

Ankit Saini,

Kuldeep
*
, Amandeep Singh Pundir, Udayvir Singh, Arun Sharma and Pranav Gupta
kul.2890@yahoo.com

VTE (veneous thromboembolism) is an abnormal circulatory condition in which an embolus (balloon shape
structure containing tissue fragments) travels through the blood stream and become lodged in the blood vessel,
causing blood clots and occurring preferably in the deep veins in legs. Newer oral contraceptives(for prevention
of conception) are found to contribute towards serious blood clots. Therefore, the presented information was
compiled to reveal this serious problem with the help of some researchers data. Women on pills containing one
of the new types of progesterone hormone (drospirenone, desogestren) have increased the risk of venous
thromboembolism than the women on pills containing older progesterone(levonorgestrel). Researchers reviewed
data for all non pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 49 from January 2001 till December 2009 and the
reviewed data illustrated that there were 4,246 women with veneous thromboembolism in eight million women.
A data illustrates that ratio of 10:10,000 women per year with VTE risk taking newer pills. Thus, to decrease the
risk 2000 women should shift from using oral contraceptives with desogestrel, gestodene and drospirenone to
levonorgestrel in one year to prevent the risk. Clinicians will choose the drug with minimum risk and prescribe
oral contraceptives with levonogestrel whenever possible says Dr Philips Hannaford from university of
Aberdeen. The present work emphasized increased risk of blood clot due to intake of newer contraceptives pills;
however more studies are still required.

PP-104: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS): Not only a beautification mediator but also a
skin and fertility deteriorator

Kuldeep Singhal
1*
, Ankit Saini
1
, Pranav Gupta
1
and Rajni Saini
2

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India,
2
Himachal Institute of Dental sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal pradesh, India
kul.2890@yahoo.com

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an ester of Sulphuric acid and is also known as "Sulfuric acid monododecyl
ester sodium salt. SLS is used mainly in soaps, shampoos, detergents, toothpastes and many other cosmetic
products. This chemical is an effective foaming agent, chemically known as surfactant. The following
information has been compiled to reveal the dangers associated with this beautification product. SLS is absorbed
into the body from skin application. Sodium lauryl sulphate denatures skin proteins, which causes not only
irritation, but also allows environmental contaminants easier access to the lower, sensitive layers of the skin.
After chronic use, it gets absorbed into the body and shows its major effect, that is to mimic the activity of the
hormone Oestrogen and is also responsible for a variety of health problems from menopausal symptoms to
dropping male fertility and increasing female cancers such as breast cancer. A report published in the Journal of
The American College of Toxicology in 1983 showed that concentrations as low as 0.5% could cause irritation
and concentrations of 10-30% caused skin corrosion and sever irritation. Shampoos are among the most
frequently reported products to the FDA. Report illustrates the various side effects which are eye irritation, scalp
irritation, tangled hair, swelling of the hands, face and arms and split and fuzzy hair. Sodium lauryl sulfate is
used in the cosmetic products due to its cheap nature. The profit of a pharmaceutical industry cannot be
considered so important that it would ignore the health hazards associated with such cheap products. Therefore
certain recreational steps are to be followed which are a combo of both that is safe and profitable. One such step
is the use of Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) which is less irritating than Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and cannot be
114

metabolised by the liver and its effects are therefore much longer-lasting. However, there are certain health
hazards associated even with this derivative; therefore further studies are still required.

PP-105: Eco friendly paints

Sudha Lalchand
sudha_lalchand@yahoo.com

Save the Planet Earth. The Facts There are more than 10,000 chemicals that can be used in conventional paints;
many of which are newly created chemical components with little research conducted regarding their long-term
effects on both humans and the environment. Many of these chemicals may lead to health problems or
complicate existing conditions. Low level exposure to paint may irritate or burn the eyes, nose, throat and skin
and cause reactions such as headaches, dizziness or nausea. These symptoms are generally mild and will subside
once the direct exposure has ceased. However, high levels of exposure to some of the elements in paint, even for
a short period of time, can cause severe and lasting impacts such as kidney or liver damage or respiratory
problems. Substances found in some paint, such as formaldehyde and benzene, are carcinogenic while others,
such as heavy metals and phthalates, are human and ecosystem toxins. Eco Paints & Environment Today, to
save the ecosystem there are paints with non-toxic elements. These environmental friendly choices are made for
a healthier lifestyle. The use of Eco Paints ensures a healthier body and greener environment to live. The Eco-
Paints are Non-toxic with zero VOC (Volatile Organic Content) and have no odour and can be tinted to any
colour your heart or home desires with non-toxic tints. Eco Paints are also safe for the chemically sensitive. The
Eco-Paints are produced from fewer than 250 chemical components and more than 98 % of these chemicals are
naturally derived from plant sources and minerals. Most of the ingredients have been used for centuries or more.
The raw materials that are low in toxic s stances, renewable and feature a low environmental footprint. In the
Eco-Paints, the paints, stains, thinners and waxes are made from naturally-derived raw materials including citrus
peel extracts, essential oils, seed oils, tree resins, inert mineral fillers, tree and bee waxes, lead-free dryers and
natural pigments.

PP-106: Bioactivity of essential oil and pure compounds isolated from Senecio and
Helenium species

Lalit Mohan
*
, Anand B. Melkani and Charu C. Pant
Lalit_Mohan99@rediffmail.com

The genus Senecio and Helenium (Asteraceae) grows wild in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. About nineteen
species of the genus Senecio and only one species of the genus Helenium have been reported to grow in
Uttarakhand. The extract of this plant was reported to be potent natural pesticide and also possess insecticidal
activities. Senecio royleanus DC and Helenium grandiflorum (Willd.) O. Kuntze growing in Uttarakhand with
their pure isolates have not been investigated for antimicrobial activity. So the present communication deals
with the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils and pure isolates from both plants.
The test organisms used for antimicrobial activity were laboratory isolates of the pure culture of Gram positive
bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Gram negative bacteria Agrobacterium
tumefaciens, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Xanthomonas phaseoli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica enterica,
Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Three animal pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans,
Aspergilus nigar, Aspergilus flava and five plant pathogenic fungi Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum,
Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum against the oil sample and pure isolated
compound. Streptomycin, Erythromycin and Clotimazole were used as positive control. The antibacterial and
antifungal activity was done by disc diffusion method. In both the analysis all the fractions which showed
significant antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition 10mm) were further tested to find out the minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
1,10-Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophilane (69.0%) of the oil and 1-10-Epoxy furanoeremophilane (25.2%) also
isolated from leaf oil of Senecio royleanus. Geranyl isobutyrate (30.8%) and geranyl butyrate (10.0%) were
isolated from the oil of Helenium grandiflorum. The oil of S. royleanus showed maximum zone of inhibition
(21mm) against K. pneumoniae. 1,10 - Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophilane showed maximum activity against
A.tumifacienens (13mm) and 1-10-Epoxy furanoeremophilane maximum zone of inhibition against C.albicans
(18mm). It was interesting to note that the oil and compound isolated from S.royleanus might perhaps act as
growth promoter for S. rolfsii.
The essential oil of H. grandiflorum showed maximum inhibitory effect (18 mm) against E. faecalis. The MIC
value was observed at the lowest concentration (31.25 L/mL) against K. pneumoniae and P. multocida. The
115

MBC value at 125 L/mL was observed against K. pneumoniae. The oil showed maximum zone of inhibition
against C. albicans (22 mm) and MIC value was observed at 62.5 L/mL against C. albicans. This is the first
report of furanoeremophelane derivatives reported from steam distillates. The result of present study would be
of a great significance in the discovery of new antimicrobials of plant origin.

PP-107: Studies on chemical composition of Microstylis wallichii Lindl. from
Uttarakhand

Nidhi Lohani
1
, Ravi kumar
2
, L. M. Tewari
1*
and G. C. Joshi
2
1
Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhad, India

2
C. C. R. A. S. Tarikhet, Ranikhet, Almora, Uttarakhad, India
l_tewari@rediffmail.com

Microstylis wallichii Lindl is a Rasayana and belongs to the Astverga. It is important for its medicinal uses in
traditional system of medicine since vedic period but study on the phytoconstituents is very less. Metal content
and volatile constituents in Microstylis wallichii Lindl. (family Orchidaceae) collected from Uttarakhand were
analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and GC and GC-MS respectively. Chemical analysis reveals
that Microstylis wallichii contain 6.48-7.18 ppm Cu, 43.00-49.50 ppm Zn, 35.00-37.00 ppm Mn, 331.00-352.45
ppm Fe, 21600.00-23000.00 ppm K, 1300.00-9000.00 ppm Ca, 2800.00-5300.00 ppm Mg, 198.00-217.50 ppm
Al, 26.70-37.50 ppm Ba, 55.60-59.70 ppm B, 0.27-0.30 ppm Mo, 148.00-156.00 ppm Cl and fatty acids-linoleic
acid (18:26) 61.20-65.23% w/w, -linolenic acid 18.10-15.50% w/w, oleic acid 12.00-14.87 % w/w, palmitic
acid (16:0) 5.90-6.00% w/w, stearic acid (18:0) 2.50-2.10% w/w, -linolenic acid (18:36) 1.87-2.20% w/w,
eicosanoic acid (20:0) 0.81-0.69 % w/w, eicosenoic acid (20:1) 0.42-0.52% w/w and eicosadienoic acid (20:2)
0.04-0.07% w/w. Other chemical constituents which were isolated from Microstylis wallichii are vitamins
tocopherol and -tocopherol 9.80-12.00 ppm and 695.00-786.7 ppm respectively while terpenoids 18.00-
20.50%. It has an Acid value of 1.20-1.39 and saponification value of 103.00-110.50.

PP-108: Water: a pharmaceutical aid for antibiotic production and a vector for
antibiotic resistance

Lalit kumar Uttam, Nitish kumar, Kuldeep, Udayvir and Pranav Gupta
lalituttam123@gmail.com

The word antibiotic comes from the Greek anti meaning 'against' and bios meaning 'life' (a bacterium is a life
form).' Antibiotics are also known as antibacterials, and they are drugs used to treat infections caused by
bacteria. Such a high production is although beneficial yet it encompasses certain hidden threats. Water has a
major role in the antibiotic production. Although the water used for production at various steps serves as a
backbone for the production but the final discharge of the used water causes serious problem. Once drainaged,
the waste water can cause the problems as follows : Firstly, polluting the nearby water body and affecting the
aquatic life to such an extent that even the genetic makeup of the aquatic species are found to be altered.
Secondly, if this water is used for agriculture and harvesting (accidentally or by mistake) it can enter the plant
and then to humans (biomagnification) and the long term use of such an antibiotic treated plant can even
develop antibiotic resistance in humans. Therefore, the waste water must first be treated to overcome the above
mentioned conditions. Heating the water to 130 degrees Fahrenheit (55 degrees Celsius) is found to be
particularly effective in eliminating the genes that confer antibiotic resistance. These genes are used by bacteria
to become resistant to multiple antibiotics, which are then known as "superbacteria" or "superbugs." This is just
a small attempt to explore the hazards of the antibiotic treated water and a solution to overcome it, however
further studies are still required.

PP-109: Usnic acid as a antiprotozoal drugs

Maheep K. Chahar and M. P. Dobhal
maheepchem.iitr@gmail.com

Of the hundreds of known secondary metabolite from lichens, dibenzofuran derivative usnic acid [2, 6-diacetyl-
7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzo-furanddione] has become most extensively studies lichen
metabolite. it is generally isolated from the various species of lichen and most commonly obtained from
116

Parmelia, Cladonia, Alectoria, Usnea, Leconora, Ramalina and Evernia. Usnic acid have been utilized for
medicinal, perfumery, cosmetic as well as ecological applications. Usnic acid containing genera have been used
as a crude drug throughout the world. In studies of antiprotozoal activity, the results are very exciting and show
a path for the search of, a potent antiprotozoal drug from the usnic acid.

PP-110: New scientific development for water and wastewater treatment: a outline on
recent patents

Mahesh Srivastava, Dheeraj Singh Yadav, K. K. Tomer and Ajeet Kumar Agrawal
*

Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
ashima56@hotmail.com, ajeetagrawal1234@rediffmail.com

The concern over increasing needs for drinking water and awareness for development of systems to improve
water quality both for drinking purposes and for effluents from waste water treatment and industrial facilities
have provided incentives to develop new technologies and improve performance of existing technologies. In this
paper, the patents on treatment of water and wastewater approved during the period from 1999 to 2007 were
reviewed. The patents surveyed were classified into two groups as technologies for water purification systems
for drinking water, and technologies for treatment of wastewater. An assessment of the current and future
outlook for development of new technologies, methods of treatment, equipment and instruments which can be
used for water and wastewater treatment applications are presented.

PP-111: Ageratum conyzoides L.: Terpenoid profile, variation with altitude and
antimicrobial activity

Anand B. Melkani
*
and Chandra M. S. Bisht
melkaniab@rediffmail.com

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herb with a long history of traditional medicinal used in many
countries. There are reports on essential oil composition of A. conyzoides growing in 15 different countries.
However, A. conyzoides growing in Uttarakhand was not investigated for its terpenoid composition. The plant
grows wild and grows with wide range of altitude (250 m to 2500 m). Some morphological variations with
altitude made us to take up the present study. Four different sites with appreciable difference in altitude were
selected to find out any qualitative change in the essential oil composition and look for antimicrobial activity of
the oil and chromenes, present in the oil.
The plant material was collected from four different locations (Okhimath 2,500 m, Nainital 1,800 m, Gairsain
1,650 m, and Rudrapur 250 m). Steam volatile constituents were extracted separately, from whole aerial part,
leaves, flowers and roots of each collection and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The chromenes (7-methoxy-2,2-
dimethylchromene and 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene) were isolated by liquid chromatography. The
antimicrobial activity of whole oil and the isolated compounds was determined against five bacterial and five
fungal strains. A significant change in quantitative make up of the terpenoid composition was observed, which
appears to occur due to altitudinal variation. The terpenoid composition, its variation with respect to major
constituents and the antimicrobial activity shall be presented.

PP-112: Heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in Uttarakhand

Mamta Belwal
Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Syleds, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
drbelwalmamta@gmail.com

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important problems in Uttrakhand and causes serious effects to
humans and animals. The aim of the resent study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in main
areas of Uttarakhand and understand the characteristics of the pollution in each area. Soil samples were
collected from a large area of Uttrakhand and analyzed for five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Dd, Zu & Hg) the results
indicate that heavy metal pollution in Uttarakhand has strong regional differences. Using cluster analysis, the
patterns of heavy metal pollution were divided into three major clusters: (i) Nainitial (ii) Dehradoon (iii)
Almora. Our findings indicate that Cromium is abundantly present in all the three clusters, but is maximum in
Almora and Dehradoon. Copper is maximum in Dehradoon and Minimum in Nainital. Zinc is also maximum in
Dehradoon and Minimum in Nainital. Cadmium also follow the same pattern. While Mercury is present in trace
117

amount in Almora and Dehradoon and were found absent in Nainital. Thus our findings indicate that Dehradoon
is most polluted among all the three clusters followed by Almora while Nainital is least polluted among all the
three clusters.
PP-113: Screening of stem extracts of Plumbago Zeylanica L. For antimicrobial activity

Ruby
1
, Manju rani
2*
, Mukesh Chandra
3
, Swapnil Shrama
1
,

Rajani chuhan
1
and Jaya Dwivedi
2
1
Department of pharmacy,
2
Departments of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
3
Department of pharmacy, SGRRITS Patel Nagar Dehradun, India
rani.manju05@gmail.com

Medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. is the member of family plumbaginaceae. All part of this plant like
leaves and stem of the plant contain many chemical constituents for example naphthoquinones, sitosterol,
lupeol, lupenylacetate, hentriacontane and amino acids. The root contains- plumbagin (2- methoxy-5- hydroxyl-
1, 4-naphthoquinone), 3-chloroplumbagin, 3-3- biplumbagin, chitranone (1-2-Dihydro-1(s) 5, 5-trihydroxy-2, 3
R-dimethyle-2-propyl-3,8-bisnephthalene-1,4,4-trione, 2,3- biplumbagin; 6,6- biplumbagin, zeylenone. etc. The
plant also contains lineleic acid, palmitic acid, nonylnonanoate, stigmasterolacetate; lupeol acetate; friedelinol;
lupeol, lupanone; sitosterone and stigmasterone, vanillic acid, 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone, indole-3-
carboxaldehyde. Plumbagin (2-methoxy-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) being the most active constituent
possesses various pharmacological activities viz. antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiotonic and
antifertility action.The crude powdered drug extracted by using different type of solvents. The yields of various
crude extract fractions, screened against antibacterial and antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity were
against most of the bacterial strains except aqueous extract that gave discouraging results and was not found to
be active against any of the bacterial strains.On comparison of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of extract
following conclusion could be drawn:Good yield of crude powdered drug found with Ethanol solvent.
Chloroform extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against different bacteria but show moderate inhibition
against Acinetobacter baumannii while there was no inhibition against Bacillus cereus.The petroleum ether,
chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of stem of Plumbago zeylanica L screened for possible antifungal
activity. But the assay results unexpectedly were not found to be good.

PP-114: Kinetics and Mechanism of Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of
2, 3-dimethylaniline in acetone-water medium

Manmeet Kaur
1
, Payal Rathi
2
and Tarun Kumar
3
1
2
Uttaranchal College of Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Tulas Institute of Engineering & Management, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
manmeet.kaur24@gmail.com

The Mn(II) catalysed reaction between 2,3-dimethylaniline (AMX) and periodate ion in acetone-water medium
Rate of reaction decreases on increasing the ionic strength and decreasing the dielectric constant of the medium.
Free radical scavengers do not affect the reaction rate. One mol of AMX reacts with two moles of periodate
during the initial part of reaction. Results of kinetic studies under pseudo first order conditions, [IO
4
-
] >>
[AMX], are in agreement with the rate law:d[C]/dt = kK
3
K
4
K
w
[Mn
II
] [S] [IO
4
-
]
0
[H
+
] /{K
2
K
w
+ (K
w
+ K
b
K
2

)[H
+
] + K
b
[H
+
]
2
} where kK
3
K
4
is the empirical composite rate constant, K
w
is ionic product of water, K
2
is acid
dissociation constant of H
4
IO
6
-
and K
b
is base dissociation constant of TOL. [S] is the concentration of AMX
and [IO
4
-
]
0
represents the concentration of periodate which has been taken in excess. The 1/k
obs
versus [H
+
]
profile passes through the minimum. The reaction products were subjected to solvent extraction, TLC, melting
point, and spectroscopic studies and characterized as 2,3-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone. The values of
thermodynamic parameters are: Ea = 5.16 kcal mol
-1
, A = 4.19 10
8
dm
3
mol
-1
s
-1
; S
#
= 37.44 cal mol
-1
K
-1
,
G
#
= 16.17 kcal mol
-1
and H
#
= 4.54 kcal mol
-1
. Suitable mechanism has been proposed.

PP-115: Energy saving achieved by switching the option from conventional to green
buildings

Zeba Naaz and Mohammad Shahid
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
zebanaaz_shazeb@yahoo.co.in, mshahid.shazeb@gmail.com
This paper introduces an idea that a significant amount of energy saving can be achieved by switching a
118

conventional building to proposed green building. To demonstrate the energy saving, two building models have
been developed using ENERGY PLUS software. Delhi has been chosen for this study, its altitude is 216m,
latitude 28
0
35 N, and longitude 77
0
12 E. The first model demonstrates the energy consumption in
conventional building. The second model shows the energy consumption in same building by switching some
energy saving parameters such as building orientation, insulation, lighting control etc. Photovoltaic panels are
also implemented to share a prescribed amount of electrical load. The comparison result shows that the
proposed Green Building uses less energy in comparison to conventional building. By incorporating Green
Building strategy, 36% higher net saving of energy and cost as compared to Conventional building is found. The
result shows that carbon emission can also be reduced to a great extent. The study shows that the Green
Building is much reliable, economical and beneficial for human health and environment.

PP-116: Kinetics and Mechanism of oxidation of Phenol by Potassium
Permanganate in alkaline medium

Meena
Chemistry Department, Doon College of Engineering and Technology, Sunderpur, Saharanpur, U.P., India
india0132@rediffmail.com

Kinetic investigation of the oxidation of phenol by potassium permanganate in alkaline medium have been
studied in the temperature range 293, 298 and 303K. The reaction is first order in permanganate ion
concentration and has less than unit order each in phenol and alkali concentration. There was negligible effect of
ionic strength, contamination of basic solution of carbonate, dissolved oxygen and manganate ion (one of the
product). Initially added arcrylonitrile decreased the rate of reaction indicating free radical mechanism. The
results indicate that four molecules of permanganate ion were used by one phenol molecule. On the basis of
these observation a suitable mechanism and rate law have been proposed.

PP-117: Comparative study on Bioremediation of water in conjunction with
terephthalamides obtained from PET waste

R. K. Soni, Meenu Teotia
*
and Shalu Gupta
Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
teotiameenu@gmail.com, rksoni_rks@yahoo.com

Bioremediation refers to the use of microorganisms to degrade contaminants that pose environmental and
human risks. Due to its safety and convenience it has become an accepted remedy for cleaning polluted soil and
water. Generally heavy metals produce their toxicity by forming complexes with water and organic compounds.
Chromium has both beneficial as well as detrimental properties. Cr [III] is essential in human nutrition
especially in glucose metabolism however most of the hexavalent Cr [VI] compounds are toxic. The present
work is focused on the removal of chromium ions from water through bioremediation and also with the help of
terephthalamides obtained from PET waste. The study establishes the efficiency of P. fluorescence in the
absorption, accumulation, degradation and detoxification of chromium in waste water and amides added act as
initiator and were found to increase the activity of P. fluorescence.

PP-118: Tolerance and performance level of some plant species under roadside
Automobile pollution stress

Namita Joshi and Meha Bora
*
Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University,
Hardwar, Uttarakhand, India
mehabora8714@gmail.com

Vegetation naturally cleanses the atmosphere by absorbing gases and some particulate matter through leaves.
Some plants have been classified according to their degree of sensitivity and tolerance towards various air
pollutants. Levels of air pollution tolerance vary from species to species, depending upon the capacity of plants
to withstand the effect of pollutants. In the present study, the susceptibility level of different plant species were
determined which were collected from 4 different traffic intersections within the Haridwar city. These included
Cassia fistula, Bougainvillea glabra, Ficus benghalensis, Psidium gujava, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica,
Saraca indica and Eucalyptus sps. The value of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) has been evaluated by
using 4 different biochemical parameters including ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, pH and relative water
119

content. Combining APTI values with other socio-economic and biological parameters anticipated performance
index (API) of these plant species was also calculated. Both APTI and API values were further used to
categorize the sensitive and tolerant plant species.

PP-119: Effect of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate monomers composition on
initial gloss and gloss retention of emulsion paints

Monika Chaudhary
Department of Chemistry D.A.V College muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
monikachaudhary_2007@rediffmail.com

Emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate studies with different types and different
amount of surfactants and thermal initiator. The polymerization reactions have been carried out at 80 2.0 C
using thermal initiator, for using as a binder in paints. The paint binder for low PVC paints have been developed
and discussed. In order to achieve the good initial gloss, gloss retention, affects of various surfactants, surfactant
level and specially monomers would be studied. The emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate butyl
acrylate was found to be desired properties with 50:50 monomer compositions. Therefore further studies such as
effect of amount of surfactant, initiator, N-methylolacryamide and glycedyl methyl acrylate on emulsion
properties and paints properties. Emulsion polymerization carried out only with 50:50 monomer compositions of
methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate to obtained optimum condition.

PP-120: Eco friendly fuel generation using artificial photosynthesis

Mohit Verma
*
and Mudit Gupta

University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Bidholi Campus Office, Energy Acres,
mailedvirus@gmail.com, mg03719@gmail.com

Recently a working prototype of artificial photosynthesis using a bottle of water mixed with a special catalyst, in
presence of sunlight produced 30 kilowatt/hour energy, enough to power a small home. Now compare this to
fossil fuels which are in short supply, contribute to pollution and global warming. Coal, while abundant, is
highly polluting both to human bodies and the environment, wind turbines hurt picturesque landscapes and
current solar-cell and other renewable energy technologies are expensive and inefficient. Artificial
photosynthesis could offer a new, possibly ideal way out of our energy predicament.
For millions of years, green plants have employed photosynthesis to capture energy from sunlight and convert it
into electrochemical energy. An artificial version of photosynthesis that can be used to produce liquid fuels
fromcarbon dioxide and water is under development. It is a photo electrochemical reaction in which nanotubes
embedded within a membrane act like green leaves, using incident solar radiation (H), in presence of special
catalyst like cobalt oxide to split water molecules (H
2
O), freeing up electrons and oxygen (O
2
) that then react
with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methanol (CH
3
OH) which can be used as fuel for cars. And unlike most
methods of generating alternative energy, artificial photosynthesis can produce more than one type of fuel. The
photosynthetic process could be tweaked so the reactions between light, CO
2
and H
2
O ultimately produce liquid
hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen can be used in hydrogen-powered engines in cars or in fuel-cells which can generate
electricity. The ability to produce a clean fuel without generating any harmful by-products, like greenhouse
gasses, makes artificial photosynthesis an ideal energy source for the environment. And since neither water nor
carbon dioxide is currently in short supply, it could also be a limitless source, less expensive than other energy
forms in the long run. In fact, this type of photo electrochemical reaction could even remove large amounts of
harmful CO
2
from the air in the process of producing fuel. It's a win-win situation.

PP-121: Cyclopropenoid fatty acids in Helicteres isora (Stercuaceae) seed oil

Swatika Sharma, Abdul Malik, Seema Parveen and M. R. K. Sherwani
*
edward_malik86@yahoo.in

Few decades before the detection, isolation and characterization was considered to be a difficult task but with
application of modern analytical techniques the occurrence of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) in the seed oil
is not as uncommon as believed. It is well established that the biogenetic oddity associated with malvalaceae
and sterculaceae seed oils is that they frequently contain epoxy as well as cyclopropenoid acids. There after
120

CPFA has been the subject of much investigation due to their deep biological effects on animals and co-
carcinogenic properties.During the course of chemical analysis of seed oils, it was found that the oil of
Helicteres isora responded to positive Helphen test (red color when heated with 1% solution of sulphur in
carbondisulphide).Therefore the oil was selected for the estimation and characterization of cyclopropenoid fatty
acids.

PP-122: Urea assisted combustion synthesis of LaGdO
3
:Eu
3+
nanoparticles

Mukesh Kumar, V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar
*
and Sonika
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
s_khatkar@rediffmail.com, kumarmukesh81@rediffmail.com

A novel red light emitting Eu
3+
doped LaGdO
3
nanophosphor was synthesized by combustion synthesis using
urea as an organic fuel. The synthesized powder was further treated at different temperatures for 3 hrs to
increase luminescence intensity and crystallinity of the materials. The combustion synthesis provides an
interesting alternative over other elaborated techniques because it offers several attractive advantages such as
simplicity of experimental set-up, surprisingly short time between the preparation of reactants and the
availability of the final product and being cheap due to energy saving. The crystalline structure of prepared
materials, morphology of particles and their photoluminescence properties are characterized by X- ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) under an UV
source for excitation. The particle size of nanophosphor was found to have an average range of 30-70 nm size.
The photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows predominant red color of the nanocrystals prepared under an UV
source that was attributed to transitions [
5
D
0

7
F
2
] at 613nm.

PP-123: Common fiber yielding traditional Techniques in Garhwal Himalaya
(Uttarakhand): A case study

Mukta Dangwal

Govt. P. G. College, New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
muktadangwal@rediffmail.com

Garhwal Himalaya is the most spectacular in its natural assets landform and lush green forest. Uttrakhand state
is the 27
th
newly born state of India comprises 13 districts (four districts are under consideration). It lies in
between 43 to 31
0
8 N latitude and 77
0
35 to 81
0
2 E longitude and is surrounded to the North-west by
Himachal Pradesh, to the north by Tibet (China), to the east by Nepal and to the south by Uttar Pradesh. The
large human populace with diverse life styles, beliefs, traditions and cultural heritage inhabiting in hilly region
of Himalayas has learnt to utilize natural resources and products in various ways. Out of these one of the
common fibre yielding peeled out tecniques of local villagers from different plants. During last five years
authors have been found out 12 plants which are commonly used in fibre by local villagers are listed.

PP-124: Biologically active coordination polymers of transition metals contains 2-
aminobenzoic acid, formaldehyde and diethylenediamine

Nahid Nishat
*
, Shamim Ahmad Khan and Raza Rasool
Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
nishat_nchem08@yahoo.com

Metal chelating polymers containing amide and carboxylic groups were prepared by the reaction of 2-
aminobenzoic acid, formaldehyde and diethylenediamine. The ligand obtained were loaded by metal ion of
Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) The chemical structure of the ligand and its polymeric metal complexes
were confirmed by various spectroscopic studies like IR, UV-VIS,
1
HNMR,elemental analysis
thermogravimetric studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. On the basis of elemental and spectral
studies, six coordinated geometry was assigned to Mn(II), Co(II) Ni(II) and Cu(II) and four coordinated to
Zn(II). According to these result, it is suggested that ligand acts as tetra dentate and coordinates to each metal
atom by amide and oxygen atoms of acid group of the 2-aminobenzoic acid. TGA studies confirm the presence
of water molecules in polymer metal complexes of Mn(II), Co(II) Ni(II) and Cu(II). Antimicrobial activity of
polymer metal complexes against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. albicans, A. niger and
M. canis were measured. It is observed that polymer-metal complexes are efficient and effective antimicrobial
agents.
121

PP-125: Comparative study of the thermal performance of flat plate solar air heater
For different models

Naveen Sharma
*
, Promila and Sunil
sharma.naveen28@yahoo.com

Solar collectors are exaggeratedly efficacious in all fields of living like agricultural, residential and industrial
fields for multifarious applications like: seasoning of timber, greenhouse heating, curing of industrial products
and where less than 100
o
C fluid temperature is required. In recent work, the effect of various environmental
(solar radiation intensity, wind velocity and ambient temperature), design (number of glass cover plate,
emissivity of glass plate and tilt angle) and operating parameters (mass flow rate, Reynolds number) on the
thermal performance have been studied. The present study aims to evaluate top loss coefficient for different
models and finally compare the thermal performance considering different parameters for solar air heater.

PP-126: Composition and antimicrobial activity of cultivated Ocimum basilicum
essential oil from two regions of Uttarakhand

Neelakshi Singh
1*
, Archana N. Sah
1
, Harish C. Andola
2
, Alok Semwal
3
and Deepak Singh Negi
4

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus,
Nanital, Uttarakhand, India
2
Centre for Aromatic Plants, HRDI, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
4

neelakshi.singh@rediffmail.com

The aim of the present study was to identify the volatile components and evaluate the Antimicrobial potential of
the O.basilicum essential oil cultivated and collected from two regions viz. Jaspur and Centre for Aromatic
Plants (CAP) farm, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation were characterized by
GC and GC-MS. Jaspur oil (97.998% of total volatiles quantified) and CAP farm oil (91.04%) contained methyl
chavicol (76.90260%, 67.43030%); linalool (18.32310, 20.19213); Z-citral (0.73396, 0.54708); E-citral
(0.92899,0.97023); cis alpha bisabolene (1.10963, 1.90146), respectively as the major compounds. Percentage
of methyl chavicol was higher in Jaspur oil sample. The Antimicrobial assay of the essential oil samples was
done by Disc-diffusion method. Four bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseuodomonas
aeruginosa and Acinetobacter were used for study. Amikacin discs (30 mcg) were used as std. antibiotic.
Antibacterial potency of the essential oils was assessed by measuring inhibition zone diameter after 24 hr.
growth at 37
0
C. Antifungal activity was tested against Microsporum gypseum, Black fungus, Trichophyton
rubrum and Aspergillus parasiticus. Gentamycin (10 mcg) was used as positive control. Inhibition zones were
observed after 24/48 hr. incubation at 28
0
C. All four bacterial and fungal strains were found to be sensitive to
both the oils. CAPfarm oil sample showed best activity against S. aureus, known to play a significant role in
invasive skin diseases and the oil of Jaspur has good potency against Acinetobacter. A. parasiticus was more
sensitive to CAPfarm oil while jaspur oil has shown best activity against T. rubrum and Black fungus. Both the
oil samples showed good activity against M. gypseum. MIC was carried out by Broth dilution method.
Antimicrobial Activity of the oils may be due to Phenol derivatives. This study has successfully validated the
existence of previously reported methyl chavicol rich chemotype in essential oil of O.basilicum and its folkloric
use as an antimicrobial.

PP-127: Promoting sustainable agriculture through green chemistry

Neelam Kumari
Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
kumarineelam011@gmail.com

Green chemistry is an important tool in achieving sustainability. The scope of the field of green chemistry is
analysed and the capacity of green chemistry to facilitate a shift to sustainable agriculture is evaluated. It is
focused on biopesticides of great concern. Green chemistry connects with sustainable agriculture as a consumer
of agricultural products, as a source for remediation technologies, and as a producer of inputs. The biopesticides
categories and formulations are analysed. Opportunities and challenges for biopesticides which includes safety
and transparency are also discussed. It is conduded that as the area of biopesticides grown in scale, the field of
122

biopesticides is ripe for green chemistrys broad principals based approach sustainability.

PP-128: More Technique: A green transformation method of amide derivatives for
pharmaceutical industry

Neerja Gupta
Department of Chemistry, ANDNNM College, Kanpur, U. P., India
Neerjagupta50@gmail.com

Green technologies are required essentially to protect our environment from pollution.MORE (Microwave-
induced Organic Reaction Enhancement) techniques are potentially valuable as they reduce the need for organic
solvents and also increase atom economy by improving product selectivity and chemical yield. This method
displays both economic and environmental advantages. High yields are achieved even on a gram scale, while
reaction times are considerably shortened. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been found to be an efficient
catalyst for the solid phase green synthesis of amide derivatives of substituted carboxylic acid with urea in
excellent yields under microwave irradiation conditions.
Present paper reveals the method of synthesis of some amide derivatives using CAN as catalyst and their
pharmaceutical application.

PP-129: Mechanistic studies of palladium (II) catalysed oxidation of allyl alcohol by N-
chloro succinimide in aqueous alkaline medium

Neeru Gupta
1*
and A. K. Singh
2

1
Gvernment P. G. College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
,

2
B. B. P.G. College, Jhansi, M. P., India
neerugupta5669@gmail.com

The title reaction is the frist order in [NCS] in the presence of Palladium (II) catalyst. The order in (allyl
alcohol) is less than unity whereas that in [Pd(II)] is unity. Increase in [OH-] accelerates the reaction rate while
added product, succinimide, retards the reaction rate. Increase in ionic strength and t-butanol content in reaction
medium have negligible effect. The mechanism involving the hypochlorate ion as the reactive species of the
oxidant has been proposed. The reaction constants of individual steps involved in the reaction mechanism have
been evaluated. Negligible effect of ionic strength and dielectrict constant on reaction rate might be due to
involvement of neutral substrate in the reaction. The activation energy calculated for Pd (II) catalysed reaction
explains the catalytic effect.

PP-130: Studies of micellization of ionic surfactants in the presence of monohydric
alcohols

Neelima Dubey
drneelimadubey@gmail.com

Speed of sound and density measurements of aqueous solutions of anionic surfactant
sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide
(TTAB) with octan-1-ol, have been measured as a function of concentration of surfactants (0.05 and 0.10)
mol kg
-1
at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15)K. From these measurements, the apparent molar volume (v) and
isentropic compressibility (k
s
) of octan-1-ol have been computed. The standard partial molar volume (
o
v) has
been calculated for rationalizing various interactions in the studied solutions.
1
H and
13
C NMR chemical shift
measurements in micelle solutions containing heptan-1-ol and octan-1-ol have also been carried out in order to
interpret the preferential solubilization site of alcohol on the studied micellar systems. Further, FTIR studies
were also made for the studied surfactant alcohol systems. The thermodynamic investigations clearly indicate
the strong alcohol-aqueous surfactant interactions as concluded from the studied partial molar property. As
alcohol is added at constant surfactant concentration, a significant change in
o
v is observed. The site for
preferential solubilization of alcohol is close to the head group of micelle as interpreted from
1
H and
13
C NMR
studies. The chemical shifts of carbon atoms are associated with the effects of alcohol additives on micellization
of surfactant molecules which consist of hydrophobic contributions. From FTIR studies is it observed that small
increase in concentration of octan-1-ol show a change in O-H stretching but the peak value of C=C- remains
almost unaffected.
123

PP-131: Eco-friendly microwave assisted synthesis and biological activity of new
substituted N-containing heterocyclic chalcone compounds

Neetu Tomer
*
, C. L. Jain and A. K. Singh

Department of Chemistry, M. M. H. College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

tomerneetu14@gmail.com

Some new chalcone compounds having N-containing heterocyclic ring were prepared conveniently in a one pot
reaction with good yields, the desired product in less irradiation times as compared to the classical techniques.
One of the most convenient rapid and ecofriendly method is Microwasve synthesis. The use of Microwave
technology as a non polluting mode of activation accelerates the reaction and reduces the reaction time and
energy input compared to conventional heating method. This method in comparison to conventional method
offers high yields, eliminates the use of toxic organic solvents, and reduces multistep synthesis to one step,
reaction temperature and reaction time from several hours to few minutes which leads to the development of
clean and environmentally benign procedure. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting
points and their structures have been confirmed by suitable spectroscopic techniques such as Mass, IR, H
1
NMR.
All these compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains.

PP-132: Extraction and evaluation of Centratherum Anthelminticum seeds oil

Negi Aruna
1*
, Negi Singh
2
, Deepak
2
, Rasmi
1
and Gupta P. K.
1
1
Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
arunapharma007@gmail.com

The Centratherum anthelminticum seeds consist of volatile oil and are used as helminthiasis, analgesic,
antipyretics, anti-diabeties etc. The Centratherum anthelminticum seeds contain not less than 6% volatile oil.
The volatile oil can be adultrated with other oil in order to reduce the cost. But this affects the therapeutic
efficacy of oils. Present study is based on the extraction and evaluation of oil from Centratherum
anthelmintihincum seeds. Various parameters such as refractive index, optical rotation, specific gravity, alkali-
soluble matter were applied for evaluation of oil. After evaluation of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds oil, it
was found that the Centratherum anthelminticum seeds oil posses the good quality when it was compared with
standard value of various parameters mentioned in the official books. The oil was also evaluated by using thin
layer chromatography.

PP-133: Synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial studies on Manganese(II),
Copper(II), Nickel(II), and Cobalt(II) Complexes of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-pyridine-2-
aldimine

Netra Pal Singh
1*
Gaurav
2
and Jagvir Singh
1

1
Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India
2
Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Gangraur Chhitorgarh, Rajasthan, India
netrapal_chem@yahoo.com

Novel metal complexes of the type [M(L)
2
] (where M= Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II); L= N-(2-
Hydroxyethyl)-pyridine-2-aldimine) have been synthesize and characterized by elemental analysis, molar
conductance, magnetic moments, FTIR,
1
H &
13
C NMR and UV-visible techniques. On the basis of spectral
studies, a octahedral geometry has been assigned for Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes. In vitro
antimicrobial activity of ligand and metal complexes were also studied against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Candida albicans and Candida
parapsilosis) which show antimicrobial activity of ligand and binuclear metal complexes. Metal complexes
show more activities against bacteria and fungi as compared to pure ligand.

PP-134: Role of Green Computing in health monitoring

Papender kumar, Deepak Dangwal

and Nidhi Puri
Department of Computer Science, GBPEC Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
id-papendra1@yahoo.co.in, ddangwalj@yahoo.co.in, nidhipuri22@gmail.com
124

Green Computingis an environmentally responsible use of computer. Green computing is a high performance
computing using, special purpose multiprocessorand high bandwidth interconnection network. Green computing
can be defined as the problem of reducing the overall carbon emission of computing and communication
infrastructure, by using energy-efficient design and operation. Hence there is a need to balance the dramatic
growth of high performance computing cluster. Technical issues in high-performance green computing span the
spectrum from green infrastructure to green hardware (multi-core computing systems, energy-efficient server
design) to greenSoftwareand applications (parallelizing computational science algorithms to run on modern
energyefficientMulti-core clusters).Now in this paper, we have appliedrole of greencomputing inthe field of
health monitoring. The process of implementing and maintaining a structural health monitoring system consists
of operational evaluation, data processing, damage detection and life prediction of structure.

PP-135: Electrochemical determination of chemical warfare agent pyridostigmine
bromide by adsorptive stripping voltammetry and its quantitation in pharmaceutical
formulation

Rajeev Jain, Nimisha Jadon
*
and Keisham Radhapyari
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India
nimisha09@yahoo.com

Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) used as chemical warfare agent, which is currently used for the treatment of
myasthenia gravis and has been applied as a prophylaxis against chemical nerve agents. Electro-analytical
behaviour of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) in BR buffers of pH range 2.410 at a hangingmercury drop
electrode has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse cathodicadsorptive stripping
voltammetry (DPCAdSV) and square-wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWCAdSV).
Voltammograms of the drug exhibited a single two-electron wave and it may be attributedto the reduction of
C=O centre. Based on the high adsorptive character of PB onto the mercuryelectrode, a validated direct square-
wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric and differentialpulse cathodic adsorptive stripping
voltammetric procedure has been developed for the determinationof drug in bulk form and pharmaceutical
formulations. The proposed SWCAdS and DPCAdSvoltammetricmethods allow quantitation over the range 100
ng mL
-1
72 g mL
-1
and 180 g mL
-1
with detection limit of 20.7 and 32.3 ng mL
-1
respectively. The
procedure was applied to the assay of the drug in tabletsform with mean percentage recoveries of 100.1% with
SWCAdSV and 99.99% with DPCAdSV. Precision and accuracy were also checked and were within the limits.
The peak current was linear with the drugconcentration and percentage recovery was found to be good.

PP-136: Going Green: Lower the environmental impact of computing

Nitin Arora
1*
, Satendra Kumar
2
, Vishal Gupta
3
and Jayveer Singh Farswan
4

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College,
Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
nitinarora47@gmail.com, satendrakumar22@gmail.com, vishalgupta87@gmail.com, jayfarswan@yahoo.com

The computer industry impacts the environment during the manufacturing, delivery, operation and end-of-life of
its devices. Todays PCs are far more powerful than the earliest room-filling computers. They also use less
electricity. Arguably the first general-purpose computer, ENIAC drew roughly 150,000 watts of electricity. By
comparison, todays PCs consume about 110 watts. That seems small. But there was only one ENIAC - and
there are 850 million PCs in use today. 850 million PCs consume an immense amount of electricity. Most of it
is provided by burning fossil fuels. This process emits pollutants, sulfur, and carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. These emissions cause respiratory disease, smog, acid rain, and global climate change. From the
largest scalethe earthto the smallest scale of a classroom or an office, the environmental impact of todays
PC architecture is a huge and growing problem. Unfortunately, the impact is largely unaddressed and often
unrecognized. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or office
with PCs warms up very quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost always have to be air conditioned. Air
conditioners raise electricity costs and require large capital expenditures to buy, install, and maintain them.
Electronic waste is a large and growing problem throughout the world. Tens of millions of PCs are disposed of
in landfills and garbage dumps around the world contaminating the soil with toxic e-waste substances like
mercury and cadmium. In this paper we discussed major issues of Green Computing related to the use of
computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental impact, maximizing viability and ensuring
social duties. We also discussed what motivates organizations to go green, and what ITs role in that changes.
125

PP-137: Permanent Magnet Generators: The ideal solution for air pollution

Ojaswa Pratap Singh and Nitin Upadhyay
Amrapali Institute of Technology and Sciences, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
ojaswaee34@gmail.com, nitinairforce@gmail.com

Air pollution is proving to be one of the biggest ills facing humanity, with our environment being under severe
threat from its ubiquitous and ever burgeoning presence. Unfortunately, the primary contributors to air pollution
are the main drivers of development, namely economic activity, industrial growth, increasing energy
consumption, rapid urbanisation etc. Among these, one big villain is the fast increasing use of fossil-fuel
powered vehicles for transportation.
In this scenario, new technological developments provide a glimmer of hope for preventing and controlling air
pollution.We intend focusing onfossil fuel consuming vehicles and other equipment that cause a majority of air
pollution. Therefore,to control air pollution significantly we have to concentrate on cars and other heavy
vehicles. To this end, solar powered cars are available but suffer from a severe limitation, that is solar cars can
only work in the presence of sunshine. In this scenario, a strong contender for the ideal solution is the
Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) technology.
PMG is a mechanism to generate power from wind-energy using a combination of a turbine and alternator.Thus,
it is an alternative to solar power with the added advantage of being able to generate power at most times since
it can generate power at various speeds, irrespective of the time of the day. PMG can generate power at highas
well as at low wind-speed, without much compromise in the power generated by PMG. When the car-speed
becomes less than the turbines threshold speed, the car shifts to power stored in onboard batteries.Upon the
carspeedexceeding the threshold wind-speed, PMG starts providing driving power to the car and recommences
charging the onboard batteries.
PMG can further reduce air pollution by being putto other uses creatively. Apart from use in cars and other
vehicles, fossil fuel is also consumed in generators in many places.These generators can be easily replaced with
PMG or solar power generators, thus further contributing to reduction in air pollution.Similarly, small PMGs,
placed in exhaust fans, can generate power.

PP-138: Quantitative separations of toxic heavy metal ions by using an ion exchange
material

Mu.Naushad
1*
and Pallavi Jain
2

1
Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University,
Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2
Chemistry Department, SRM University, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
mnaushad@ksu.edu.sa, palli24@gmail.com

A new crystalline organic-inorganic composite cation exchanger polyaniline Sn(IV) molybdate was developed
by mixing polyaniline into the inorganic precipitate of Sn(IV) molybdate. This material was characterized by
using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), simultaneous thermogravimetrydifferential
thermogravimetry (TGA-DTA), X-ray, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis studies.
Ion-exchange capacity, effect of calcinations (100-500C) on ion exchange capacity, pH-titrations, elution and
distribution behavior was also carried on this material. On the basis of distribution studies, the material was
found to be highly selective for Pb
2+
ion and its selectivity was tested by achieving some important binary and
ternary separations. Thermodynamic parameters viz- entropy change (S), enthalpy change (H) and Gibbs
free energy change (G) were also calculated.

PP-139: Enlightining the antioxidant usefulness of vitamin C

Nitish Kumar
*
, Lalit Kumar Uttam, Ankit Saini, Ankit Kumar, Pranav Gupta, and Brijesh

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukul Kangri University,
nitishlohan123@gmail.com

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. Most mammals and other animals dont
have the ability to make their own vitamin.Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, an important
structural component of blood vessels.Vitamin C is an electron donor, and this propertyaccounts for all its
known functions.Vitamin C is the bodys most important antioxidant (a chemical that prevented the
126

consumption of oxygen) and forms the front line defense against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. The
antioxidant function of Vitamin C includes scavenging oxygen free radicals which can cause cellular damage.
Ascorbic acid is a potent water soluble antioxidant capable of scavenging/ neutralizing an array of reactive
oxygen species viz., hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, etc at very low concentrations. High intakes of vitamin C have
been linked with a reduction in certain cancers (especially gastric) , cataract and an effective anti-aging nutrient
mainly because of its antioxidant activities.Excessive free radical damage, which is partly responsible for the
aging process, builds up over time. Without the action of antioxidants, excessive free radicals cause irreversible
damage to your cells, accelerating the aging process and increasing the risk of chronic diseases and tissue
degeneration.According to the 20012002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),
mean intakes of vitamin C are 105.2 mg/day for adult males and 83.6 mg/day for adult females, meeting the
currently established recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) .Though ascorbic acid was discovered in 17th
century, the exact role of this vitamin in human biology and health is still a mystery in view of many beneficial
claims and controversies.

PP-140: A novel ionic liquid mediated synthesis of 4(1H)-quinolones, 5H-thiazolo[3,2-
a]pyrimidin-5-one and 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b] benzothiazol-4-ones

Ashok K. Yadav
*
, Pankaj Dhakad and Tripti Yadav

A new, convenient, environmentally benign two-step synthesis of 4(1H)-quinolones, 5H-thiazolo [3,2-
a]pyrimidin-5-one and 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b] benzothiazol-4-ones have been developed by first condensing
substituted arylamine/2-aminothiazole/2-aminobenzenethiazole with Meldrum's acid and trimethylorthoformate
in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide at moderate temperature to afford 5-{(substituted aryl/4-
methylthiazolyl/substituted benzothiazolyl)methylene}-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione. The resulting
compounds upon cyclization in 1-butyl-3-methyl tetrafluoroborate/triflate at moderate temperature gave the title
compounds in excellent yields.

PP-141: Synthesis of Hydroxysodalite from fly ash

Panmei Gaijon and Monika Datta
*

Department of Chemistry University of Delhi, Delhi, India

Production of fly ash has been increasing rapidly for the past 10 years from the coal based thermal power plant.
With the increase in demand for electricity the production of fly ash increases. Therefore, there is need to
develop methodology for the large scale utility of this waste.
Framework aluminosilicates have been synthesized from fly ash using open hydrothermal process. As silica and
alumina are the main constituents of fly ash less amount of heavy metal oxides in it. Fly ash was treated with
alkali solution at mild temperature. The synthesized products were characterized with XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM
and BET techniques.

PP-142: The comparative energy consideration of the atomic term symbols of f
4
& f
10

(m
+3
ion) configuration

P. L. Meena
*
, P. K. Jain, N. Kumar and K. S. Meena
P.G.Department of Chemistry, M. L. V. Govt. P. G.College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India
Parmeshwar1978@gmail.com

The term is a particular energy state and term symbol is a label to energy state .The importance of these term
symbols has been emphasized in connection with the spectral and magnetic properties of complexes, metal free
ions and also provide information about the energy of atomic electrons in orbitals and Total spin, Total orbital,
grand total momenta of whole atom and electronic configuration. Ressel-saunders (L-S) coupling and j-j
coupling schemes are important schemes for determination of terms and term symbols of the atoms and ions of
inner transition elements in which electrons are filled in a f sub-shell with azimuthal quantum number 3. The
determination of terms and term symbols for f
n
configuration is very difficult work since there are seven
orbitals in f-sub shell which give large number of microstates. In this proposed work computation is done for
calculating all possible terms and term symbols regarding for f
4
& f
10
configurations without any long tabulation
127

with mental exercise and a comparative study was carried out between the f
4
& f
10
terms and term symbols. The
possible microstates and spectroscopic terms calculated for f
4
& f
10
configuration (ions M
+3
) are 1001and 47.
These terms are quintets (5), triplets (9) and singlets (9).The ground state term for f
4
& f
10
is
5
I

PP-143: Benzophenone and methylene blue sensitized photo oxygenation of quinine: A
comparative study of photo oxygenation of quinine by singlet and ground state oxygen

Rekha Nagwanshi
1
, Manmohan Lal Satnami
2
, Pathanarif Ali Khan
3
and Shubha Jain
4*

1
Govt. Madhav Science College UJJAIN, Vikram University, Ujjain, M. P., India
2
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. RavishankarShukla University, Raipur, C. G., India
3
Post graduate and Research Centre, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India
4
School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain, M. P., India
drshubhajain@yahoo.com, Rekha.nagwanshi@gmail.com, arif7172@rediffmail.com

Photochemistry is the study of chemical effects produced by light radiation ranging from 200-800 nm
wavelength. Quinine is an important alkaloid widely being used as an antimalarial and antipyretic agent.
Benzophenone and methylene blue sensitized photooxygenation of quinine by uv light in presence of air gave
different products. With benzophenone where oxygen is in the ground state it gave product 3 and with
methylene blue where oxygen is in the excited state, it gave product 4.
The photolysis of quinine was carried out by dissolving 2 gm substrate in 200 ml of dried and distilled alcohol.
The solution was then irradiated by low pressure mercury vapour lamp in an immersion well photo reactor using
sensitizer. Oxygen required for the photo oxygenation was passed through the solution using an aerator. The
progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC in benzene. After completion of the reaction as indicated by
TLC, the products were isolated, purified and then characterized by elemental and spectral analysis (IR,
1
H
NMR,
13
C NMR, Mass). Quinine gave a hydroperoxide with benzophenone which then loses water to give a
ketone while an endoperoxide was obtained with methylene blue sensitizer.

PP-144: A new flavone from Erythrinasuberosa, its biological screening

Pathan Mohd Arif Khan
1*
, Rasheeth Ahmed Khan
2
, Bhagwan Singh Dobhal
3
, Mazahar Farooqui
4

and Ahmed Zaheer
1

1
Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad college, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
2
Post Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, The New College, Chennai, T. N., India
3
Department of chemistry, Barwale College, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
4
Department of chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria college for women, Navkhanda Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
arif7172@rediffmail.com

New flavone (Z)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(isopentyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-(2-methylpent-1-
en-1-yl)chromenylium chloridehas been isolated and screened for its antibacterial and anti-fungal activity from
the flower extract of Erythrinasuberosa. Compound is isolated using column and identified using spectroscopic
techniques mass, HNMR, IR and UV. Compound is found to be more active against E Coli which a gram
negative organism having a zone diameter of 1 cm.

PP-145: Effect of thickness on the optical and electrical properties of Cd
x
Zn
1-x
S vacuum
evaporated thin films

Pawan Kumar
1
, Aravind Kumar
2
and T. P. Sharma
3

1
Department of Physics Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Physics Kalindi College, Delhi university, Delhi, India
3
Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
kumarpawangkv@indiatimes.com

The Binary II-VI groups semiconductor have shown a considerable technological promise for a wide variety of
applications in solid State devices such as Infra-red detector, photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, nuclear
radiation detectors and window for IR laser etc. We have prepared vacuumed CdZnS films deposited by the
vacuum evaporation technique onto highly cleaned glass substrates under the vacuum of the order of 10
-5
torr.
The optical and electrical properties of these films have been studied. The band gap of these films is studied by
absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 400-650nm.The films have a direct band gap, which varies
from3.50ev for Zinc Sulphide to 2.44ev for Cadmium Sulphide.The electrical properties of CdZnS especially
128

dark conductivity and photoconductivity at different temperatures have also been measured using a
programmable digital electrometer.

PP-146: Ecological importance of the forest stands in sub-Himalyan tracks of Garhwal
Himalaya

Peeush Singhal
2
, Ritu Singhal
1*
, Kapil K. Goel
2
and Ashwani K. Jangra
2

1
Department of Biotechnology, Modern Institute of Technology, Dhalwala, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
peeushpharma@gmail.com

To describe the ecological importance of species, community structure and families within study area, the
present study was conducted in tracks of shiwalik Himalayan region of the Garhwal Himalaya. Having done the
experimental approaches for studying forest stands, various analytic characters were determined and calculated.
Species belong to Ulmaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Rosaceae, Combertaceae and Euphorbiaceae were most
dominant, contributed primarily to the oristic composition of the canopy cover & many of their species were
emergent into large canopy trees that accounted for much of the basal area recorded in the study area. The main
vegetation type is a dry & wet deciduous forest described as rich in gregarious Holoptelea, Shorea & Mallotus
spp. Re-growth and secondary forests are present in the lowlands, and very small areas of sub-montane forest
are found on various summits of the different ridges. A few degraded forests occur locally in some of the most
accessible areas.

PP-147: Simultaneous determination of manganese and iron in industrial wastes:
Voltammetric and environmental studies

P. Sharma, K. Jodha
*
and Md. Raees
Electroanalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
sharma_pk00@yahoo.com

It is rather difficult to determine ferric iron in presence of manganese due to more positive reduction potential of
Fe
+3
ion (E= +0.77 V vs NH
3
). Therefore a complexing medium of 0.1M triethanolamine in 0.1M Sodium
hydroxide was used in present studies so as to that potential of complexed ferric ion may be measured alongwith
manganese (Eps : Fe
3+,
-1.07; Mn
2+
, -0.55V vs SCE).
It has enabled in development of a voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of iron and manganese
in industrial waste samples with a detection limit of 0.03g/ml.
The presence of iron and manganese in waste waters might be due to set-up of a large number of metal
industries in Jodhpur which might affect water quality parameters of this region in near future.

PP-148: Voltammetric trace determination of periodate in environmental samples

P. Sharma, K. Songara
*
and R. Bais

Electroanalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur, India
sharma_pk00@yahoo.com

A simple, rapid and sensitive differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method for determination of low
concentration periodate in waste water samples is presented. It is based on the polarographic reduction of
periodate ion in sodium hypochlorite medium. A linearity between 0.02g/ml and 26g/ml of periodate
concentration was obtained with a correlation of coefficient of 0.99. Even compared to other conventional
methods of periodate determination; this method is more specific and suitable due to simple sample preparation,
no interference from major ions and low cost of instrumentation. The developed DPP procedure will be useful in
water quality assessment and control laboratories where a continuous monitoring of oxyanions is mandatory.

PP-149: Purification and Characterization of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases from
Arachis hypogaea

Mukesh Chand
Department of Chemistry D. A. V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
drmukeshtyagi@yahoo.com, Pkgour09@gmail.com

129

An intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase was purified to homogeneity from the Arachis hypogaea L. plant
with 104purification fold and % yield. The molecular mass and iso-electric point of the purified phosphatase
enzyme were about 23.5kDa and 7.9 respectively. The optimum pH, temperature and time were about7.5, 30C
and 30-50 minute when using O-phospho-L-tyrosine as substrate. The protein displayed high stability in a pH
6.0-8.5 at 30C and remarkably thermostable at 50C. The purified PTPase enzyme showed high activity on O-
phospho-L-tyrosine, a specific substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase. Although one peptide of the purified
PTPase shared identity with Oxalate oxidase of Arachis hypogaea, its substrate specificity and inhibitor
sensitivity indicate that the purified enzyme is a protein tyrosine phosphatase.

PP-150: Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced low density polyethylene
nanocomposites for suppression of electromagnetic radiation

Prabha Singh
1
, Trilok Kumar Pathak
2
, L. P.Purohit
2
and R. P. Chauhan
1

1
NIT, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
2
1
Department of Physics, NIT, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
prabhasingh07@gmail.com, tpathak01@gmail.com, lppurohit@gmail.com, chauhanrpc@gmail.com

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were
prepared by solvent casting followed by compression molding technique. Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
shielding effectiveness (SE) of these composites was investigated in the frequency range of 12.418 GHz (Ku-
band). The experimental results indicate that the EMI-SE of these composites is sensitive to the MWCNT
loading. The average value of EMI-SE reaches 22.4 dB for 10 wt% MWCNT-LDPE composites, indicating the
usefulness of this material for EMI shielding in the Ku-band. The main reason for improved SE has been
attributed to significant improvement in the electrical conductivity of the composites by 20 orders of magnitude,
i.e., from 10-20 for pure LDPE to 0.63 S/cm for MWCNT-LDPE, which is three order of magnitude higher than
the previous reports for MWCNT-LDPE composites. Differential scanning calorimeter of the MWCNTLDPE
composites showed around 37% improvement in the crystalline contents over pure LDPE samples which
resulted into enhanced thermal stability of the composites. The thermal decomposition temperature of LDPE is
shifted by 40
o
C on addition of 5 wt% MWCNT. The studies therefore show that these composite can be used as
light weight, thermally stable EMI shielding, and antistatic material.

PP-151: Microgram determination of o-toluidine in acetone water medium - A new
method

Prabha Singh
1
, Tarun Kumar
2
and Payal Rathi
3

1
Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India
2
Tulas Institute of Engineering & Management, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
drprabhasinghchem@yahoo.co.in

The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-toluidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to
spectroscopic studies, is methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic
strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of o-
toluidine in the range 21. 43 492.94 g/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendells
sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been
evaluated. An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied.
Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.

PP-152: Feasibility studies of biogas production from Jatropha de-oiled cake with a
modified floating dome anaerobic digester
A. K. Sharma
*
, R. Mahajan and P. K. Sahoo,
University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
amitsharma081182@yahoo.co.in,pksahooiitd@yahoo.com

In recent years, jatropha based biodiesel, a clean and renewable form of energy, has attracted considerable
130

attention as a promising approach to substitute the conventional sources of energy and decentralized rural
development in India. The method of utilization of jatropha seeds consumes only extracted vegetable oil for
biodiesel production and renders a huge amount of de-oiled cake as a by-product which neither can be used for
animal feeding nor can be used directly in agricultural farming due to its toxic nature. The present investigation
is a part of the project titled Establishment of jatropha de-oiled cake based biogas plant, sponsored by
Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology (UCOST). In the present studies, focus has been given on
detail analysis and utilization of jatropha seed cake for biogas production and remaining sludge as organic
manure. The experiment was conducted on a modified floating dome type digester of capacity 6 m
3
/day for 60
days. 50% of cattle dung and 50 % of jatropha de-oiled cake was mixed and fed daily for 60 days. The dilution
ratio of the mixer with water was varied from 1: 3 to 1:4. The rate of biogas production was recorded two times
a day at an interval of 12 hours by measuring the lift height of the drum.
It was observed from analysis of jatropha de-oiled cake that 58.13%, 6.27%, 8.71%, 12%, 92.5%, 93.55% and
6.45% of crude proteins, crude fiber, neutral fiber, oil content, solids, volatile solid and non-volatile solids were
present in the biomass respectively. During ultimate analysis of jatropha de-oiled cake it was found that carbon,
nitrogen and hydrogen content of the de-oiled cake were 44.51%, 3.69% and 6.90% respectively, which was
generally higher than that of cattle dung used for base line data. It was also observed that mixture of 30 kg cow
dung and 30 kg jatropha de-oiled cake with 1:4 dilution ratio of water is able to produce biogas about 6 m
3
per
day at 30
o
C at optimum condition. Biogas produced from the mixer of 50% cattle dung and 50% jatropha de-
oiled cake contains 60-65% and 30-40% of methane and carbon dioxide which was higher than the pure cattle
dung based biogas. The sludge remaining after anaerobic digestion was analyzed as organic manure which had
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of 1.81%, 1.37% and 1.42% respectively.

PP-153: comparative study of copolymers of lactic acid based cured films on fungal
degradation

R. K. Soni and Prachi Agarwal
prachiagarwal321@yahoo.co.in, rksoni_rks@yahoo.com

Polyesters have recently become materials of considerable interest because of their potential biodegradability.
There are two kinds of polyesters: aliphatic and aromatic and their biodegradability is completely different.
Direct microbial or enzymatic attack of pure aromatic polyesters is not significant and quite insensitive to
hydrolytic degradation while aliphatic polyesters are considered to be susceptible to microbial attack. In order to
solve the problem of aromatic polyester nondegradability, aliphaticaromatic copolyesters were made.
In the present work, polycondensation approach was attempted to produce medium molecular weight
copolymers (Copolymer1of lactic acid, terephthalic acid & ethylene glycol while Copolymer2 of lactic acid,
maleic anhydride & propylene glycol). Synthesized copolymers were characterized for various properties such
as acid value, hydroxyl value, number average molecular weight and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized
copolymers have been used for the development of films of different formulations and their fungal
biodegradation was studied using different fungal species such as Trichoderma lignorum & Aspergillus niger.
The extent of biodegradation was examined by weight loss and scanning electron microscopy. The T. lignorum
degraded both the copolymers i.e. 1&2 to a greater extent and maximum weight loss is observed in film
degradation.

PP-154: Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents in extracts
of Valeriana jatamansi exposed to variable light

Pradeep Babu
1*
, Satish K. Verma
2
and Abhishek Mathur
3
1

2
Sai Institute of Paramedical & Allied Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, DBGI, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
biotech.pradeep@yahoo.com, mathurabhishek37@yahoo.com

In the present study, polar and non polar solvent extracts of roots of Valeriana jatamansi were prepared by
exposing each of the extracts in different conditions of variable light viz. sunlight, UV light and dark. The study
was carried out to reveal the potent extracting solvent and the active constituents in the extracts. The results
confirmed that the ethanol is the best solvent for extraction of phytoconstituents and determination of
antimicrobial activity in dark/cold conditions. In the present study the results emphasized that the extracts
exposed in dark/cold during preparation showed potent antimicrobial activity in comparison to the extracts
131

exposed in UV and sunlight. It was observed that ethanolic and chloroform extracts prepared in dark were
having presence of most of the phytoconstituents which were not found in their respective extracts exposed to
variable light. These results thus interpret that dark conditions are much more beneficial for the positive
screening of phytoconstituents. There might be some loss in phytoconstituents exposed to UV and sunlight.

PP-155: Efficient protocols to the hetero annulation of 5-oxadiazolyl substituted
privileged Template of 1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-thione with medicinally potent thiazolidine
nucleus

Pragati Devi
*
, Aarti and Dharma Kishore
pragati.banasthali@gmail.com

The search for novel compound libraries with potential biological activities is a major focus in research in the
field of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Libraries developed based on small molecules of privileged
structures have been of special interest in the discovery of novel medicinally potent agents. Due to the wide
range of biological activities displayed by the privileged nucleus of 1, 4- benzodiazepines, this system has
drawn considerable attention of chemists in the discovery of novel agents from this nucleus. The advent of anti-
HIV activity in the imidazolo and pyridino annulated analogue of 1, 4- benzodiazepine and pyrido diazepine
(TIBO, Nevirapine etc.) and anti-cancer activity in the antibiotics derived from pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 4]-
benzodiazepine nucleus has been hailed as a major step forward in the battle against HIV and cancer
respectively. This provided an optimism to us, for the discovery of novel agents from the other tricyclic and
tetracyclic heteroring annulated analogues of 1, 4-benzodiazepines. We report in this communication, efficient
protocols to the rapid access of face a thiazolidino annulated analogues of 1, 4- benzodiazepine containing an
oxadiazole nucleus at 5-position in its molecule. An examination of the structure of 5-oxadiazolo substituted 1,
4- benzodiazepine-2-one (5) revealed that the C
2
carbonyl function (which existed as a part of the NH-C=O
group) was the only site in its seven membered ring of this nucleus which provided scope for its
functionalization and its subsequent elaboration to produce structural analogues of medicinal utility. We
envisioned that presence of an azomethine function containing the SH group on its 2-position should have the
potential to undergo reaction with a variety of bidentate reactants to furnish its face a annulated analogues of
medicinal interest. Application of this strategy on 6 with (i) ethyl chloroacetate (ii) chloroacetone (iii) 2-
chlorocyclohexanone and (iv) N-benzyl-2-bromo-4-piperidone afforded the face a thiazolidino annulated
analogues 7, 8, 9 and 10 respectively. The key intermediate (6) was obtained from 1 on the application of
established literature protocols on it, in succession, to first form the 7-fluoro-1, 4-benzodiazepin-5-methyl
carboxylate (2) from 7-fluoro-1-chloroacetylisatin and methanolic hexamine. Its ester group on reaction with
hydrazine hydrate afforded the acid hydrazide (3) whose reaction with CS
2
+KOH followed by treatment with
HCl yielded the corresponding oxadiazole derivative (4). Compound 4 reacted smoothly with N, N-
dimethylamino-2-ethylchloride in appending this motif on to the SH group of oxadiazole ring to give 5.
Compound 6 had resulted from 5 on allowing it to react with Lawessons reagent. The products were tested for
purity by tlc and characterized by microanalysis, IR,
1
HNMR and MS data.

PP-156: Studies on the concentration of air pollutants and their impact on biochemical
parameters of selected plant species around the city of Hardwar, uttarakhand, India

P. C. Joshi and Mahadev Semwal
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand,
India
prakash127@yahoo.com, dev_semwal5@yahoo.com

Monthly analysis of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), suspended particulate matter (SPM),
Sulphur dioxide (SO
2
) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
) was carried out at two selected sites viz. a polluted site with
high vehicular density and a control site located within district Haridwar. Further studies on the impact of these
pollutants on biochemical parameters of two selected plant species, Eucalyptus citridora and Holoptelea
integrifolia were also carried out. The higher level of these air pollutants in the ambient air was mainly due to
higher concentration of vehicles at polluted site. The concentration of SPM and RSM, when compared with the
previous studies was found higher by 23.68 and 33.0 % respectively; similarly the concentration of SO
2
and
NO
2
has increased by 65.67 and 68.84% respectively. A decrease in the concentration of Chlorophyll a, b, total
chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and caratenoids was recorded in the leaf samples collected from polluted site thus
132

impacting the loss of total productivity of the plant species. These results are based on continuous monitoring of
air pollutants since 2003 to till date.

PP-157: Counterfeit (Fake) drugs & new technology to identify it in India

Kuldeep Singhal
*
, Pranav Gupta

and Ashish Pandey

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
pranav1391@yahoo.com

A counterfeit medicine is one which is deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity or
source. Counterfeiting apply to both branded and generic product which include products with the wrong
ingredients, without active ingredients, with insufficient active ingredients. According to WHO, 25% of
medicines consumed in poor countries could be counterfeit or below standard.An estimate suggests that these
drugs are a $200 billion industry worldwide. India could be an easy target for counterfeits, as the manufacturing
costs is 40% cheaper here as compared to other countries. Deputy drug controller general of India says,
counterfeit medicines often resemble the originals in chemical composition, but he thinks the biggest problem is
in the packaging. A committee set up by the Indian Ministry of Health has approved a proposal to put 2D bar
codes and scratch-off labels on medicines. The user scratches off the cover and tests what is underneath to a free
phone number, to find out if a pill is real. Quick Response (QR) codes are also being tested. These printed
squares are an advanced version of the 2D bar codes. Anyone with a camera-enabled phone and web access can
scan the code and be taken instantly to the pharmacy company website to authenticate the drug. Hewlett-
Packard is one of the company offering a solution, a cloud based platform called Global Authentication Service.
This 2D bar code lets pharma companies track drugs through the supply chain. From 1October 2011, it will be
mandatory for all pharma exporters to print bar codes on their tertiary or outer most packaging.

PP-158: Research focused towards exploring the possibility of finding a substitute to
HAART in anti-HIV chemotherapy

Pratima Sharma, Manju Rani, Navjeet Kaur, Aastha Pareek and Dharma Kishore
niti.angle@gmail.com

The advent of the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimens comprising of three or four US-FDA
approved anti-retroviral drugs in a cocktail for the treatment of AIDS has been highly encouraging as it suppressed
the viral load in patients, but rapidly emerging multidrug resistant HIV-1 viral strains and severe adverse effect from
long term HAART medication has necessitated this therapy to be supplanted by additional newer agent to combat
this disease. Highly encouraged by the treatment option which the HAART has provided, we reasoned that an even
still better treatment option could possibly emerge by joining the two or more than two enzyme inhibitors , in a
single molecule, by resorting to such synthetic endeavors which allowed these to unite together to become the part of
the same molecule. The motivation to explore this treatment option derived its inspiration on this premise that their
presence in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to enhance the potency by
providing an additive effect on the overall bio-efficacy in he resulting molecules.
Inspired by the impressive anti-HIV profiles of benzo (pyrido) diazepines and FDA approved anti-HIV agent
etravirine, our aim has been to develop a substitute to HAART by synthesizing 1, 5-benzodiazepine molecules
which incorporated in them, the structural features of the vital fragments of etravirine. The synthesis in this direction
proceeded by using the privileged template of 1, 5-benzodiazepine as a building block and incorporating on to it, at
it 2-position the vital fragments of etravirine.
In order for our synthetic plan to succeed to give the above 2-subsituted 1, 5 benzodiazepine derivatives, we required
a good synthesis of 2-thiomethyl ether substituted analogue of face c cyclohexano annulated 1, 5- benzodiazepine.
An innovative protocol to the synthesis of this material emerged on exploring the potential of the ketene dithioacetal
derivative of cyclohexanone, on its reaction with o-phenylenediamine. Nucleophilic development of 2-
iminothiomethylether function with the vital fragments of etravirine such as p-aminobenzonitrile, 2, 6-dichloro-4-
amino pyrimidine, 6-(p-cyanophenylamino)-2-chloro-4-amino pyrimidine etc. afforded the corresponding 2-
substituted 1, 5-benzodiazepine analogues, in acceptable yields. The purity of the compounds was checked by TLC
and their structure were established on the basis of their spectral data. The impact of the substitution of the 1, 5-
benzodiazepine nucleus with the vital fragments of etraverine, on biological properties of the compounds are under
study.

133

PP-159: Green clouds: A new framework for goodput enhancement of cloud computing

Ashish Negi, Priti Dimri and Praveen Tiwari
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
ashish.ne@gmail.com,,pdimri1@gmail.com, tiwari_prav@yahoo.com

Information Technology (IT) impacts repugnant on environment because of its large amount of vulnerable
emission of gases. Recent days, the research area of "Green Computing" and low power consumption
networking infrastructures is on new heights for both service/network providers and equipment
manufacturers. Considering the area of Green computing which becomes increasingly important in the
world with limited energy resources and an ever-rising demand for more computational power. In this
paper a new framework is presented that provides efficient green enhancements within a scalable Cloud
computing architecture. Using power-aware scheduling techniques, variable resource management and a
minimal virtual machine design, overall system efficiency will be vastly improved in Cloud Computing.

PP-160: Microwave-assisted synthesis of Coconut oil Rosin Based polymeric Surfactants

Pravin A. Dhakite
1
, B. B. Gogte
2
and B. W. Phate
3

1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engg. Technology and Research,
Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri Shankarprasad Agnihotri College of Engineering, Ramnagar, India
3
Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
pravinchemkb@gmail.com

The present work is aimed at studying the microwave synthesis of polymers based on coconut oil, rosin, and maleic
anhydride. Various mole ratios, reaction temperatures, microwave power and time of reaction will be studied. The
idea is to develop a polymer with higher acid value and with good surfactant characteristics. It is also plan to
compare the result of conventional synthesis in glass reactor with microwave synthesis. This comparison will indicate
the exact benefit of microwave synthesis as against the conventional method in terms of quality as well as the
physico-chemical characteristics of the products. Various polymers prepared under different parameter will be
thoroughly analyzed for Acid Value, Viscosity, HLB Ratio, Density, pH, IR Spectroscopy, NMR and Colour
characteristics. The sample with desired HLB ratio viscosity and color will be selected and its properties will be
compared with the conventionally synthesized polymer. The polymer by conventional method will also be prepared
using conventional modes.
This experiment will help us to identify those formulations which are comparable and better than polymer prepared
by conventional method. As the process requires less time and less amount of raw material one can study various
batches of varying parameters to yield a product best in all concern. The overall concept is to promote green chemistry
for synthesis and utilization of polymer making environment free from pollution to some extent.

PP-161: Comparative study of diclofenac sodium microspheres prepared by different
methods

Khulbe Preeti
1*
and Negi Deepak
2

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University
Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
khulbe.preeti@yahoo.in, preeti.khulbe@yahoo.com

The aim of this study is to compare the release of diclofenac sodium from controlled release microspheres
prepared by different methods and different polymers. The different methods used are solvent evaporation
method, multiple emulsion method, cross linking method and emulsion polymerization method by using ethyl
cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, glutaraldehyde, chitosan, sodium alginate and albumin polymers. The
prepared microspheres were evaluated on the bases of drug loading, entrapment efficiency and drug release. The
results of microspheres prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation, multiple emulsion method, cross linking
method and emulsion polymerization method were the maximum drug loading was 13.33%,15.45%, 20% and
10.72%, the maximum entrapment efficiency was 72%, 51%, 83% and 67% and the maximum drug release after
10 hrs was 80%, 96.32%, 69% and 98.7% respectively. So on the basis of these results it was concluded that for
the preparation of diclofenac sodium microspheres cross linking method using glutaraldehyde and chitosan
134

polymers, is the best method because it shows good drug loading , entrapment efficiency and controlled drug
release.

PP-162: Livestock, soil compaction and water infiltration rate as influenced by grazing
pressure in the temperate grassland of Kumaun Himalaya

Prem Prakash
Department Of Botany, Govt. P. G. College, Dwarahat, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
drpp_bot@yahoo.co.in

The effect of grazing pressure on productivity, bulk density and infiltration rate was studied on a natural pasture
during 2009 in the temperate grasslands of Almora district. The influences of continuous, rotation and no
grazing systems on soil compaction and water infiltration were assessed. The grazing regimes were: light
grazing stocked at 0.6 animal-unit-months (AUM)/ha; heavy grazing stocked at 3.0 AUM/ha and a control with
no grazing. Heavy to very heavy grazing pressure significantly reduced biomass amounts, ground vegetative
cover, increased surface runoff and soil loss, and reduced infiltrability of the soil. Long-term grazing increased
compaction of soils but only in the top 0 to 10 cm. Bulk density measurements showed that both moderate and
heavy stocking densities had a significant impact. Reduction in infiltration rates was greater on soils which had
been ploughed and exposed to very heavy trampling. It was observed that, for the same % vegetative cover,
more soil loss occurred from plots on steep than gentle slopes, and that gentle slopes could withstand more
grazing pressure without seriously affecting the ground biomass regeneration compared to steeper slopes. The
average water infiltration was significantly less in the fall than in the spring for the heavy stocking rate but
showed no seasonal effect for the moderate stocking rate. Thus, there is a need for developing 'slope-specific'
grazing management schedules particularly in the highland ecozones rather than making blanket
recommendations for all slopes. More research is needed to quantify annual biophysical changes, in order to
assess cumulative long-term effects of grazing and trampling on vegetation, soil, and hydrology of grazing
lands. Modeling such effects is essential for land use planning in these fragile temperate grasslands.

PP-163: 28-norlup-20(29)-ene-17b-yl acrylic acid Analogues as Cancer Chemo-
preventive Agents

Prince Prashant
2*
, R. K. Roy
1
,

Vipin K. Sharma
2
and A. Chaudhary
1

1
Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, U.P., India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
ppsgkv@rediffmail.com

Betulin and betulinic acid are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes showing cytotoxicity towards a number
of cancer cell lines. We have modified structures of betulin by simple transformation to betulinal and introduced
acrylic group at C-28 position. This allowed us to achieve newer analogues which were further were
characterized by using FT-IR,
1
H-NMR analytical techniques. Among all the derivatives only few compounds
were selected and evaluated for anticancer activity using ATT assay.

R
O

PP-164: Seasonal Dynamics in soil microbial biomass carbon and available nutrients in
a subtropical forest ecosystem, Uttarakhand, India

Namita Joshi and Priya Chaudhary
*

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
riaenv@gmail.com
Soils are the substrate where living organisms interact with non living materials, the decomposition and
135

mineralization processes by microorganisms and bacteria take place and other cycles of elements develop
between soil and atmosphere. Soil microbial biomass contains important labile pools of C and mineral nutrients
which are liberated after the death of microorganisms. Seasons influence microbial numbers and mass either
directly by inducing microbial responses to soil changes or indirectly by influencing plant metabolism. The soil
microbial biomass carbon was estimated in two regions of subtropical forest ecosystem, Uttarakhand, India to
assess the influence of other soil variables and difference in forest regions on the seasonal variation in soil
microbial biomass. Soil physico-chemical characteristics also have a great impact on microbial biomass and
microbial activity and can be used to measure soil quality. Viable microorganisms, soil respiration, available N,
Ca, Mg, Na, K and P contents were determined in soil samples collected in summer (May-August) and winter
(December-March). A significant seasonal effect on the microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity and
available nutrients was detected in the soils studied.

PP-165: Application of 2-carboxylic acid ester substituted Enolic Thioethers as versatile
intermediates in the synthesis of fused Heterocyclic Systems

Priyanka Chaudhary, Aarti, Pragati Devi and Dharma Kishore
*

priyankachaudhary2009@gmail.com

Ubiquity of 1,5-benzazepines (1,5-benzodiazepines, 1,5-benzothiazepines, 1,5-benzoxapines) and pyrimidine
class of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds in the chemical literature is undoubtedly a consequence of
multifarious biological response which they elicit in combating a variety of body ailments. Recent
demonstration that their derivatives (for example dipyridodiazepine derivative Nevirapine and pyrimidine
derivative Etravirine) can be used in the treatment and control of AIDS has stimulated further interest in these
nuclei from yet another perspective. Greatly encouraged by the bioactive profiles of these heterocyclic scaffolds
we intended to develop the potential bioactive molecules from these which incorporated into them the structural
features of 1,5-benzazepines and pyrimidines in a single molecular framework , on this premise that their
presence in tandem in the same molecule could contribute significantly to the biological activity in the resulting
material by providing an additive effect on the overall potency in the molecules.
Herein, in this communication, we report the preliminary results of our study which was carried out as a part of
an ongoing endeavour to create small novel molecules derived from the above privileged heterocyclic
scaffolds with anticipated biological activities, from easily accessible starting materials. An expedient protocol
to the synthesis of the projected molecules 9,10,11,12, 13, 14 and 15 emerged on exploring the potential of the
2-carboxylic acid ester substituted enolic thioether intermediates derived from the corresponding 1,5-
benzodiazepines nucleus (1),(scheme-1). It is known that enolic thioether group and the alkoxy group of an
ester are highly activated for the nucleophilic attack. This feature of 1 was very elegantly exploited in the
present work in the nucleophilic displacement of these with such bidentate nucleophiles as urea (2), thiourea
(3), guanidine (4), acetamidine (5) (to give the face b fused pyrimidine analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines
9,10,11 and 12) and with o-phenylenediamine (6), o-aminothiophenol (7) and o-aminophenol (8) (to give the
face b 1,5-benzodiazepine, 1,5-benzothiazepine, 1,5-benzoxapine analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines 13,14 and
15) respectively in good yield. Compound 1 which formed a key intermediate in this synthesis was in turn
prepared from the reaction of oxoketene dithioacetal derived from diethyl malonate, with o-phenylenediamine.

PP-166: Synthesis & Characterization of nano-porous copolymeric hydrogel for insulin
delivery

Yougesh Kumar
*
and Priyanka Tyagi
Department of Zoology, D. A. V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
dryougeshkumar@yahoo.co.in

Free radical polymerization technique was used to prepare nano-porous poly (HEMA-co-EGDMA) copolymeric
hydrogels using 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) as monomer, different concentration of ethylene glycol
dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. Characterization of the synthesized nano-porous copolymeric
hydrogel was carried out using standard techniques like FTIR, DSC, AFM, swelling studies etc. FTIR spectrum
of hydrogels showed the absorption bands associated with -C=O stretching at 1714 cm
-1
, C-O-C stretching
vibration at 1152 cm
-1
and a broad band at 3500-3800 cm
-1
corresponding to OH stretching independent of
EGDMA & water concentration used in polymerization mixture. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that
hydrogels containing 67 % of water having the uneven pore distribution in the range of 3500-9000 nm, while
hydrogel containing 7% of water did not showed measurable pores. In-vitro insulin release studies suggest that
136

hydrogel with 27% of water had sustained release upto 120 minutes, while hydrogel with 47 & 67% water
showed that nearly all the insulin released within 60 minutes. Animal studies suggest that hydrogel devices
synthesized using 27% of water and filled with insulin (120 I.U.) were able to control the blood glucose level
upto 3
rd
day of implantation.

PP-167: An ammended analogue of delavirdine explored for its use in anti-HIV
chemotherapy

Rachna Mishra
*
and Dharma Kishore
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali-University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
rachna.mishra931@gmail.com

Clinical evidence has demonstrated a limited long- term efficacy of the FDA approved anti-HIV agent
delavirdine even in the combinations therapy [Highly active anti-retroviral therapy HAART which comprises
of three/four FDA approved anti-HIV drugs in combination], due to the emergence of drug resistant mutant of
the virus. To circumvent this therapeutic difficulty a search for novel delavirdine analogues with enhanced
activity/metabolic stability was pursued. One can discern the presence of two bioactive pharmacophores viz; the
indole and the pyridine nucleus, as well as one sulphonamide group in the molecule of delavirdine. On this basis
one can reason that the problem associated with the emergence of the viral strains resistant to delavirdine could
possibly be circumvented by replacing this nucleus by such medicinally potent heterocyclic scaffolds which
have the proven record of bioactivity profile in the literature. One such nucleus is pyrimidine which has been
known to belong to a class of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds whose numerous derivatives have been identified
for their selective activities against a diverse array of biological targets. This provided an impetus to us to
replace the pyridine scaffold of delavirdine with the pyrimidine nucleus by resorting to an innovative technique
for its incorporation using a synthetically acceptable protocol.

N
H
O
O
N
O
O
R
N
O
R
EtOOC
CH3
O
N
O
R
EtOOC
O
SMe
SMe
N
O
R
EtOOC
O
SMe
N
N
CH3
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
O
CH3 R
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
S
CH3
R
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
CH3
CH3
R
N
O
EtOOC NH
N
N
N
NH2
CH3
R
Urea
Thiourea
Acetamidine
Guanidine
Scheme-1
1
2(a-d)
3(a-d)
4(a-d)
5(a-d)
6(a-d)
7(a-d)
8(a-d)
9(a-d)
N
N
N O
N N R
R=
a.
b.
c.
d.
N
O
C NH
N
N
N
O
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
N
O
C NH
N
N
N
S
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
N
O
C
N
N
N
N
CH3
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
N
O
C
N
N
N
N
NH2
CH3 R
O
HN
H3COC-HNO2S
Sulphacetamide
Sulphacetamide
Sulphacetamide
Sulphacetamide
Aceto acetic
ester CS
2
,CH
3
I
NaOEt
NaOEt
10(a-d)
11(a-d)
12(a-d)
13(a-d)
N HN CH3

137

PP-168: Removal of Cadmium from the Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation
Technology

Pushpendra
1
, R. P. Singh
2
and S .N. Mishra
3

1
Department of Applied Sciences, AKGEC, Ghaziabad, U.P., India
2
Department of Physics, Dayanand PG College, Haryana,
3
SCRIE & T., CCS University Meerut, U. P., India
psdhama@rediffmail.com

Phytoremediation is an environment friendly and green technology in which plants are used to clean up the
pollutants from their surrounding. Six plant species, namly Raya (Brassica juncea), Toria (B. compastris), Oat
(Avena sativa), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Bathua (Chenopodiun murale) and Rijhka (Medicago sativa) were
grown in two types of cadmium spiked soils (soil-1, sandy loam soil and soil-2, sewage water irrigated soil).
The pot study was conducted with five Cd levels, i. e, 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg Cd Kg
-1
soil. Root and shoot
biomass of all the six species was investigated in both soils. The increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in soil
results decreases in the yield of all the six species.

PP-169: Utility of national green tribunal act 2010 in Green Technology in India

Radheshyam Prasad
College of Legal Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
radheshyampd@gmail.com

Green Technology is that in which the technology is environmentally friendly and is created and used in a way
that conserves natural resources and environment- more emphasis in the field of energy, alternate sources of
energy, green building, environmentally preferred purchasing, green chemistry, green nanotechnology etc- India
is a party to the decisions taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at
Stockholm in June 1972, in which India participated, calling upon the states to take appropriate steps for
protection and improvement of the human environment- During the Rio De Janeiro summit of United Nations
Conference on environment and development in Jun 1992, India vowed the participating states to provide
judicial and administrative remedies for the victims of the pollutant and other environment damage- carbon
trading- Principle of polluter pays and sustainable development- concept of Absolute Liability- Bhopal MIC gas
tragedy case and MC Mehta v. Union of India AIR 1987 SC 1086- leakage of oleum gas in Delhi case - Object
of National Green Tribunal Act 2010 A special fast track court to handle effectively and expeditious disposal
of the cases pertaining to environmental issues - establishment of National Green Tribunal in New Delhi with
four zonal branches at Kolkata, Pune, Chennai and Bhopal- Jurisdiction, powers and proceedings of the
National Green tribunal-The Tribunal has jurisdiction over all civil cases where a substantial question relating to
environment( including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment), is involved and such question
arises out of the implementation of the enactment , settle such disputes and pass order thereon - Tribunal has
also appellate jurisdiction against the order or decision passed by the appellate authority of the
Water(Prevention and Control of pollution) Act 1974, the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, the Air(Prevention
and Control of pollution) Act 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 etc.- power to pay relief or
compensation in case of death, injury to any person or damage to any property or environment- Lavasa case-
The Bombay High court has desired to refer the Lavasa related issue to National Green Tribunal Thus the
National Green Tribunal Act 2010 shall be protector of environment and also encourage the Green technology.

PP-170: Innovative Method for utilizing solar PV energy extracted from the sun by
Dual mode operated single DC motor in series and separately excited

Rahat Ullah khan
1
and Huma Arjumand
2

1
Department of Electrical Engineering, MBU, Himachal Pradesh, India

2
Department of Basic Sciences, Ideal Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U.P., India
rahatkhan@kiet.edu, huma_arjumand@rediffmail.com

In this paper we are presenting an innovative scheme with which we may be able to utilize the limited available
solar energy up to its maximum efficiency. We are utilizing maximum available solar energy for the purpose of
transportation. In view of this application, we focused on one of the method which is considered as innovative
method, in which we proposed the dual mode of operation of single D.C. motor and also at regenerative braking
mode as a generator too. In this technique it is proposed to run a DC series motor and converting it into D C

138

separately excited mode and vice versa during running. This scheme is supposed to be ideal for maximum
utilization of the limited available energy coming from sun for driving solar PV Cell based vehicles. The
implication, basic concepts and limitations of this scheme are discussed. Also the modes of operations including
analysis and operating conditions are also discussed. The simulation results are provided to validate the concept.

PP-171: Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of transition metal complexes of
thalidomide derived ligand

Rahisuddin
*
, P. S. Nayab and Manu
rais_ch2003@yahoo.com

Thalidomide (-(N-phthalimido)-glutarimide) has been extracted from marketed drug Thalix in methanol.
Because it is more effective in the treatment of various cancers, therefore, its 2-(1-(3-(2-(2-
aminoethylamino)ethylamino)propyl)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, ligand (L) was synthesized
using thalidomide, 1,3-diiodopropane and diethylenetriamine in the presence of solid sodium hydride. The
transition metal complexes of ligand (L) with Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) ions have also been synthesized.
The progress of the reactions for the synthesis of ligand and its metal complexes has been monitored by TLC.
These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment
measurements, infrared, UV-Vis. and
1
H NMR spectroscopy. Molar conductance measurement values showed
1:1 electrolytic nature of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic moment
measurement studies suggested square planar geometries of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal ions complexes.

PP-172: Synthesis and characterization of transition metal complexes of N-Pyridinyl
substituted Phthalimide Ligand
Pattan Sirajuddin Nayab and Rahisuddin
*

rais_ch2003@yahoo.com

A new N-pyridinyl substituted phthalimide ligand has been synthesized by the condensation reaction of phthalic
anhydride with 2,6-diaminopyridine in glacial acetic acid in 2:1 molar ratio. The metal complexes of ligand with
nickel(II), copper(II), palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions have also been prepared. The ligand and its metal
complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, IR, UV-Vis. and
1
HNMR spectroscopy. The progress of the reaction for the synthesis of ligand and its metal complexes has been
monitored by TLC in different solvent systems. Molar conductance measurement values showed that the Ni(II),
Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of the ligand are 1:1 electrolytic nature. Electronic spectral study suggested
square planar structure of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal complexes.

PP-173: Mentha piperita treated carbon (MTC) - a low cost adsorbent for the removal
of Pb (II) from aqueous solution

Rais Ahmad
*
and Shazia Haseeb
Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
rais45@rediffmal.com

In the present study the mentha treated carbon (MTC) has been utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb
(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters like pH, contact time and ionic strength have been
studied. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR in order to find the functional groups on the adsorbent. SEM
studies were also carried out to find the surface morphology of the adsorbent. The equilibrium was attained in
180 mints. The maximum adsorption of Pb (II) was observed at pH 6. The adsorption isotherm studies shows
that data is fitted well with Freundlich and Temkin isotherms model. The kinetics data shows that boundary
layer diffusion is the rate controlling step for the adsorption process and it is dominant when Pb (II) ion
concentration is higher. The adsorption of Pb (II) increases with the increase in the ionic strength of the solution.
The positive value of H
0
indicates the reaction to be endothermic in nature. The activation energy was found to
be 20.60 KJ/mol K indicating chemisorption.

139

PP-174: Green Synthesis: Microwave assisted synthesis, spectral, thermal and XRD
analysis of some transition metal complexes containing 2-amino-5-methylthiazole
moiety

A. P. Mishra
*
and Rajendra K. Jain
Synthetic Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratories
Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P., India
apm19@rediffmail.com

Schiff base transition metal complexes have been useful for the newly emerging areas like microelectronics,
semiconductor technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology. Metal complexes are being increasingly used in
the field of material science as base precursors for generating new materials to be used in magnetic, thermal,
optical, electrical and catalysis industry. Schiff base metal complexes have also been found to be important
precursor for semiconducting materials.
Some novel Schiff base metal complexes of Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) derived from 5-chlorosalicylidene-
2-amino-5-methylthiazole (HL
1
) and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-2-amino-5-methylthiazole (HL
2
) have been
synthesized by conventional as well as microwave methods. These compounds have been characterized by
elemental analysis, FT-IR, FAB-mass, molar conductance, electronic spectra,
1
H-NMR, ESR, magnetic
susceptibility, thermal, electrical conductivity and XRD analysis. The complexes exhibit coordination number 4
or 6. The complexes are coloured and stable in air. Analytical data revealed that all the complexes exhibited 1:1
(metal: ligand) ratio. IR data shows that the ligand coordinates with the metal ions in a tridentate manner. FAB-
mass and thermal data show degradation pattern of the complexes. The thermal behavior of metal complexes
shows that the hydrated complexes loses water molecules of hydration in the first step; followed by
decomposition of ligand molecules in the subsequent steps. The crystal system, lattice parameter, unit cell
volume and number of molecules in unit cell in the lattice of complexes have been determined by XRD analysis.
XRD patterns indicate crystalline nature for the complexes. The solid state electrical conductivity of the metal
complexes has also been measured. Solid state electrical conductivity studies reflect semiconducting nature of
the complexes.

PP-175: New method for nanogram determination of Mn(II) in water samples

Rajdeep Malik
1
, Payal Rathi
2
and Reeta Kumari
3

1
2
3
R. K. Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U. P., India
rajdeepmalik@gmail.com

The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-anisidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to
spectroscopic studies, is methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic
strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of
Mn(II) in the range 5. 5 527. 4 ng/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendells sensitivity,
molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated.
An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic
parameters are also reported.

PP-176: Preparation and characterization of luminescent Eu(TPB)
3
.neocup

Rajesh Kumar, V. B.Taxak, J. K. Makrandi and S. P. Khatkar
*

Department of Chemistry Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
s_khatkar@rediffmail.com

The complex Eu(TPB)
3
.neocup (where TPB = 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1, 3-butanedione and neocup =
neocuprione) was synthesized and characterized by infra red spectroscopy,
1
H NMR spectroscopy, TGA/DTA,
scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). This complex had
regular shaped particles with size less than 1m without any phase separation and on excitation at 382 nm emits

140

bright red luminescence with main peak at 615 nm. The complex emitting red luminescence might be used to
make the electroluminescent (EL) devices for display purposes.

PP-177: Investigative study on Mechanical properties of HA/HDPE/PEEK bio-
composites Polymers using Taguchi DOE

Rajesh Kumar Verma
1*
, K. K. Goswami
1
, Arpan Kr. Mandal
2
,

Soumya Jyoti Chatterjee
2

and Ravindra Singh Rana
3

1
Indian Institute of Carpet Technology, IICT Bhadohi, U. P., India
2
National Institute of Technology, NIT Rourkela, Orissa, India
3
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, M. P., India
rajeshverma.nit@gmail.com

The bone can be considered as a composite material, being made up of a collagen fiber matrix stiffened by
hydroxyapatite (Ca
10
(PO
4
)
6
(OH)
2
) crystals which consists 69% of the weight of the bone. The fractured bone is
generally replaced by bio inert bone implants like Ti-Al alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys etc which have very high
stiffness. It has been observed that the metallic fracture fixation devices and prosthetic limbs resulting stress
shielding phenomenon. The ideal bone replacement material must have a modulus equal to that of bone.
Composites of polymers and ceramic materials have been analyses to get the desired mechanical and biological
properties as they are having lower modulus than metals but good tensile properties. PEEK, HDPE are having
stiffness like bone and also poses good tensile properties are used as matrix materials and hydroxyapatite a
bioactive ceramic material is used as the particulate reinforcement. Parts have been fabricated easily using
conventional plastics processing techniques mixing followed by injection molding method. Taguchi design of
experiment technique is used to get optimal process parameters for maximizing the mechanical properties. The
experimental results show a good mechanical behavior.

PP-178: Status of Green Building in India

Rajni Chaudhary, Anjali Yadav and Ravina
chaudharyrajni2@gmail.com

Green building is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated or reused in an ecological and resource-
efficient manner. Key benefits for the occupants include energy & water conservation, higher productivity
levels, healthy living & recycling of effluents. Some of the green building projects in India include-
Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd (BCIL) Bangalore ITC Green Centre Gurgaon Doon School
Dehradun Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad. The project recommends spotlight on residential
green buildings for an accelerated growth. The green building can usher an era of environment sustainability
and healthy living. By increasing construction of green buildings we can reduce environmental problems.
In this poster we are going to discuss about the status of green buildings in India.

PP-179: Estimation of the Quality of Polluted Water for further use

Rama Mehta
1
, Kumar Garvit
2
, Vipin Kumar
3
, V. K. Dwivedi
4
and Hari Om Goyal
2

1
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
2
NIT, Durgapur, W. B., India
3
College of Engineering Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
4
NIT Durgapur, W. B., India
rama@nih.ernet.in, 44.rama@gmail.com

The Earth has a limited supply of fresh water, stored in aquifers, surface water and the atmosphere. Oceans are
also available for water, but the amount of energy needed to convert saline water to potable water is very high.
According to Nature (2010), about 80% of the world's population (5.6 billion in 2011) live in areas with threats
to water scarcity. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It is the leading
worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.
An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal
sickness every day. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized
countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. Water pollution is the contamination of water
141

bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged
directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
There are many forms of water pollution existing word-wide as Thermal pollution, Transport pollution,
Domestic, Industrial, Agricultural, Non-point source, Point source, Construction site storm water, Urban runoff
etc. All polluted water have different concentration of pollution. According to their concentration, it can be
categorized in different stages of pollution band. Using soft computing techniques, the stages/quality of the
polluted water has been estimated to reuse that water for different purposes.
Over the last decade, soft computing techniques like Fuzzy logic and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are
increasingly used in water pollution studies. Furthermore, their computational speed in simulating and
forecasting is very welcomed in real time operations. It is robust and flexible in managing real world complex
systems involving uncertainty and imprecise data. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) provides a means of
converting a linguistic control strategy based on operators knowledge into an automatic control strategy. An
important feature of fuzzy set theory is the symmetry between the objective function and constraints. During
this study, Input data of the network are composed by considering different types of pollution sources with their
concentration range while output will be the quality range of polluted water. Input data are fuzzified with
different degrees of membership. The models are developed for different sets of input data and output for
quality of polluted water with different concentration to further use.

PP-180: WEEE Recycling: Impact on Life and the environment in India

Ramesh Chandra Bhartiand
*
and Pooja Vashishta
Pacific University, India
bhartircbharti@gmail.com, vashishtapooja@gmail.com

Today with the rapid pace of technological transformation, WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)
is becoming a prominently emerging challenge as well as business opportunity across the globe. It is one of the
fastest growing waste streams in the world. E-waste can have an adverse impact on human life and the global
environment due to its improper handling and the poor government legislation. In India, toxic-waste
management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation of its own e-waste but also because of
the dumping of e-waste from developed countries. Because of poverty and inequality, lack of appropriate
infrastructure and procedures for its disposal and recycling, India is becoming a global dumping ground for the
African and Asian Counties. The main aim of this paper is to review the current scenario of E-Scrap in India,
like magnitude of the problem, health and environmental hazards, methodologies used for disposal and
recycling, existing legal framework, involved organizations and the future perspective of the green Globe.

PP-181: Synthesis and characterization of some Macrocyclic Complexes

Ramesh Kumar
1
and D. P. Singh
2

1
2
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
rknitk@gmail.com

A new series of macrocyclic complexes is synthesized by template condensation of malonyldihydrazide and
acetylacetone in methanolic medium in the presence of trivalent metal salts forming complexes of the type:
[M(C
8
H
12
N
4
O
2
)X] X
2
; where M = Cr (III), Fe (III) and X = Cl
-1
, NO
3
-1
, CH
3
COO
-1
. The complexes have been
characterized with the aid of magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductance measurements, electronic,
infrared and far infrared spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a five coordinate distorted square
pyramidal geometry has been proposed for these complexes.

PP-182: Nano-materials toxicity

Ramya Sri and Shanthi Sri
ramya.bt35@gmail.com

Nano-pollution is a generic name for all waste generated by nano devices or during the nano materials
manufacturing process. This kind of waste may be very dangerous because of its size. It can float in the air and
might easily penetrate animal and plant cells causing unknown effects. Most human-made nano particles do not
appear in nature, so living organisms may not have appropriate means to deal with nano waste. To properly
assess the health hazards of engineered nano particles the whole life cycle of these particles needs to be
evaluated, including their fabrication, storage and distribution, application and potential abuse, and disposal.
142

The impact on humans or the environment may vary at different stages of the life cycle. Environmental
assessment is justified as nano particles present novel (new) environmental impacts. Scrinis raises concerns
about nano-pollution, and argues that it is not currently possible to precisely predict or control the ecological
impacts of the release of these nano-products into the environment.

PP-183: Oxidation of Methyl Orange using hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkaline
medium- A kinetic study

Anjali Goel and Ranjana Bhatt
*

Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India

Reactive dyes are the largest single group of dyes used in the textile industry and have been selected for our
study because refractory azo-dye compounds used in the texture industry are commonly detected in texture
wastewater. In this study the reduction kinetics of methyl orange, one of azo-dyes, with hexacyanoferrate (III) in
alkaline media at constant ionic strength and temperature has been studied spectrophotometrically. The results
show that the reaction rates follow first order kinetics with respect to hexacyanoferrate(III), organic substrate,
ionic strength, temperature and hydroxide ions concentration. The linear plots between log (-dc/dt) and
suggest positive salt effect i.e. involvement of two similarly charged species in the rate determining effect.
Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated by studying the reactions at four different temperatures between 40
0
to 55
0
under pseudo order conditions large value of energy of activation suggests the chemical degradation of
methyl orange by hexacyanoferrate (III) ions with a small reaction rate. 1:1 stoicheometry between
hexacyanoferrate (III) and methyl orange was determined volumetrically by cerium (IV) sulphate using ferroin
indicator.

PP-184: Air borne aerosol: biological characterization over a semiarid region in India

Ranjit Kumar
1
, J. N. Srivastava
2
, Mamta
2
and G. P. Satsangi
2

1
Department of Chemistry, Technical College, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra,
Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra,
Uttar Pradesh, India
rkschem@rediffmail.com

Air contains tiny organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycotoxins and viruses. Exposures to bioaerosols are
associated with a wide range of health effects with major public health impact, including infectious diseases,
acute toxic effects, allergies and cancer. Despite the recognition of the importance of bioaerosol exposure on
human health, there is relatively lack on the study of bioaerosol. The present study deals with biological
characterization of aerosol at a suburban site over semiarid region in India. Biological colonies in fine and
coarse particles are in the reported range. The analysis also evaluated the potential effect that meteorological
conditions had on the bioaerosol concentration with respect to environment and season.

PP-185: A DFT Study of the conformational behavior and vibrational spectra of the
unsymmetrical Quadridentate Schiff base Ligand

Reena Dwivedi and Prabhakar Sharma
School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., India
drreenadwivedi@rediffmail.com, prabhakar@ssism.org

Conformational behavior of N-[1-(5-chloro-2hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]-N-[(1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl
phenyl) ethylidene] carbohydrazide molecule is reported. Molecule has been studied employing the technique of
density function theory. Three main conformers arising due to rotation of one of the benzene ring about C-C
single bond has been predicted. The s-trans conformer with OH groups trans to each other was found to be of
lowest energy while s-cis conformer was found to be of highest energy. The gauche conformer with one
benzene ring almost perpendicular to the plane of the molecule was found to be of intermediate energy. The s-
cis and s-trans energy difference was found to be 257.27 kcal mol
-1
. Complete geometry of the s-trans
conformer its vibrational frequencies along with their assignments is reported. Nature of frontier molecular
orbitals has been discussed and band gap has been calculated.
143

PP-186: Antimicrobial potential of root extracts of Viola Patrinii against Pathogens

Rita Kashyap
1*
, R. K. Bachetti
2
and Abhishek Mathur
1
1
Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, DBGI, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
reenuchemist.kashyap6@gmail.com

The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of solvent extracts of roots of
Viola patrinii against both bacteria and fungi using the well diffusion method. The extract showed significant
antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against these bacteria
ranged from 5 to 10 mg/ml. The antifungal activities were found against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans
and Saccharomyces cerevisae. The studies thus emphasized the isolation and characterization of potent
molecule for the formulation and preparation of antimicrobial drug in the nearby future.

PP-187: Air Pollution

Renu Singh,
Rajendra Mishra College, Saharsa, Bihar, India
rajendramishracollege@gmail.com

Air is the life line of the planet we live in. Air supplies us oxygen which is essential for every living being. Air
consists of 99.9% Nitrogen, Oxygen, CO
2,
Water vapor and inert gases. The introduction
of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment is broadly called Air Pollution.
The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on our
Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as
well as to the Earth's ecosystem. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution
which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and "holes" in the ozone
layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole
environment.
So I Will be discussing broadly onPollutants & Different sources(Including Indoor & Outdoor). Atmospheric
dispersion. Environmental impacts of greenhouse gas pollutants. Health Effects Reduction efforts Legal
regulations Governing Urban Air Pollution with Few Examples.Recent Development in Air Pollution policy.

PP-188: Cadmium concentration in hair and its correlation with hypertension in
environmentally polluted areas

Rita Mehra
*
and Amit Singh Thakur

Acoustic

and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand
Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
mehra_rita@rediffmail.com, thakuramit00111@gmail.com

Cadmium is a toxic and non-essential element not required by humans. Cd exposure is the cause of
hypertension, emphysema. Kidney and liver damage are some of the diseases which a human may suffer from
on account of cadmium exposure. Cadmium pollution in environment and increasing number of patients with
complaint of hypertension are major problems in recent times. A survey of cadmium polluted areas was done
and sites of cadmium exposure were selected. Thirty subjects with problem of hypertension and thirty controls
were selected and their head hair samples were collected personally from 1 cm distance from the scalp. Hair
samples were decontaminated and acid digested following standard techniques and analysed using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer ECIL Model-AAS4141 for cadmium concentration. The significant levels of
cadmium have been computed by student t test in between subjects suffering from hypertension and their
respective controls. Results obtained were compared with the controls and significant difference was reported. It
is concluded that cadmium concentration in hair can be correlated with hypertension in humans. Negative
correlation of cadmium concentration with iron and zinc concentration was also reported in hair at P<0.005.

144

PP-189: New amperometric methods for trace determination of
Ru(iii) and Ir(iii)

Ritu Langyan and S. P. Khatkar
Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
ritu_jrf1@rediffmail.com

There are various techniques for estimation of Ru(III) and Ir(III) metals, out of them amperometry is one of the
economic technique. Many sulphur containing organic ligands have been used in amperometry for the trace
determination of metal ions. Amperometric titration has also been used in past for trace determination of these
metals with different ligands like ethanethioic acid, 2-mercapto and 3-mercaptopropanoic acid. In the present
study, amperometric determination of Ru(III) was carried out with Thioglycolic acid(TGA) and of Ir(III) was
carried out with thiomalic acid. Thioglycolic acid (HS-CH
2
-COOH) and thiomalic acid {SH-CH-(COOH)(CH
2
-
COOH)} have often been used as complexing agent and analytical reagent. These acids have been employed as
a ligand because they have strong tendency to enter into coordination with most of the metal ions due to
presence of hard O atom and soft S atom. Their susceptibility to oxidation by some metal ions and
polarographic activity resulting in the appearance of one-electron anodic wave due to oxidation of SH group at
d.m.e. Thioglycolic acid has also been used in grafting onto silica gel, preparation and characterization of glass
embedding, as a potentiometric sensors

and in synthesizing nanorods and nanosheets. The present work was
undertaken with a view to extend the use of these ligands for the amperometric determination of Ru(III) and
Ir(III) in traces at d.m.e.. We have employed 2.5M NaCl in 7% acetic acid medium for Ru(III) and 0.4M
NaClO
4
medium for Ir(III). The fundamental basis of the titration of Ru(III) with TGA was the gradual
compensation of the anodic current of TGA by the cathodic current of Ru(III) and complexation of metal and
ligand was the basis of Ir(III) and TSH titrations. Metal species-ligand stoichiometry obtained was 1:0.64 for
Ru(III) and 1:1 for Ir(III). 2.53ppm Ru(III) and 4.80ppm Ir(III) were estimated with high degree of accuracy.
Maximum error (2%) was encountered in the case of most dilute solution. Study of interference of foreign
ions were also studied. Non-interfering species did not interfere even when present simultaneously in the cell
solution. The methods give reproducibility with standard deviation of 0.05 only. The techniques have the added
advantages for the developing country like India in being relatively quick, cheap and simple.

PP-190: Plastics in Electronic components and their recycling

Paresh R. Mishra
1
, Santosh R. Mishra
2
and Rammanohar A. Mishra
3
1
Electrical Engineering Departments, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management,
Nagpur, Maharastra, India
2
Electrical Engineering Departments, Yashawantarao Chavhan College Engineering, Nagpur, Maharastra,
India
3
Department of Electronics, Amolakchand Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal, India
mishrarammanohar@gmail.com

Plastics have made an enormous contribution in the evolution of the information age- the internet, satellite
communication, a global network of an insulated cables and home computers. All these applications have
plastics as an integral part of their design. As these systems advance, the role of plastics in electrical and
electronic application become more essential as they help in balancing economic and environmental needs with
design and specifications requirements. A unique combination of properties has made plastics an invaluable
material across the diverse range of electrical and electronic components & equipments whatever the size,
shape, or application of the product be. This paper deals with the applications of plastic material based
technology and various features and strategies regarding the same. The post use of plastics products and
electronics components is explained in the paper. The recovery of E&E goods at the end of life and the methods
used to reduce the impact of plastics on the environment is discussed in the paper.
The flexibility, strength and compatibility of plastics with E&E products is enabling technology to evolve and
have proved to be cost effective solution for material. The plastics plays an indispensable role, it is require to
adopt a flexible approach to waste management. There should be an eco-efficient combination of options fitting
with the reality of local conditions. An attempt should be made to maximize the recovery of wastes value and
ensure a rapid diversion of these waste streams.

145

PP-191: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial screening of
diorganotin(IV) complexes with N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene) glycine

Garima Matela
1*
, Robina Aman
1
, Chetan Sharma
2
and Smita Chaudhary
3

1
Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, S. S. J.Campus Almora, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
3
Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
amanrobina@yahoo.com

Schiff Bases are very significant as ligands in metal-coordination chemistry as they form stable complexes with
most of transition metals. The organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases have received notable attention in view
of their structural chemistry and remarkable biological activities. Regarding this, the conformation and
geometry and biological activity of several organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases have been investigated.
In the present study, the diorganotin(IV) complexes of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene) glycine were synthesized
by reacting of various diorganotin(IV)chloride with the ligand, with the aid of sodium iso-propoxide in
appropriate stiochiometric ratios.
An attempt has been made to prove the structure of the resulting complexes on the basis of elemental analysis,
IR,
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance. The binding site of the ligand was identified by IR spectroscopic
measurement. All the complexes exhibit good antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria namely,
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two Gram-negative bacteria namely, Escherichia coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the complexes were also exhibit remarkable antifungal activity against three
pathogenic fungi namely, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicillium sp.

PP-192: A correlation and regression study of the Physico-chemical properties of
ground water

Ruchi Mathur
1*
, Anju Sharma
2
and Shobha Sharma
1

1
2
Govt. P.G. College, Nagaur, Maharastra, India
mathur.ruchi30@gmail.com

Water is a natures most wonderful abundant and a useful component in our life. The quality of water is of vital
concern for mankind as it is directly linked with human welfare. The samples of different locations of pali
district of Rajasthan were collected before and after rainy seasons. Total ten parameters were analyzed.
Physico-chemical characteristics of ground waters samples from four sources, viz. ground water, tap water,
flowing water and natural water were assessed for pH, alkalinty, Total dissolved solids, hardness, conductivity,
chloride, fluoride and nitrate. The results were compared with the values stipulated by World health
organization, Indian council of medical research and Bureau of Indian standards for drinking water quality.
Some parameters were within the permissible limit and some are beyond the permissible limit of the drinking
water standards. The corelation and regression coefficients were calculated for water quality assessment. In
correlation analysis positive correlation is observed between certain parameters. Assumption based on statistical
analysis is that high concentrations of fluoride, calcium ion, total hardness and total dissolved solids are due to
the fluoride dissolution activity of flourite mineral, which may be found in granite and pegmatite. The various
parameters signify that immediate attention should be given to prevent pollution and keep the various
parameters in their desirable limits.

PP-193: Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis studies on 2, 4-diamino-8-
deazafolate analogues as potent anti-pneumocystis agents using multivariate statistical
techniques

Ruchi Mishra
*
, Ankita Agarwal and Sarvesh Paliwal
Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
ruchimishra_0209@rediffmail.com

A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed on 44, 2, 4-diamino-8-
deazafolate analogues. The compounds in the selected series were characterized by molecular descriptors
calculated using the QSAR software TSAR (version 3.3) and accelerys discovery studio (version 2.0). The
multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least square (PLS) models for, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues

146

generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values, such as r, r
2
, r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) F and S values were 0.931, 0.867, 0.832, 0.873, 56.548 and 0.212 respectively for MLR and r
2
, r
2
cv
, r
2
(test set) and statistical significance values were 0.867, 0.844, 0.873, 0.991 respectively for PLS, were
satisfactory. The results obtained from this study indicate the importance of Balaban Topological index (whole
molecule), First Atom E-state index (subst.1) and Number of H-bond Donors (subst.1) in determining the
affinities of 2, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues. These investigations will further help in rationalizing the
design of compounds against Pneumocystis crainii pneumonia (PCP).

PP-194: New phytoconstituents from stem bark of Mangifera indica (L.)

Ruchi Singh
1*
and A. N. Garg
2
1
Department of Oriental Studies, Dev Sanskrit University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Amity University, Noida, U. P., India
ruchimail09@yahoo.com, ruchimail09@gmail.com

Mangifera indica, commonly called Mango or Amra belongs to a family of Anacardiaceae. The plant is used as
antiasthamatic, antiseptic, antiviral, emetic, expectorant and laxative. It is cultivated in the Indian subcontinent
for thousands of years from where it traveled to East Asia between the 5th-4th century BC. Later by the 10
th

century AD it was transported to East Africa and subsequently to Brazil, West Indies and Mexico. It is an
important medicinal plant used in various Ayurvedic preparations. Scientific investigations have shown that the
mango triterpene, lupeol is an effective inhibitor in laboratory models of prostate and skin cancers. Extract of its
branch bark in water contains numerous polyphenols with anti-oxidant properties. Mango wood is used in yagya
as base fire through which medicated smoke is produced. Extract of mango leaves are astringent, cooling,
antiemetic and useful in hyperacidity, burning sensation, dysentery and fever. The ash of leaves is used for
wound healing properties in burns and scalds. The leaves of mango are kept in the kalash during puja rituals and
are known as leaves of deitys seat. Flowers of mango are acrid, and are useful in diarrhoea and anaemia. In Fiji,
fresh mango kernels are consumed as a cure for dysentery and asthma, while mango juice is used as a nose drop
for sinus trouble. In India, dry seed powder is applied to the head to remove dandruff. It is also applied as an ant
diarrheal agent. Kernel starch is eaten as a famine food, while hot water extracts of kernel are administered as
anthelmintics, laxatives and tonics. We have isolated three new compounds from alcoholic and hexane extracts.
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and mono (2-ethylhexyl)ester 9,12-tetradecadiene-1-ol-acetate were separated
from the hexane extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica. On the other hand alcoholic extract 3-chloro-N-
(2-phenylethyl) propanamide. These were first identified by thin layer chromatography and later separated in a
silica gel column. All the compounds gave characteristic infrared bands corresponding to functional groups. The
structures were elucidated by GC-MS fragmentation pattern after comparing the data with NIST mass spectral
data base.

PP-195: A convolution structure for Eigenfunction Transform

S. R. Verma
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
srvgkv@gmail.com

Translation and convolution associated with Eigenfunction transform, studied by Zemanian, are defined and
certain boundedness and continuity results are obtained. Convolution of a distribution and a test function, and
that of two distributions are defined and their properties are investigated.

PP-196: ZnO nanoparticles: A potential candidate for removal of dyes from waste
water

Saif Ali Chaudhry
saifchaudhry09@gmail.com

Approximately 10% of the annual global production of dyes is discharged as effluent, mainly by paint and
textile industries. Majority of these dyes are toxic and even some dyes are carcinogenic and cause damage not
only to aquatic life but also to the humans being. Photosynthesis in aquatic life is also reduced due to inhibition
147

of sunlight penetration. WHO and other environmental organizations have adopted some hard measures to
reduce the water and air pollutions. Due to these environmental legislations, industrial units are forced to treat
dye bearing effluents before discharging into water streams. Most of the commercial dyes are of synthetic origin
having complex aromatic structures which make them stable against photo degradation and oxidation. As a
result, removal of colour from wastewaters becomes difficult by conventional techniques, such as aerobic
digestion. Current research is now focused on the removal of dyes from effluent using the adsorption technique,
involving low cost and less sophisticated instrumentation, which does not generate a huge amount of sludge or
harmful substances. Activated carbon is the most efficient and popular choice of adsorbents but the high cost
and huge requirement restrict its use in many countries including India. Thus, there is much interest in the
development of new adsorbents for the treatment of biological and industrial wastes. Due to the low adsorption
capacity of these materials, a huge amount is required; hence, highly effective adsorbents are needed.
Nanotechnology is the new emerging field and particles are very small with large surface area and high charge,
these particles are used as adsorbents for the removal of dyes. In our lab we have synthesized ZnO
nanoparticles; these are used for the removal of rhodamine B, a xanthine dye, used in the textile, printing, and
paint industries from water. We have investigated different isotherms and kinetic model, effect of different
physical parameters involved in the process to understand the probable mechanism of the dye-adsorbent
interaction.

PP-197: A new approach towards solar lighting system (Green Energy)

Sajen Soman
Sudharsan engineering college, Sathiyamangalam, pudukkottai, India
amilnadusajurocks.soman8@gmail.com

Electric lighting is the greatest consumer of electricity which accounts almost quarter of the total energy
consumed in commercial buildings and the generation of this electricity by conventional power plants is the
building sectors most significant cause of air pollution. The usage of sunlight for illumination can help to
conserve electricity in proportion to the amount of sunlight available.
This paper describes a new approach to reduce energy consumption of lighting system by improving the solar
lighting efficiency in buildings through hybrid solar lighting system. Hybrid solar lighting system combines the
use of passive solar lighting along with electrical lighting(Ultra bright LED lamp) which works on solar
batteries for interior illumination in buildings by collecting direct sunlight using collector ,channeling it through
optical fiber bundles and scattering it using luminaries ,will alleviate many of the problems with lighting
systems of today, such as lighting of unelectrified rural areas, energy consumption and cost for lighting in
commercial buildings ,human healthy lighting systems, losses by using electric lighting ,threat of power cut .So
that when there is enough sun light, there is no electricity used to power the bulbs .On a not-so-sunny day, the
electricity generated by solar energy is used to light the bulbs thus achieving the Ultimate Green Technology.

PP-198: Alteration of resting period of Pollen of five cultivars of
Apocynaceae by Vitamin B
2

S. A. Salgare
Salgare Research Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Prathamesh Society, Shivaji Chowk, Karjat, Maharashtra, India
drsalgare@rediffmail.com, drsalgare@sancharnet.in

Pollen of successive flowers (viz. F, F-24, F-48, F-72 series i.e. open flowers and the flower buds which require
24, 48, 72 hours to open respectively) of 5 cultivars of Apocynaceae e.g. red-, pink- and white-flowered
cultivars of Nerium odorum Soland. and pink- and white-flowered cultivars of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.
Don. were collected at the stage of the dehiscence of anthers in the open flowers. Germination of pollen grains
of successive flowers was studied by standing-drop technique in the optimum concentrations of sucrose as well
as in the optimum concentrations of sucrose supplemented with the optimum concentrations of the vitamin
(vitamin B
2
). The rate of pollen germination of successive flowers was determined by fixing the cultures at one
hour intervals. Such preparations were continued for 10 hours. Observations on the germination of pollen were
recorded 24 hours after incubation. Potentiality of pollen germinability was recorded in F series of all the 5
cultivars of Apocynaceae studied. It was the pollen of F-24 series of red-flowered cultivar of Nerium odorum
and both the cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were found germinated in the optimum concentrations of sucrose.
It should be pointed out that the pollen of F-48 and F-72 series of pink-flowered cultivar of C. roseus showed
their germination in the optimum concentrations of sucrose. Thus the potentiality of pollen germinability in
Apocynaceae was observed in 10 out of 20 series investigated. Germination of pollen of F-72 series of pink-
flowered cultivar of Catharanthus roseus in vitro culture of sucrose was noted in the present investigation.
148

Vitamin B
2
altered the resting period of pollen of 6 series and failed in 4 series of Apocynaceae. The vitamin
extended the resting period of pollen of 2 series. In Catharanthus roseus besides pollen grains which produced
single pollen tube, it has also been noticed. Pollen tubes are branched quite frequently.

PP-199: Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activity of 2, 3-(4-sulphonamidobenz)-1-
oxo-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7-aryl-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7, 9-diaryl-4, 7, 9-triaza spiro [4, 5] deca-6, 8,
10-triones

Sandip B.Ghodile
1
, P. K. Gaidhane
2
and P. T. Kosankar
3

1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering and Technology and Research
Sawangi, Wardha, Maharastra, India
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Govindrao Wanjari College of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur,
Maharastra, India
3
Department of Applied Chemistry, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharastra, India
sandipghodile2@gmail.com

With the aim of developing potential antimicrobials 2,3-(4
/
-sulphonamidobenz)-1-oxo-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7-aryl-4,
7, 9-triaza-/ 7, 9-diaryl-4, 7, 9-triaza spiro [4, 5] deca-6, 8, 10-triones were synthesized and characterized by FT-
IR, H NMR, Elemental analysis and Mass Spectroscopy. In addition, their antibacterial activity was studied
against two different strains of Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Klebisilla aerogens and Gram-positive
Staphyllococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida albicans,
Asperigillus niger by agar plate method.

PP-200: Synthesis of Biological active heterocyclic derivative of Ciprofloxacin

Sandeep Singh, M. P. Dobhal and Y. C. Joshi
jeesavilla@gmail.com, drycj_16@yahoo.com

Heterocyclic compounds constitute an important class of versatile organic compounds that are widespread in the
nature and are well recognized for their various pharmacological and biological properties. Variety of
Heterocycles (-diketone, diazepines, thiazepines etc.) derived from ciprofloxacin posses large number of
medicinal utility i.e. antiviral, corticosteroid, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic and chondrotoxic
effect. Structures of obtained compounds were assigned on the basis is of spectral analysis (
1
HNMR,
13
CNMR,
IR).
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
H
2
N
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
N N
O
O
R
2
R
1
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
N N
N
N
R
2
R
1
N N
N
F C O O H
O
S
O
O
N N
S
N
R
2
R
1
N H
2
H
2
N
N H
2
H S
O
O
R
1
R
2
R
1
= C H
3
, C
6
H
5
R
1
= R
2
= C H
3
R
1
= R
2
= C
6
H
5

149

PP-201: Waste water management by using natural waste

Sangeeta Singla
1
and Tushar Singla
2

1
Dronacharya college of Engineering Gurgaon, Haryana, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
singlasangeeta65@gmail.com, Tushar_rockindude@yahoo.com

Industrial and municipal waste water frequently contain metal ions. These metal ions, when present in sufficient
quantity, can be harmful to aquatic life and human health. Current methods for such wastewater treatment
include precipitation, coagulation/, sedimentation, flotation, filtration, membrane process, electrochemical
techniques, ion exchange, biological process, and chemical reaction. Each method has its merits and limitations
in application. The adsorption process with activated carbon is attracted by many scientists because of the
effectiveness for the removal of heavy metal ion at trace quantities. But the process has not been used
extensively for its high cost. For that reason, the use of low cost materials as sorbent for metal removal from
wastewater has been highlighted. More recently, great effort has been contributed to develop new adsorbents
and improve existing adsorbents like granular activated carbon, other adsorbents such as iron oxide coated sand,
porous cellulose carrier modified with polyethyleneimine, iron coat granular activated carbon, modified chitosan
etc. Scientists are making use of the natural wastes like coffee grounds, tea leaves, Rice straw, soybean hulls etc
for heavy metal adsorption. We would also like to work on this, using materials like cotton, walnut waste,
peanut skins, sugar cane waste and onion skin, apple waste, wool fibre, green algae and rice hull, bark and other
cellulosic material, Cottonseed hulls, linseed flax straw because of their low cost, high availability of these
materials, and no need for complicated regeneration process. This method is attracting more and more Scientists
and Engineers.

PP-202: Synthesis of some novel Thiazolyl substituted Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles fused
pyrimidin-diones of medicinal interest

Sarita, Pragati Sharma, Iram Khan and Bhawani Singh
bsyadav2000@gmail.com, sarita.1988pnp@gmail.com

Pyrimidines have been reported as anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial and anti-fungal agents. Pyrazole
and isoxazole nucleus plays an important role in medicinal chemistry as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral,
analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, anthelmintic, antitubercular agent. Thiazolyl substituted barbituric acids (1a-b)
were treated with CS
2
/MeS to form oxoketenedithioacetals (2a-b). The five-membered heterocyclic ring
systems i.e. pyrazoles (3a-b) and isoxazoles (4a-d) were synthesized from (2a-b) with the reaction of
hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrazines respectively. All the compounds characterized by IR, HNMR and
MS spectral data.

PP-203: Integrating formal & informal sector of e-waste management

Sandeep Singla
1*
and Manjeet Bansal
2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, RIMT Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab,
India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Giani Zail Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Bathinda, Punjab,
India
prof.sandeepsingla@gmail.com

In this paper the authors will present options for e-waste management in India. These options are being
developed, implemented and evaluated in the framework of different Indian bilaterally financed studies focusing
on Delhi, Bangalore, Pune and Kolkata. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing
waste streams in the world. According to a recent study about 380,000 tons of e-waste are generated annually in
India and the generation of e-waste has touched 470,000 tons in 2011. The study also reveals that only about 6
percent of the e-waste is recycled, of which 95 percent is recycled through the informal sector. E-waste
recycling in the informal sector provides jobs to thousands of people and supports the formal waste management
agencies like municipalities. Investigations showed that the existence of an informal but entrepreneurial SME
based infrastructure permits a profitable e-waste management business. At the same time, the informal sector is
lacking skills and technologies, and manages hazardous material without any regard to occupational health and
safety requirements and in an environmental harmful manner. It is observed that with rising e-waste quantities
150

the recycling scenario is changing, with the formal recyclers increasingly entering the e-waste recycling sector.
There is a widespread expectation that these formal sector recyclers would be able to manage e-waste in an
environmentally sound manner by using Best Available Technologies (BAT) leading to better environment
management and enhanced resource recovery. However, it is not clear whether the advent of formal recycling
would come at the expense of informal sector recyclers or would complement their activities.
In this paper, we present the integration of the informal and the formal sectors in India. We show that there are
mutual gains to be obtained from an increased cooperation between the formal and informal sector because of
their competitive advantages. Social welfare is enhanced through this interaction. It furthermore leads to
reduced pollution, better resource management and creation of green jobs in the recycling sector. The outcomes
of the investigation suggest that the collection, segregation and primary dismantling of non-hazardous fractions
of e-waste should be focused in the informal sector while the other higher order recycling processes may be
concentrated in the formal sector.

PP-204: Going green: Lower the environmental impact of computing

Nitin Arora
*
, Satendra Kumar, Vishal Gupta and Jayveer Singh Farswan
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
nitinarora47@gmail.com, satendrakumar22@ gmail.com, vishalgupta87@gmail.com, jayfarswan@yahoo.com

The computer industry impacts the environment during the manufacturing, delivery, operation and end-of-life of
its devices. Todays PCs are far more powerful than the earliest room-filling computers. They also use less
electricity. Arguably the first general-purpose computer, ENIAC drew roughly 150,000 watts of electricity. By
comparison, todays PCs consume about 110 watts. That seems small. But there was only one ENIAC - and
there are 850 million PCs in use today. 850 million PCs consume an immense amount of electricity. Most of it
is provided by burning fossil fuels. This process emits pollutants, sulfur, and carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. These emissions cause respiratory disease, smog, acid rain, and global climate change. From the
largest scalethe earthto the smallest scale of a classroom or an office, the environmental impact of todays
PC architecture is a huge and growing problem. Unfortunately, the impact is largely unaddressed and often
unrecognized. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or office
with PCs warms up very quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost always have to be air conditioned. Air
conditioners raise electricity costs and require large capital expenditures to buy, install, and maintain them.
Electronic waste is a large and growing problem throughout the world. Tens of millions of PCs are disposed of
in landfills and garbage dumps around the world contaminating the soil with toxic e-waste substances like
mercury and cadmium. In this paper we discussed major issues of Green Computing related to the use of
computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental impact, maximizing viability and ensuring
social duties. We also discussed what motivates organizations to go green, and what ITs role in that changes.

PP-205: Dynamic password authentication: A novel approach for user authentication in
cloud computing

Randeep Kaur Chhabra
1*
, Saurabh Sharma
1
, Ashok Verma
1
and Ajay Lala
2

1
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur,
Madhya Pradesh, India
2
Department of Information Technology, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur, Madhya
Pradesh, India
randeepchhabra@yahoo.co.in, saurabh.sharma44@gmail.com, ashokverma@ggits.org, ajaylala@ggits.org

Cloud computing as defined by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is model which enables
the convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., servers ,
services, applications, networks, storage, and networks,). With cloud computing, you eliminate those headaches
because youre not managing hardware and softwarethats the responsibility of an experienced vendor. There
are big security concerns when using cloud services. In cloud computing security is very important since people
and companies store confidential data in the cloud. Security is one of the major issues which reduces the growth
of cloud computing and complications with data privacy and data protection continue to plague the market. The
authentication of users in smart environments is the key factors in the security. But the increasing number of
reported security vulnerabilities exploiting the weaknesses of static password based authentication methods, and
the significant financial/brand loss caused to the enterprises. Due to those vulnerabilities, the traditional static
password based authentication solutions are no longer an adequate protection mechanism for serious enterprise
applications. So, there is increase demand of robust, secure, multi-factor, dynamic onetime password based
151

authentication technologies into their IT infrastructure. In this paper, we have proposed two methods in which
dynamic password technique is used for user authentication.

PP-206: In vitro study of the Antimicrobial activity of Antibiotics against food and
water borne Pathogens

Saurabhh Jain
*
and Pushpa Bogra
Department of Biotechnology, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Radaur,
Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
saurabh.jain83@gmail.com

Food contamination is an ongoing public concern. There are three main types of food contaminants:
microbiological, chemical and physical but the vast majority of outbreaks of food-related illness are due to
microbial pathogens rather than chemical or physical contaminants. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella
typhi are two of the most threatening and frequent food-borne pathogens, being responsible for listeriosis and
salmonellosis respectively. The present study aims isolation and sensitivity of these pathogens to various
antimicrobials agents such as antibiotics. Different isolates have varying sensitivity towards the various
antibiotics. This can be calculated by measuring the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the isolates against different
antibiotics. The sample that contained Salmonella was resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, ampicillin and
trimethoprim as there was no zone of inhibition while erythromycin had highest ZOI (40 3 mm). Another
sample that contained the Salmonella was resistant to neomycin sulphate and trimethoprim and showed
maximum sensitivity against cefotaxime (ZOI= 38 3 mm). Listeria was isolated from two samples i.e orange
and sandwich. Listeria isolated from orange was resistant to vancomycin and showed maximum sensitivity
against ciprolaxin (45 3 mm) while isolate of Listeria from sandwich was resistant to polymyxin B sulphate
and rifampcin showed maximum sensitivity (39 3 mm).

PP-207: Surface Water Pollution: A Big Challenge

Seema Sharma, Pravesh Kumar and Sunil Kumar
Department of Zoology, Meerut College Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
pksainiamr@gmail.com

Water is a virtual nature resource which is essential for a multiplicity of purpose. It is many user include
drinking and other domestic uses, industrial cooling, power generation, agriculture [irrigation ], transportation
and waste disposal. In the chemical process industry medium and a heat transfer agent. Surface water comes
from streams, lakes, rivers, shallow wells and reservoirs cheated by damming. Because surface water is likely to
come in contact with human, animals and soil microbes than ground water. However many of the microbes
found in surface water are natural in habitats. The number location and type of microbes in surface water very
depending on the dissolved or suspended salts, minerals and organic nutrients. Pathogens are found in fresh
water are contaminated from infective individuals or are derived from untreated sewage discharge in to a lake or
river. Climate geographical biological conditions bring about great variations in microbial populations of
surface waters. Animal also more considerable contribute ion to the microbial flora of the surface water. They
both and often drop their excreta in the water and the presence of organic material that modifies the environment
and protects them from destruction by oxidation. The problem of water pollution due to discharge of domestic
and industrial wastes in to aquatic system has already become a serious problem in the country. Nearly 75 to
80% of Indias population is exposed to unsafe drinking water. As a result, enteric disease, often reaching
epidemic proportions,devastate several parts of the country. The river and lakes near urban centers emit
disgusting odors and fish are being killed in millions along sea coasts. The meat of some of them is tainted and
unsafe to eat because of excessive level of mercury and pesticides in their bodies. The origin of these problems
must be attributed to many sources and type of pollutants. Some pollutants may have indirect effects whilst
substances normally not considered as pollutants may become so under special circumstances. Pesticide and
fertilizer use also contribute of pollution in the river. Unfortunately little research has been done on their effect
on the river, although the need for such research was noted in the 1984 control pollution central Board study of
the Ganga basin. Domestic and industrial pollution, combined with deforestation, the use of pesticides and
fertilizers and other factors, have rendered portions of the Ganga unfit for drinking bating. To aid in a systematic
discussion of water pollutions, they have been classified in to nine categories as described below:-
1. Oxygen demanding wastes 2. Disease causing agents 3. Synthetic organic compounds 4. Plant nutrients
5. Inorganic chemicals and minerals 6. Sediments 7. Radioactive substances 8. Thermal discharges 9. Oil
Pollution of the waterways is often caused by a combination of the above categories.which can severely
compound the problem.
152

PP-208: Solvent-free oxidation of Benzyl alcohol catalyzed by Nanostructured Zinc
Hexacyanidocobaltate: A green approach

Mamta Latwal
1*
, Shah Raj Ali
1
, Prakash Chandra
1
, Shalabh Jain
2
, Vipin Kumar Bansal
3

and Sudhanshu Pratap Singh
3

1
2
Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

3
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
mamta.latwal@gmail.com

The present contribution deals with the synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of nanostructured zinc
hexacyanidocobaltate. Nanostructured zinc hexacyanidocobaltate was synthesized using a reported method. The
characterization of synthesized material was done using different techniques. Elemental composition and
TG/DT analysis of synthesized nanostructured zinc hexacyanidocobaltate showed its molecular formula as
Zn
3
[Co(CN)
6
]
2
.14H
2
O. The IR spectral study of synthesized material was also performed. The material was
studied for X-ray diffraction analysis which indicated its high crystallinity. FE-SEM studies showed that it was
consisted of hexagonal, cubic and other undefined shaped nanostructures. The synthesized material acted as an
efficient green catalyst for solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. The catalytic reaction
was carried out in magnetically stirred round bottom flask using 30% H
2
O
2
as oxidant at 75
0
C. Generally,
benzyl alcohol gives corresponding aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ester on oxidation. However, the present
catalyst exhibited high selectivity for benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde is a well known starting material for the
synthesis of odorants, perfumes, flavors, pharmaceutical intermediates etc. The catalyst was found recyclable
and stable upto 120
0
C.

PP-209: Determination of moisture content of plantation wood species using near-
infrared Spectroscopy

Seema Bhandari
*
, Vimal Kothiyal, Aasheesh Raturi and Jaideep
Timber Mechanics Discipline, Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute,
seemabhandari14@gmail.com

Near infrared (NIR) technology in terms of transmitted or reflected spectra of electromagnetic waves ranging
from 800 to 2500 nm has been mainly used for the nondestructive measurement of organic materials. However,
it has great potential in all facets of material assessment (for example, wood, polymer, textile, pharmacy,
petrochemical, etc.). In the case of Wood Science and Technology NIR spectroscopy is only decade old
phenomenon and has found application in the assessment of various wood properties (physical, chemical,
mechanical, anatomical and genetically etc.). Below fiber saturation point most of the wood properties depend
on the moisture content of wood. It is defined as the weight of water in wood expressed as a fraction, usually a
percentage, of the weight of oven dry wood. Before examination of other properties in wood based
manufacturing industries, the moisture content of wood plays imperative role for end use of different properties
of the wood material. The available oven-dry and electric moisture meter method to calculate moisture content
is destructive and having limitation by nature respectively. This study deals with the suitable prediction of
moisture content of four commercial plantation wood species (Douglas fir, Pinus roxburghii, Tectona grandis
and Dalbergia sissoo) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using chemometric analysis. Total 100 samples of
four different wood species having moisture content 10-18 percent were collected for the study. Spectrum of
these samples were collected between wavelength of 800-2500nm with the help of FT-NIR spectroscopic
accessories like integrated sphere. Further, the samples were classified in to two groups; 50 samples were used
for developing calibration and rest 50 samples kept for test. Moisture content was determined by conventional
method and correlated with near infrared spectra using partial least square regression (PLS) regression using
radial face. Calibration correlations (R
2
cv) 0.90 for cross validation and (r
p
2
) 0.91 for test set validation with
root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) 0.587 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP)
0.544% respectively. The ratio of performance deviation (RPD) is 3.37 and (RMSEP) was very close to
(RMSECV) is the indication of well qualified calibratation model. This study shows that NIR spectroscopy is
rapid, eco friendly and inexpensive method for assessing the moisture content.

153

PP-210: Evaluation of toxic metal contents in biological samples

Shail Kulshrestha
1*
and S. K. Dabral
2

1
Department of Chemistry, D. B. S. Post Graduate College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
Pt. L. M. S. Govt. Autonomous College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhanad, India
shail.shivananda10@yahoo.in

Multidimensional development in the last century has brought social and economic benefits to the society but
the changes have also caused a wide range of environmental problems at both local and global level. Industrial
activities, rapid urban growth, agricultural intensification and other domestic activities have increased the
percolation of toxic metals and harmful chemicals to the soil and water bodies that toxic metals and hazardous
chemicals have found their ways through soil and water bodies to farm products and entire food chain system.
Many metals play their critical and specific role to sustain life in various ways. All these metal ions are needed
to our body in certain very small quantities; it is when the concentrations are too high that they exert toxic effect.
The key factor for metals is that no metal is degradable; they are here to stay for a long time, this stability lets
them be carried long distances through air and water. Human body can not process and dispose of the metals,
therefore these get deposited in various internal organs and cause serious damage in the body.
Fresh vegetables and fruits are the major sources of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates and fibers, but due to
increasing contamination of irrigated water and soil, the toxic metals have find ways to the fruits and vegetables,
food grains. The present investigation describes the estimation of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn,
Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn present in agricultural samples such as food grains, vegetables and fruits. For comparison
purpose the samples of water used for irrigation purpose and soils collected from agriculture fields were also
analyzed for these metals.

PP-211: Environment and Global Warming

Seema Sharma, Pravesh kumar and Sunil kumar
Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut, U. P., India
pksainiamr@gmail.com

Earths atmosphere contain gases called greenhouse gases [mostly vapor and carbon dioxide] which act to keep
the lower layers of the atmosphere warmer that they otherwise would be without those gases. Global warming
is the expected slow, gradual warming of the lower layers of the Earths lower atmosphere by slowly
increasing concentration of man made green house primarily carbon dioxide and to a lesser extent methane
these gases trap infrared radiation, which is the heat radiation that cools the Earth. The burning of fossil fuels,
mainly petroleum and cool produces carbon dioxide as one of the by products. As of 2003, the concentration of
carbon dioxide is over 50% higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution in the late 1800s
which is when the burning of fossil fuels really took off. The Earths climate changes in response to external
forcing, including changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, variation in Earths orbit around the sun, changes
in solar luminosity and volcanic eruptions. The thermal inertia of the ocean and slow responses of other indirect
effects mean the climate can table centuries or longer to adjust to changes in forcing. Global dimming, a gradual
reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earths surface may have partially counteracted global
warming during the period 1960-1990. Human caused aerosols likely precipitated this effect, ozone depletion,
the steady decline in the total amount of ozone in earths stratosphere, is sometimes cited in relation to global
warming. Although there are a few areas of linkage the relationship between the two in not strong. Global
warming is the combined result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and changes in solar
irradiance, which climate change refer to any change in the state of the climate that can be identified by its
properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades of longer. Increasing global temperature
will cause sea levels rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, likely including expansion of
subtropical deserts. The continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice is expected, with the arctic region
being particularly affected. Other likely effects include shrinkage of the Amazon rain forest and Boreal forests,
increases in the intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions and changes in agricultural yields,
political and public debate continues regarding the appropriate response to global warming. The available
options are mitigation to reduce further emission; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to reverse global
warming, most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto-protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse
gas emissions.

154

PP-212: Clay polymer nanocomposites as a controlled release carrier of an anticancer
Drug

Seema and Monika Datta
*

seema_chem123@yahoo.com, monikadatta_chem@yahoo.co.in

5 Fluorouracil (5FU) is a pyrimidine analogue having broad spectrum activity against solid tumors, effectively
used in the treatment of colon, breast, lungs and neck cancers. Disadvantages associated with 5FU are due to its
short biological half life (10-15 minutes), incomplete and non-uniform oral absorption, toxic side effects on
gastrointestinal tract, non selective action on healthy cells. It is mainly administered via intravenous mode.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a formulation for sustained release of 5FU for oral administration which
could act as an alternative to intravenous administration and thus improve the quality of life of the patient. The
present research is aimed at developing clay-polymer nanocomposites as controlled oral drug delivery system
for 5 FU. The synthesized products have been characterized by appropriate analytical techniques. Intercalation
of polymer-drug particles within the nanoclay layers has been supported by the XRD data. Drug loaded
nanocomposites were found to be of 50-200 nm in size (as supported by TEM analysis). Physical status of the
drug within the nanocomposites has been confirmed by DSC studies .These synthesized products have
substantial drug loading capacity. In vitro drug release profiles in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, indicates a
sustained release of drug for 8 hours at 37C.
On the basis of these investigations it appears that synthesized products have potential to be used as a controlled
release system for anticancer drug 5 FU for oral administration.

PP-213: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Xylose by Hexacyanoferrate (III) in
aqueous alkaline Buffer

Anjali goel
1
and Shailja
2*

1
Department of chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University,
2
M.M (P.G.) College, Satikund, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

The title reaction was investigated in aqueous alkaline buffered medium. The kinetic results indicate the zero
order kinetics in hexacyanoferrate (III) and first order in xylose and hydroxyl ion concentration. The ionic
strength of the medium has no influence on oxidation rate showing the involvement of same neutral molecule in
the rate determining step. The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction has also been studied and activation
parameters have been evaluated. The mechanism based on the experimental results is proposed and rate law is
derived.
PP-214: Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of Ir(iii) with Alanine inaqueous
Alkaline medium

Anjali Goel
*
and Shakunj
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University,

A method for the determination of iridium is based on the Ir(III) catalyzed oxidation of alanine by
hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkanine medium. In this method Beers law is obeyed in the range of 2.99 to
19.98 g cm
-3
of Ir(III). The molar absorptivity & sandells sensitivity are found 1.0 x 10
3
to 1.3 X 10
3
l mol
-1
cm
-1
and 0.192 to 0.145 g cm
-2
respectively. The value of correlation coefficient lies between 0.983 to 0.993.
The effect of few interfering ions have been worked out for developing the calibration curves in terms of
absorbance or pseudo first order rate constant vs. Ir(III) plot, absorbance was noted at
max
of 420 nm. The
results show that the present method is more simple and sensitive then the reported methods and especially
useful in absence of the expected interfering ions. The standard deviation estimated from six independent
determinations in sample of Ir (III) are 0.0588 to 0.1220.

155

PP-215: Degradation of poly vinyl alcohol

Shakya Dutta and Atul Prakash
University Of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi,
Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
atul.prakash710@gmail.com, shk.dutta.91@gmail.com

The worldwide consumption of polymeric materials and plastics is rising annually by around 7 to 10 % . Total
consumption has also shown a manifold rise in parameter with a increase from 30 kg per capita to 80 kg per
capita. Public concern about the environmental problems has broght people to a consequence of recycling rather
than production and consumption.Mnay plastics having consumption time os 1 year are discaraded as a
waste.One of the available option is organic recycling.It diverts the biodegradable wastes from land fill,
preventing the emission of methane and other green house gases. This also refers to concept of
biopolymerswhich is conversion of polymeric material using conventional or enzymetic synthetic
procedure.The environmental fate of water soluble PVA has been primarily investigated due to its largest
utilization in textile and paper industry , that generate large amount of waste water with PVA contamination.
After 1936,PVA was recognized as a biodegradable synthetic polymer, but afterwards it was truly
assessed.Aerobic bacterias are used for that purpose;in which some species degrade and assimilate PVA
axenically.The sample also undergo mineralization and hydrolysis.Thses two factors also affects the degradation
of this polymer.Samples of polymer are available in three forms(PVA72,PVA88,PVA98);their kinetics of
microbial action are different.Biodegradation is also affected by degree of polymerization.Presence of
hydrophobic acetyl group also affect the rate.Biodegradation carried out in different mediums- aqueous and dry
medium ,which shows different trends.Molecular weights and mineralization degree also affects the
degradation.Knowing the trends both the mediums can be recommended for degradation.

PP-216: Durban: Last chance to save Kyoto Deal
Shalini Mathur
National Law University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
shalinimathurdelhi@yahoo.com

Signed in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol saw most developed nations agree to legally binding commitments on
curbing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are blamed for Global Warming. The chief of the United
Nations (UN) climate change panel, Christina Figueres, warned that by the end of 2012, the existing framework
pledges under the Kyoto Protocol would expire, with nothing to replace it. Developed countries that have
shown reluctance towards binding commitments will get an excuse not to do anything until China, India and
other emerging economies are subjected to identical treatment. The latter will insist on some commitment from
advanced countries before taking binding steps. Against a background of record GHG emissions in the
atmosphere, more frequent and intense extreme weather events, but also growing momentum for action to fight
climate change, the UN Climate Change Conference in Durban (28 November to 9 December 2011) kicked off.
For Durban to be a success, the unanswered political questions need to be addressed; most importantly the level
of ambition and the legal nature of mitigation (emission reduction) commitments after 2012. The future of the
Kyoto Protocol is not in question, but the question is about its second commitment period. The question is not
about whether the market would be there or not, but about its scale, its time duration, and how strong a legal
foundation it would have. Change and solutions are always possible. This article brings out the thought process
and the stands taken by various countries and also highlighting the outcome of the Durban Conference for
environmentally aware citizens.
PP-217: Chemotypic variation in Craniotome furcata: Effect of microclimatic
conditions

Shalini Singh and Geeta Tewari
*

geeta_k@rediffmail.com

Craniotome furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze (Syn. C. versicolar, Anisomeles (Link) furcata, A. nepalensis, Nepeta
versicolor) belonging to family the Lamiaceae is an erect, perennial, branched and soft hairy herb. Craniotome
furcata has been used as folk medicine. The leaf juice is applied for treatment of wounds. Various
156

environmental factors affect the essential oil composition of aromatic and medicinal plants and play a very
important role in the biogenetic pathways of different secondary metabolites of oil.
Fresh plant material of C. furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze along with its soil samples (0-20 cm) was collected from
ten locations in Kumaun Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India). The essential oils of C. furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze were
analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in soil and plant samples
were also determined. Statistical analysis of correlation coefficient was done to correlate different
environmental and soil factors with major constituents.
Four chemotypes were detected on the basis of their essential oil composition. Chemotype-I was rich in -
elemene and germacrene D, chemotype-II with two subgroups: subgroup-I: -elemene, germacrene D, -
zinziberene and -cadinol subgroup-II: germacrene D, -zinziberene, germacrene B and -muurolol;
chemotype-III: -cadinene, germacrene D-4-ol, -muurolol, -cadinol, oplopanon and -bisabolol oxide A
and chemotype-IV: -elemene, germacrene D, -zinziberene, germacrene B, -muurolol and -cadinol. At
higher altitude, more germacrene D was synthesized in C. furcata. Nitrogen and Iron in soil negatively affect
synthesis of -elemene while zinc, copper and manganese in soil positively affect the synthesis of -bisabolol
oxide A in C. furcata. The percentage of -elemene was found to be more in taller plants.

PP-218: Bionic Eye modelling using Thermogenerators

Shallu Singhal, Vikas kumar, Sourabh Singhal, Sanjeev Gaba and Anamika Bhatia
shallusinghal@ymail.com, vk1408@gmail.com, sourabhsnhl@gmail.com, sanjeev.rgec@rediffmail.com,
anamikajain2829@gmail.com
In the era of increasing energy demand, energy conservation has become an important topic for discussion.
Energy conversion can be proved to be a boon for the visually challenged person. In this paper of bionic eye
modelling, we have put forward a strategy of using a thermo generator that will convert human body heat into
electricity that will generate the required amount of power for charging the battery of bionic eye. Also this
battery can be used to store the excess energy generated, which can be further used as back up.

PP-219: Portable free energy system for homes

M. Sharath kumaar
*
and V. Ragavarajan

Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
msharathkumaar@gmail.com, ragavarajan01@gmail.com

With energy crisis at its peak, conserving energy by improving the design of the present day electrical/
mechanical equipments is the need of the hour. The challenge here is to develop a prototype that would
revolutionize the current electrical appliances by increasing the efficiency while keeping the prices within the
reach of a common man. The solutions can range from modification of current electrical devices to building
your own appliances with multiple uses. The main Idea is to design to achieve the perpetual motion for an
alternator.i.e. without giving input we will be getting an output. Then overall efficiency of that machine can be
increased more than 100%.The entire concept is new. If this system is implemented then it is having the
potential to replace all other renewable energy sources with minimum cost. This paper is discussing about the
hardware implementation of methodology that can be adopted for getting the free energy in an effective way
without polluting the environment.

PP-220: Synthesis, characterization and luminescence of Eu
3+
- doped CaZrO
3

Nanophosphors

Sheetal
*
, V.B.Taxak and S.P. Khatkar
sheetallohra@gmail.com, s_khatkar@rediffmail.com

A solution combustion route for the synthesis of Eu
3+
-activated CaZrO
3
and their photoluminescent properties
have been investigated. Structure and luminescent characteristics of CaZrO
3
:Eu
3+
perovskites nanophosphors
have been studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier
transform infra-red spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that simple CaZrO
3
phase was
obtained and the crystal size was also calculated.

The incorporation of Eu
3+
activator in these nanoparticles has
been checked by luminescence characteristics. Monitoring at 616 nm, the excitation spectrum consists of a
broad band and a series of narrow bands and the stronger excitation peaks located at 279 and 396
nm,respectively. These nanoparticles have displayed red color which is due to characteristic transition of Eu
3+

157

from
5
D
0
7
F
2
at 616 nm under near UV light (396 nm) excitation. In addition, the optimal Eu
3+
- doped
contents of CaZrO
3
nanophosphors were also studied.

PP-221: Electrochemical Investigations on the toxicity of Organic Pollutants present in
industrial effluents

Shilpi Saxena
dr_shilpi2004@yahoo.com

The electrochemical oxidation of Organic pollutant has been studied at solid micro electrodes over a wide pH
range. Phenyl hydrazine exhibited a single anodic diffusion controlled and irreversible peak during cyclic
voltammetric studies.
Voltammograms were recorded prior to electrolysis at different pH, scan rates and concentrations. The redox
behaviour of the compounds was studied to have the optimum experimental conditions for their degradation and
to find out the decrease in toxicity in the breakdown products of the degradation. The purpose of the present
study is to address the issue by investigating the performance of electrochemical treatment for the removal of
toxicity.

PP-222: Eco-Abode: Sustainable futuristic design
Green buildings using passive solar housing concept

Shivam Saxena
*
and Amritansh Tripathi
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
shivamsaxena45@gmail.com

Sustainable architecture means: form follows ethics, i.e. the design is the result of a careful consideration of
functions, materials and their life-cycle performance including long term perspectives, present and future human
needs and social aspects. This is the basic principle under which the Eco-Abode, a passive solar house made of
renewable resources, will be constructed. The paper explores the concept of Eco-Abode. It explains in details
the construction technologies, working principles and new innovations used in making the Eco-Abode. Passive
solar house technology is already well known. Building materials based on renewable resources are
manufactured in some areas. But the combination of both along with advance technologies is quite unique. This
combination can be brought to reality by the Eco-Abode. On an operative level the principles of sustainable
building ask for consideration of quantitative and qualitative problems of material flows which are responsible
both for ecological damage and rising costs for disposal. The factor 10 concept i.e. reducing the material,
energy and area consumption by a factor of 10 is implemented in this building. Thereby the whole
consumption within the live cycle is considered. Using renewable resources like straw in the construction
reduces the material and energy consumption during the whole life cycle. The paper encapsulates the role of
factor 10 concept in Eco-Abode.The combination of renewable building materials with the concept of passive
solar houses to the ends of sustainable building asks for the development of new techniques. Over all the
construction of Eco-Abode includes innovations that cover construction details within the whole house from
ground work over windows, wall construction, to the roof. Some of the key innovations are straw-bale walls,
biomass stove that can be used as a stand-alone oven, double-layered glass panes, solar heating, eco-bricks and
spray-foam insulation. These innovative ideas will be explained in the paper in detail. While buildings and
development provide countless benefits to society, they also have significant environmental and health impacts.
If we look at the scenario in United States, the buildings consume 40% of all energy used, 72% of all electricity
generated and account for 38% of all CO
2
emissions - more than all the transportation activity combined.
Buildings use 40% of raw materials globally which accounts for 3 billion tons annually. The EPA estimates that
136 million tons of building-related construction and demolition debris is generated in the US annually and that
is 40% of the total solid waste stream sent to landfills each year. These facts clearly depict the urgency of Eco-
Abode housing.Renewable resources are important in the shift of our economic system towards sustainable
development. There is a multitude of functional solutions based on renewable resources on the one hand and a
high dissemination potential due to the enormous material flow on the other hand. The realization of the Eco-
Abode building opens access to sustainable technologies for a broad public and displays long-term measuring in
a realistic user scenario.

158

PP-223: Green Computing in the field of MANET

Papendra Kumar, Aruna Rani

and Shobha Arya

Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
papendra1@yahoo.co.in, arunavin_raj@yahoo.co.in, 01shobha@gmail.com

Green Computing now a day is the hot matter with respect to the environment and technology. The term
green computing is the combination of study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of
computers, servers, and associated subsystemsfor example monitors, printers, storage devices, and
networking and communications systems with less or no impact on the environmentin efficient and effective
manner."In Green Computing the MANETs plays an important role in communications systems. The Mobile Ad
Hoc Networks (MANETs) in an autonomous collection of mobile nodes or users that communicate with each
other using a wireless physical medium without relying on pre-existing wired infrastructure. The MANETs
is an infrastructure less network which provides efficient and effective services with minimum loss of energy
and having a minimum or no impact on the environment.

PP-224: Green Computing: Energy saver equipments

Shubham Barnwal
K .C. M. T., Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
www.shubh.lmp@gmail.com

Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently.Green computing
emphasizes on reducing the use of hazardous materials, maximizing the energy efficiency and promoting
recyclability of defunct products and e-waste. Taking this into consideration,the popular use of information
technology industry ,it has lead a revolution of turning green in manner no industry has never done before.Green
computing is a way to create a balance between computing services and environmental causes which are
prevalent in todays world . It includes products and services with optimum efficiency and all possible options
towards energy savings. In this paper,several environmental benefits of recycling by selling and using
reburfished equipment are discussed.It emphasizes on booming market of recycling e-waste.
Many companies are working or designing a new energy saver computer systems.Some of them are HP(Hewlett
Packard),IBM,Dell etc.The new technology based computers are easy to disassemble and meets European
Unions RoHS standards for the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
equipments.

PP-225: Thermodynamics of molecular interactions of formamide with
propanol 308.15 K

Manju Rani
*
, Priyanka Lahot and Sanjeev Maken
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
manjurani.che@dcrustm.org

Amides are important class of bio-organic solvents and are convenient model systems for investigating peptide
and proteinsolvent interactions. The H-bonding formation ability of these solvents with other H-bonded self-
associating solvents is useful in understanding the peptide linkage in complex bio-systems. Formamide is the
simplest amide that contains a peptide linkage, the fundamental building block of proteins. It is highly polar (=
3.37D at 298.15 K) and are strongly self-associated through extensive three-dimensional network of hydrogen
bonds, through its three hydrogen bond donors (3 H-atoms) and three acceptors (two lone pairs of electrons at
oxygen and one on nitrogen atom). Alcohols are self associated organic compound through hydrogen bonding
of their hydroxyl groups. These are biologically and industrially important amphiphilic materials. Branching of
alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl group results in abnormal behaviour of alcohols. Since the components of
binary mixtures of amide and alkanols have both proton-donating/accepting abilities, significant interaction
through hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules is expected. This prompted us to study thermodynamics of
molecular interactions between amides and alcohols. Molar excess volumes and enthalpy have been measured at
308.15 K for formamide + 1-propanol or 2-propanol mixtures. Molar excess volumes, V
E
, for the binary
mixtures have been measured by V-shaped dilatometer at 308.15K. The temperature of water thermostat was
controlled to 0.01 K by a mercury-in-toluene regulator. The change in the position of the liquid level in the
capillary was noted with a cathetometer (OSAW, Ambala) that could read to 0.001 cm. Molar excess
enthalpies (H
E
) data at 308.15 K were determined by a flow microcalorimeter (LKB-2107, LKB, Broma,
159

Sweden). The measured ) ( H or V X where X
E
= data at 308.15 K were fitted to the following
Redlick and Kister equation. The H
E
values for all the binary systems are positive over the entire composition.
At equimolar composition, H
E
values vary in the order: 2-propanol > 1-propanol.On the other hand, V
E
values
for formamide + 1-propanol or 2-propanol systems are negative over the whole composition range. At
equimolar composition, V
E
values follow the sequence: 1-propanol>2-propanol. The excess volume data and
excess enthalpy data have also been rationalized by graph-theoretical arguments. It has been observed that this
approach can be relied upon to yield meaningful information about the state of aggregation of the component of
binary mixtures as well as energetic of intermolecular interactions.

PP-226: Liquid phase adsorption of C8 isomers with highest purity on Y type zeolites

Priyanka Lahot
1*
, Manju Rani
1
, Vijaya Lakshmi
2
and Sanjeev Maken
1

1
Deenbandhu Chottu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India
2
R&D Department, Manufacturing Unit, Reliance Industries Limited, Vadodara, India
priyankalahot@gmail.com

The separation of C8 aromatic isomers is of commercial importance in the petrochemical industry. In the
petrochemical industry, p-xylene (PX) is a starting material for the synthesis of polyesters and plastics. Because
of the vast number of industrial uses of polyesters, the demand for PX increases. Separation of aromatic isomers
occurs in liquid phase at a temperature of 150C close to the boiling point of xylenes. Commercial separation is
done using methods like crystallization, extract distillation and adsorption/desorption of xylene isomers on
adsorbents. In the present paper, adsorption based methods for separation of o-, m-, & p-xylene (OX, MX)
isomers in liquid phase will be presented. But simulated moving bed separation which is based on adsorption-
desorption technique gives effective separation from the economical point of view. Zeolite Y was selected for
this work. The zeolites Y were exchanged with K and Ba ions to vary the size of the zeolite pore opening. The
adsorbent suitable for separation of each of these xylene isomers was selected based on its adsorption capacity
at 20C. The aim is to find suitable compensation cation with high adsorption capacities and selectivities for
optimal separation of these xylene isomers. The zeolites were exchanged with potassium and barium ions. On
exchange of Na with K the pore opening of the zeolite decrease due to bulkier size of K ion. On exchange with
Na with Ba the pore opening increases due to smaller size of Ba and also the number of cations decreases as Ba
because it is divalent. It has been found from the adsorption isotherm that NaY adsorbent shows more
adsorption capacity for PX. Adsorption of PX & ethyl benzene (EB) is higher due to smaller size of molecule;
OX & MX is lower due to bigger molecular size and steric hindrance of molecule. While for BaY adsorbent,
OX shows higher capacity due to higher pore opening in BaY as compared to the NaX, where as for KY
adsorbent, EB shows higher capacity due to slightly larger pore opening as compared to NaY due to bulkier size
of K ions. The best suited adsorbent for the separation of PX & MX is found to be NaY.

PP-227: Excess molar enthalpies and isothermal (vapour liquid) equilibria of sec- butyl
chloride + cyclohexane or + benzene or + toluene mixtures

Naveen
1*
, Hariom
1
and Krishan Chander Singh
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak , India
2
Department of de Fisica Aplicada, University of Poltecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
verma_naveen17@yahoo.co.in

Molar excess enthalpy of mixing
have been determined for the binary mixtures (sec-butyl chloride +

cyclohexane, or + benzene, or + toluene) calorimetrically at T = 298.15 K. Vapor pressure of sec-butyl chloride
(SBC) + cyclohexane, or + benzene, or + toluene mixtures at T = 298.15 K are measured by a static method.
The excess Gibbs free energy of mixing
is calculated by fitting the vapor pressure data to Redlich- Kister

correlation according to Barkers method. The result has been analyzed in terms of Flory theory and Ideal
associated model of non- electrolytes. The ideal associated model which assumes the presence of AB type
molecular species explains reasonably well the dependence of the excess enthalpy of these systems on the mole
fraction of the components. The equilibrium constant for the reaction A+B AB, along with the enthalpy of
formation of AB molecular species, have also been calculated.

160

PP-228: High field ionic conduction in anodic oxide films on tantalum in aqueous
electrolytes

Hariom
1*
, Naveen
1
and Krishan Chander Singh
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
2
Department of de Fisica Aplicada, University of Poltecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
harichem2007@gmail.com

The studies on the anodic growth of film on tantalum were carried out at various current densities (2.5, 5.0, 10.0
and 15.0 mAcm
-2
) in presence of 0.1N solutions of acetic acid, succinic acid and picric acid (prepared in 1:1v/v
of Ethanol + water) at four different temperatures (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K).
The constants A and B of Guntherschulze and Betz empirical equation have been determined. The value of A
varied with temperature but the value of B was found independent of temperature, which implies the non-
dependence of Tafel slope on temperature. Dignams quadratic variation of field strength with ionic current
density was examined critically. The zero field activation energy ( ), dimensionless quantity (C), zero field
activation dipole (
*
), net activation energy W(E) and More function parameter (w
*
) of Dignam model were
evaluated. The effects of temperature, current density and nature of electrolyte on various parameters of Dignam
model have been discussed. An appreciable contribution of the quadratic term elucidates that single-barrier
theories of ionic conduction do not explain the data satisfactorily.

PP-229: Variation in Chlorophyll content and soluble sugars in leaves of
Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees with seasons and its relation to CO
2
sequestration

Malik Saira
*
and Bakshi Meena
Plant Physiology Discipline, Forest Research Institute Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
msaira.research@gmail.com
The genus Dendrocalamus belongs to the family Poaceae under the sub family Bambusoideae. Dendrocalamus
strictus (Roxb.) Nees is one of the priority species of the country which is distributed in different forest types of
India. It occupies 53% of the total bamboo area in India. The most predominant areas are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Western Ghats. It is climatically versatile and
offers environmental benefits as it has been observed that bamboo sequesters around four times more CO
2
than
average timber and produces 35% more O
2.
In order to establish how good bamboo is at sequestering carbon, it
is important to examine the rate at which its biomass changes. Leaf chlorophyll content and sugar content is
directly correlated to biomass accumulation through photosynthesis; hence, study of such traits is essential to
know biomass accumulation potential of this species.
Keeping the aforesaid in view, the present work purports to study the variation in twenty accessions based on
total chlorophyll, a, b, a/b and soluble sugars with seasons viz., summer (May to June), rainy (July to August),
winter (December January) for two consecutive years.
A germplasm of D.strictus was established at FRI in year 2007 representing 296 accessions from 17 states
.Twenty accessions were chosen and subjected to biochemical analysis.
The results obtained using ANOVA connoted significant variation at 0.1% level of significance among seasons
with the maximum total chlorophyll (2.71 mg g
-1
FW), chlorophyll a (1.82 mg g
-1
FW, chlorophyll b (0.89 mg g
-
1
FW) and soluble sugars (24.95 mg g
-1
DW) observed in rainy followed by consequential downtrend towards
the winter season. Accession wise A35 from Hoshiyarpur-I (Punjab) outperformed the score in recording the
maximum total chlorophyll (2.55 mg g
-1
FW) and total soluble sugars (25.2 mg g
-1
DW).
Further a positive correlation (r=0.65) between total chlorophyll and soluble sugars was observed. Thus, one can
deem these traits as biochemical markers for biomass accumulation which in turn will serve as a bio-indicator
for CO
2
sequestration.

161

PP-230: Energy conservation in wireless sensors through network coding

Nikhil Arora
1
and Shiv Kumar Singh
2
1
2
Faculty of Engineering and Tecnology, Gurukul Kangari University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
nikhil1986.007@gmail.com

The paper is about the energy conservation in wireless sensors network using some coding techniques like
network coding.As the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network composed of sensor nodes communicating
among themselves and deployed in large scale (from tens to thousands) for applications such as environmental,
habitat and structural monitoring, disaster management, equipment diagnostic, alarm detection, and target
classification. In WSNs, typically, sensor nodes are randomly distributed over the area under observation with
very high density.
Each node is a small device able to collect information from the surrounding environment through one or more
sensors, to elaborate this information locally and to communicate it to a data collection Centre called sink or
base station. WSNs are currently an active research area mainly due to the potential of their applications.
However, the deployment of a large scale WSN still requires solutions to a number of technical challenges that
stem primarily from the features of the sensor nodes such as limited computational power, reduced
communication bandwidth and small storage capacity. Further, since sensor nodes are typically powered by
batteries with a limited capacity, energy is a primary constraint in the design and deployment of WSNs.
As Network coding is a technique where, instead of simply relaying the packets of information they receive, the
nodes of a network will take several packets and combine them together for transmission. This can be used to
attain the maximum possible information flow in a network. Network coding is a field of information theory and
coding theory. The paper is for data based wireless sensor networks (WSN) with huge information exchange
operations, NC can improve the broadcastefficiency by combining different incoming data together using
appropriate coding methods. The paper presents a linear network coding in which the o/p flow at the given
nodes is the linear combination of the input nodes.the coefficients of the combination are obtained from a finite
field.coding can be implemented at the low computational cost.
The Main idea in this paper is to Select the linear coefficients in a finite field of opportune size ina random way
Send the encoding vector within the same packet i.e Packetization where the Header removes need for
centralized knowledge of graph topology and encoding/decoding functions Nodes stores within their buffers the
received packets and the bufferi ng which allows asynchronous packets arrivals & departures with arbitrarily
varying rates, delay, loss.
Based on the study of NC, this paper first gives the theory analysis of two traditional information exchange
methods and NC based information exchange method in cluster based WSNs, which proves the benefits of NC
in energy saving in theory.Then, the simulation results under different network situations which show that NC
based method can greatly reduce the energyconsumption and balance the network loads compared with
traditional information exchange methods, which proves the efficiency of NC in energy saving.

PP-231: Heavy Metal Scavengers: A potential route for Green Environment

Shuvasish Cshoudhury
1*
, Joby Joseph
2
and Jaspal Singh
3
1
Natural Product Process Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
2
Department of Botany, MarThoma College, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India
3
Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
shuvasish@bioinfoaus.ac.in, shuvasish@gmail.com

Environmental contamination with heavy metals poses severe effect on living organisms. With increase in
anthropogenic activities, the concentration of several heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, etc. has been
increasing to a great extent. Plants can be a potential source for decontamination of metal polluted environment.
The presence of both essential and non essential heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil and water, in excessive
amounts, can cause serious problems to all organisms. The knowledge of heavy metal contamination and
possible role of plants in its detoxification has been significantly reported by several workers.
In the present paper, we analyse the possible ways of metal decontamination pathways that a plant can adopt.
The paper also emphasizes the various possible types of plants that can reconstruct a heavy metal contaminated
environment greener.

162

PP-232: Green Technology for Greener Environment: Use of Biodiesel blends in diesel
Engine

Siddegowda. S
1
, Nijagunappa
2
and Basava Raja
1
1
Department of Training & Tech. Education, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, India
2
Department of Environmental Science, Gulbarga University, Karnataka, India
pusassg@gmail.com

Energy is a vital and growing need for human activities such as transport, agriculture and industry. The
transport and agriculture sectors are major consumers of fossil fuel. However, availability of fossil fuels is
limited. The use of fossil fuels is of increasing environmental concerns because it produces toxic airborne
particulates and greenhouse gases such as CO
2
. The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world
led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels.
Hence, it is necessary to seek alternative fuels, which can be produced from resources available locally within
the country such as alcohol, biodiesel and vegetable oils. The world is presently confronted with the twin crises
of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation.
The search for alternative fuels, which promise a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy
conservation, efficiency and environmental preservation has become highly pronounced in the present context.
Excessive use of fossil fuels has led to global environmental degradation effects such as greenhouse effect, acid
rain, ozone depletion and climate change. There is a growing realization worldwide that something constructive
has to be done soon to reduce the GHG emissions. Biodiesel is very interesting alternative fuel to the diesel.
The biodiesel can be obtained from renewable sources, such as vegetable oil or animal fat through a
transesterification process. The main objective of transesterification is to reduce the viscosity close to that of
the diesel. Biodiesel have many advantages like renewability, biodegradability, lubricity and also having low
levels of sulfur contents. Biodiesel is methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acid made from vegetable oils (both edible
and non-edible) and animal fat. The main non-edible oils resources for biodiesel production are Jatropha curcas
(Ratanjyot) & Pongamia pinnata (Karanj). Biodiesel can be blended in any proportion with mineral diesel to
create a biodiesel blend or can be used in its pure form. Just like petroleum diesel, biodiesel can be used in
compression ignition (diesel) engine, and require very little or no modifications in engine because biodiesel has
properties similar to that of mineral diesel. It can be stored just like mineral diesel and hence does not require
separate infrastructure.
The use of biodiesel in conventional diesel engines results in substantial reduction in emission of unburned
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate. This presentation reviews the production, characterization and
current status of biodiesel along with Emissions and Performance of diesel engine with biodiesel blends.

PP-233: Renewable resources: Osmotic Energy

Siddharth Jain and Ravi Sharma
ECE Department, Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas, India

Anything non-reusable, non recyclable that we produce will add to a heap of waste after their use. Energy, as
the science clearly says, can be converted from one form to another. Then why not use renewable sources of
energy for a sustainable life. For example fossil fuels contaminate our environment and we are also running out
of them. This paper focuses on osmotic energy. Osmosis means passage of water from a region of high water
concentration (often freshwater) through a semi permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration
(often Na Cl). The membrane only lets water molecules pass. Salt molecules, sand, silt and other contaminants
are prevented to do so. Several physiological processes use this osmotic effect.
For instance, our body uses it to bring water back from the kidneys, and plants use osmosis to keep the water
pressure inside the plant at a fixed level. Since scientists have found a way to build semi permeable membranes,
we can use the osmotic effect and convert it to mechanical energy.
This paper focus on principle, generation, advantages, economic and environmental prospects of osmotic
power and how this technology contributes value to renewable energy production. The scope of this paper
covers, the fundamental concepts of osmosis, the real-world implementation of this technology along with its
limitations, and finally the future direction in which the osmotic power generation is headed towards.

163

PP-234: Study of water pollution and its effect on Aquatic fauna in Bareilly, U.P, and
surrounding areas

Smita Jain
1
and

Barkha
2
1
Department of Zoology, Govt. Mahila Degree College, Bareilly, U.P., India
2
Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Badaun, India
smita.jsmita.jain@gmail.com, khan.barkha.@gmail.com

One in every seven persons on this planet lives in India, with 16% of the world's population and only 2.4 of its
land area, this causes a great disbalance in the ratio of natural resources and consumers. Progress in agriculture
and industry resulted into unlimited exploitation of every bit of natural resource. The unfavourable conditions
created by man itself threatened the survival of living fauna & flora both.Water is the important constituent of
life support system. It is most important natural resource. It is a habitat for creatures that can live nowhere else.
Most of our water bodies, ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and oceans have become polluted due to industrial
growth, urbanisation and other man made problems. Water pollution is the addition by humans of something to
the water that alters its chemical composition, temperature or microbial composition to such extent that harm
occurs to aquatic fauna (Loyd 1992).
Ramganga, Kila river, Nakatiya river, Doha river and Behgul river are the surrounding rivers of Bareilly district
out of which the largest main river is Ramganga. These rivers have enriched aquatic fauna mainly etable fishes,
but it is observed that due to larger organic load a condition of abnormally low dissolved oxygen (hypoxia)
occurs which effects adversely on the fish physiology.
In Kila river and Nakatiya river specially there is excess of biodegradable detergents being added to water
resulting the growth of Phyloplankton.
In the present studies four Tehsils of Bareilly Aonla, Faridpur, Baheri and Nawabganj and city itself was
surveyed. Water collecting areas and other resources were pointed out and water sample was tested for the
detection of percentage of toxic substances. Along with this aquatic fauna was also studied. The results suggest
that major classes of toxic chemicals of concern for fish are metal, chlorine, cyanides, ammonia, detergents,
acids, pesticides, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Petroleum hydrocarbons and other miscellaneous chemicals.

PP-235: Biomedical Waste Managements Systems

Anshuman Rana
1
and Soham Vakil
2

1
Department of Chemical Engineering, D.J. Sanghvi College of Engineering Vile Parle(W), Mumbai,
Maharastra, India
2
Maharastra, India
anshsisodia@gmail.com, soham.g.vakil@gmail.com

Biomedical waste refers to any solid and/or liquid generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of
human beings or animals or in the production or treating of biological components. Hospitals produce waste,
which is increasing over the years in its amount and type. These wastes are toxic, hazardous and detrimental to
human health due to their high potentiality of disease transmission. Biomedical waste includes anatomical waste
(tissues, organs and body parts) micro-organism, syringes, blades, rubber hand gloves and other chemical
wastes.The indiscriminate disposals of untreated wastes are the causes which spread the infectious diseases like
Aids (HIV), Hepatitis, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Diphtheria, etc.
It is imperative, therefore, to adopt appropriate system for treatment and disposal of the hospital wastes.
Realizing the seriousness of the problems associated with the poor management of the bio-medical wastes, Bio-
Medical Waste Management system aims at proper handling, segregation, disfigurement, disinfection, storage,
transportation and final disposal of Bio-Medical waste. In order to get rid of the nuisance due to
mismanagement of the hospital waste the Government of India as contemplated under Section 6, 8 and 25 of the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, has made the Biomedical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.
Every institution generating biomedical waste which includes hospitals, nursing homes, clinic, dispensary,
veterinary institutions, animal houses, pathological lab, and blood bank have to track these rules. In this paper
the authors have tried to explain various biomedical waste management issues, their various methods of
disposal/ recycle, segregation, economical aspect and future prospects.

164

PP-236: Bio-Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their applications

Anshuman Rana
1
and Soham Vakil
1

1
Maharastra, India
anshsisodia@gmail.com, soham.g.vakil@gmail.com

Nanotechnology has the ability to create materials, devices and systems with fundamentally new and advanced
function properties. The commercial demand of Nanomaterials especially metallic nanoparticles has increased
due to their wide applicability in various fields of electronics, catalysts, chemistry and medicine. Silver is the
centre of attraction for various scientists because of its distinctive properties such as good conductivity,
chemical stability, catalytic and anti bacterial activity. It is well known that decrease in size results in increase in
surface area. In the case of silver, this increase in its surface area increases its catalytic and antibacterial
properties. Traditionally silver was synthesized using various physical and chemical method. But the traditional
methods were either too expensive or the chemicals used were toxic and flammable. So following the path of
green chemistry, scientists arrived at the bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles i.e. use of plants & micro-
organism to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Various plants (Helianthus annus, Azadirachta indica) weeds
(Ipomoea aquatica ) and micro-organism (Bacillus subtillis, Lactobacillus strains) showed the property of
reducing silver ion to silver nanoparticles. In this paper we present various methods of synthesizing silver
nanoparticles and their application. It also focuses on merits and demerits accompanying several methods. The
authors have made an attempt to determine the best method of synthesis of nanoparticles and highlight the
future prospects in synthesis and application.

PP-237: Utilization of Biogas as a useful source of renewable energy

Sunil Vidyarthi

and Tanuj Bisht

Amraplai Institute of Technology and Sciences, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
suni_vid@yahoo.co.in

Why Biogas to power? Scientific interest in the gasses produced by the natural decomposition of organic matter,
was first reported in the sixteenth century by Robert Boyle and Stephen Hale. The quest for alternate sources of
energy is propelled by numerous factors. One is shortage of conventional fossil fuels. These non-renewable
resources are constantly shrinking while their demand is ever-increasing. In effect, it pushes the cost of
generating power upwards. Apart from scarcity and cost, another problem facing most countries is the ever-
growing pile of waste dumps. What could be more appealing than being able to generate cheaper, cleaner Power
from waste. Biogas is produced from organic domestic or industrial waste, stagnant wastewater sludge, landfills,
and animal manure. It is generated by the action of bacteria on organic material in airless conditions, a process
known as anaerobic digestion.

PP-238: Antidiabetic activity of Plant extract of Urtica Parviflora in Alloxan induced
type II diabetes in rats

Surendra Gusain
1
, Kumud Upadhyaya
1*
and Vedvir S. Parihar
2

1
Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science & Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Poundha,
Dehradun, Uttarakhanad, India
2
Gyani Inder Singh Institute of Professional Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakand, India
surendra17@rediffmail.com
Diabetes mellitus is the most common and significant chronic endocrine disorder affecting approximately 200
million individuals worldwide. The Research objective was phytochemical investigation, antidiabetic activity of
polar/non-polar solvent extracts of Urtica Parviflora leaves. The powered leaves were subjected to successive
hot-solvent extraction process with the solvents in order of increasing polarity. The extracts were subjected to
qualitative chemical tests and steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides and tannins and phenolic
compounds were found to be present. TLC & HPTLC were run for the confirmation of steroids. The isolated
compounds were subjected to spectral studies UV and FT-IR. The effect of different extracts ethanolic, pet-
ether, aqueous and chloroform of Urtica Parviflora leaves were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity by using
alloxan induced diabetes models (albino rats) & Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg. p.o.) used as standard drug.
Preliminary Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids. Tannins and phenolic
substances in ethanolic extract of Urtica Parviflora leaves. LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica Parviflora leaves extracts
of pet ether, ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts were found to be 2000 mg/kg. 1/10th of LD50 cut-off
165

dose of Urtica Parviflora leaves extracts were taken for screening of antidiabetic activity. The present work
confirms that ethanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts showed significant antidiabetic activity.

PP-239: Biological treatment of waste water by using activated sludge process

S.A.Dharaskar
1*
and

S. S. Balkar
2

1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Visveshvarya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra,
India
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Anuradha Engineering College Chikhli, Buldan, Maharashtra, India
swapnildharaskar11@gmail.com

A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for the treatment of
synthetic wastewater and to develop a simple design criteria under local conditions
1
. A bench scale model
comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose. The model was operated
continuously for 210 days. Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) of the influent and effluent were measured to find process efficiency at various mixed
liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic detention time (). The results of the study
demonstrated that an efficiency of above 90% for COD could be obtained if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS
concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time () of 1 hour.

PP-240: Energy efficient computing using green computing technique

Swati Aggarwal
1
, Heman Pathak
2
and Pramod Kumar
1
1
SRGC, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
KGM, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
aggarwalswati37@gmail.com, hemanp@rediffmail.com, sharma.pramod.kr@gmail.com

Green computing is a very hot topic these days, not only because of rising energy costs and potential savings,
but also due to the impact on the environment. Energy to manufacture, store, operate, and cool computing
systems has grown significantly in the recent years, primarily due to the volume of systems and computing that
companies now heavily rely upon. Despite the huge surge in computing power demands, there are many
existing technologies and methods by which significant savings can be made. This series is dedicated to the
ways a typical organization can reduce their energy footprint while maintaining required levels of computing
performance. We love our computers for all the ways they make our lives (and the world) better -- the wealth of
knowledge (and democratizing force) of the Internet, the instantaneous communication, the sophisticated tools
that help us work and create and share. But this modern world's greatest tool is among our most disposable and
resource-heavy items. Performance-wise, computer design has progressed staggeringly well and astonishingly
fast but looking at it from a green perspective, the work has barely begun. It takes a lot of energy to create,
package, store, and move every 10-20 megabytes of data. Even with energy prices as cheap as they are now, it
will soon cost more to power a computer for four years than it does to buy a new one. Green technology plays a
very important role in terms of computing. However, scope of this paper is limited to Energy Efficient
Computing using green computing. Here we mainly focus on the Energy Efficient Computing. The principle
behind energy efficient coding is to save power by getting software to make less use of the hardware, rather than
continuing to run the same code on hardware that uses less power. Hence Green computing, the study and
practice of efficient and Eco-friendly computing resources, is now under the attention of not only environmental
organizations, but also businesses from other industries.

PP-241: Cellulose is an alternative to petrochemicals

R. K. Soni and Sweety Thakur
*

panwarpradeepp@gmail.com, rksoni_rks@yahoo.com

Cellulose is the most common organic polymer, representing about 1.5X10
12
tons of the total annual biomass
production. It is the most abundant and renewable biopolymer on earth and the dominating waste material from
agriculture. Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste products in the industry has been the focus of
research for economical, environmental and technical reasons. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a fibrous secondary
by-product of the sugar refining industry and represents 30-32% of the sugarcane plant. The annual production
166

of SCB is in the order of millions metric tons annually. It is particularly important that the biofuels (cellulosic/
lignocellulosic ethanol) are trying to make better use of crop residues and by-product by converting them into
the next generation of biofuels. A promising strategy for efficient utilization of this renewable resource is the
microbial hydrolysis, using enzymes, of lignocellulosic waste and fermentation and distillation of the resultant
reducing sugars for the production of desired metabolites or biofuels.
PP-242: Electrolytic and acoustic (ultrasonic) studies of sodium sulphite in acetic acid
and formic acid solvent at 30
0
c and 40
0
c temprature

Sweta Kushwaha
Manisweta15@rediffmail.com

The present work reflects the solute solvent interactions studies of sodium-sulphite in 50% Acetic acid and
50%, 100% formic acid at 30
0
C and 40
0
C. Ultrasonic velocities, viscosities and densities of sodium sulphite in
aq. Organic acid solutions of different concentration have been determined experimentally at 30
0
C and 40
0
C.
various acoustic parameters like intermolecular free length, isentropic compressibility, relative association and
solvation number have been computed by experimental data. These parameters have been discussed in terms of
solute solvent interaction.

PP-243: Effect of Anthropological Pressure on Pine dominating Forest of Block
Nowshera District Rajouri (J&K), India

Tajinder Singh
*
, L. R. Dangwal, Antima Sharma and Aman Deep Singh
Herbarium and Plant Systematic Lab., H. N. B Garhwal Central University, SRT Campus,
Badshahithaul Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
tajkhalsa@gmail.com

The present communicatuion deals with the effects of anthropological pressure and deforestation of Pine
dominating forest of the block Nowshera district Rajouri, J&K. Block Nowshera is situated at south-west of the
district Rajouri in the shiwalik range with elevation ranges from 500-1200m asl. covering an area of 477
sqkm.During the period 2009-2010, the study was carried out by using different sizes of quadrats randomly,
total 10 plots were selected and each plot size were 1010m for calculating diversity and density of the forest
species.The study area was dominated by Pinus roxburghii followed by Mallotus Phillipensis, Acacia modesta
etc. Shrubs and herbs diversity is increase due to anthropological pressure and it is maximum found in
deforested site and also some exotic weed species were increasing in the deforested area due to anthropological
pressure.Main stress was given to the anthropological pressure in the form of deforestation, fire cases,
increasing of agricultural lands, construction of houses and roads etc.
PP-244: Effect of extractives from needles of pinus roxburghii on white rot and brown
rot

Akhato Sumi
*
and Sadhna Tripathi
Wood preservation discipline Forest products division, Forest research institute,
Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
tripathis@icfre.org, akhatosumi@gmail.com

Natural resins and/or extractives from chir pine and other conifers or hardwoods have been investigated by
research for protection of wood and wood products. The chir pine, Pinus roxburghii, a native to the outer and
principal valleys of the Himalaya gets approximately 10.79 metric ton/ha of needles shed during the year. Pine
needle contain 0.2-0.3% of an essential oil. The pine needle being rich in resin content is a highly inflammable
fuel for igniting forest fires and they are also slow in decomposition forming a thick layer preventing
germination of seeds of associate species. Extractives from the pine needles were isolated and tested at different
concentrations against brown rot (Oligoporus placentus) and white rot (Trametes versicolor) by malt-agar
bioassay with an objective to develop an eco-friendly wood preservative. Results revealed the effectiveness of
pine needle extractive in inhibiting the growth of both the wood rotting fungi completely at low concentrations.

167

PP-245: Fumigant toxicity of chloropicrin against wood destroying insect: Lyctus
africanus

Himani Pant
*
and Sadhna Tripathi
Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
pant.himani@yahoo.co.in, tripathis@icfre.org

The practice of using fumigants to control decay has been widely accepted all over the world and has been
shown to be effective in controlling internal decay in transmission poles and other large wood timbers. The
present study deals with the testing of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) for its effectiveness in preventing or
arresting attack by wood borer i.e. Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera; Lyctidae). Softwood and hardwood
blocks (1.9cm
3
) were fumigated with different concentrations of chloropicrin. Results revealed that 0.4%
concentration of chloropicrin caused 100% mortality of L. africanus larvae in both woods. The lowest
concentration tested (0.05%) revealed 74.07 and 87.03% mortality in softwood and hardwood respectively. .On
the basis of probit analysis it was observed that the LC
50
of chloropicrin for L. africanus is 0.05 in softwood and
0.018 % in hardwood.

PP-246: Property of metal-ligand complex derived from cupric chloride(ii) and tannic
acid

Kanchan Rawat
*
and Sadhna Tripathi
Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute,
Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
tripathis@icfre.org, kanchan_fri@yahoo.com

Copper compounds have been used as wood preservatives as they are both fungicide and insecticide, relatively
inexpensive and environmentally acceptable. Copper (II) is probably the most extensive studied among the
transition metal ions. Due to the high affinity of copper with different ligands and the wide variety of ligands
geometries that it can accommodate, Copper(II) complexes have been extensively studied to find their possible
medical uses in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. An increasing number on antibacterial activity
studies in copper complexes have been reported. Tannins (tannic acid), ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems, are
ecologically important polyphenols with excellent metal-binding capacities due to several o-dihydroxyphenyl
groups. Tannins are natural preservatives found in many plant tissues, but their low toxicity prevents their sole
use as practical wood preservatives. With the purpose of developing an effective eco-friendly wood
preservative, tannic acid was complexed with cupric chloride to form the metal-ligand complex which was
tested for its anti-fungal efficacy against brown rot (Oligoporus placentus) and white rot (Trametes versicolor)
by malt agar bioassay. The complex was characterized by IR- Spectroscopy. Results proved the potential of
metal-ligand complex in causing complete inhibition in the growth of both the wood decaying fungi.

PP-247: Evaluation of compatibility of silicic acid with Phenol formaldehyde
adhesive in plywood

Shweta Bhatt
*
, Sadhna Tripathi and D. P Khali
Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India
tripathis@icfre.org, bhattshweta@ymail.com

Plywood is a structural composite wood, known for its unique properties such as dimensional stability,
minimum splitting, more strength due to two principal direction and availability of large thin sheets. It is mostly
made from non durable species, which need the protection from wood decaying agents, but interaction of
preservatives with wood adhesive may lead to poor adhesion of veneers. Therefore it is desirable to study the
compatibility of preservatives with adhesive. In the present study silicic acid preservative was added to Phenol
formaldehyde adhesive at different concentrations. The effect of different concentrations of silicic acid and
various pressing time during plywood manufacturing on adhesive performance was evaluated by glue shear
strength testing in dry condition, wet condition and by mycological test against Trametes versicolor.
Preliminary result exhibited that glue shear strength of plywood was improved at each concentration viz. 2, 3
and 4% in comparison to control and passed the criteria of IS:848(1974), but high pressing time at 4%
concentration reduced the glue shear strength of plywood.
168

PP-248: Changes in chemical constituents with heat treatment and its effect on
hygrosicopicity of Mangifera indica L. and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Wood

Yasir Ullah Bhoru
*
and Sadhna Tripathi
Wood Preservation discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research institute
tripathis@icfre.org, yasirbhoru@yahoo.com

Wood is a versatile material mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Heat treatment of wood
results in changes in proportion of these constituents thereby altering its physical, mechanical and anatomical
properties. Heat treatment results increase in hydrophobicity of wood hence dimensional stability of wood is
improved which is responsible for the shape of any product. The present study deals with heat treatment of
wood from two important locally available timber species Mangifera indica L. and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. In an
inert atmosphere. Heating was done at various temperatures viz.160, 190 and 210C with time intervals of 4, 8
and 12 hours for each treatment. Later on treated samples were analyzed for the status of cellulose and lignin
contents and its effect on water absorption of wood at higher humidity. Chemical investigations showed that
lignin content of wood increased while cellulose content decreased with increase in temperature and time of
treatment as compared to control. During the study it was found that there is general decrease in weight gain of
heat treated wood at high humidity compared to untreated wood.

PP-249: A kinetic study on the oxidation of glycine by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in
presence of Iridium Nanoparticles

Anjali Goel and Sonia Sharma
*

Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya,
Woman Campus of Gurukul Kangri University, Jawalapur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Well dispersed colloidal iridium nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone have been prepared
successfully by reduction of the hexachloroiridic acid precursor. The synthesized iridium nanoparticles were
characterized by XRD, TEM and XPS analysis. The catalysis by colloidal iridium nanoparticles was studied
kinetically using the oxidation of glycine - hexacyanoferrate(III) reaction in alkaline medium. The colloidal
iridium nanoparticles were found to be more active catalyst for oxidation of glycine. The catalytic system could
be recycled and reused.

PP-250: Combustion synthesis and photoluminescence characteristics of Tb
3+
doped
MgZrO
3

Nanoparticles

Sonika, V. B. Taxak
*
,
S. P. Khatkar and Mukesh Kumar
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
v_taxak@yahoo.com, sssonicasingh31@gmail.com

A novel green light emitting Tb
3+
doped MgZrO
3
nanophosphor was synthesized by combustion synthesis using
an organic fuel. The paste is kept in a preheated furnace maintained at 500
0
C. The combustion process utilizes
the enthalpy of combustion for the formation and the solid obtained was again fired at 700 C, 900 C and 1100
C for 3hrs to increase the brightness and crystallinity. Comparing with traditional material processing
techniques, combustion method is a relatively simple method. The advantages of short time reaction and low
temperature solution based process have been exploited to produce MgZrO
3
:Tb
3+
nanoparticles. The
synthesis conditions such as calcinations temperature and fuel concentration are varied in order to determine the
exact optimum conditions for synthesizing nanoparticles with superior optical properties and smaller particle
size. The nanocrystals obtained through combustion method were characterized by using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractions (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The average particle size of
the synthesized nanophosphor was around 40-70 nm.
The photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows predominant red color of the nanocrystals prepared under an UV
source that was attributed to transitions
5
D
4

7
F
5
at 544nm.

169

PP-251: Agnihotra and Homa organic farming

T. Srikar Reddy and M.Vamshi Krishna
*

srikarbharatha406@gmail.com, vamsi040indian2@gmail.com

The earth on which we are living is far worse when compared to the time of past few decades & centuries.
People behaved like humans and compared earth as their mother, where as now they started disrespecting her
and using her resources far more than the limit and polluting her continuously on the name of development.
Giving rise to most Significant environmental problems like soil pollution & Global warming. It is not just a
moral question, but also a scientific question that everybody talks about the environment, but very few look for
a solution & follow the protection processes to safeguard mother earth. Agnihotra & Homa Organic Farming is
the need of the hour which is the only solution suggested, practiced and experienced its fruitful effect by our
elders. This purifies the atmosphere and soil. Agnihotra is a simple process of purifying polluted atmosphere
through a specially prepared fire, generated by a process in a copper semi pyramid with definite dimensions
performed at sun rise & sun set. It is a great aid to harmonize the functioning of life and purification of air,
water and soil resources. Homa Organic farming is a better way of soil pollution free cultivation when compared
to agro-chemical farming, 75% of nutrients are absorbed from atmosphere by plants and only 25% from soil.
Performing of homa helps in carrying the nutrients equally throughout the plants by vascular system. The
application of homa ash plays a major role in dissolution of native phosphorus compounds and makes them
available to the plants besides mineralization as they contain appreciable amount of phosphorus. To extend the
influence of Homa Agriculture, a Resonance point technique (RPT) has also been introduced which has been
found successful in many countries including India. It is a great antidote for pollution free farming. Hence to
safeguard ourselves and the environment, Agnihotra & Homa organic farming is a must to every human being
on this earth has been elobratively dealt with practical findings and personal experiences.

PP-252: Hydrographic conditions prevailing in Thondi and Karangadu coast with
special reference to metal distribution in water and sediment

C. Stella and P. Senthil Kumar
Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Algappa University, Thondi Campus, Tamilnadu, India
drcstella@gmail.com, stella2004@rediffmail.com

The surface water of the Palk Strait is an important region in which to study the complex interactions of
biological processes with natural episodic injections of metals into the photic zone. In addition, because of the
deferential solubility of oxidized and reduced forms of metals, the subsurface, sub-oxic water of the region may
play a significant role in moderating the normal chemical separation of Fe from N and P during the
remineralisation of organic matter. The degree to which each of these processes interacts in this ocean region
will be of use in elucidating chemical and biological interactions in other, more iron impoverished, oceanic
regimes. The present study investigates the physico-chemical characteristics of water and distribution of heavy
metals such as Cu, pb, Zn, Fe in water and sediments in Thondi and Karanagadu. It is based on determination
and the distribution of various forms and the concentrations of metals, to asses their potential biological effects
and the extent to which this distribution is related to biological systems in this region.

PP-253: Cadmium bio-monitoring among some plant and vegetable species in Singrauli
region

Sunil K. Pandey
Department of Chemistry, A. P. S. University, Rewa, M.P., India
skprewa15@yahoo.co.in

Thermal power plants produce enormous quantity of fly ash as a by - product of combustion of coal or any
pulverized fuel at the temperature range of 1300-1600 C. Fly ash contains several heavy metals like Cr, Ni, Cd,
Pb, Cu, As, Al, Zn etc. and detectable levels of all were found. Heavy metals disrupt the metabolic process of
living organism due to dispersion and mobilization of fly ash on environment. Cadmium (Group IIB of the
periodic table of element) is a heavy metal posing severe risks to human health. It and its compounds are
extremely toxic even in low concentration, and will bioaccumulate in organisms and ecosystems. Up to this day,
it could not be shown that cadmium has any physiological function within the biological system. Interest has
therefore risen in its biohazardous potential.
170

Present study deals with the impact of cadmium in certain plant and vegetable species and indicates an alarming
situation in Singrauli region of India.

PP-254: Adaptogenic Activity of the Roots of Asparagus Racemosus Willd in Mice

Joshi Tanuj
1*
, Negi Deepak
2
and Khulbe Preeti
1

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University,
Nainital, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India
tanujjoshi34@yahoo.co.in, tanujjoshi36@gmail.com

Ethanolic extract of the roots of Asparagus racemosus was evaluated for adaptogenic activity in albino mice
using different models of stress like chemical writhing test and swimming endurance test. It was found that the
extract improved the stress tolerance in chemical writhing test by significantly reducing the total number of
writhings at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. In the swimming endurance test the extract
significantly reduced the immobilization time at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. The mice
were divided into the following five groups each containing six animals: Group I (received only distilled water:
vehicle control), Group II, III and IV ( treated with different doses of Asparagus racemosus extract; 100 mg/kg,
200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively) and Group V (received diazepam as standard drug: positive control).
The present study demonstrated that Asparagus racemosus extract reduced the number of writhings significantly
as compared to vehicle control. Thus demonstrating antistress activity. Increased swimming endurance in mice,
pretreated with adaptogens has been reported and this model is used to evaluate the agents with adaptogenic
properties. The swimming endurance paradigm is based on the observation that animals forced to swim in water
eventually assumed a characteristic immobile posture, devoid of any activity. The appearance of immobility
therefore, reflects a state of tiredness, fatigue, reduced stamina or a lowered mood (hopelessness). These signs
represent the core symptoms observed in depressed patients and in individual under intense stress. It is well
known that drugs with adaptogenic properties reduce the duration of immobility in animals in physical stress
models like swimming endurance test. The no of writhings (meanSEM) observed for various groups in
chemical writhing test were as follows: Group I (426.696), Group II (17.66.592), Group III (10.63.501),
Group IV (83.764), Group V (5.4002.159). In the swimming endurance test the immobility time
(meanSEM) observed was as follows: Group I (27.0280.81), Group II (23.491.03), Group III
(22.3280.656), Group IV (21.3700.388), Group V (17.4001.568). The results suggest that the extract
demonstrated adaptogenic potential in chemical stress model. In our study Asparagus racemosus also reduced
the immobility time in swimming endurance test and thus proved its adaptogenic potential. Diazepam, used as a
positive control significantly reduced the chemical writhing and immobility time in both chemical induced
stress and swimming endurance test.

PP-255: Vibrational spectra of Biomolecule: 5-Nitrouracil

Lakshman Singh
1
, Upma Singh
2
, M. K. Arora
3
, Y. C. Sharma
4
, M. A. Palafox
5
and V. K. Rastogi
6
1
Department of Chemistry, L R College, Sahibabad, U.P, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
3
GGDSD College, Palwal, Haryana, India
4
Department of Physics, NAS College, Meerut, U.P, India
5
Departamento de Quimica-Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Chimicas Complutense, Madrid-28040, Spain
6
Department of Physics, CCS University Campus, Meerut, U.P., India
asian_c_l@rediffmail.com

The importane of uracil and its derivatives has been indicated by a considerable number of publications
appeared in literature from the structure and spectroscopy point of view [1]. It is also one of the few substituted
pyrimidines, reported to be active as chemotherapeutic and mutagenic agents [2], and as radiosensitizers [3].
Replacement of the 5-position hydrogen of uracil with groups that are more electronegative than hydrogen
generally enhance the binding of the molecule. Although the vibrational spectra of 5-substituted uracil
derivatives have been extensively reported, however, the vibrational analysis of 5-NU has been little studied and
using the less accurate MINDO/3 method. Therefore the aim of the present investigation was to study the
vibrational spectra of 5-NU completely and rigorously using the DFT method B3LYP/6-31G** implemented in
the GAUSSIAN 03 programm package.
The IR spectrum of 5-NU in the region 400-4000 cm
-1
was recorded with Perkin Elmer FT-IR model 1760 X,
using KBr technique with 1 mg sample per 300 mg KBr. The FT-Raman was recorded in powder form in the
171

region 50-4000 cm
-1
on a Bruker IFS 66 optical Bench with an FRA 106 Raman module. The NIR output (1064
nm) of an Nd:YAG laser was used to excite the probe.
The results are discussed in context of assigning the normal modes of 5-NU. The scaled wavenumbers are in
general close to experimental ones which allow an unambiguous assignment of vibrational modes. The bands
appearing ~ 1685 and 1710 cm
-1
have been assigned to v(C4=O) and v(C2=O) modes, respectively. The band
appearing at 1120 cm
-1
is identified as v(C5-NO
2
). The most important findings of this study are:
(1). The N-H stretching modes are essentially pure group modes. Compared to uracil, the nitro group leads to a
red shift of 19 cm
-1

in the position of v(N1-H), and 8 cm
-1
for v(N3-H). The slightly larger shift in position of
N1-H than in N3-H is in accordance to the higher shortening in N1-H than in N3-H bond. (2). The in-plane
bending vibration (N1-H) appear at higher wavenumbers than (N3-H), whereas in out-of-plane,(N-H) modes
the order is reverse. (3) v(C=C) mode is very sensitive to the substitution.

PP-256: Comparative performance evaluation of sewage treatment plants in Gurgaon

Vaishali Sahu and Geetha Varma.V
Department of Civil engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
vaishalisahu@itmindia.edu, geethavarma@itmindia.edu

Gurgaon city hosts two Sewage Treatment Plants located in Dhanwanpur village. These plants are designed and
constructed with an aim to manage wastewater so as to minimize and/or remove organic matter, solids, disease-
causing organisms and other pollutants, before disposal. This article evaluates and compares the actual
behaviourof full-scale UpflowAnaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Activated Sludge Process (ASP)
wastewater treatment plants in operation in Gurgaon, providing information on the performance of the processes
in terms of the quality of the generated effluent and the removal efficiency achieved. The observed results of
effluent concentrations and removal efficiencies of the constituents TSS, VSS, BOD and COD have been
compared with the typical expected performances as per the standards given by Central Pollution Control Board.
The results showed that the best performance was achieved by ASP closely followed by UASB reactor. It was
revealed from the performance study that efficiency of the two treatment plants was adequate with respect to
removal of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, BOD and COD. In UASB plant, TSS, VSS, BOD,
and COD removal efficiency was 85.9%, 83.5%, 88%, and 87.6%respectively, while in ASP plant, TSS, VSS,
BOD, and COD removal efficiency was 89%, 92.8%, 89.7% and 83% respectively. The order of reduction
efficiency was BOD< COD < TSS <VSS in UASB plant andVSS<BOD <TSS<COD in ASP plant.
Additionally, the problems associated with the operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants is
discussed.

PP-257: Effect of urea on the pretreatment of Cellulose

Vanshi Uniyal
1*
, P. K. Gupta
2
and Sanjay Naithani
3

1
Advance Centre for Chemistry of Forest Products, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Cellulose and Paper Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
vanshi1985@gmail.com

The utilization of cellulosic biomass continues to be a subject of worldwide interest in view of fast depletion of
our oil reserves and food shortages. Forest and wood industries supply renewable biomass to provide energy,
chemicals and materials. Renewable woody biomass is a potential feed stock, which can be transformed into
biofuels and biochemicals in addition to heat and energy.
Factors like lignin content, crystallinity of cellulose and particle size limit the digestibility of the hemicelluloses
and cellulose present in the lingo cellulosic biomass. For a long period of time, research is being carried out to
enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass for effective conversion into various other utility chemicals.
Pretreatment is an important tool for practical cellulose conversion process, which is required to alter the
structure of cellulose and to make it more accessible to the enzymes, which convert carbohydrate polymers into
fermentable sugars. It is not only costly but has a pervasive impact on the cost of virtually all other biological
processing operations.
In this study, it was investigated that how the crystalline structure of cellulose in cotton linters changed during
its treatment with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide with and without urea as an additive. The
change so obtained in the crystal structure of alkali treated cotton linter was characterized by Wide Angle X-ray
Diffraction (WAXD) with respect to the crystalline form of the source samples.

172

PP-258: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of root of Delonix regia
Vedvir Singh Parihar
*
, S. M. Patil and Surendra Gusain
Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology, Poundha,
Dehradun, Uttarakand, India
vedraj2008@yahoo.com

The chloroform and methanol extracts of root of Delonix regia (Family: Caesalpiniaceae) were studied for the
anti-inflammatory activity. Ethanopharmacological literature survey revealed the use of plant in treatment of
malaria, bacterial infection. Microscopical evaluation revealed the presence of epidermis, collenchymas,
phloem, medullary rays, xylem, metaxylem and in powder microscopy trichomes, starch grains, fiber, calcium
oxalate crystals and xylem vessels were observed mainly. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of
sterols, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Both the extracts chloroform and methanol (at the
dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat
paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma models on albino Wister rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was
studied using at a two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) of chloroform and methanol extracts.
Indomethacin was used as the standard drug. The chloroform and methanol extracts showed more significant
result (p < 0.01). The chloroform and methanol extracts of Delonix regia root were showed most significant
anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg in both models when compared with control group.

PP-259: Efficacy of fluorescent Pseudomonds against Meloidogyne incognita on
Capsicum annuum under pot trial condition

Verinder Wahla
Department of Microbiology, Kanya Gurukul 2
nd
Campus Gurukul Kangri University,
verinderwahla19@gmail.com

An experiment conducted under pot trial conditions (in vivo) on the management of root-knot nematode,
Meloidogyne incognita on chilli (Capsicum annuum) with rhizospheric fluorescent pseudomonads. Rhizosphere
bacteria surrounded at or near the roots of plants have often been reported to stimulate plant growth. Study
revealed that the plants treated with fluorescent pseudomonads recorded maximum shoot length, root length;
fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and reduction of the nematode population over control was attained after
120 days of treatment. Under in vitro condition fluorescent pseudomonads exhibited strong nematicidal
properties against M. incognita.

PP-260: Reviving traditional slow sand filtration Technology for clean, safe and
sustainable drinking water supply in rural Himalaya

R. B. P. Singh
1*
, Pallavi P. Chowhan
2
, Vikas Vatsa
3
, Vijay Kumar
4
and Rakesh Bahuguna
5
1
Department of Environmental Sciences, UCST, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
3
Forest Informatics Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun , Uttarakhand, India
4
5
HIMCON, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
rambhushan401@gmail.com, sharma.vijay466@gmail.com, vatsavikas@gmail.com,
rakeshbahuguna123@rediffmail.com

Water has always been an important and life sustaining drinks to humans and is essential to the survival of all
organisms. Drinking water or potable water should have sufficiently high quality so that it can be consumed
without risk of immediate or long term harmful effect on human health. Over large parts of the country, people
have inadequate access to safe drinking water and most of the supply source either gets contaminated with
disease vectors, pathogens and chemical contaminants. Drinking such contaminated water can leads to
widespread acute and chronic illness and death of the people. Each year, over 5 million people die due to use of
contaminated water and about 6000 children die every day from diseases associated with unsafe water,
sanitation and hygiene.
Natural springs form the backbone of drinking water supply in Garhwal Himalaya. According to conservative
estimates springs and small streams meet 80% of the total drinking and other allied domestic need of the rural
people. The poor sanitation around the water sources open defecation practices, manure spreading in the pasture
173

and agriculture terraces has been observed to be the significant sources of bacteriological and other pathogenic
contamination.
Slow-sand filtration technology has been widely used in U.S.A and European countries since the early 1800s. It
is especially appropriate for rural communities to provide clean and safe drinking water without any additional
cost of maintenance. Slowsand-filtration is an efficient method for the removal of turbidly, organic matter,
particulate matter and pathogenic organisms. The biofilm developed in the sand bed of the filter act like
membrane filter and remove all types of harmful pathogens from the contaminated water. Fecal coliform,
viruses, spores and cyst of protozoan, helminthes are completely removed from the raw water.
HIMCON an NGO with association of NEERI, Nagpur has developed 2 community Water filtration (Mand
Baloo Chhanna/Slow-sand filter) at Chamba, Tehri Garhwal in 2005. Observing the success of filtration
efficiencies of installed filter and its proper maintenance by the local communities itself HIMCON has
constructed more than 10 such filter in 10 villages of Tehri Garhwal during 2008-10 with the financial support
of Arghyam, Bangalore and Himalaya Sewa Sangh, New Delhi.
Regular monitoring study of efficiency of these slow-sand-filter results clearly indicates the suitability of this
filter in the Himalayan rural areas to provide clean and safe drinking water at very normal cost. The technology
of filter construction is very simple and can be made easily with locally available materials maintenance cost of
filter is negligible. Water quality monitoring study indicated that it can reduce turbidly < 1 NTU, 90-100%
reduction in colour, odour, pathogens including bacteria, viruses and other.

PP-261: Batch removal of hazardous Azo dye Amido Black 10B from wastewater by
using waste material Hen Feathers at 30
0
C

Alok Mittal and Vijay Thakur
Department of Chemistry, NIT Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
aljymittal@gmail.com

The adsorption of an azo dye amido black 10B was investigated onto the adsorbent hen feathers employing
batch technique at 30
0
C temperature. Various essential factors like, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, pH
and contact time affecting the extent of adsorption were analyzed. The experimental conditions were optimized
with the help of various adsorption isothermal models like Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and Dubinin
Radushkevich isotherm. The experimental data have been applied to the isotherms and their constant
parameters were determined. The mean adsorption energy obtained through the D-R isotherm gave an
understanding about the nature of the adsorption occurring in the removal process. Determination of various
thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, entropy etc. has been accomplished with the help of isothermal
data. It has been established that spontaneous adsorption process is operative in the present case. The
investigation supports that the adsorbent Hen feathers is effective and efficient in removing the toxic dye from
wastewaters.

PP-262: Isolation and Screening of anti-inflammatory compound from roots of Berberis
aristata

Vinay Gupta
1*
, Archana Prakash
2
and Abhishek Mathur
3
1
2
Department of Biochemistry, HIHT University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
3
Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions (DBGI), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
vinaysonugupta@gmail.com

In the present investigation, different solvent extracts of roots of Berberis aristata were screened for their anti-
inflammatory potential against carageenan induced animal model. The extracts were prepared in solvents used
on the basis of increasing polarity viz. hexane, chloroform, alcohol and water. It was found that the polar
extracts showed potent inhibition of paw edema in comparison to non polar extracts in dose dependent manner.
The non polar extracts showed almost similar anti-inflammatory activity but much minimum in comparison to
that of polar extracts. The results revealed that alcohol extracts causes 80 % inhibition of paw edema in
comparison to that aqueous extracts showing 72 % inhibition of paw edema at doses 50 mg/kg. Further a new,
simple, sensitive, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analysis
of berberine compound in potent extract, and ayurvedic dosage forms was developed and validated. The
stationary phase was inert silica gel in C
18
column. The mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (HPLC Grade)
and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) in a gradient flow was used. The column was equilibrated
with the mobile phase (flow rate 1.0 ml/min); elution was monitored at 346 nm. The compound was further
174

screened for anti-inflammatory activity in carageenan induced albino mice against standard drug, Diclofenac
sodium. The results confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory activity of Berberine. It was found that the
compound showed potent reduction (80 %) in paw edema in comparison to standard drug (70 %).

PP-263: Control of doping by impurity chemical potentials in p-type ZnO

Trilok Kumar Pathak
1
, Prabha Singh
2
and L.P.Purohit
3
1
2
Vira college of Engineering, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India
3
tpathak01@gmail.com, prabhasingh07@gmail.com, lppurohit@gmail.com

N
2
O and predict that the use of dilute NO or NO
2
gas would resolve the long-standing problem of achieving
Theoretical work has so far focused on the role of host-element chemical potentials in determining defect
formation energies that control doping levels in semiconductors. Here, we report on our analysis of the role of
the dopant-impurity chemical potential, which depends on the source gas. We present first principles total-
energy calculations that demonstrate a wide variation in the possible effective chemical potential of N. We
account in detail for the recent puzzling observations of doping ZnO using N
2
and p-type ZnO.

PP-264: Response of NPK on vegetable growth of Pelargonium graveolens L. HERIT

Vineet Kandpal
*
, P.S.Bisht, Prasoon K. Joshi and Neeta Joshi
Department of Chemistry, M.B.G.P.G. College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
vineet.ntl@rediffmail.com

Pelargonium graveolens L. Herit (rose scented) is mainly grown for the production of essential oil which is
widely used in high grade perfumery and several cosmetic products.
In present investigation, plant height was found to be significantly increased with the increase in dose of NPK.
In the study, it was found that about 30% of nitrogen, 60% phosphorous and 70% of potassium was available to
the first crop and the rest amount of NPK was available to the next crop which directly influenced in the growth
of the plant. The maximum plant height 62.73 cm was recorded from the treatment (T
4
) NPK 60:60:60 and
minimum height 42.08 cm was recorded from the control treatment (T
1
) during the first harvest. During the
second harvest, the maximum plant height 100.30 cm was recorded in the treatment (T
8
) and minimum 71.20
cm in control treatment (T
1
). The detailed analysis will present during presentation.

PP-265: Study of physicochemical properties of tooth powders affecting their
performance

Vipin K. Sharma, Kapil Kumar, Divakar Joshi
*
and Nitin Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University,
divakarjoshi.pth@gmail.com, sharmadibru@gmail.com

Plenty of medicated/non-medicated products available in market are consumed through oral route for their
effects that suggests strongly the regular hygiene of the oral cavity. Number of dental products of allopathic and
ayurvedic origin are used as dentifrices. All the manufactures of the dental products especially dentifrices claim
the product superiority in terms of cleansing effect of oral cavity and antimicrobial effect against microbes
causing bad smell and diseases such as gingivitis, pyorrhea etc. These features of dentifrices are basically
related to physicochemical properties of the ingredients present in their composition and some how on the
directions of their use.
In the present study, different marketed allopathic and Ayurvedic tooth powders such Colgate, Anchor, Dabur
Lal Dant Manjan, Argro Dant Manjan were selected to analyze the impact of their ingredients on cleansing
properties of them. Number of tests were performed to correlate the cleansing efficiency with their
physicochemical properties such as pH, bulk volume, tapped volume, tapped density, bulk density, true density,
porosity, flowability, Carrs index, Hausners ratio, compressability, dispersibility, water soluble content,
alcohol soluble content, foaming index, particle arrangement behaviour, particle rearrangement constant. The
tooth powders were also analyzed for their antimicrobial effect against microbes generally present as microflora
of oral cavity. It was observed that both Ayurvedic tooth powders showed marked antimicrobial effect in
comparison to allopathic preparations. Some of the physicochemical properties of all powders were different
175

from each other. In all preparations, marked foaming index was analyzed that is generally considered
responsible for cleansing effect.

PP-266: Tripartite relationship among mucuna pruriens Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium
and soil under stress condition to improve the soil fertility

Vineet Kumar Vishnoi
1
and D. K. Maheshwari
2

1
2
Department of Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
vineet_gku@yahoo.co.in

Legumes play a greater role in rehabilitation and soil fertility management but they must bring additional
advantages to farmers, whether as fooder, fuel wood, and food. Legumes contribute significant amount of
nitrogen to the system thus reduce the requirement of fertilizers considerably. Mucuna pruriens (Kaunch), a
legume, besides having great medicinal value it imparts big role in soil management in a natural and sustainable
manner. Unlike other legumes Mucuna pruriens also rehabilitates and fertilized the soil in symbiotic association
with root nodulating Nitrogen fixing rhizobia. Mucuna plants are nodulated by high stress tolerant rhizobial
strains after bioprospecting. This property is more feasible and economic which contribute to soil fertility in
terms of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sodium and organic Carbon level even in stress environment. In India the
adoption of Mucuna pruriens as legume cover crop to rehabilitate the arid and semiarid areas is very poor. A
detail study on rhizobia -Mucuna soil interrelationship will be presented with special reference to stress factors.

PP-267: Correlation Analysis of Reactivity in the Oxidation of some Organic Sulfides by
Tetrakis (pyridine) Silver Dichromate: A Kinetic Study

A.K. Meena and Vinita Sharma
*
Department of Chemistry, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, India
drvsharma29@gmail.com

The oxidation of organic sulfides by tetrakis(pyridine)silver dichromate (TPSD) resulted in the formation of the
corresponding sulfoxides. The reaction is first order with respect to TPSD. A Michaelis-Menten type kinetics
was observed with respect to the reactants. The reaction is catalysed by toluene-p-sulfonic acid (TsOH). The
oxidation was studied in nineteen different organic solvents. An analysis of the solvent effect by Swain's
equation showed that the both cation- and anion-solvating powers of the solvents play important roles. The
correlation analyses of the rate of oxidation of thirty four sulfides were performed in terms of various single and
multiparametric equations. For the aryl methyl sulfides, the best correlation is obtained with Charton's LDR and
LDRS equations. The oxidation of alkyl phenyl sulfides exhibited a very good correlation in terms of Pavelich-
Taft equation. The polar reaction constants are negative indicating an electron-deficient sulfur centre in the
rate-determining step. A mechanism involving formation of a sulphenium cation intermediate in the slow step
has been proposed.

PP-268: In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous root bark extracts
of oroxylum indicum (l.) Benth

Vinod Nautiyal
*
and Rajendra Yadav
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences Gurukul Kangri University
vinodnautiyaal@gmail.com

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth is a deciduous plant being used among different localities for treatments of
various ailments. Its different parts are used in different diseases viz.bark in liver disorder, diabetes, diarrhea,
seeds in hyperlipidemia, general debility etc. Root bark is used in helminthiasis, inflammation, cardiac disorder
etc. Easy availability of the plant among farmers and poor peoples make its tremendous significance to the
mankind. Present study emphasizes its anti-inflammatory efficacy. The human red blood cells (HRBC)
membrane stabilization has been used as a method to study the anti-inflammatory activity. Both the extracts
were tested for its HRBC protection, and efficacy were compared with Betamethasone taking as a standard drug.
Both the extracts showed potent HRBC protection. By performing the above activity it was concluded that
aqueous extract was having more anti-inflammatory effect than ethanolic extract, thus the extracts were found to
contain potent anti-inflammatory activity.
176

PP-269: Characterization of release kinetics of Gliclazide from modified release and
conventional tablets

Vipin K. Sharma, Kapil Kumar
*
, Diwakar Joshi and Nitin Sharma
kkapilk26@gmail.com

The formulations containing therapeutic moiety(s) are composed of number of polymers that directly/indirectly
affect the performance of them. The polymeric networks of modified release preparations have more impact on
the drug release profile than in conventional drug delivery devices. All pharmaceutical industries are on the
track for searching noble and wonder polymers for fabrication of drug delivery systems with desired therapeutic
advantages of used drug(s) in their fabrication with minimal toxic effects. The polymers of natural origin have
the ability to fulfill the desired criteria to an extent.The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of
manufacturing process, exicipients incorporated during manufacturing etc. on various properties of modified
and conventional formulations. Different marketed brands of modified release tablets of gliclazide were selected
for the study and compared with conventional tablets. Various tests such as hardness, weight variation,
friability, content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution in distilled water, 0.1N HCl and phosphate buffer
(pH7.4) were performed for the preparations. The release behavior of gliclazide was analyzed by treating the
obtained data with different kinetics models viz. Higuchi, Hixon-Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas, first order and
zero order. The release behavior of gliclazide in all formulations was statistically different (p>0.05) in distilled
water, 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer (pH7.4). It was observed that t
50%
for conventional tablets in all
dissolution media was different statistically (p>0.05) from modified released tablets. During drug release, the
delivery devices followed diffusion followed by relaxation behavior that emphasized the effect of exicipients on
gliclazide release.

PP-270: Dual benefits from kitchen food waste: Production of biogas and bio-manure at
a lab scale study

Virendra Kumar
*
, Vinayak V. Pathak, Mohd Baqir and Richa Kothari
School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
virendraenv@hotmail.com

The utilization of food waste for biogas production can provide a clean, easily controlled source of renewable
energy at a small labour input. It provides dual benefits that energy fuel as well as the digested waste or spent
slurry which is a more accessible and more valuable fertilizer than the original waste. A two phase lab scale
study using food waste as a substrate for 60 day retention time for biogas production was done. Selected
substrate is divided into two parts according to the food habits from sample sites i. e. food waste includes onion
peels and food waste exclude onion peels. Its physico-chemical characteristics for the production of biogas and
various parameters of digested slurry after 60 days retention time, used as bio-manure were done. The study
shows more potential for biogas production with food waste excluding onion peel with cattle dung as inoculums
in comparative to food waste including onion peel with cattle dung. Simultaneously, analysis of digested slurry
after 60 days retention time shows a high nutritive value for nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate and potash for all
the selected substrates. Among all the digestates, high nitrogen, phosphate and potash was found in the
substrate excluded onion peel with cow dung. So, results show the nitrogen and potassium and phosphate may
be makes it good for used in agriculture field. Hence, the experimental results found at lab scale study fully
support for dual benefits from a environmental waste material for production of bioenergy and biomanure, value
added products for society.

PP-271: Morphological study of cadmium with few aquatic plants.

Vishal Pathak
1
and K K Bhardwaj
2

1
Department of Chemistry, Paliwal (P.G.) College, Shikohabad, U.P., India
2
Department of Chemistry, Govt PG College, Fatehabad, U.P., India
kinjalkb@gmail.com
The acute toxicity of cadmium is well known for about a century but chronic toxic effects have been recognized
recently. In the present study, the morphological observations of different concentrations of cadmium have
been described with three aquatic plant i,e Marsilea minuta, Hydrilla verticillat, Nymphea stellata.
177

PP-272: Saving of DI water in silicon IC Process by adopting of Green Technology

Vijendra Kumar Maurya
1
, Latif Khan
2
, Vivek Saxena
3
and Meena Kushwaha
4

1
GITS, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
2
Mewar University, Rajasthan, India
3
BTKIT, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India
4
GITS, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
maurya.vijendra@gmail.com, latifnizami@gmail.com, vivekeng2006@gmail.com, manni.rathore@gmail.com

In this paper our main concern is to save DI water used at various stage of IC manufacturing process by
eliminating of ROHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) substance from the process materials. A large Fab
may use 2-3 million gallons of DI water per day. A reduction in DI water usage in microelectronics fabrication
is necessary to address the environmental as well as cost issues. A package is considered Green when four
material like Lead (Pb), Bromium(Br),Cadmium(Cd)and Antimony (Sb) are not intensively added any IC
Manufacturing process. The environmental concern are having a tremendous impact on electronics component
and manufacturing process. The removal or reduction of subsidies for environmental damaging activity or
product has been strongly advocated. The ROHS directive aim to restrict certain dangerous substance
commonly used in electronics equipments. By removing of ROHS from fabrication material we adopt green
technology concept and we save resources of green technology like energy ,HSD,water ,chemical and gases
etc.that play an important role in the global warming .Any ROHS compliant component is tested for presence of
lead(PB),Cadmium,Mercury(Hg),Hexavelent,chromium,Polybrominatedbiphenyles(PBP) Polybrominated
Diphenyle Ethane(PBDE).

PP-273: Synthesis of some Novel -Diketones from Chalcones

Y.C.Joshi, Neelu Sharma and Shobhita Singh
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
neelu.upman@gmail.com, maheepchem.iitr@gmail.com

Chalcones (1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one) are open chain flavonoids, in which two aromatic rings are linked
by a three carbon , -unsaturated carbonyl system. Diketones are synthesized by stirring chalcones with
bromine solution (Br
2
:CH
3
COOH-1:4) for 30 mins., maintaining the temperature of reaction at 0-5
o
C. Then the
solution is refluxed for 3-4 hrs. at 60
o
C in presence of sodium methoxide. The progress of reaction is monitored
through TLC. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture is extracted with dichloromethane. The organic
layer is separated and dried, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, which is
purified by column chromatography to produce the pure compound. Recrystallize the compound in CHCL
3
:
Acetone. Structure of newly synthesized compounds has been elucidated by elemental analysis, IR,
1
H-NMR
and
13
C NMR studies.

OCH
3
CH
2
COBr
(A)
R
1
R
2
O
R
1
R
2
O
O
Br
2
(B)
(C)
(D)
(B)
R
1
R
2
O O
OCH
3
H
2
C C
O
R
1
R
2
O
O
+
R
1
= CH
3
, C
6
H
5
, p-NO
2
Ph, p-NH
2
-Ph
R
2
= CH
3
,C
6
H
5
,Different substituted methoxy aldehyde at position 3or4 or3,4 or3,4,5
alc.KOH, hydrolysis

178

PP-274: Use of coal Fly ash for removal of Phenol from wastewater

Y. P. Chauhan
1*
, and Mohd. Talib
2

1
Department of Plastic & Polymer Engineering, Government Polytechnic,
Miraj, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
2
University Department of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University,
Jalgaon,Maharashtra, India
yp_chauhan@yahoo.co.in

Coal fly ash (CFA) is the waste product of combustion of coal in a coal-fired power station. The global annual
production of CFA is about 800 million tons and this amount is predicted to increase in the future. However, the
global recycling rate of CFA is only 15% posing important challenges in waste management. In India, more
than 120 million tons of fly ash is being generated annually with more than 65,000 acres of land being occupied
by ash ponds.
Several approaches have been made for proper utilization of fly ash; either to reduce the cost of disposal or to
minimize the environmental impact. The potential of coal fly ash for phenol adsorption from aqueous solution
was studied. The study was realized using batch experiments, with synthetic wastewater having different phenol
concentration. The effect of system variables such as contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dosage and
pH has been investigated. The suitability of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models to the equilibrium data
was investigated for phenol-adsorbent system. The results showed that the equilibrium data for phenol sorbent
system fitted the Langmuir model best.

PP-275: Renewable resources based Eco-friendly Paints

Yogendra Sharma, Shealy Bana and Sarika Rani
chaudharyrajni2@gmail.com

The Eco-Paints are Non-toxic paints with zero VOC (Volatile Organic Content) and have no odour and can be
tinted to any colour your heart or home desires with non-toxic tints. The use of Eco Paints ensures a healthier
body and greener environment to live. In the Eco-Paints, the paints, stains, thinners and waxes are made from
naturally-derived raw materials including citrus peel extracts, essential oils, seed oils, tree resins, inert mineral
fillers, tree and bee waxes, lead-free dryers and natural pigments. Earth friendly paints is going to become more
widely used as we start to see the damaging effects that everyday paints have on our health and in our
environment. In this poster we are expressing formulation of natural paints from renewable resources such as
water, linseed oil, beeswax, carnauba wax, and natural resins, tree resins, vegetable oils, chalk and mineral
pigments, milk protein (casein), clay, lime and mineral pigments.

PP-276: Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Allium Stracheyi

Yuvraj Arya, Abhimanyu and Ravi Pratap
yuvrajnotes@gmail.com
B Syuvrajnotes@gmail.com.comyy
The study investigates the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of various (aqueous, butanol and
ethyl acetate) extracts of the whole plant of Allium Stracheyi. The antioxidant assays performed include DPPH
and FRAP.
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, proteins, and steroids in whole plant. Butanol
extract also showed moderate presence of the phytochemicals in the preliminary screening. The aqueous and
butanol extracts showed significant antioxidant activity with DPPH and FRAP assays when compared to the
ethyl acetate extract. IC50 value of aqueous extract was found to be 2.23 mg/mL in the DPPH assay. At 2
mg/mL concentration, the aqueous extract showed ferric reducing power of 231.63 moles/mg in the FRAP
assay. The TLC analysis of the aqueous extract, which showed highest antioxidant activity among the other
extracts, was also performed.

179

PP-277: Optimization solution using dynamic programming

Gajendra Singh Rawat
1*
and Anup Shukla
2

1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University,
2
I.I.T Kanpur, U. P. , India
gajendra_09rawat@yahoo.co.in, anupsargam@gmail.com

In this paper, a Dynamic programming approach using Matlab7.4 for solving the economic load dispatch
problem is proposed. Software without losses in the system is developed to generate successive sets of possible
operating policies. A set of procedures and algorithms are developed for dynamic economic dispatch of
generation units. When coupled with a short-term load predictor, "look-ahead" capability is provided by the
dynamic economic that coordinates predicted load changes with the rate-of-response capability of generation
units. The proposed technique improves the quality of the solution. This Dynamic programming is compared
with an improved Hopfield NN approach (IHN) [1], a fuzzy logic controlled genetic algorithm (FLCGA) [2], an
advance engineered-conditioning genetic approach (AECGA) [3] and an advance Hopfield NN approach
(AHNN) [4].

PP-278: Effect of the Hydrostatic pressure on GaAs
1-x
P
x
Laser Diode injection current

Govind Kumar Gupta
1
, Anand Prakash
1
, R. P. Gairola
2
and S. C. Gupta
3

1
RIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Physics, HNB Garhwal University Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
3
I.I.T Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
er.anandprakash@yahoo.com

This work estimates the variation of the injection current with a hydrostatic pressure in GaAs
1-x
P
x
material. The
behavior of the electroluminescent diodes is found to be altered significantly. The (100) valley minima is low
enoughto carry an appreciable fraction of the injected current. It is found that this phenomenon takes place for
high pressures for gallium arsenide diodes. The results are verified theoretically.

PP-279: Sensor Networks: Attacks and counter measures

Namit Khanduja and Nishant Kumar
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, FET, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India
namit.khanduja@gmail.com, nishant_munjal2003@yahoo.com

Recent advances in electronics and wireless communication technologies have enabled the development of
large-scale sensor networks that consist of many low-power, low-cost, and small-sized sensor nodes. Sensor
networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale and real-time data processing in complex environments.
Security is very important for many sensor network applications, such as military target tracking and security
monitoring. Providing security to small sensor nodes is challenging, due to the limited capabilities of sensor
nodes in terms of computation, communication, and energy. In this paper, we present the current state-of-art of
research on sensor network security. In particular, we discuss several important security issues in sensor
networks: obstacles, security requirements and typical attacks.

PP-280: Thermal degradation studies of the glassy alloy in the Se-Te-Pb system

Pankaj Kumar Pal
1*
, Himanshu Gupta
1
, L. P. Purohit
1
,

Rajendra Kumar
1

and R.M. Mehra
2

1
Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India
2
School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
panchalco@gmail.com

In the present work the non-isothermal kinetic of degradation behaviour of Se70Te30-xPbx (x= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
was investigated by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). About 10-15mg of each sample in powdered
from was sealed in standard aluminium pan and scanned over a temperature range from room temperature to
about 1000 0C at uniform heating rates 5 0C /min, 10 0C /min, 20 0C /min and 50 0C /min .The measurements
were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at a purge rate 200 ml/min. Kinetic Parameter of degradation were
evaluated by using the Flynn Wall Ozawa iso-conversional method. Peak temperature of degradation (Tp) ,
180

onset temperature of degradation (Tonset) can be calculated from the TG curves by extrapolating from the
curves at the peak of degradation back to the initial weight of the samples The values of the activation energy of
degradation at 40% conversion varies now 26.098 to 29.621 KJ / Mol. The higher values of Ea (30.922 KJ/Mol)
for a particular composition was optimised for higher thermal stability.

PP-281: Analysis of Geo
x
/Geo/1 System in Discrete time system

Rudraman
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology,
Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar Uttarakhand, India
rudraman_singh10@rediffmail.com

In this paper we analyze a discrete-time Geo
x
/Geo/1 queue where the server works in working vacation .we also
analyze waiting time of a customer, delay model, queue length and several vacation model. For this we have
used quasi birth and death chain. Various measures of system effectiveness are obtained by making use of semi
-markov process.

PP-282: Electronic conduction under annealing in Chalcogen doped a-Si:H

Himanshu Gupta
1*
, Pankaj Kumar Pal
1
, L. P. Purohit
1
,

Rajendra Kumar
1
and R. M. Mehra
2

1
Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India
2
School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida,U.P, India
himanshugupta_phy@yahoo.co.in

In the present work, various conduction mechanics in amorphous semiconductor, photoconductivity phenomena
in a-Si:H have been described. The effect of annealing on dark and photoconductivity of S and Se-doped
amorphous hydrogenated silicon films (a-Si : H) have been investigated. The variation of the dark conductivity
as a function of temperature have been carried out on unannealed and annealed thin film samples at different
annealing temperatures (T
a
) from 100C to 500C. It was found that the values of both dark and photo
conductivity vary with doping concentration as well as annealing temperature. The activation energy was
calculated from dependence of dark conductivity measured after the samples were annealed at different
temperatures. The variation of photoconductivity with annealing temperature for the Se and S-doped a-Si:H
films was also investigated under optimised annealing temperature.

PP-283: New method for characterization and treatment of textile waste from industries
around Faridabad (Haryana), India

Jai Bhagwan
1
, Rajdeep Malik
2
and Anuj Kumar
2

1
Haryana pollution control board, Faridabad, Haryana, India
2
jbs_pcb@rediffmail.com, rajdeepmalik@gmail.com

In order to augment a truly viable method of treatment of dyeing and printing mill wastewater for safe disposal
and utilization, data regarding the raw materials, processes in textile industries, water consumption at different
stages, chemical composition of dye baths etc have been collected from different industries. The sample of
effluents was collected from twenty industries, which are situated around Faridabad, Haryana (India). The
results of qualitative/quantitative analysis of these treated/untreated effluents and the optimization studies on
different treatment processes were utilized for developing the newer/modified, simpler and cost effective
treatment methods. An attempt has also been made to propose new treatment schemes in this regards, Out of the
five schemes developed and investigated, sehemes-1 was found best. A comparison of these results in term of
various parameters like land area requirement, cost of treatments, percentage colour, BOD, COD and
suspended solids reduction suggest that the developed method/schemes are better is terms of treatment and
utilization of industrial waste effluents.

181

PP-284: Environmental Hazards of Internet usage: Searching and Surfing

Namit Khanduja
1
, Nishant Kumar
1
and Apoorv Kaushik
2
1
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri
University, Haridwar, India
2
Computer Centre, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India
namit.khanduja@gmail.com, nishantmunjal2003@gmail.com,apoorvapurv@yahoo.co.in

A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) we emit individually in any one-year period. CO
2
is
produced from many sources and is the primary gas responsible for global warming. The carbon footprint is
made up of two parts, the primary and the secondary. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions
of CO
2
from the burning of fossil fuels including domestic energy consumption and transportation. The
secondary footprint is a measure of indirect CO
2
emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use.
Do you really know? IT industry and internet has overwhelmed all other industries and is a major source of
carbon emission. Now when everybody is using internet for their daily needs. To get information we google our
query via many search engines and it is one of the big reason for carbon emission. Here I am taking the survey
on carbon footprints on searching and surfing on the internet. As per the records two search requests on the
internet website Google produce as much carbon dioxide as boiling a kettle.

PP-285: Association Mapping and Functional Genomic analysis for salinity tolerance in
Sugarcane

R. S. Sengar and Kalpana Sengar
Tissue culture laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture &
Technology, Meerut, U. P., India
rakesh.sengar77@gmail.com

Progress in traditional breeding of sugarcane is impeded by its narrow gene pool, complex genome, poor
fertility, sensitivity to various biotic and abiotic stresses and the long breeding/selection cycle. These
constraints, however, make sugarcane a good material for doing research at molecular level. In the past decade
considerable progress has been made in understanding and manipulating the sugarcane genome using various
biotechnological and cell biological approaches. Notable among them are the crop improvement through
somaclonal variation, creation of transgenic plants with improved agronomic or other important traits, advances
in genomics and molecular markers, and progress in understanding the molecular aspects of sucrose transport,
accumulation and selection for biotic and abiotic stresses. Salinity stress response in multigenic, as a number of
processes involved in the tolerance mechanism are affected, such as various compatible solutes/osmolytes,
polyamines, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanism, ion transport and
compartmentalization of injurious ions. Various genes/cDNAs encoding proteins involved in the above
mentioned processes have been identified and isolated. The role of genes/cDNAs encoding proteins involved in
regulating other genes/proteins, signal transduction process involving hormones like ABA and strategies to
improve salinity stress tolerance have also been discussed. This information have opened up possibilities for its
application to overcome various biotic and abiotic stresses, which are serious threat to sustained sugarcane
production to fulfill the sugar demand of ever increasing population.

PP-286: Pearson's type distribution fitted in different weather variables with reference
to potato crop growing seasons at Kanpur Zone

Sachin Pathak
1
, V. K. Tyagi
2
and S. B. Singh
3
1
2
M.M. (P.G.) College, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
3
G.B. Pant University of Ag. & Tech., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

The study was carried out to fit Pearsons distribution on weather variables during potato crop growing seasons
of past 25 years. The study was carried out at Farrukhabad district (27
0
N23`, 79
0
E35`) (Kanpur Zone) Uttar
Pradesh. Eight weather parameters namely average weekly maximum temperature, minimum temperature,
relative humidity at 07.00 hrs, relative humidity at 14.00 hrs, sun shine hrs, weekly total rain fall, number of
rainy days per week and pan evaporation were taken into account. Four central moments of these weather
variables were also calculated for fitting of Pearsons distribution.
182

Analysis of data revealed that Pearsons type-I distribution was fitted in all the weather variables except few
seasons, whereas, Pearsons normal type, type-III and type-VI distribution were fitted in different weather
variables.

PP-287: Volatile Organic Compounds in ambient air: A case study of Agra

Anu Chandra and Ashok Kumar
School of Chemical Science Department of Chemistry, St. Johns College, Agra, U.P., India
anuchandra1610@gmail.com

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major group of air pollutants which play critical role in atmospheric
chemistry. It contributes to toxic oxidants which are harmful to ecosystem human health and atmosphere. Data
on levels of VOCs in developing countries is lacking. The present work deal work deals with estimation of
target VOCs at different locations in two categories namely residential and industrial in Agra, the City of Taj.
The monitoring we carried out was during peak hours in morning and evening each month. The result show that
level of VOCs are high and stress the need for regular monitoring programme of VOCs in urban environment. A
back trajectory analysis showed that relatively higher levels of VOCs were related to long-range transport of
pollutants from polluted area. The vertical motions of air masses also had a large impact on the variations of the
level of VOCs.

PP-288: Frequency domain watermarking techniques

Gaurav Kumar
1
and Kulbir Singh
2
1
Department of Electronic and Communication on Engineering, quantum school of Technology, Roorkee,
Uttarakhand, India
2
Department of Electronic and Communication on Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India
gs16jan@gmail.com, ksingh@thapar.edu

For protecting creative content and intellectual property in a digital form has become increasingly difficult as
technologies, such as the Internet, broadband availability and mobile access, advance. It has grown to be
progressively easier to copy, modify and redistribute digital media, resulting in great declines in business
profits. Digital watermarking is a steganographic technique that has been proposed as a possible solution to this
problem. This paper examines a technique for digital watermarking which utilizes properties of the frequency
domain techniques (i.e. DCT and DWT).

PP-289: Development of modified HNN model for the minimization of generation cost
and emissions with load balance constraint for generating units

Kuldeep Singh and Gaurav Tyagi
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar Uttarakhand, India
kuldeepbraich@gmail.com

The economic load dispatch (ELD) is one of the most important optimization problems from the view point of
power system to derive optimal economy. Classically, it is to identify the optimal combination of generation
level of all generating units which minimizes the total fuel cost while satisfying the load. As the time
progresses, the environmental constraints are becoming foremost important in deciding the operation of thermal
units. Therefore, conventional load dispatch problem has to be solved to find the generation level that minimise
the cost or minimise the emission level or their combination subjected to load balance. Even the environmental
emission can be taken as the constraints in cost optimisation problem. Therefore, an efficient and diversified
model is needed to handle the above variations in the problem.
The solutions to the above problems is attempted using Modified Hopfield Neural Network (HNN), which
works on the principal of minimizing the energy function as conventional HNN and therefore sure to converge
but differs from conventional HNN. In the conventional HNN, equality constraint on load is combined into
objective cost after assigning suitable weightage factors. The computational procedures include selection of
weighting factors and thus the convergence depends on the weight selection. In the modified HNN, there is
flexibility of taking objective function and the constraints separately. The internal parameters of neural networks
are computed using valid subspace approach, which guarantee the convergence of solution at equilibrium points.
In this paper, the environmental economic dispatch is considered and the following has been attempted
1. Cost optimisation with load balance constraint
183

2. NOx emission optimisation with load balance constraint
3. SOx emission optimisation with load balance constraint
4. Cost optimisation with SOx and NOx emissions with load balance as constraint
The results have been calculated using Modified HNN and these will also be compared with classical and
classical HNN methods for cost optimisation.

PP-290: A polyesteramide resin from Jatropha curcas seed oil for anticorrosive coating

R. S. Sengar
1
, Reshu Chaudhary
1
and R. K. Soni
2
1
Tissue Culture Lab, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture &
Technology, Meerut ,U. P., India
2

In recent years application of renewable resources has become the matter of choice in the field of coating and
paints industries. India is an agriculture based country crowned with various plants and herbs. The seed oil of
some plants and herbs neither used for edible purpose nor significantly used for medicinal purposes. Jatropha
curcas is a stress - resistant perennial plant growing on marginal soils. This plant is widespread throughout arid
and semiarid tropical regions of the world and has been used as a traditional folk medicine in many countries.
Jatropha can be planted on any kind of soil. In the recent years, Jatropha has become famous primarily for the
production of biodiesel; besides this it has several medicinal applications, too. Most parts of this plant are used
for the treatment of various human and veterinary ailments. Jatropha curcas seed oil having suitable
unsaturation in the fatty acid chain and also has low viscosity provide an opportunity to utilize in making
polyesteramide resins contain sufficient amide linkage and known to improve water and chemical resistance
performances. The polyesteramide of jatropha curcas applied on mild steel strips of required sized to
investigate the protective efficiency. It has been found that the polyesteramide developed from the jatropha
curcas not only protect the metals from the environmental attack but also required low solvent for application
i.e. friendly to environment also.

PP-291: Recent Development of PTFE (Polytetraflouroethylene) Polymer Composites
for Corrosion Control

F. S. Gill, Sarita Chandra, Kiran Sharma and Awanish Sharma
drfatehs@gmail.com

Synthesis of PTFE coating for anticorrosive applications has been surveyed. As PTFE composites have various
properties such as dispersion hardening, self-lubricity, high temperature oxidation resistance, excellent wear and
corrosion resistance. They have importance in many fields; the newer composite materials are being synthesized
through different existing techniques. Because of large availability of nano particles, nowadays they are
generally used in composite coating for achieving good mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The
corrosion resistance property is enhanced by co-deposition of nano materials like CNT, MWCNTs, TiO2,
Fe2O3 and so forth, with metals (Al, Zn, and Cu). Fillers are added to PTFE to increase its wear resistance, as
Hydrophilic-filler-reinforced PTFE composites yield higher wear rate. In this article, we have reviewed some
PTFE composites filled with different nano particles and filler to improve the corrosion resistance property.

PP-292: Green Computing and Energy conservation through use of LEDs in various
ways

Prabhakar Kumar, Raghvendra Dixit, Kuldeep Singh Rathor and Vivek Kumar
Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
kuldeepsinghlive@gmail.com, mail.kumar.vivek@gmail.com

Our aim is to create awareness about our present technology in order to minimise the power consumption in
which we never give a proper thought. Through our poster which would contain combined information
including green computing and energy conservation through the use of LEDs at various places, where a lot
(considerable) of power could be saved. It could be use of array of LEDs at Traffic signal light replacing the
traditional Incandescent bulbs. It could be the customized usage of our webpage GOOGLE which when
customized to a different colour background could give light to million of villages. We would also show
184

demonstration by use of lemon batteries for lighting a Incandescent bulb and on other hand a LED which will
give a higher efficiency as compared to Incandescent bulb or CFL. LED use in LED monitors as compared to
normal CRT monitors could save million energy. In green computing we will include the description regarding
the Sleep mode of the Computer and different power saving schemes.

PP-293: Reduction in starch content experienced by selected wheat varieties under heat
stress condition

Vikas Kumar singh, Amit Kumar and R. S. Sengar
Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology,
Meerut, U. P., India

Heat stress due to global warming is one of the major constraints in the way of higher wheat productivity; since
the productivity is depend on the quality of wheat grain or the starch content within the wheat grain. As starch is
an important storage carbohydrate in wheat plant. Heat stress during grain development adversely affects the
starch content of grain in wheat which results in poor grain quality and yield. In this study six cultivated
genotypes belonging to hexaploid (BBAADD) wheat species were evaluated for heat stress tolerance in the field
of Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel University of agriculture and technology on three dates 18 November (control
condition), 15 December (medium stress condition), and 15 January (heat stress condition) during 2010-2011.
The crop sown in heat stress condition experienced maximum reduction in starch content in comparison to other
sowing condition i.e. controlled and medium stress condition, often which some heat tolerant genotype show
least reduction in starch content in comparison to susceptible ones.

PP-294: Comparison between Unibiometric Systems and Multibiometric Systems

Shekhar Karanwal and Shashank Sharma
Department of Computer Scienmce Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Shekhar.karanwal@gmail.com , shashankgkvfet@gmail.com

Biometrics is one of the biggest tendencies in human identification. Biometrics has long been known as a robust
approach for person authentication the biometric system corresponding to all users in the database take Face,
Fingerprint, Voice, Handwritten Signatures, and Retina etc. Systems that consolidate evidence from multiple
sources of biometric information in Orders to reliably determine the identity of an individual are known as
multibiometric systems. Multibiometric systems can alleviate many of the limitations of unibiometric systems
because the different biometric sources usually compensate for the inherent limitations of the other sources.
Multibiometric systems combine the information presented by multiple biometric sensors, algorithms, samples,
units, or traits. Besides enhancing matching performance, these systems are expected to improve population
coverage, deter spoofing and impart fault tolerance to biometric applications. This introductory paper
enumerates the various sources of biometric information that can be consolidated as well as the different levels
of fusion in a biometric system.

PP-295: Normalization of Scores and Product rule Fusion in Multibiometric systems

Shekhar Karanwal and Shashank Sharma
Department of Computer Scienmce Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Shekhar.karanwal@gmail.com, shashankgkvfet@gmail.com

Multibiometric systems combine the information presented by multiple biometric sensors, algorithms, samples,
units, or traits. Besides enhancing matching performance, these systems are expected to improve population
coverage, deter spoofing and impart fault tolerance to biometric applications. A multimodal biometric system
integrates information from multiple biometric sources to compensate for the limitations in performance of each
individual biometric system. In a multimodal biometric system, the effective fusion method is necessary for
combining information from various single modality systems. In a multimodal biometric system, various levels
of fusion are possible: fusion at the feature extraction level, matching score level or decision level. Integration at
the matching score level is generally preferred due to the ease in accessing and combining matching scores. This
185

paper focus on the performance of product rule-based score level fusion. Before fusion of product rule,
normalization is done by using min-max normalization.

PP-296: A Preliminary study on Sewage Quality Improvement through
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Sangeeta Madan
*
and Neelam Verma
Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
n.madan79@yahoo.com

Increased urbanization, industrialization and over population is leading to the degradation of the environment.
Water bodies are the main targets for disposing the pollutants directly or indirectly. Most conventional
remediation approaches do not provide acceptable solution to pollution problems. The use of special plants for
environmental clean-up is an emerging technology known as Phytoremediation. Water hyacinth is considered as
the most efficient aquatic plant used in removing vast range of pollutants such as organic matters, nutrients and
heavy metals. Water hyacinth has been used in aquatic systems for wastewater purification since many years
worldwide. In the present study, the performance of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was investigated in
reducing nutrient concentration of municipal wastewater collected from sewage pumping station situated at
Singh Dwar, Haridwar. Parameters selected for the study purpose were temperature, conductivity, turbidity,
TDS, DO, BOD, COD, TKN, pH, Hardness, Inorganic phosphorus, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Water
hyacinth was found efficient in the reduction of certain parameters i.e., 50% in the case of TDS, 55% in BOD,
45% in COD, 44% in hardness, 52% in phosphorus. Thus, it can be concluded that water hyacinth is capable of
removing the undesirable amount of nitrate and phosphorus in the municipal wastewater.

186

Author Index

Aarti 76,131,135
Abdullah M. A. 8
Abhimanyu

77,178
Afzaal

M. 8
Agarwal A.

55,61,66,84,
145
Agarwal P. 130
Agarwal S. 48,79,42
Aggarwal S. 165
Agrawal A. K. 116
Agrawal

R. 35
Agrwal A. 82
Aguilera I. 4
Ahluwalia A. K. 2
Ahmad A. 23
Ahmad R.

138
Ahmad Z. 57
Ahmed S. 45
Ajaz S. 65
Ali S. R. 152
Aman R.

145
Anand

S. 50
Andola H. C. 121
Angelov I. 43
Anjum A.

54
Ansari K. R. 43
Ansari M. 106
Anthwal A. C. 79
Anu 71
Anupma 58,88
Anwar F. 111
Arbad B. R. 63
Archana 40
Arora A. 86,90
Arora A. K. 89
Arora G. 58
Arora M. K.

170
Arora N.

161,150,108,
124
Arora P. 69
Arora R. 46
Arora V.

52
Arun U. 16
Arya S.

158,102
Arya Y. 178
Aswal M. S. 44
Aswani B. 90
Avasthi A. 43
Avasthi S. 47
Babu P.

130
Bachetti R. K. 143
Bahuguna A. 77,78,91
Bahuguna R. 172
Bahuguna S. 77,91,78
Bais R.

128
Bajala

V. 50
Balasubramania N. 49
Bali R. S. 77
Balkar S. S.

165
Bana S. 178
Bandu M. 28
Bandyopadhya

N. R. 60
Bandyopadhyay P. 19
Banga S. 99
Baniwal

S. 64,71
Bansal M.

150
Bansal R. 108
Bansal V. K. 152
Baqir M. D. 176
Barkha

163
Barnwal S. 158
Basavaraja 30
Bauddh K. 112
Belwal Mamta 116
Bernab M. 109
Beschkov V. 43
Bhagat S. L. 47
Bhagwan J. 180
Bhandari S. 153
Bhardwaj K. K. 176
Bhardwaj M. 61
Bhardwaj

S. 53
Bhardwaj

S. 75
Bharti U. 94
Bhartiand R. C. 141
Bhatia A. 82,156
Bhatnagar A. 83
Bhatt

A. K. 110
Bhatt D. 38
Bhatt R. 142
Bhatt S. 167
Bhatt V. 39
Bhattacharjee

S. 60
Bhavya 33
Bhoru Y. U. 168
Bilgaiyan P. 110
Bisht

A. 102
Bisht B. S. 89
Bisht G. 102
Bisht

M. S.

116
Bisht P. S. 174
Bisht T.

164
Biswas S. 74
Bogra P. 151
Bora M.

118
Brijesh

125
Chahar M. K. 115
Chand M. 128
Chandel C. P. S. 39
Chander J. 107
Chander S. K. 109
Chandra A. 182
Chandra

M. 117
Chandra P. 152
Chandra S. 58,88,89,183
Chatterjee S. 3
Chatterjee S. J. 140
Chaube U. C. 36
Chaudhary A. 54,134
Chaudhary A. N. 81
Chaudhary M. 119
Chaudhary P. 33,134,135
Chaudhary R. 81,140,183
Chaudhary R. S. 23
Chaudhary S. 145
Chaudhry S. A. 146
Chauhan A. 84
Chauhan D. 96
Chauhan R. P. 129
Chauhan Y. P. 178
Chhabra R. K. 151
Chongder D. 60
Chopra A. K. 40,41
Chowhan P. P. 172
Chuhan

R. 117
Conesa J. C. 4
Cshoudhury S. 161
Cui H. 7
Dabral S. K. 153
Dangwal D. 105, 123
Dangwal L. R. 30,80,166
Dangwal M. 120
Das D. 31
Dass G. 107
Datta M.

6,54,65,68,86,
154,126
Dawre

R. K. 87
Deepak N. 170
Deepak S. N. 96
Deepika 33
Deshpande

M. R. 97,100
Deshwal B. 109
Devi P. 76,131,135
Devi S.

53
Dhakad P. 126
Dhakite P. A. 133
Dharaskar S. A. 165
Dhayal

Y. 39
Dheeraj S. 66,100
Dikshit D. 31
Dimri P. 105,133
Din K. D. 19
Dixit

P. 183
Dixit

R. 37
Dobhal B. S.

127
Dobhal M. P. 22,115,148
Dua

P.

54
Dua V. K. 70
Dubey G. P. 104
Dubey N. 122
Dubey R. 58
187

Dubey

T. 48
Dutta S. 155
Dwivedi

J. 117
Dwivedi R. 142
Dwivedi V. K. 140
Farooqui M. 127
Farswan J. S. 124,150
Fresno F. 4
Fuloria

D. 96
Gaba S.

156
Gaidhane P. K. 148
Gaijon P. 126
Gairola R. P. 179
Gajbhiye A. 17
Garg A. N.

146
Garg

A. P. 92
Garg T.

53
Garud

N. 56
Gaur

A. 60
Gaurav

123
Gautam S. S. 73
Genwa K. R. 59,111
Ghodile S. B.

148
Gill F. S. 183
Goel A. 83,142,155,
168
Goel C.K.

99
Goel

K. K. 71,89,96,128
Goel

N. 71
Goel R.Y. 110
Gogte B. B.

133
Gokhale A. 85,86
Gopal R. 12
Goswami K. K. 140
Govindiah R. 3
Goyal D.

101
Goyal H. O. 140
Goyal S. 92
Gunwant H. 105
Gupta S. 118
Gupta A. 50
Gupta A. P. 58
Gupta C. 92
Gupta G. K. 179
Gupta G. S. 39
Gupta H. 179,180
Gupta J. K. 69
Gupta K. S. 2,39
Gupta L. N. 39
Gupta M.

119
Gupta N. 122
Gupta P. 113,115,125,
132
Gupta P. K. 96,123,171
Gupta S. 37,92
Gupta S. C.

52,179
Gupta V. 124,150,173
Gupta V. K.

55
Gururani

K. 111
Gusain S. 164,172
Halve A. K. 67,69,81
Hariom

160
Hasan N.

52
Haseeb S. 138
Hossini H. 106
Huma A. 137
Hundekar

P. P. 97,100
Ishaq F. 103
Ishar M. P. S. 5
Jadon N.

124
Jaideep 153
Jain C. L. 123
Jain D.

88
Jain P. 34,125
Jain P. K. 126
Jain R. 8,37,67,124
Jain R. K. 139
Jain S. 65,127,151,
152,162,163
Jangra N. A. 89
Jangra A. K. 89,128
Jeeva V. 90
Jeong

J. 51
Jha

M. K. 15
Jhankal K. K. 57
Jhare D. 80
Jodha K. 128
Joe H. 21
Johari

A. 42
Joram S. K. 57
Joseph J.

161
Joshi C. 31
Joshi D.

97,174,176
Joshi

G. C.

115
Joshi H. C. 105
Joshi N. 38,118,174,
134
Joshi P. K. 174
Joshi P.C 131
Joshi

S. 64,110
Joshi T. 73
Joshi U. D. 66,97,100
Joshi V. 49
Joshi Y. C. 148,177
Jumat

N. A. 8
Jyothy V. B. 21
Kamal R. 64
Kamboj N. 33
Kamboj R. C. 62
Kandpal B. 99
Kandpal V. 174
Kankoriya A. 67,81
Kant A.

86
Kapure G. P. 97
Karanwal S. 184
Kashyap R. 70,143
Kathal

R. 67,81
Katiyar S. R. 40
Kaur A.

108
Kaur J. 108
Kaur M. 68,84,117
Kaur N. 76,132
Kaushik A.

181
Kaushik P. 72
Kaushik R. D. 9,24
Khali D. P. 167
Khan I. 150
Khan L. 177
Khan

M. Z. 88
Khan P. A. 127
Khan P. M. A. 127
Khan R. A.

127
Khan R. U.

137
Khan S. A. 120
Khanduja N.

181
Khanna D. R. 103
Khanna P. P. 12
Kharkwal G. 103,104
Khatana D. 99
Khatana G. 99
Khatana H. 99
Khatkar S. P. 69,120,139,
144,156,168
Khavanin A. 106
Khemnani S. 90
Khulbe P. 73
Kimothi V. D. 111
Kishor B. 113
Kishore D.

55,61,66,76,
131,132,135,
136
Kishwar S. 112
Kosankar P. T. 148
Kostova I.

24
Kothari R. 176
Kothiyal V. 153
Kour

B. 99
Krishna G. 43,47
Krishna J. 108
Krishna M. V. 169
Kuldeep 113,115
Kulshreshtha A. 80
Kulshrestha S. 153
Kumaar M. S.

157
Kumar A.

Kumar A.
19,51,52,63,
71,78,79,80,
82,84,87,89,
100,110,125,
127,180,182,
184
Kumar B.

56
Kumar D. 51,62,100
Kumar G.

140,182
Kumar I. 86
Kumar J. 108
Kumar K. 87,109,110,
174,176
Kumar M. 120,168
Kumar N. 26,52,115,125
126,179,181
188

Kumar P. 62,73,89,123,
127,152,154,
158,165,183
Kumar P. S. 169
Kumar R. 54,67,93,104,
115,139,141,
142,179,180
Kumar S. 21,31,35,48,
51,57,64,65,
71,99,106,
108,124,150,
152,154
Kumar T.

117,129
Kumar V. 15,44,51,53,
67,85,94,96,
140,156,172,
176,183
Kumar Y. 60,135
Kumari A. 15
Kumari N. 121
Kumari

R. 79,139
Kumri K. 107
Kunwar G. 104
Kuppa S. S. 47
Kushwaha M. 177
Kushwaha S. 166
Lahot P.

159
Lakshmi V. 159
Lala A. 151
Langyan R. 144
Latwal M. 152
Lee J. C. 15
Lee Jae-chun 51
Liu W. 7
Lohani

N. 115
Lucena R. 4
Madan S. 71,185
Mahajan R. 129
Mahender B. 3
Maheshwari D. K. 175
Maken S. 60,159
Makrandi

J. K. 65,139
Malav B. B. 91
Mali P. Y.

56
Malik A. 119
Malik D. S. 94
Malik G. K.

53
Malik R. 139,180
Malik S. 74,160
Malik S. A. 51
Mamta 142
Mandal A. K.

140
Mandal U. K. 42
Manu 138
Mar B. 109
Matela G.

145
Mathela C. S.

7
Mathur A. 70,130,143,
173
Mathur P. 63
Mathur R. 145
Mathur S. 156
Maurya V. K. 177
Mazumdar B. 74
Md. Raees 128
Meena 102,118
Meena A. K. 175
Meena B. 160
Meena K. S. 126
Meena

P. L. 126
Mehra R. 13,91,143
Mehra R. M. 179,180
Mehrotra

A. 45
Mehta R. 140
Melkani A. B. 92,116
Melkani B. 114
Miguel

M. 109
Mishra A.

88
Mishra A. P. 20,139
Mishra L. 17
Mishra M. 31,93
Mishra P. R. 144
Mishra R. 84,136,145
Mishra R. A.

144
Mishra S. 82
Mishra

S. K. 36
Mishra

S. N. 64,137
Mishra S. R. 144
Mital J. P. 1
Mittal A. 80,173
Mittal M. 67
Mohan L. 92,114
Mollar M. 109
Mnica

M. 109
Munirathnam N. R. 3
Naaz Z. 117
Nadim M. M. 65
Nagdev

R.

35
Nagwanshi R. 127
Naidu Ch. A. 3
Nain K. 99
Nainwal A. 53
Naithani S. 171
Namasivayam C. 68
Nandanvankar H. V. 66
Naqvi

S. A. H. 93
Narain

S. 36
Narayan K. D. 108
Nath V. 35
Naushad M. 125
Nautiyal V. 175
Naveen

160
Navneet 60,73
Nayab P. S. 138
Nayak A.

55
Nazir M. S. 8
Negi A.

123,133
Negi D. 73,102,123,
133
Negi D. S. 95,111,121
Negi

J. S. 59
Negi R. K. 81
Nigmalankar S. 27
Nijagunappa 162
Nishat N.

120
Ojha C. S. P. 36
Ojha S. P. 9
Omer A. 30
Ortiz

L. 109
Pal A.

22,56
Pal P. K. 179,180
Palacios P. 4
Palafox M. A. 18, 21,170
Palani R. 49
Pali A. 79
Paliwal S. 84,145
Pande C. 25,92,103,111
Pandey A.

56,77,88,132
Pandey

A. K. 50,51
Pandey D. C. 82
Pandey

G. 58,88
Pandey I. P. 105
Pandey I. P. 106
Pandey K. K.

89
Pandey N. 111
Pandey P. 111
Pandey S. K. 169
Pant A. K. 25
Pant

C. C. 92,114
Pant C. K. 111
Pant

H.

59,105,167
Pant H. V. 64,71
Panwar P. 111
Panwar R. M. 45
Panwar S.

18,54
Pareek A. 76,132
Parihar J. S. 40
Parihar S. P. 39
Parihar V. S. 164,172
Park J. W. 60
Parmar K. 60
Parveen S. 119
Patel M. K. 44
Patel R. 83
Pathak A. 110
Pathak C. 41
Pathak H. 15,165
Pathak M. K. 31
Pathak

P. P. 43,47,85,98
Pathak P. V. 34
Pathak S.

181
Pathak T. K.

129,174
Pathak V. 176
Pathak V. V. 176
Patil M. B. 47
Patil S. 17
Patil S. M.

95,172
Pattnaik S. S.

1,53
Peshwe A. G. 63
Phate B. W. 133
189

Prabhat 60
Prabu P. V. 49
Prakash

D. 92
Prakash A. 113,155,173,
179
Prakash O. 64
Prakash P. 134
Prakash T. L. 3
Prasad B. 14,78,91
Prasad

G. B. K. S. 70
Prasad R. 31,93,137
Prashant P.

134
Pratap

B. 90
Pratap

R. 77,178
Preeti K. 133,170
Priyanka 33
Promila 45,121
Pundir A. S. 113
Punetha D. 97,101
Puri N. 60,84,84,123
Purohit K. K. 12
Purohit L. P. 67,129,174,
179,180
Pushpendra

137
Puttaih 30
Radhapyari K. 124
Ragavarajan V.

157
Rahim N. A. 49
Rahisuddin 112,138
Raina 33
Raina N. 38
Raja B.

162
Rajanna K. 15
Rajora Y.

99
Rajput J. P. S. 50
Ramaswamy K. 3
Rana A. 163,164
Rana

A. J. 102
Rana M.

102
Rana P. S.

112
Rana R. S. 140
Rani A. 87,158
Rani M. 76,117,132,
159
Rani N. 83
Rani S. 178
Rao D. P. 58
Rao M. S. 11
Rao S. 99
Rasmi

123
Rasool R. 120
Rastogi V. K. 18,21,31,93,
170
Rathi P. 117,129,139
Raturi A. 153
Ravi

R. 109
Ravina 140
Rawat

B. S.

56
Rawat G. S. 179
Rawat K. 167
Rawat M. S. M. 64
Reddy M. R. P. 3
Reddy T. S. 169
Rezaee A. 106
Roy I. 50
Roy R. K.

134
Ruby 117
Rudraman 180
S. Sahu

S. 50
Sachdeva D. 57
Sagar C. P. 59
Sah A. N. 121
Sah P. L. 96
Sahoo P. K. 129
Sahu

O. P. 48
Sahu V. 171
Saikia A. K. 42
Saini A.

113,125
Saini A. K. 31
Saini N. K. 12
Saini R. 46,113
Saira M. 160
Salgare S. A. 147
Saluja A. K. 2
Samantilleke A. P. 6
Sand N. K. 97
Sandhu S. S. 46
Sanjay 60,73
Sapkal R. S. 47
Sapkal V. S. 47
Sarita 150
Sastri D. 28
Sati V. 38
Satnami M. L.

127
Satsangi G. P. 142
Saxena S. K. 47
Saxena C. 71
Saxena S. 157
Saxena V. 177
Seema 154
Sekar N. 11
Seminovski Y. 4
Semwal A. 121
Semwal M. 131
Semwal

V. P. 101
Sengar K. 181
Sengar R. S.

82,181,183,
184
Sethi V. K. 38
Shah R. 87
Shahid M. 117
Shailja 155
Shakeel M. 45
Shakunj 155
Sharma A. 30,64,80,82,
106,113,145,
166,183
Sharma A. K. 14,41,48,129
Sharma C. 35,145
Sharma D. 63,64,85,86,
96
Sharma D. K. 21,57
Sharma G. R. 104
Sharma H.

106
Sharma K. 183
Sharma M.

55,61,66,109
Sharma

M. P. 88
Sharma

N. 45,72,121,
174,176,177
Sharma

P. 19,76,150,128
,128,132,142
Sharma P. K. 63
Sharma

P. P. 74
Sharma R. 35,162
Sharma

R. K. 37
Sharma S. 95,117,119,
145,151,152,
154,168,184
Sharma S. P. 42
Sharma T. P.

127
Sharma V. 48,52,53,175
Sharma V. K.

56,74,134,174
,176
Sharma Y. 178
Sharma Y. C.

170
Shashikant 110
Sheetal 69,156
Sherwani M. R. K.

119
Shin D. 51
Shukla A. 93,179
Shukla D. K. 78
Shukla

V. 51
Shyam R. 83
Siddegowda. S

162
Sikarwar S. 37
Sindal R. S. 90
Singh

N. 78
Singh A. 13,30,88,81,
109
Singh A. D. 80,166
Singh

A. K. 122,123
Singh B. 42,51,110,150
Singh C. 18,92,94,111
Singh C. P. 57
Singh D. 18,42,43,51,
94,98,98,99
Singh D. P. 141
Singh G. 18
Singh

H. 42
Singh

J. 79,86,107,123
,162
Singh K. 60,111,182
Singh K. C.

109,160
Singh

L.

170
Singh M.

10,99
Singh N.

32,121
Singh N. P. 107,123
Singh O. P. 125
Singh P. 19,24,33,71,
107,129,174
190

Singh P. P. 40
Singh R. 72,143,146
Singh R. B. P. 172
Singh R.P. 137
Singh S. 94,148,155,
177
Singh S. B.

181
Singh S. K.

161
Singh S. N. 42
Singh S. P. 152
Singh T. 30,80,166
Singh U. 113,170
Singh V.

55,61,66
Singh V. K. 13,82,184
Singh Y. D. 116
Singhal

K. 113,132
Singhal

P. 71,89,110,128
Singhal S.

156
Singla S. 149,150
Singla T. 149
Sinha

A. K. 63
Sinha P. 17
Sinha S. K. 51
Sivakumar V.

16
Sohoni P. 107
Soman S. 147
Songara K.

128
Soni P. 67
Soni R. K.

1,54,24,61,62,
64,69,118,
183,130,166
Sonika 120,168
Sonkawade

R. G. 93
Soucase B. M. 3
Sri R. 141
Sri S. 141
Sri S. R. 47
Srivastava A. 70
Srivastava J. N. 142
Srivastava M. 116
Srivastva N. 45
Stella C. 169
Sudha L. 114
Sudheer Ch. 3
Sukula

S. 31
Sumi A. 166
Sundriyal P. 84
Sunil 45,121
Suri R. K. 10,11
Swami R. K. 16
Talib Md. 178
Tamta S. 88
Tandon P. K. 18
Tanuj J. 170
Tanwar R. P. 18
Taxak V. B. 69,120,139,
156,168
Teotia M. 62,118
Tewari G. 94,97,104,155
Tewari K. 111
Tewari

L. M. 115
Thakur A. S.

143
Thakur S. 166
Thakur V. 173
Tiwari M. M. 60,62,75
Tiwari P. 133
Tomer K. K. 116
Tomer N. 123
Tripathi A. 157
Tripathi H. 43,47,98
Tripathi S. 105,166,167,
168
Trivedi A. 88
Trivedi V. 77
Tyagi A

85
Tyagi D. S. 93
Tyagi G. 182
Tyagi M. 32
Tyagi P.

53,135
Tyagi S. K. 50
Tyagi V. K. 181
Tyagi V. V. 49
Udayvir 115
Uniyal V. 171
Upadhyay N. 125
Upadhyaya K. 164
Uttam L. K. 115,125
Vakil S. 163,164
Vala A. K. 83
Varadaraju U. V. 16
Varma G. 171
Varshney S. 95
Vashishta P. 141
Vashney S. 102
Vatsa V.

172
Venko N. B.

5
Verma A. 54,151
Verma I. 107
Verma N. 185
Verma K. S. 42
Verma M. 119
Verma R. C. 2
Verma R. K. 140
Verma S. K. 130
Verma S. R. 146
Verma V. 80
Vidyarthi S. 164
Vijay J. 96
Vijay S. 87
Vinod G. 95,96,102
Vishnoi V. K. 175
Vyas K. 110
Wadhwa D. 64
Wahjoedi B. A. 8
Wahla V. 172
Wahnn P. 4,109
Yadav A. 140
Yadav A. K. 21,104,126
Yadav H. R. P 14
Yadav I. 51
Yadav R. 38,175
Yadav R. S. 79
Yadav S. K. 33,35,36
Yadav T. 126
Yadav V. 38
Yadava R. N. 26
Yajurvedi D. 95
Zaheer A. 127
Zaidi

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