Prof. univ. dr. Grigore Georgiu
Istoria culturii rom\u00e2ne moderne
Bucure\u015fti \u2013 2007
Prof. univ. dr. Grigore Georgiu
2
Cuprins
Not\u0103 introductiv\u0103.........................................................................................................................8
Con\u0163inutul\u015fi structura manualului........................................................................................................................ 8 Obiective didactice................................................................................................................................................ 9 Domenii, teme, personalit\u0103\u0163i\u015fi opere................................................................................................................... 9
I. Cultura ca expresie a identit\u0103\u0163ii na\u0163ionale. Principii\u015fi criterii de interpretare
a culturii rom\u00e2ne moderne...............................................................................12
1. Cultur\u0103\u015fi identitate na\u0163ional\u0103................................................................................................12
Cultura ca patrimoniu de valori\u015fi ca expresie a identit\u0103\u0163ii na\u0163ionale................................................................ 12 Reinterpretarea culturii na\u0163ionale\u015fi necesitatea spiritului critic........................................................................ 14 Tradi\u0163ie\u015fi inova\u0163ie \u00een evolu\u0163ia culturii................................................................................................................ 16 Identitatea cultural\u0103 \u00een contextul integr\u0103rii europene......................................................................................... 17 Cultura na\u0163ional\u0103\u015fi imaginea de\u0163ar\u0103.................................................................................................................. 19
3. Criterii privind interpretarea\u015fi evaluarea culturii na\u0163ionale.................................................21
Respectarea adev\u0103rului istoric\u015fi cunoa\u015fterea operelor...................................................................................... 21 Criterii ce privesc analiza\u015fi interpretarea operelor............................................................................................ 22 Criterii privind evaluarea\u015fi judec\u0103\u0163ile de valoare.............................................................................................. 23
II Epoci\u015fi structuri culturale premoderne \u00een spa\u0163iul rom\u00e2nesc. Mi\u015fcarea
umanist\u0103\u015fi formarea con\u015ftiin\u0163ei na\u0163ionale. De la Neagoe Basarab la
Dimitrie Cantemir..............................................................................................29
1. Epoci\u015fi structuri culturale premoderne \u00een spa\u0163iul rom\u00e2nesc................................................29
Procese culturale \u00een etnogeneza rom\u00e2nilor......................................................................................................... 29 Rom\u00e2nii\u015fi \u201esigiliul Romei\u201c................................................................................................................................ 33 Cultura popular\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103............................................................................................................................. 35
2. Cultura medieval\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103..............................................................................................36
Aspecte istorice................................................................................................................................................... 36 Contexte geopolitice\u015fi caracteristici ale culturii medievale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti............................................................. 37 Interpret\u0103ri privind evolu\u0163ia culturii mediavale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti................................................................................. 39
3. Opera lui Neagoe Basarab \u2013 o sintez\u0103 a culturii medievale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti.............................40
Caracterul lucr\u0103rii lui Neagoe Basarab............................................................................................................... 40 O nou\u0103 viziune asupra omului............................................................................................................................ 41 Concep\u0163ia politic\u0103\u015fi etic\u0103................................................................................................................................... 42 Semnifica\u0163ia operei lui Neagoe Basarab............................................................................................................. 44
4. Periodizarea procesului de tranzi\u0163ie spre modernitate..........................................................44
5. Mi\u015fcarea umanist\u0103 \u2013 cadrul de afirmare a con\u015ftiin\u0163ei na\u0163ionale...........................................46
Particularit\u0103\u0163i ale umanismului rom\u00e2nesc........................................................................................................... 47 Introducerea tiparului\u015fi evolu\u0163ia scrisului rom\u00e2nesc......................................................................................... 48 \u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt, c\u0103r\u0163i religioase\u015fi coduri de legi...................................................................................................... 50 Reprezentan\u0163i ai umanismului rom\u00e2nesc............................................................................................................ 51 Semnifica\u0163ia mi\u015fc\u0103rii umaniste \u00een cultura rom\u00e2n\u0103............................................................................................. 55 Lupta cu \u201ebasnele\u201c\u015fi consolidarea con\u015ftiin\u0163ei na\u0163ionale................................................................................... 56
6. Dimitrie Cantemir (1673-1723).............................................................................................57
Inorogul la \u201er\u0103scruce de vremuri\u201c...................................................................................................................... 57 Opera lui Cantemir \u2013 lucr\u0103ri, teme\u015fi idei........................................................................................................... 59 Concep\u0163ia filosofic\u0103 a lui Cantemir.................................................................................................................... 62 Deschideri spre ra\u0163ionalism\u015fi modernitate........................................................................................................ 63 Descrierea Moldovei \u2013 o sintez\u0103 istoric\u0103, etnologic\u0103\u015fi politic\u0103........................................................................ 64 Imaginea rom\u00e2nilor \u00een opera lui Cantemir......................................................................................................... 67 Intrepretarea lui Noica privind conflictul dintre \u201eetern\u015fi istoric\u201c la Cantemir................................................. 68
Istoria culturii rom\u00e2ne moderne
3
III Tranzi\u0163ia spre modernitate. Epoca Luminilor\u015fi\u015ecoala Ardelean\u0103.
Programe de modernizare \u00een prima jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea.
Mi\u015fcarea pa\u015foptist\u0103...........................................................................................71
1. Cadrul istoric al tranzi\u0163iei spre modernitate......................................................................... 71
Epoca Luminilor \u00een cultura rom\u00e2n\u0103.................................................................................................................... 71
\u015ecoala Ardelean\u0103. Contextul istoric \u015fi programul na\u0163ional................................................................................ 73
Programul lui Ion Inocen\u0163iu Micu-Klein............................................................................................................76
De la \u201eplebs valahica\u201c la \u201enatio valahica\u201c.......................................................................................................... 78
\u015ecoala Ardelean\u0103 \u2013 reprezentan\u0163i, opere, idei.................................................................................................... 80
Samuil Micu (1745-1806)...................................................................................................................................81 Gheorghe\u015eincai (1754-1816)............................................................................................................................83 Petru Maior (1761-1821)....................................................................................................................................84 Ion Budai-Deleanu (1760-1820).........................................................................................................................85 Al\u0163i reprezentan\u0163i.................................................................................................................................................86 Lec\u0163ia\u015ecolii Ardelene \u00een interpretarea lui Lucian Blaga...................................................................................86 Luminism\u015fi modernizare cultural\u0103 \u00een veacul fanariot.......................................................................................92
2. Mi\u015fcarea pa\u015foptist\u0103............................................................................................................... 94
Proiecte de modernizare politic\u0103 la \u00eenceputul secolului al XIX-lea...................................................................94 \u00centemeietori\u015fi animatori culturali. Gheorghe Laz\u0103r..........................................................................................95 Schimb\u0103ri politice, intelectuale\u015fi ideologice.....................................................................................................98 Idei\u015fi programe de modernizare \u00een viziunea revolu\u0163ionarilor pa\u015fopti\u015fti........................................................100
3. Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu (1817-1891)..................................................................................... 102
Concep\u0163ia istoric\u0103\u015fi social\u0103..............................................................................................................................103
\u201eDacia Literar\u0103\u201d\u015fi programul specificului na\u0163ional.........................................................................................105
4. Nicolae B\u0103lcescu (1819-1852)........................................................................................... 106
Progresul social se realizeaz\u0103 prin ac\u0163iunea oamenilor....................................................................................107 Istoria social\u0103, o nou\u0103 viziune despre istorie....................................................................................................108 Unitatea na\u0163ional\u0103,\u0163elul suprem al revolu\u0163iei rom\u00e2nilor..................................................................................110
5. Ion Heliade R\u0103dulescu (1802-1872).................................................................................. 111
6. Simion B\u0103rnu\u0163iu (1808-1864)............................................................................................. 113
IV Orient\u0103ri culturale \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea. Junimismul.
Teoria \u201eformelor f\u0103r\u0103 fond\u201c la T. Maiorescu\u015fi M. Eminescu..................115
1. Seria schimb\u0103rilor politice\u015fi economice........................................................................... 115
Epoca lui Cuza..................................................................................................................................................115 Via\u0163a politic\u0103 \u00eentre 1866-1918..........................................................................................................................116 Problematica economic\u0103\u015fi reflexul ei cultural.................................................................................................117
2. Institu\u0163ionalizarea vie\u0163ii culturale....................................................................................... 118
Institu\u0163ii\u015fi asocia\u0163ii culturale............................................................................................................................118
\u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul\u015fi via\u0163a\u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103.........................................................................................................................119
3. De la pa\u015foptism la junimism.............................................................................................. 121
De la epoca fondatorilor titanici la epoca speciali\u015ftilor...................................................................................121
De la \u201ecultura eroic\u0103\u201c la \u201ecultura critic\u0103\u201c.........................................................................................................122
4. Junimismul. Titu Maiorescu (1840-1917).......................................................................... 124
\u00centemeierea \u201eJunimii\u201d\u015fi activitatea lui Titu Maiorescu...................................................................................124 Teoria formelor f\u0103r\u0103 fond. Fundamentul ei teoretic.........................................................................................125 De la mitul formelor la spiritul critic................................................................................................................126 \u201eDirec\u0163ia nou\u0103\u201d \u00een c\u0103utarea acordului dintre form\u0103\u015fi fond.............................................................................127 De la istorismul revolu\u0163ionar la istorismul organic..........................................................................................128 Texte din studiile lui Maiorescu.......................................................................................................................129
5. Mihai Eminescu (1850-1889)............................................................................................. 131
Personalitatea lui Eminescu..............................................................................................................................132 G\u00e2ndirea filosofic\u0103, social\u0103\u015fi politic\u0103..............................................................................................................133 Raportul dintre politic\u015fi economic...................................................................................................................135 Teoria p\u0103turii superpuse....................................................................................................................................137 Teoria compensa\u0163iei sociale..............................................................................................................................138 Raportul dintre nevoi\u015fi aptitudini \u00een evolu\u0163ia social\u0103......................................................................................139
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istoria culturii romane moderne
Cursul reconstituie momentele semnificative parcurse de cultura română modernă (în secolele XIX şi XX), analizează temele majore, curentele de idei şi operele unor personalităţi...
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