Visuddhimagga 3

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12-'d0d"eda'o-NyD;ajrmufrI (wefckd;zefqif;rI) trsKd;rsKd;ukd tus,fjycsuf tbdnmOf jyqkdcsuf avmuDtbdnmOfig;yg;okyf tbdnmOf&&ef avhusifhykH uokdPf;y&duHukd jyKjcif;onfaomfvnf; 0efav;aMumif; edrdwf&NyD;aomfvnf; psmef&&ef 0efav;aMumif; psmef&NyD;aomfvnf; wefckd;zefqif;&ef 0efav;aMumif; *d&db@0g[eylaZmfyGJtaMumif; NyD;ajrmufjcif; 'dq,fyg;jyqkdcsuf 'dq,fyg;okyf t"d|med'd (1) 0dukAed'd (2) raemr,d'd (3) P0dyg&d'd (4) tSifAmukv\ P0dyg&d'd tSifoHudp\ ,if;'d blwygv\ ,if;'d orm"d0dyg&d'd (5) tSifom&dykw&m\ orm"d0dyg&d'd tSifoOD0 \ ,if;'d tSifcgPkaum@n\ ,if;'d Ow&m\ ,if;'d omrm0wD\ ,if;'d t&d,d'd (6) qV*kFayum ur0dyguZd'd (7) ykn0awm'd (8) 0dZmr,d'd (9) xkdxkdt&m ormya,m*aMumifh NyD;ajrmufrI ('d) (10) 'd\ bkHtqifhav;yg; ,if;\ yg' av;yg; ,if;\ tao;pdwftaMumif; y'Spfyg;
,if;\ rlv 16-yg; wefckd;zefqif;ykH tpDtpOf tSifplVyef wefckd;zefqif;ykH xifSm;ay:atmifjyKonfh tm0dbm0wefckd; ESpfvSrf; okH;z0g;jzifh wm0womokdY <uawmfrlykH jrif;rkd&fawmif rawGU&jcif;taMumif; (rSwfcsuf) wm0womrS ouFNrdKUokdY oufqif;awmfrlaMumif; pMum0Vmrsm;pGmukd jrif&atmifzefqif;aom avmu0d0&Pwefckd; uG,fatmif rjrif&atmif zefqif;aomwefckd; awmifeH&H ponfukd azmufxGif;oGm;Ekdifatmif zefqif;ykH ajrvQKd;oGm;Ekdifatmif zefqif;aomwefckd; a&ay:rSm oGm;Ekdifaomwefckd; rkd;ysHEkdifaomwefckd; eaEmyeE e*g;rif;ukd qkH;rjcif; jA[mhavmuwkdifatmif ukd,fjzifh tvkdtwkdif;jzpfaomwefckd; ta0;ukd teD;jzpfatmif zefqif;ykH teD;ukd ta0;jzpfatmif zefqif;ykH trsm;ukd tenf;jzpfatmif zefqif;ykH tenf;ukd trsm;jzpfatmif zefqif;ykH ukd,f\tpGrf;jzifh pdwfukd nGwfapykH pdwf\tpGrf;jzifh ukd,fukd nGwfapykH 0dukAed'dtaMumif; raemr,d'dtaMumif;
13-tbdnm eda'o-tbdnmOfwkdYukd tus,fjycsuf 'dAaomw"mwf jyqkdcsuf 'dAaomwtbdnmOf&atmif tm;xkwfenf; apawmy&d,Pf jyqkdcsuf ykaAed0goPf jyqkdcsuf omoemy&aoh omoemwGif;&[ef;ponfwkdY\ odjrifEkdifaomuygtykdif;tjcm; ,if;wkdY\ atmufarhodjrifykH tjcif;t&m ,if;wkdY\ odjrifykH Oyrmrsm; ykaAed0goPf &atmif avhusifhykH urmysufykH okH;rsKd; Ak'acwfokH;yg; rD;jzifh urmysufykH avmuAsL[mewfwkdY a<u;aMumfMuykH urmjyefvnf jzpfxGef;ykH urmOD;om; vlwkdY tajctae rdef;r a,musfm;wkdY p jzpfvmykH ckd;,lrI jzpfay:vmykH r[morwrif; p ay:vmykH toacsF,suyfav;ck tykdif;tjcm; a&jzifh urmysufykH avjzifh urmysufykH urmysufjcif; taMumif;ponf pkwlyygwPfac: 'dApuKPf jyqkdcsuf uHtm;avsmfpGm b0opfokdY uyfa&mufMuonfukd jrifaMumif; t&d,ly0g'uH xkdufjcif;taMumif; t&d,ly0g'uHukd ukpm;ykH t&d,ly0g'uHESifh rdpm'd|d tjypfBuD;aMumif; 'dApuKtbdnmOf&atmif avhusifhcPf; NydK;>yrf;jyqkdcsuf tem*wHo ,xmurKy*PfwkdYESifhwuG tbdnmOf ckepfyg;jzpfaMumif; 'd0d"Pf\ tmkH (7)rsKd; a0befjyjcif; 'dAaomwPf\ tmkH (4)rsKd; a0befjyjcif; apawmy&d,nPf\ tmkH (8)rsKd; a0befjyjcif; ypKyef (3)rsKd; taMumif; ykaAed0goPf\tmkH (8)rsKd; a0befjyjcif; 'dApuKPf\ tmkH (4)rsKd; a0befjyjcif; tem*wHoPf\ tmkH (8)rsKd; a0befjyjcif; ,xmurKy*Pf\ tmkH (5)rsKd; a0befjyjcif;
14-cEeda'o-cEmwkdYukd tus,fjycsuf ynmukd jyqkdcsuf qkdvkdaomynmukd azmfjyjcif; ynmrnfjcif;\ taMumif; onm 0dnmPf ynmwkdY\ xl;jcm;jcif; ,if;xl;jcm;ykHukd Oyrmjzifh jyjcif; ynm\ vuPm &oponf ynmtjym;ukd jyqkdcsuf avmuDynmESifh avmukw&mynm emrfukd ykdif;jcm;aom ynmESifh kyfukd ykdif;jcm;aomynm 'eblrdynmESifh bm0emblrdynm okwr, pdEmr, bm0emr,ynm tm,aumovynm ponfokH;yg; 'ku Pfponf (pwkopPf) av;yg; y#dord'gPf av;yg; twy#dord'gPf "ry#dord'gPf edkwdy#dord'gPf y#dbmey#dord'gPf y#dord'gPf &aMumif;rsm; ynm\ bkH-rlv-ukd,fxnfwkdYukd ykdif;jcm;csuf lyuEm jyqkdcsuf blwkyf 4-yg; Oyg'gkyf 24-yg; puKyom'ponfwkdY\ vuPm &o ponf aupd tya&0g' Sif;vif;csuf tqif; toHwkdY rsufpd em;okdY a&muf ra&muf pdppfcsuf puKyom'ponfwkdY\ wnfaeykH tqif;ponfwkdY\ vuPm &oponf
wdaÈ yk&dodaÈwkdY\ vuPmponf ZD0dwdaÈ\ vuPm &oponf [',0wKkyf\ vuPm &oponf 0dnwfkwfwkdY\ vuPm &oponf tmumo"mwf\ vuPm &oponf v[kwmkyfponfwkdY\ vuPm &oponf kyftjym;ukd jyjcif; tZwdukyfESifh Am[d&kyf MoVm&dukyfESifh okckrkyf edyEkyfESifh tedyEkyf Oyg'dPkyfESifh tEkyg'dPkyf urZkyf pdwZkyf tm[m&Zkyf OwkZkyf t&doaomESifh lyH yk'fNyD;jcif; wlykH (rSwfcsuf) urZkyf 18-yg; (rSwfcsuf) pdwZkyf 15-yg; (rSwfcsuf) tm[m&Zkyf 12-yg;? OwkZkyf 13-yg; (rSwfcsuf) 0dnmPuEm jyqkdcsuf umrm0p& ukokdvfpdwf 8-yg; lyg0p& ukokdvfpdwfponf tukokdvfpdwf 12-yg; 'd|r*Fvm ponf (rSwfcsuf) t[dwfukov0dygufpdwf 8-yg; o[dwfumrm0p& ukov0dygufpdwf 8-yg; tukov0dygufpdwf 7-yg; tukov0dygufpdwf Oayumonf 'kuoabmSdaMumif; lyg0p&0dygufpdwf ponf t[dwfud&d,mpdwf 3-yg; o[dwfumrm0p& ud&d,mpdwf 8-yg; ly-tly ud&d,mpdwf 9-yg; (89) yg;aompdwfwkdY\ 14-yg;aomudpwkdYtvkdtm;jzifh jzpfykHukd a0befjyjcif; a0'emuEm jyqkdcsuf okca0'em\ vuPm &o ponf 'kua0'em\ vum &o ponf
aomrea0'em ponfwkdY\ vuPm &o ponf onmuEm jyqkdcsuf ocFg&uEm jyqkdcsuf z\ teufESifh vuPm ponf apwem\ teufESifh vuPm ponf 0D&d,\ teufESihf vuPm ponf orm"d\ teufESifh vuPm ponf o'g\ teufESifh vuPm ponf owd\ teufESifh vuPm ponf [d&D MowywkdY\ teufESifh vuPm ponf tavmb ta'go tarm[ ponfwkdY\ vuPm ponf y'd v[kwm ponfwkdY\ vuPm ponf ,if;wkdYukd bm0emyGg;qJ ukd,fwkdif awGUod&aMumif; (rSwfcsuf) qE\ teufESifh vuPm ponf t"darmu\ teufESifh vuPm ponf reodum&\ teufESifh vuPm ponf wMwrZwwm\ teufESifh vuPm ponf ,if;\jzpfykHukd bm0emyGg;olrSm ukd,fwkdifawGUod&aMumif; (rSwfcsuf) 0d&wdokH;yg;\ vuPm ponf t[d&du taemwywkdY\ vuPm ponf avmb arm[ wkdY\ teufESifh vuPm ponf rdpm'd|d\ teufESifh vuPm ponf O'p\ teufESifh vuPm ponf xdeESifh rd'wkdY\ teufESifh vuPm ponf a'go\ teufESifh vuPm ponf mESifh rp&d,wkdY\ teufESifh vuPm ponf ukuKp\ teufESifh vuPm ponf 0dpdudpm\ teufESifh vuPm ponf twdwfponf a0befjyqkdcsuf t'gtwdwf ponf a0bef jyqkdjcif; cPypKyef twdwf tem*wf a0befjyjcif; tpOfponf tqkH;tjzwf jyqkdcsuf jzpfpOf ponfukd a0befjyjcif;
a'oemtpOfom oifhaMumif; cEmESifh Oyg'geuEm xl;jcm;aMumif; cEmig;yg;rQ twdtus a[mjcif;\ taMumif; cEmig;yg;wkdYukd Oyrmjzifh jyjcif; cEmig;yg;wkdYukd Ityfaom tjcif;t&m xkdokdYIoltm; tusKd;NyD;ykH
15-tm,we"mwkeda'o-tm,we"mwfwkdYukdtus,fjycsuf tm,wewkdYukd tus,fjyqkdcsuf tm,weo'g\ teufwkdYukd jyjcif; tm,wewkdYukd 12-yg;wdwd a[mjcif; taMumif; a'oemtpOfom oifhaMumif; Ityfaom tjcif;t&mwkdYukd jyjcif; "mwfwkdYukd tus,fjyqkdcsuf "mwko'g\ teufwkdYukd tus,fjyjcif; "mwfwkdYukd 18-yg;wdwd a[mjcif;\ taMumif; tmbm"mwf ponfwkdY "mwf 18-yg; twGif;0ifykH taMumif; 4-yg; 4-yg;SdrS puK0dnmPfponf jzpfEkdifaMumif; "mwf 18-yg;wkdY Ityfaomtjcif;t&m
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366/ 14-yg;wkYd wif uokP; tEkv[onf tb,fygenf;? uokP; y#dv[onf tb,fygenf;/ G d f Hk l d f Hk l y/ tmkudk rSwjf cif;[lonf tb,fygenf;? um; tar;wnf;/ H (1) omoemawmf &[ef;onf yx0DuokP; psmefu0ifpm;\? xkYd aemif tmayguokP; (0ifpm; d f dk d f \)? enf;jzifh tpOftwki; Spyg;aom uokP;wkYd tBudrw&maomfvnf; tBudrwaxmifaomfvnf; 0ifpm; d f f d f f f \? okYd 0ifpm;jcif;onf uokP; tEkvHk (tm;jzifh 0ifpm;jcif;) rnf\/ d f (2) Mo'gwuokP;rS p xkUd twlyif y#dv(aemufjyef)tpOftm;jzifh 0ifpm;jcif;onf uokP;y#dvHk d f Hk d f (tm;jzifh 0ifpm;jcif;) rnf\/ (3) yx0DuokP;rSp Mo'gwuokP; wkiatmif? Mo'gwuokP;rSvnf;p yx0DuokP;wkiatmif d f d f d f d f d f d f okYd tEkvHk y#dvtpGr;tm;jzifh tzefwvJvJ 0ifpm;jcif;onf uokP;tEkvHk y#dvrnf\/ Hk f d f Hk (4) yXrpsmefrp tpOftwki; ae0onmemonm,wepsmefwiatmif tzefwvJvJ 0ifpm;jcif;onf S d f dk f psmeftEkvHk rnf\/ (5) ae0onm emonm,wepsmefrS p yXrpsmefwiatmif tzefwvJvJ 0ifpm;jcif;onf psmefy#dvHk dk f rnf\/ (6) yXrpsmefrp ae0onm emonm,wepsmefwiatmif? ae0onm emonm,wepsmefrp yXr S dk f S psmef wkiatmif okYd tEkvHk y#dvtpGr;tm;jzifh tzefwvJvJ 0ifpm;jcif;onf psmeftEkvHk y#dvrnf\/ d f Hk f Hk (7) yx0DuokP; yXrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif xkd yx0DuokP;yif wwd,psmefu0ifpm;\? xkUd aemif d f d f dk xkyx0D uokP;edrwuyifcg tmumomeOm,wepsmefudk (0ifpm;\)? xkUd aemif 3 tmudOnm,wepsmefudk d d f d f dk G (0ifpm;\)? enf;jzifh uokP;ukd rckeausmfr psmefuomvQif wckjcm;\ tjzpfjzifh ckeausmjf cif;onf psmefudk d f f l dk f ckeausmjf cif;rnf\/ twlyif tmayguokP; ponfudk rlwnf (ckeausmf[ef) ,SOjf cif;wkYd uvnf; ytyf\/ f d f f dk (8) yx0DuokP; yXrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif wzef xkyXrpsmefuyif awaZmuokP; (0ifpm;\)? d f d dk d f xkUd aemif eDvuokP;? xkUd aemif avm[dwuokP; (0ifpm;\)? enf;jzifh psmefudk rckeausmfr uokP; d f d f f l d f ukomvQif wckjcm;\ tjzpfjzifh ckeausmjf cif;onf uokP;ukd ckeausmjf cif;rnf\/ d f d f f (9) yx0DuokP; yXrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif xkUd aemif awaZmuokP; wwd,psmefudk (0ifpm;\)? d f d f (xkYd aemif) eDv uokP;ukcg tmumomeOm,wepsmefudk (0ifpm;\)? (xkUd aemif) avm[dwuokP;rS tmudO d f d G d f nm,wepsmefudk (0ifpm;\)? enf;jzifh psmefuif; uokP;ukif; ckeausmfjcif;onf psmefEihf uokP;wkYd udk dk d f d f S d f ckeausmjf cif;rnf\/ f (10) yx0DuokP; yXrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif xkyx0DuokP;yif tjcm;psmefwYdkuvnf; 0ifpm;jcif; d f d d f dk onf t*Fg ajymif;aTUjcif; rnf\/ (11) yx0DuokP; yXrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif xkd yXrpsmefuyif tmayguokP;if; awaZmuokP; d f dk d f d f if;/y/ Mo'gwuokP;if; (0ifpm;\)? enf;jzifh tvk;pkaomuokP;wkYd wyg;wnf;aom psmefuomvQif d f H H d f dk 0ifpm;jcif;onf tmkajymif;aTUjcif;rnf\/ H (12) yx0DuokP; yXrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif tmayguokP; 'kw,psmefu?dk awaZmuokP; d f d f d d f wwd,psmefu?dk 0ga,muokP; pwkwpsmefu?dk eDvuokP;ukd cGg tmumomeOm,wepsmefu?dk yDwuokP;rS d f d f d f 0dnmPOm,wepsmefu?dk avm[dwuokP;rS tmudOnm,wepsmefu?dk Mo'gwuokP;rS ae0onmemonm, d f d f wepsmefudk (0ifpm;\)? okYd wckausmf0ifpm;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh t*FgwkYd uif; tmkwYdk uif; ajymif;aTUjcif; f dk H dk onf t*FgESihf tmkwYdk udk ajymif;aTUjcif;rnf\/ H
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369/ NyD;ajrmufrI (wefc;zefqif;rI) trsKd;rsKd;tvkYd ig pdwudk aS;Iaqmif\ aS;InGwfap\ [l&m dk S f NyD;ajrmufjcif; &jcif;[laom teufaMumifh 'drnf\? NyD;pD;jcif; NyD;ajrmufjcif; teufaMumifif; &jcif; h teufaMumifif; ('drnfonf)[k qkv\/ rSeay\? NyD;pD;NyD;ajrmufaomoabm &tyfaomoabmukd Zwd h d dk f (NyD;pD;NyD;ajrmuf\ &\)[k qktyfayonf/ (tqkonf)d d ]]umrH umr,rme? w ap wH ordZwd/}} ]]vkcsifp&m (umr*kP)ukd vkcsifaeaom xdotm; xkvcsifp&monf tu,f NyD;pD;jynfpjHk im;tH}h }[kd f d k l d dk h a[mawmfronfEihf tnDyifwnf;/ xkYd jyifl S ]]umrtvkrS xGuajrmufroabm (aeur)onf (ZwDw) NyD;pD;jynfpwwf a&muftyf-&tyf d f I d h Hk aomaMumifh 'd rnf\? qefYusibufudk y,fwwfaomaMumifh (yg#d[m&d,) jym#d[mrnf\/y/ t&[w f r*fonf NyD;pD;jynfpwwf a&muftyfaomaMumifh 'drnf\? qefYusibufudk y,fwwfaomaMumifh h Hk f (yg#d[m&d,) jym#d[mrnf\}}[k a[mawmfronfEivnf; tnDyifwnf;/ l S hf enf;wyg;um;-NyD;ajrmufapwwfaom teufaMumifh 'drnf\? 'd[aom trnfonf taMumif; l Oyg,f jynfpjHk cif;\ (0g-taMumif; aumif;jcif;\) trnfaywnf;/ rSeay\? taMumif;Oyg,f\ jynfpjHk cif;onf h f h tvktyfaom tusKd;ukd jzpfapwwfaomaMumifh tusKd;ukNd yD;ajrmuf apwwfay\/ ( tqkdonf) ]] pdw d dS ol<u,fonf oDvESijhf ynfp\? aumif;aom *kPaus;Zl;ESihf jynfpH\? aemiftcg pMu0aw;rif;jzpfygap[k h Hk f h k tu,f awmifwjim;tH?h oDvESijhf ynfpaom xko<l u,f\ pdwuxm;jcif;-awmifwjcif;onf pifMu,faom h h Hk d f dk h aMumifh NyD;ajrmufapEkiayvwH}h }[k a[mawmfronfEihf tnDyifwnf;/ d f l S enf;wyg;um; -trIjzifh ow0gwkYd onf jynfpue\? xkoYdkjynfpaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh 'drnf\/ h Hk k f d h Hk jynfpue\ [lonfrm BuD;yGg;uke\ jrifjh rwfw;wufue\[k qkv\/ h Hk k f S f dk k f d dk 'drnfaom xkd NyD;ajrmufrwefc;onf q,fyg;tjym;Sd \/ ]]'dwYdk onf tb,frQSuef oenf;[kar; I dk d k vQif 'dwYdk onf q,fyg;wkYd wnf; ([k ajz&m\)}}[lonfEihf tnDyif/ wzefvnf; aemufxyf zGiqjdk yefonfrm S hf S q,fyg;aom 7 'dwYdk onf tb,fonfwYdk enf; (1) t"d|med'-"d|mefzefqif;jcif;wefc;? (2) 0duAe'-yuwd d dk k d d toGiuazsmuf wrsKd;wrnf zefqif;jcif;wefc;? (3) raemr,d'-pdwjf zifNh yD;aom (rdrEihf ykw) zefqif;jcif; f dk dk d d S H l wefc;? (4) P0dyg&d'-Pf\ ysUH ESYH jcif;aMumifh NyD;ajrmufaomwefc;? (5) orm"d0yg&d'-orm"d\ ysUH ESYH jcif; dk d dk d d aMumifh NyD;ajrmufaomwefc;? (6) t&d,'-t&d,mwkYd rm jynfpNHk yD; ajrmufaomwefc;? (7) ur0yguZd'-uH\ dk d d S h dk d d tusKd;ukr NyD;ajrmufaom wefc;? (8) ykn0awm'd-xl;jcm;onfh aumif;rIiwYdkrm NyD;ajrmuf jynfpaom d DS dk S f S h Hk wefc;? (9) 0dZmr,d'-0dZmrEmefjzifNh yD;aom wefc;? (10) ww ww ormya,m*yp,'-xkxt&m enf;vrf; dk d dk d d d dk rSepm tm;xkwraMumifh NyD;ajrmufaom wefc;/ q,fyg;wkYd yifwnf;/ f G f I dk 370/ xkwif ]]yuwdtm;jzifh wyg;wnf; jzpfygvsuf trsm;jzpfatmifqifjcif\? w&mukaomfif; d G d waxmifuaomfif; wode;ukaomfif; qifjcifNyD;vQif trsm;jzpfap[k Pfjzifh "d|mef\}}[k okYd a0befzifh dk f d G qk jyaom('d) wefc;onf "d|mefjcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh NyD;aomaMumifh t"d|med'd rnf\/ (1) d dk f 371/ ]]xkwefc;Sionf yuwdtoGioPmefudk y,fpeYf vkvifysKdtoGiurvnf; jy\? e*g;toGiudk d dk f f G f dk l f *VKef toGiudk bDv;toGiudk odMum;toGiudk ewftoGiudk jA[mtoGiudk ork'&mtoGif awmiftoGif jcaoFh f l f f f f toGif usm;toGif usm;opftoGif qiftoGif jrif;toGif &xm;toGif ajcvsifwyftoGiuvnf; jy\? trsKd;rsKd; f dk aom ppfwyftaygif;ukvnf; jy\}}[k okYd a0befjyqkxm;aom wefc;zefqif;jcif;onf yuwd toGioPmef d d dk f uk d y,fpeYf azmufjyefajymif;vJaom toGioPmef\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfaomaMumifh 0duAe'd rnf\/ (2) G f f k d
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372/ ]]omoemawmf &[ef;onf yuwdu,rS wyg;aom tbdnmOfpwaMumifh jzpfaom tjcm; dk f d f ykwu,udk zefqif;\}} okYd aomenf;jzifh jyqkxm;aom wefc;onf yuwdu,aumifx tbdnmOfpwaMumifh H l dk f d dk dk f J d f jzpfaom tjcm;ykwu,f NyD;pD;jzpfay:onf\ tpGr;jzifh jzpfaomaMumifh raemr,d'd rnf\/ (3) H l dk f 373/ PfjzpfonfrS aS;aomfif; aemufaomfif; xkcPaomfif; Pf\tpGr;aMumifjh zpfaom d f txl;onf P0dyg&d'd rnf\/ rSeay\? ]]tedpm Ekyemjzifh edponmukd y,fjcif;oabmonf NyD;ajrmuf\? f xkYd aMumifh P0dyg&d'd rnf\/y/ t&[wr*fjzifh tvk;pkaom udavomwkYd udk y,fjcif;oabmonf NyD;ajrmuf\? H H xkUd aMumifh P0dyg&d'd rnf\? tSiAmukv\ P0dyg&d'dukd? tSioup\ P0dyg&d'dukd? tSifblwygv\ f f H d P0dyg&d'udk (odtyf\)}}[k a[mawmfrayonf/ d l xkwif tSiAmukvrax&fonf (ig;&ufom;) uav;i,fb0u r*FvmaeYwif jrpfx a&csK;ay;aepOf d G f G J d uav;xde;\ arhavsmraMumifh a&pD;aMumif;xJ usom;av\? xkuav;i,fudk ig;BuD;ursKd Am&mPoD f h I G d qdyurf;okYd a&mufom;av\? ,if;qdyurf; xkig;BuD;ukd wHigu zrf; aoa|;uawmftm; a&mif;vku\? xkd f G f d d f aoa|;uawmfu ig; ESpoufaom pdwojzifh xkig;ukd iguk,wiyif yjyif csufrnf[Bk uHum cGvwfaomf f f dS d d f dk f J ig;\0rf;xJ aTyozG,f wifw,faom oli,fudk awGU& ]]igonf om;ukd &ayNyD}}[k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfav k f h \/ 8 okYd (ypdrb0du) tqk;pGeb0 wnfaom tSiAmukvax&f\ ig;0rf;xJ tema&m*g rSjd cif; H f f qif;&Juif;jcif;onf xkcEmuk,jf zifyif &tyfvwHaom t&[wr*fPf\ tpGr;tmEkabmfaMumifh jzpfojzifh d d h h f P0dyg&d'd rnf\/ 0wKukrl tus,ftm;jzifh (Oy&dyPmot|uxm ESm 135? t*Fw& t|uxm {w'*0*fwYdk d k jyxm;onftwki;) qktyf \/ h d f d xkrwyg; oHupax&f\ rdcifonf ,if;oli,f 0rf;xJSpOfyif aoqk;ojzifh xkre;r\ tavmif;ukd d S d d H d d f xif;ykxufoYdk wif wHp;0g;wkYd jzifh xk; rD;IUd aomtcg oli,f\ rsufaxmifudk wHp;0g;pGe;jzifh xk;rd oli,fu H l d h l f d toHyavonf? xktcg oli,f toufiaeao;aMumif; odMuojzifh tavmif;ukd xif;ykrcs 0rf;ukcum oli,f d S f H S d JG ukd xkw,Nl yD;vQif olUtzGm;xH tyfMuav\? xkoi,fonf tzGm;jzpfou ypkarG;jrL BuD;jyif;vmaomtcg f d l l Si&[ef;yNyD; y#dord'gav;yg;ESiwuG t&[wzvoYdk a&mufawmfravonf/ ("ry'-| y-426-Munf) okYd f hf dk f l h qkcaomenf;jzifyif rD;IUd &m xif;ykay: tSioup\ tema&m*g uif;jcif;onf P0dyg&d'rnf\/ d hJ h H f H d d xkrwyg; blwygvrnfaom oli,f\ zcifonf &mZ*d[f rdU (xif;a&mif;pm;&aom) vlqif;&Jaywnf;? d S xkd vlqif;&Jonf xif;twGuf vSn;jzifh awmokYd om;NyD;vQif xif;0efudk vSn;wif jyefvmcJ&m naecsrf;tcsdef f G f h rdUteD;okYd a&muf\? xkdtcg ol\EGm;wkYd onf xrf;yk;ukd pGeYf vwxuajy;um rdUwGi;okYd 0ifom;Muav\/ xkd d T f G f f G vlqif;&Jonf vSn;teD; om;oli,fudk xkiaeapNyD;vQif EGm;wkYd \aemufoYdk vkuom;&m rdUwGi;okYd yifvQif f d f d f G f 0ifom;&av\? xkvqif;&J rdUjyifoYdk rxGu&ao;rDyif (tcseusojzif) rdUwHcg;ukd ydwav\/ oli,frm rdUjyif G d l f d f h f S bDv;Murf;wkYd \ usupm;&mt&yf nOfo;,mrfywfv; (wa,mufwnf; ae&aomfvnf;) ab;&eftE&m,f l f h Hk Hk uif;jcif;onf qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzihyif P0dyg&d'd aywnf;/ 0wKukrl ("ry't|uxm 'k 284- jyqkxm;onfh d f d d twki;) csJU odtyf\/ (4) d f 374/ orm"drS aS;aomfif;? aemufaomfif;? xkcPaomfif; orxtmEkabmfaMumifh jzpfaom txl; d onf orm"d0yg&d'd rnf\/ rSeay\? ]]yXrpsmefjzifh eD0&PwkYd udk y,fjcif;oabmonf NyD;ajrmuf\? xkUd aMumifh d f orm"d0yg&d'rnf \/y/ ae0onmemonm,we ormywfjzifh tmudOnm,wem onmukd y,fjcif; oabmonf d d NyD;ajrmuf\? xkUd aMumifh orm"d0yg&d'd rnf\/ tSifom&dykw&m\ orm"d0yg&d'u?dk tSioO0\ orm"d0yg&d'd d d d f D d ukd? tSifcgPkaum@n\ orm"d0yg&d'u?dk Ow&mrnfaom Oygodumr\ orm"d0yg&d'u?dk omrm0wD rnfaom d d d d Oygodumr\ orm"d0yg&d'udk (odtyf\)}}[k a[mawmfrayonf/ d d l xkwitcgwyg; tSiom&dyw&mrax&fonf tSiarm*vmefrax&fEitwl uaygwrnfaom acsmuf d G f f k f S hf vomaeaom nOftcgwGif [if;vif;jyift&yf oDwif;ok;vsuf xkiaepOf acgif;&dwNf yD;pjzpf (va&mifjzifh h H d f awmufyaeaom tSif om&dyw&m\) OD;acgif;ukd bDv;qk;wa,mufonf tazmfbv;u wm;jrpfygvsuf jyif;pGm k l d D l ykwcwfav\? ,if;ykwcwfjcif;\ toHonf rk;csKH;oHuoYdk yif 9 jrnfav\? xktcg tSiom&dyw&m f f d hJ d f k rax&fonf xkbv;ykwcwfqtcse ormywfudk 0ifpm;awmfrav\/ xkdtcgtSif om&dykw&mrax&frm xkd d D l f J d f l S bDv; ykwcwfjcif;aMumifh emusifrI wpkwckrQrjzpfay/ xktSiom&d ykw&m\ okYd emusirrjzpfjcif;onf orm"d l f H d f f I 0dyg&d'aywnf;/ 0wKtus,frmrl O'gef;ygVdawmf (ESm-123) vmonfomwnf;/ d S
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xkrwyg; eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;aeaom oO0rax&fudk aoqk; (ysHawmfr) aeonfxifrw EGm;ausmif; d S D H l S f om; ponfwYdk u jruf xif; EGm;acs; ponfwYdk udk pky rD;IUd Mu\? okYd aomf rax&f\ouFe; csnf wrQirQ rD; Hk f f ravmifay/ xkoO0rax&f\okYd r;ravmifjcif;onf tpOftwki; 0ifpm;aom ormywfwYdk\ tpGr;tm;jzifjh zpf d D D d f f aom orxtmEkabmftm;jzifh NyD;jcif;aMumifh orm"d0yg&d'aywnf;/ 0wKtus,frm rlvyPmorm&wZe,okwf d d S D (409) vmSay\/ d xkrwyg; tSicgPkaum@nrax&fonf taMumif;xl;rSyJ yuwdoabmtm;jzifyifvQif ormywf0if d S f d h pm;jcif; rsm;ayonf? xkrax&fonf awmwck0,f nOftcg ormywfudk 0ifpm;vsuf xkiaeawmfr\? ck;ol d h d f l d ig;&mwkYd onf ypn;b@mukd ck;,lcMhJ uNyD;vQif (GmrS) xGuom; ukevwfaomf ]],cktcg igwkYd aemufoYdk vkuvm f d f G f d f olrsm;rSMd u}}[k odMuojzifh tyef;ajz em;aeMu vkaomaMumifh ck;xkyb@mwkYd udk csxm;Muaomtcg ]]t&m d d f onf opfiwyif}}[k xifrwMf u rax&f\ txuf tvk;pkaom b@mwkYd udk xm;Muav\? ,if;ck;olwYdk onf k f S H H d tyef;ajz em;aeNyD;aemuf oGm;Murnfy&mwGif aS;OD;pGm csxm;aom b@mxkyudk ,laomtcg rlvut"d|mefy f xm;aom umvtyki;tjcm;\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh tSifcgPkaum@nrax&fonf ormywfrS xawmfrav\/ xkd d f l ck;olwYdk onf rax&f\ vIym;aom tjcif;t&mukd jrifMu& aMumufvefYMuaomaMumifh [pfatmf jrnfwrf; d f S uke\/ rax&fu ]]OygoumwkYd raMumufMuukevif?h ig&[ef;yg}}[kq\/ xkc;olwYdk onf vmMuuke Sc; f f dk d dk f d dk MuNyD;vQif rax&f jzpfaom Munfjdk cif;jzifh Si&[ef; yMu y#dord'gPfwYdk EiwuG t&[wzvoYdk f S hf dk f a&mufMuav\/ 0wK b@mxkyf ig;&mwkYd jzifh tzdc&aom tSicgPkaum@nrax&f\ emusifrrSjd cif;onf H f I orm"d 0dyg&d'aywnf;/ d xkrwyg; Ow&mrnfaom Oygodumronf ykPaoa|;\ orD;jzpfonf? (,if;Ow&mu olUcifye;tm; d S G f vkyauR; ypk&ef iSg;&ef;xm;aom) jynfwefqmr oD&rmonf remvkaomaMumifh xkaoa|;orD; Ow&m\ acgif; f d d d ay: avmavmylaom qDy&nfudk oGe;avmif;csvku\/ Ow&monf xkcPyif (oD&rm\ aus;Zl;ukd qifjcif) l f d f d d arwmpsmefudk 0ifpm;vku\? qDonf Mumzufay:rS a&aygufuoYdk pD;qif; vdrusoGm;av\/ xkOw&m d f hJ hf d Oygodumr\ okYd qDyravmifjcif;onf orm"d0yg&d'd aywnf;/ 0wKukrl ("ry't|uxm 17-0*fEihf t*Fw& l d d S k t|uxm {w'*0*fwYdk jyxm;onftwki;) csJUodtyf\/ h d f omrm0wD (rnfaom Oygodumr) onfOawebk&if\t*ra[oD rdz&m;BuD;jzpfonf/ rm*@DyPm;onf k k rdr\ (arG;pm;) orD;jzpform*@D\ t*ra[oDrz&m;BuD;\ t&mukd ajrmvifh awmifwvsuf xkomrm0wD\ d l d k f h d apmif;xJ 10 a>rqk;ukd xnfapNyD;vQif Oawerif;ukd ]]rif;BuD; omrm0wDonf tSirif;Bu ;ukd aoapvkaom d h f D d aMumifapmif;xJ a>rqk;ukxnfum aqmifxm;ygonf}}[k *k;acsmajymqk\/ Oawerif;onf xka>rukd awGUjrif h d d h H d d trsuxuaomaMumifh omrm0wDudk owfrnf[k BuHum av;wifNyD;vQif tqdyv;aom pOf; oGm;jrm;ukd zGUJ ,SOf f G f f l av\/ ta>ct&H ig;&mESiwuGaom omrm0wDonf Oawe bk&ifrif;ukd arwmjzifh jzefYav\/ Oawebk&ifonf hf jrm;ukd ypfvnf; rypfEif csvnf; rcsEiyJ wkevyvsuf wnfaeav\/ xktcgomrm0wD rdz&m;u ]]yifyef; dk dk f f I f d k aeovm;rif;BuD;}}[k ar;vku\/ ]]at;yifyef;aeygw,f}}[k rif;BuD;uqk\/ ]]okYd jzpfvQif av;ukd csxm;vkufyg d f d d avmh}}[k omrm0wDuqk\/ jrm;onf rif;\ ajc&if;omvQif usav\/ xktcg omrm0wD rdz&m;u ]]rif;BuD; d d k rjypf rSm;wwfaomoludk rjypfrm;aumif;bl;}}[k Mo0g'ay;av\/ 0wK Oawerif;onf jrm;ukd ypfvw&ef S T f rpGr;Edif jcif;onf omrm0wD Oygodumr\ orm"d0yg&d'aywnf;/ (5) f k d d 375/ xkrwyg; pufqyz,tmkH ponfwYdk pufqyz,f r[kw[k trSwvsufaejcif; tpSaom d S k f G f k f G f f dS d NyD;ajrmufrI wefc;onf t&d,'rnf\/ tqkEitnD rdeYf qcsufrmdk d d d S hf dk S ]]t&d,mwkdY\ Opmjzpfaom NyD;ajrmufrwefc;onf tb,fenf;/ omoemawmf &[ef;onf pufqyf I dk k zG,tmk pufqyz,r[kw[k trSwvsuf aevkonf[k tu,f tvkjdS im;tH?h xktmk pufqyz,f r[kwf f H k f G f f f dS d d d H k f G [k trSwvsuf aeEki\/ pufqyz,r[kwaomtmk pufqyz,[k trSwvsuf aevkonf[k tu,f f dS d f k f G f f H k f G f f dS d tvkyjdS im;tH?h xktmk pufqyz,[k trSwvsuf aeEki\/ pufqyz,tmkif; pufqyz,f r[kwaom f d H k f G f f dS d f k f G f H k f G f tmkif; pufqyz,r[kw[k trSwvsuf aevkonf[k tu,f tvkyjdS im;tH?h xktmkpuf qkyz,f H k f G f f f dS d f d H f G r[kw[k trSwvsufaeEki\/ pufqyz,f r[kwaom tmkif; pufz,f tmkif; pufqyz,[k trSwf f f dS d f k f G f H G H k f G f Svsufaevkonf[k tu,f tvkjdS im;tH?h xktmkpufqyz,[k trSwvsuf aeEki\/ pufqkyfzG,f tmkH d d d d H k f G f f dS d f if; pufqyz,r[kwaom tmkif; xkEprsKd;vk;ukd MuOfy,fNyD; vspfvsLIum trSw&vsuf rSepmodvsuf k f G f f H d S f H f f G
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aevkonf[k tu,f tvkjdS im;tH?h xktmk vspfvsLIum trSw&vsuf rSepmodvsuf aeEki\}} [laom d d d H f f G d f y#dord'gr*f aywnf;/ rSeay\/ okYd tvkwi; NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf pdw\ 0oDabmfoYdk a&mufueaom t&d,m yk*Kd vfwYdk f d dS dk f f k f tm;omvQif jzpfoifaomaMumifh t&d,'d [k qktyfayonf/ h d d csJUjy&vQif t&d,'Eihf jynfpaom tmoa0gukeNf yD; (&[Em)&[ef;onf pufqyz,jf zpfaom ted|mkH d d S h Hk k f G 0wK arwmjzifjh zefYjcif;ukd jzpfap? "mwfoabm[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfap yvsuf pufqyz,r[kw[k trSwf Hk f k f G f f Sdvsufae\/ pufqyz,r[kwaom |mk0wK tokb[k jzefYjcif;ukd jzpfap? tedp[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd k f G f f H Hk f jzpfap yvsuf pufqyz,[k Ivsufae\/ xkUd twlyif pufqyz,tmkH pufqyz,f r[kwaom tmkwYdk k f G f k f G f k f G f H xkarwmjzifh jzefYjcif;ukyif jzpfap? xk"mwfoabm[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukyif jzpfap yvsuf pufqyz,f r[kw[k d d d Hk f d k f G f trSwfSdvsufae\/ pufqyz,f r[kwaomtmkH pufqyz,f tmkwYdk vnf; xktokb[k jzefYjcif;ukyif jzpfap? k f G f k f G H d d xktedp[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukyif jzpfapvsuf yvsuf pufqyz,f [ktrSwf Svsufae\/ ]]rsufpjd zifh tqif;ukd d Hk f d k f G d jrifNyD;vQif 0rf;ajrmufonfvnf;r[kwf ESv;romonfvnf;r[kwf trSw&onf rSepmodonf jzpf vspfvsLI Hk f f G vsuf ae\/}} okYd tpSaomenf;jzifh a[mxm;aom qV*kayumukd jzpfapvsuf (0g-jzpfapaom &[ef;onf) d F pufqyz,tmkif;? pufqyz,r[kwaom tmkif; xkEprsKd;vk;ukd MuOfy,f vspfvsLIum trSw&onf k f G f H k f G f f H d S f H f rSepmodonfjzpf ae\? (0g-aeonf rnf\)/ rSeay\? y#dord'gr*f ]]pufqyz,tmk pufqyz,r[kw[k f G f k f G f H k f G f f trSwvsuf tb,foYdk aeoenf;/ ted|mk0wK arwmjzifrvnf; jzefY\? "mwfoabmtm;jzifrvnf; Iqifjcif f dS H h l h l \}} okYd tpSaom enf;jzifh ,ckjycJaom teufuyif a0befxm;ayonf/ okYd tvkwi; NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf d h dk d dS dk f pdw\0oDabmfoYdk a&mufueaom t&d,myk*Kd vfwYdk tm;omvQif jzpfoifaomaMumifh t&d,'[k qktyfayonf/ f k f h d d d (6) 11 376/ xkdrSwyg; iSufponfwkdY\ aumif;uif oGm;jcif;tpSaom NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf ur0yguZd'd d d rnf\/ tqkEitnD rdeYf qcsufrmd S hf dk S ]]uH\tusKd;ukd rSjzpfaom NyD;ajrmufjcif;wefc;onf tb,fenf;/ tvk;pkaom iSuwYdk \if;? D dk H H f tvk;pkaom ewfwYdk \if;? tcsKdUaom (urmOD;om;) vlwYdk\if;? tcsKdUaom 0deygwduac: ajrwnfewf H H d wkYd \if; (aumif;uif oGm;Ekijf cif; tpSaom wefc;onf S\)? wefc;onf ur0yguZd'd rnf\}} d d dk d dk d [laom y#dord'gr*faywnf;/ rSeay\? ow0gwkYd wif tvk;pkaom iSuwYdk \ (tbdnmOf) psmefvnf;rSd 0dyemvnf;rSyJ f G H H f d aumif;uifjzifh oGm;jcif;onfif;? xkUd twlyif psmef0yemrSygyJ tvk;pkaom ewfwYdk \if;? urmOD;om;tcsKdU d d H H vlwYdk \if;? (aumif;uifjzifh oGm;jcif;onfif;)? xkUd twlyif yd,uF&\rdcif ajrbkwbv;r Ow&\rdcif f D l ajrbkwbv;r zkrdwm rnfaom ajrbkwbv;r "r*wmrnfaom ajrbkwbv;r tpSueaom tcsKdUaom f D l f D l k f D l d k f 0deygwdu ac: ajrwnfewfwYdk \aumif;uifjzifh oGm;jcif;onfif; ur0yguZd'rnf\/ (7) d d d 377/ xkrwyg; pMu0aw;rif; ponfwYdk \ aumif;uifjzifom;jcif; tpSaom NyD;ajrmufjcif; wefc;onf d S h G d dk ykn0awm'd (xl;jcm;aomaumif;rISif\ NyD;ajrmufjcif;wefc;) rnf\/ tqkEitnD rdeYf qcsufrmdk d S hf dk S ]]ykn0awm'donf tb,fenf;/ pMu0aw;rif;onf t,kwq;tm;jzifh jrif;xde; EGm;xde;wkYd rS f Hk f f p t*Fgav;yg; Saom ppfwyfEiwuG aumif;uifjzifom;\/ aZmwduaoa|;\ (jynfpjHk cif;onf) d S hf h G h ykn0awm'daywnf;? Z#dvaoa|;\ (jynfpjHk cif;onf) ykn0awm'daywnf;? aCmodwaoa|;\ h (jynfpjHk cif;onf) ykn0awm'd aywnf;? ar@u aoa|;\ (jynfpjHk cif;onf) ykn0awm'daywnf;? h h bke;uHBuD;rm;ol ig;OD;wkYd \ (xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jynfpjHk cif;onf) ykn0awm'd aywnf;}}[laom y#dor'g f h d r*faywnf;/ tusO;csKyftm;jzifrum; &ifusujf cif;okYd a&mufaom aumif;rItaqmuftOD;aMumifh NyD;ajrmuf jynfpaom f h l h h Hk txl;0daooonf ykn0awm'd rnf\/ t>rufrQjy&vQif bke;uHBuD;olwYdk wif aZmwduaoa|;rSm ajrBuD;ukd f G azmufc ywjrm;jymom'f xGuay:cJav\? ya'omyif 64-ckvnf; xGuay:cJ\? txl;onf xkaZmwdu\ JG f h f h d ykn0awm'd aywnf;/ Z#dvaoa|;rSm tawmifpq,faom aTawmifaygufc\/ aCmodwaoa|;tm; S f dS hJ
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ckepfcaom t&yfwYdk aoap&ef vkUH vyaomfvnf; a&m*grSjd cif;-aoab;uif;jcif;onf ykn0awm'daywnf;/ k ar@uaoa|;rSm wpfy,frQSaomt&yf &wemckepfyg;jzifNh yD;aom (qdwf ukvm;ac:) ok;kywYdk \ xifm;jzpfay: d d f S vmjcif;onf ykn0awm'daywnf;/ bke;uHBuD;rm;ol ig;OD;wkYd rnfonfrm (1) ar@uaoa|;? (2) if;\ aoa|;uawmf pEy'krod&?D (3) f S if;wkYd \om;jzpfol "eO,aoa|;? (4) acR;rjzpfol okrema'0D? (5) ykPrnfaom (if;wkYd \) uRef? ig;OD;wkYd aywnf;/ xkig;OD;wkYd wif ar@aoa|;onf acgif;aq; (avQmf) NyD; aumif;uifudk armfMunfaomtcg oav;eD d G h pyg;wkYd onf aumif;uifrS (usvmuke) pyg;usDwaomif; ESpaxmifig;&mwkYd udk jynfapukef\/ aoa|;uawmf f f h pEy'krod&onf wpv,fcsurQ xrif;ukaomfvnf; (olU vufjzifui) ZrL'dywuRe;vk;aevlwYdkudk auR;aomf D f d h dk f f f H vnf; xrif;onf rukeay/ om;jzpfol "eO,onf aiGwaxmifxyudk uki ZrL'dywuRef;vk;aevlwYdk tm; f k f d f f H ay;urf;aomfvnf; (aiGwYdk onf) rukef Muay/ acR;rjzpfol okrema'0Donf 12 pyg;wkYd jzifh jynfaom jynfawmif; h wckuui ZrL'dywuRef;vk;ae vlwYdk tm;a0iSay;aomfvnf; pyg;onf rukeay/ ykPrnfaomuRefonf wck dk dk f f H f wnf;aomx,fjzifh x,fx;vQif bufrS ckepfaMumif; xkbufrS ckepfaMumif; okYd 14-ckaom x,fa&;vrf; dk d aMumif;wkYd onf jzpfue\/ okYd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf xkig;OD;wkYd \ ykn0awm'daywnf;/ (8) k f d 378/ xkrwyg; 0dZm"k&f ponfwYdk \ aumif;uifjzifom;jcif; tpSaom NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf 0dZmr,d'd d S d h G d rnf\/ tqkdESifhtnD rdefYqcsufrmdk S ]]0dZmr,d'onf tb,fenf;/ 0dZm"k&wYdk onf *Em&D0Zm tpSaom rEmefudk (rEmefwenf;jzif) d d f d d G f h Gwzwfue (rEmefpyue) aumif;uifoYdk wufom;uke\? a&;jcpfrxifonfh aumif;uif qifwyf f k f k f k f G f ukvnf; jyuke\? jrif;wyfuvnf; jyuke\? &xm;wyfuvnf;jyuke\? ajcvsiwyfuvnf; jyuke\? d f dk f dk f f dk f trsKd;rsKd;aom ppfwyftaygif;ukvnf; jyuke\}}[laom y#dor'gr*faywnf;/ (9) d f d 379/ xkrwyg; xkxoYdk aomNyD;pD;jynfpaMumif; enf;vrf;rSepm tm;xkwjf cif;aMumifh xkxdk trI\ NyD;pD; d S d dk h Hk f G d jynfpjHk cif;onf ]]xkxt&m enf;vrf;rSepm tm;xkwraMumifh NyD;ajrmufaomwefc; ('d)}} rnf\/ tqkdESifh h d dk f G f I dk tnD rdeYf qcsufrmdk S ]]umrtvkrxuajrmufrI (aeur)jzifumrpEudk y,fjcif; uif;apjcif;onf NyD;ajrmuf\? okYd d S G f h NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf xkxdk t&m enf;vrf;rSepm tm;xkwraMumifh NyD;ajrmufjcif; teufoabmtm;jzifh d f G f I NyD;ajrmufaom wefc;('d) rnf\/ jypfrm;rI\qefYusifbuf ta'go-arwmjzifh Asmyg'ukd y,fjcif; dk S oabmonf NyD;ajrmuf\? okYd NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf xkxt&m enf;vrf;rSepm tm;xkwraMumifh d dk f G f I NyD;ajrmufjcif; teufoabmtm;jzifh NyD;ajrmufaom wefc; ('d) rnf\/y/ yXrpsmefjzifh eD0&PwkYd udk dk y,fjcif; oabmonf/y/ t&[wr*fjzifh tvk;pkaom udavomwkYd udk y,fjcif;oabmonf NyD;ajrmuf\? H H okYd NyD;ajrmufjcif;onf xkxt&m enf;vrf;rSepm tm;xkwraMumifh NyD;ajrmufjcif; teufoabmtm; d dk f G f I jzifh NyD;ajrmufaom wefc; ('d) rnf\}}[laom y#dor'gr*f aywnf;/ dk d aemufq;'dudk tus,fjy&mvnf; tusify#dywf[k qktyfaom xkenf;vrf;rSepm tm;xkwruom Hk h d d f G f I dk vQijf yonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh aS; (orm"d0yg&d'd ponfudk tus,fjyonf) ygVdEihf wlonfomvQif jzpfaom f d h S tus,fjyaom ygVdonf vmS\/ (,if;\tzGi) t|uxmrlum; vSn; ppfqifa&; (ou#AsL[m) (puf0i;ppf d hf f dk f qifa&; puAsL[m y'krmppfqifa&; y'krAsL[m) ponfwYdkudk yjcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh trSwrSd wpkwckaom f f H (ppftwwf *Pef;twwf uacsonftwwf paom) twwfynmtrIuif; trSwrSd wpkwckaom (cGpwf dk f H J d ukojcif; paom) aq;ynmtrIuif; aA'if ok;ykoif,jl cif;ukif; yd#uwfo;ykH oif,jl cif;ukif; t,kwfqkH; dk H H d Hk d tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh xGejf cif; pkuysKd;jcif;ponfwYdk udk pGr xkxtrIudk yvky jzpfay:vmaom txl;onf xkxdk d f d f J DS d dk f d t&m enf;vrf;rSepm tm;xkwraMumifh NyD;ajrmufjcif;teufoabmtm;jzifh NyD;ajrmufaomwefc; ('d) rnfonf f G f I dk [l vmSd\/ (10) ,ckjycJonftwki; q,fyg;aom NyD;ajrmufrI (wefc; zefqif;rI-'d)wkYd wif ]]NyD;ajrmufrI (wefc; h h d f dk G dk zefqif;rI) trsKd;rsKd; tvkYd ig}}[laom yk' t"d|med'-t"d|mefzefqif;jcif; wefc;onfomvQif vmSayonf? S f d dk d okYd aomfvnf; (tbdnmedoo[k qktyfaom? 0g-'d0"[k qktyfaom) t&m 0duAe'Eihf raemr,d'd H d d d k d d S wkdYukdvnf; tvkdSdtyf-,ltyfueonfomvQiwnf;/ k f f
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380/ 'd0"m, [lonfum; NyD;ajrmufrI (wefc;zefqif;rI) tzkYd tvkYd ig? wenf;um; NyD;ajrmufrI (wefc; d dk S dk zefqif;rI)trsKd;rsKd;tvkUd iSg ([kqv\)/ pdwfukdaS;Iaqmif\ aS;InGwfap\ [lonfum; xkwefc;Si&[ef;onf dk dk d dk f qkcNhJ yD;aom tjym;\tpGr;tm;jzifh xkpwkwpsmefpwonf tbdnmOf\ tajccHjzpfvwfaomf trsKd;rsKd;taxGaxG d f d d f NyD;ajrmufrI (wefc;zefqif;rI) ukd &&eftusKd;iSg udwifjyifqifrI (y&du) pdwudk aS;Iaqmif\? uokdPf; tmkHrS dk H f zJcgap taxGaxG trsKd;rsKd; NyD;ajrmufrI (zefqif;rI)okYd aS;I apvTw\([k qkvd\)/ aS;InGwfap\ G f d k [lonfum; &tyfvwHaom NyD;ajrmufrI (zefqif;rI)okYd uki;Ii;onfudk y\([k qkv\)/ xkd (&[ef;)onf h d f d f d dk [lonfum; qkconftwki; pdwuaS;IaqmifNyD;aom xk&[ef;onf([k qkv\)/ taeu 0d[w[onfum; d hJ h d f f dk d d dk d H l rsm;aomtzkYd aom rsm;aomtjym;Saom ([k qkv\)/ 'd0"H [lonfum; NyD;ajrmufrI tzkYd udk (0g-NyD;ajrmufrI dS d d dk d trsKd;rsKd;-zefqif;rI trsKd;rsKd;uk) ([kqv\)/ ypEabmwd [lonfum; rsuarSmuf cHpm;\ 13 ]]awGU\ d dk dk k f rsuarSmufy\ a&muf\}}-um; rsuarSmufcpm;\ [laompum;\ teuf/ ,cktcg ,if;NyD;ajrmufrI (zefqif; f f H rI)\ rsm;aom tjym;Sonf\ tjzpf (rsm;jym;jcif;)ukd jyvkaomaMumifh ]]{aumyd [kwm-wyg;wnf;vnf; d d G jzpfygvsuf}} tpSaom pum;ukd rdeYf qawmfravonf/ xkpum;&yf wyg;wnf;vnf;jzpfyg vsuf [lonfum; d dk l d zefqif;jcif; wefc;ukd yonfrS aS; yuwdtm;jzifh wyg;wnf;vnf; jzpfygvsuf ([k qkv\)/ trsm;jzpf\ dk d dk [lonfum; trsm;wkYd \teD; pBuom;vkaomfif;? Gwqjdk cif;ukd yvkaomfif;? jyemukd ar;vkaomfif; G d f d d w&maomfvnf;jzpf\? waxmifaomfvnf;jzpf\/ wefc;Sif &[ef;onf tb,foYdk aomenf;jzifh okYd jzpf dk oenf;/ NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc;('d)\ 4-yg;aom bk-tqifwYdk uif;? 4-yg;aom (yg')taMumif; I dk H h dk wkYd uif;? 8-yg;aom (y') tao;pdwf taMumif;wkYd uif;? 16-yg;aom (rlv) tjrpft&if;wkYd uif; jynfpap dk dk dk h Hk Pfjzifh t"d|mefvsuf (okYd jzpfayonf)/ 381/ xkwif 4-yg;aom bk-tqifwYdk [lonfrm 4-yg;aompsmefwYdk yif-[k odtyfue\/ rSeay\? d G H h S k f f w&m;ppfoBl uD; jzpfaom tSiom&dyw&monff k ]]NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)\ 4-yg;aombkH tqifwYdk onf tb,fonfwYdk enf;/ I dk h yXrpsmefonf eD0&P uif;qdwjf cif;aMumifh jzpfaom (0da0uZ) bkaywnf;/ 'kw,psmefonf yDwoc H d d k [laom (0g) yDwocaMumifh jzpfaom bkaywnf;/ wwd,psmefonf Oayumokc[laom (0g) Oayum d k H okcaMumifh jzpfaom bkaywnf;/ pwkwpsmefonf t'kurokc[laom (0g) 'kuocr[kwonfh Oayum H k f aMumifjh zpfaom bkHaywnf;/ 4-yg;wkYd onf NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI wefc;('d)\ bktqifwYdk aywnf;? I dk H h bktqifwYdk onf NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)uk&jcif;iSg wefc; ('d)ukd tzefzef &jcif;iSg H h I dk d dk trsKd;rsKd; wefc; zefqif;jcif;iSg wefc;\ tusKd; trsKd;rsKd;ukd &jcif;iSg wefc;zefqif;rI tvktwki; dk dk dk d d f jzpfapEkijf cif;iSg wefc; zefqif;rI &J&ifjh cif;iSg jzpfue\}} [laom pum;ukd rdeYf qdk (tyf)ayonf/ d dk k f quf Si;jytH?h psmefav;yg;wkYd wif aS;psmefo;yg;wkYd udk (wefc;Sifonf) yDw\ ysUH ESUH jcif;jzifhif; f G Hk dk d okc\ ysHUESUH jcif;jzifif; psmefcsrf;omESihf ,SOonfh trSwonmokYd if; ayghyg;jcif;ESihf ,SOonfh trSwonmokYd if; h f f f f oufa&muf ayghyg;El;nHtrIcHaom uk,onfjzpf NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)okYd a&muf\? xk(okYd h h d f dS I dk d a&muf&aom)aMumifh okdYaom y&d,m,ftaMumif;jzifh NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)ukd &jcif;iSgjzpfjcif; I dk aMumifh yuwdb\ taMumif;taqmuf ttkjH zpfaom (orm&)bkwYdk [ odtyfue\/ pwkwpsmefonfum; Hk H l k f NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)ukd &jcif;iSg yuwdbHk aywnf;/ I dk 382/ 'dyg'f av;yg;wkYd udk av;yg;aom (yg') taMumif;wkYd [ odtyfue\/ rSeay\ l k f f ]]NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc;('d)\ av;yg;aom (yg')taMumif;wkYd onf tb,fonfwYdk enf;/ I dk omoemawmf &[ef;onf qE(vGeuaom) orm"d jyif;pGm tm;xkwrocFg&wkYd Eihf jynfpaom f J f I S h Hk 'dyg'fudk yGg;ap\? 0D&, (vGeuaom) orm"d/y/ pdwf (vGeuaom) orm"d/y/ 0Drom (ynmvGef d f J f J H uJaom) orm"d jyif;pGmtm;xkwrI (y"me) ocFg&wkYd Eihf jynfpaom 'dyg'fudk yGg;ap\/ av;yg; f S h Hk wkYd onf NyD;ajrmufrI zefqif;rI wefc; ('d)\ (yg') taMumif; wkYd aywnf;? (yg') taMumif;wkYd onf dk NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc;ukd &jcif;iSg/y/ wefc;zefqif;rI &J&ifjh cif;iSg jzpfue\}}[laom pum;ukd I dk dk k f qktyfayonf/ d quf zGijhf yOD;tH?h ygXf qEvQif taMumif;Saom okYd r[kwf qEveuaom orm"donf qEorm"d d G f J rnf\? trnfonf yvkjd cif;[laom (uwKurswm) qEudk tBuD;tr;y&aom orm"d\ trnfaywnf;/
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jyif;pGmtm;xkwrI jzpfueaom ocFg&wkYd onf y"meocFg& rnfue\? trnfonf udpav;yg;ukd NyD;apaom f k f k f ory"mefvUHk v\ trnfaywnf;/ jynfpaom [lonfum; qE orm"dEiif; y"meocFg&wkYd Eiif; wuGjzpfaom h Hk S hf S hf ([k qkv\)/ 'dyg' [lonfum; NyD;pD;jcif;\ y&d,m,f pum;vS,jf zpfaom (Ze|) NyD;ajrmufjcif; teuf d dk oabmaMumifh 'drnf \? wenf;um; ow0gwkYd \ BuD;yGg;jrifjh rwfaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh 'drnf\? NyD;ajrmufrI jzpfaomaMumifh (wenf;) BuD;yGg;jrifjh rwfaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh 'd rnfueaom tbdnmOfpwEihf k f d f S ,SOueaom 14 qE (vGeuaom) orm"dEihf jyif;pGmtm;xkwrocFg&wkYd \ wnf&mteuf oabmaMumifh (yg') f k f f J S f I tajccH taMumif;jzpfaom (,if;wkYd r) <uif;aom pdwapwoduf taygif;tpkonf 'dyg'f rnf\/ rSeay\ ]]'d S f f yg' [lonfum; xkd (NyD;ajrmufaom) tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpfaomol\ a0'emuEm onmuEm ocFg &uEm 0dnmuEmaywnf;}}[laom pum;ukd (0dbif;ygVd) a[mawmfrl (tyf) ayonf/ wenf;um; a&mufaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh yg'rnf\? NyD;ajrmufjcif;okYd a&mufaMumif;onf (wenf;) NyD;ajrmufjcif;\ taMumif;onf 'dyg'frnf\? trnfonf qEponfwYdk \ trnfaywnf;/ tqkdESifhtnD a[mawmfronfrml S ]]&[ef;wkYd &[ef;onf qEur orm"dudk tu,f &jim;tH?h pdw\ tmkHwckwnf; Sdonfh dk DS f tjzpf ({u*wm)ukd &jim;tH?h orm"dudk qEorm"d[ qktyf\/ xk&[ef;onf rjzpfao;aom l d d ,kwnaom tukovw&m;wkYd \ rjzpfjcif; tusKd;iSg/y/ tm;xkwvjdk cif;ukd jzpfap\ tm;xkw\ vkUH v f hH dk f f f ukd yvkytm;xkw\ jyif;pGmtm;xkw\ pdwudk cs;ajrmuf\? jyif;pGm tm;xkwrwYdk udk y"meocFg&wkYd f f f f D f I [l qkdtyfukef\/ okYd vQif qEonfif; qEorm"donfif; y"meocFg&wkYd onfif; (jzpfue\)? oabmukd qE (vGeuaom) orm"d jyif;pGm tm;xkwrI ocFg&wkYd Eihf jynfpaom 'dyg'f k f f J f S h Hk [l qktyfonf &[ef;wkYd }}[lyifwnf;/ <uif;aom 'dyg'fwYdk vnf; teufudk twlyif odtyf\/ d 383/ qEtpSdaom Spfyg;aomw&m;wkdYukd ]]Spfyg;aom a&mufaMumif; (y')wkdY}}[l odtyfuke\/ rSeay f f \? ]]NyD;ajrmufrI wefc; ('d)\ Spyg;aom a&mufaMumif; (y')wkYd onf tb,fonfwYdk enf;/ &[ef;onf qE dk f ukr orm"dudk tu,f &jim;tH?h pdw\ wtmkwnf;Sonftjzpf ({u*wm)ukd &jim;tH?h qEonf orm"d d DS f H d h r[kw?f orm"donf qE r[kw?f qEu wjcm; orm"duwjcm; jzpfonf/ &[ef;onf 0D&,ukd rS/y/ &[ef; d D onf pdwudk rS/y/ &[ef;onf (0Dromac:) ynmukd rS orm"dudk tu,f &jim;tH?h pdw\ wtmkHwnf; f D H D f Sonftjzpf ({u*wm)ukd &jim;tH?h 0Dromonf orm"d r[kw?f orm"donf 0Drom r[kw?f 0Dromuwjcm; d h H H H orm"duwjcm; jzpfonf/ Spyg;wkYd onf NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)\ tao;pdwf taMumif; (y') f I dk wkdYaywnf;? tao;pdwftaMumif;wkdYonf y;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)ukd &jcif;iSg/y/ wefc;zefqif;rI ND I dk dk &J&ifjh cif;iSg jzpfue\}}[laom pum;ukd a[mawmfrl (tyf)ayonf/ rSeay\? qE ponfwYdkwif NyD;ajrmuf k f f G rI-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)ukd jzpfapvkjd cif;[laom qEonf orm"dEiwaygif;wnf; ,SOaomfomvQif NyD;ajrmufrI dk S hf f -zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)ukd &jcif;iSg jzpfayonf/ 0D&, ponfwYdk onfvnf; xkUd twlyif/ xkUd aMumifh Spyg; dk d f aom tao;pdwf taMumif; (y')wkYd udk a[mtyfueonf[k odtyfue\/ k f k f 384/ 16-yg;aom (rlv)tjrpft&if;wkYd [l&m 16-yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh pdw\ rwkevyonf\ f f I f tjzpfudk odtyf\/ rSeay\? ]]NyD;ajrmufr('d)\ rwkevyaMumif; tjrpft&if; (rlv)wkYd onf tb,frQwkYd f I f I f ayenf;? tjrpft&if; rlvwkYd onf 16-yg;wkYd aywnf;? rnGwus-rwGeYf qwaom pdwonf ysi;&djcif;aMumifh rwkef f k f f f vIy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeO (rwkevyaomoabm)rnf\ (1)? rwuf<urysUH vGiaompdwonf ysUH vGiraMumifh f I f hf f hf I rwkevy?f xdUk aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (2)? uyfNidaomtm;jzifh rnGwaom pdwonf wyfrufrI (&m*)aMumifh f I f f rwkevy?f xkUd aMumiftmaeOrnf\ (3)? (rke;ojzifh rsuEmrvT) rzJcgaompdwonf jypfrm;rI (Asmyg')aMumifh f I h f f S J G f S rwkevy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (4)? igaumiftaejzifh rrSaompdwonf tjrifrm;rI ('d|)aMumifh rwkevy?f f I D f S d f I xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (5)? ESpoufwyfpvsuf rzGUJ tyfaompdwonf ESpoufwyfprI (qE&m*)aMumifh rwkef f JG f f JG vIy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (6)? vkcsiwyfrufrrS vGwajrmufaompdwonf umr&m*aMumifh rwkevy/ xkUd d f I f f f I f aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (7)? udavomESihf r,SOaompdwonf ylyef-npfEr;rI (udavom)aMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd f f G f f I aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (8)? udavom tyki;tjcm;uif;atmif yxm;aompdwonf udavom[laom tyki;tjcm; d f f d f aMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (9)? udavom tazmfrrS;ojzifh wckwnf; oabmwnfaom f I D pdwonf txl;xl;oabmSaom udavomaMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (10)? o'gu 15 f d f I cs;ajrmuftyfaom pdwonf r,kMH unfraMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd aMumiftmaeOrnf\ (11)? 0D&,u csD;ajrmuf D f I f I h d tyfaom pdwonf ysi;&draMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeO rnf\ (12)? owdu csD;ajrmuftyfaom f f I f I
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pdwonf arhavsmjh cif; aMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (13)? orm"du csD;ajrmuftyfaompdwonf f f I f ysUH vGiraMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (14)? ynmu cs;ajrmuftyfaom pdwonf rodr-odrm;rI hf I f I D f I S (t0dZm)aMumifh rwkevy?f xkYd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (15)? ynm tvif;a&mifEiwuGjzpfaom (0g-Sif;vif; f I S hf jywfom;pGmodaom) pdwonf t0dZmtarSmifaMumifh rwkevy?f xkUd aMumifh tmaeOrnf\ (16)/ 16-yg;wkdY f f I onf NyD;ajrmufrI ('d)\ (rlv) tjrpft&if;wkYd aywnf;? rlvwkYd onf NyD;ajrmufr-zefqif;rI-wefc; ('d)ukd I dk &jcif;iSg/y/ wefc;zefqif;rI &J&ifjh cif;iSg jzpfue\}} [laom pum;ukd a[mawmfrl (tyf) ayonf/ dk k f quf Si;jyOD;tH?h (pwkwpsmefpwonf ysif;&djcif;aMumifh rwkevy-tpSdaom) teufonf (pmrsuf f d f f I f ESm 2- jycJaom) ]]qkconftwki; pdwonf (pwkwpsmeform"djzif) wnfMunfvwfaomf}} okYd tpSaom h d hJ h d f f h d pum;jzifyifvQif NyD;pD;onfom tu,fum; rSeay\? okYd aomfvnf; yXrpsmef ponfwYdk\ 'd\ blrd yg' y' h f rlvjzpfjcif;ukd jyjcif;tusKd;iSg wzefxyf qktyfayonf/ wenf;Si;jy&vQif (qkconftwki; pdwonfwnf d f d hJ h d f f Munfvwfaomf ponfjzifh jyqkaom) aS;enf;onf okwygVd awmfwYdk vmSaomenf;aywnf;? ('d\ blrd d f d yg' y'rlvwkYd ujdk yaom) enf;onf y#dor'gr*f ygVd(vmSaom enf;aywnf;)? okYd jzpf ESpyg;aomXmewkYd d d f rawGa0jcif;tusKd;iSg (&nf,)vnf; wzefxyf qktyfayonf/ G f d 385/ Pfjzift"d|mefvsuf [l&m (qkvaom teufum;) xkqcNhJ yD;aom *kPx;wkYd Eihf jynfpaom h d dk d dk f l S h Hk wefc;Sif &[ef;onf wefc;zefqif;rI ('d)\ blrd yg' y'jzpfMuaom qkcaom w&m;wkYd udk jynfpapNyD;vQif dk dk d hJ h Hk tbdnmOf\ tajccHyg'upsmefudk 0ifpm; (xkpsmefr)x w&mukd tu,f tvkjdS im;tH?h ]]w&mjzpfv\ w&m d S d dk jzpfv\}}[k udwifyrI y&duudk yNyD;vQif wzef tbdnmOf\ tajccH yg'upsmefudk 0ifpm; (xkr)xNyD;vQif dk H d S t"d|mef\? t"d|mefyaom pdwEihf wydieufyifvQif w&mjzpf\/ waxmifponfudk t"d|mef&mwkYd vnf; f S f enf;wlyif/ tu,f qkconfh twki;rNyD;pD; rNyD;ajrmuf ao;jim;tH?h wzef y&duudk yNyD;vQif ESpBf udrajrmuf d hJ d f H f vnf; (tbdnmOf\ tajccH yg'upsmefu) 0ifpm; (xkpsmefr)x t"d|me tyf\/ rSeay\? oH,wt|uxm dk d S f k f wBudrf ESpBf udrf 0ifpm;jcif;iSg oifonf[k rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ xkoYdk yg'u psmef0ifpm;jcif; ponfudk y&m yg'u h dk d psmefpwonf y#dbm*edrwudk tmkH y\? y&duH yaompdwwYdkonf w&m waxmifudk tmkH yuke\? xkd w&m d f d f f f waxmifaom uk,wYdk uvnf; tqif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifom tmkH yuke\? ynwf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh tmkH yonf d f dk f h f f r[kw?f t"d|mefpwonfvnf; xkUd twlyif w&m waxmifudk tmkH y\? xkt"d|mef pdwonf (psmefoYdk yXrtBudrf d f d f a&mufyudk jy&m) aS;jyqkcaom tyempdwuoYdk a*gMwblpw\ tjcm;rJ lyg0p& pwkwpsmefEihf ,SOvsuf Hk d hJ f hJ d f h S f wBudrwnf;om jzpf\/ f 386/ y#dord'gr*f ]]yuwd yifutm;jzifh wyg;wnf;u w&mukaomfif;? waxmifuaomfif;? wode; dk d dk f udaomif; rsm;pGmukd qifjcif\? qifjcifNyD;vQif ]rsm;pGmjzpfv\ (rsm;pGm jzpfap)}[k Pfjzifh t"d|mef\? rsm;pGm k dk aom uk,onf jzpf\? tSif plVyefuoYdk yifwnf;}}[k tMuifpum;ukd qkxm;\? xkpum;vnf; qifjcif\ d f hJ d d [laompum;ukd y&duH yonf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh omvQif q (tyf) ayonf/ qifjcifNyD;vQif Pfjzifh t"d|mef\ dk [laom pum;ukd tbdnmOfPf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh qkd (tyf) ayonf/ xkUd aMumifh rsm;pGmaomuk,udk (y&duH f d f pdwjf zif) qifjcif\? xkraemuf xky&dupwwYdk\vnf; tqk; (tbdnmOf\ yg'utjzpfjzif) 0ifpm;\? h d S d H d f H h ormywfrS xNyD; vQif wzef ]rsm;pGmaomuk,jf zpfv\(jzpfap)}[k qifjcif xkqifjcifrI tm0Ze; pdwrS aemuf d dk d f f jzpfueaom ok;Budrf av;Budrueaom aS;tzkYd pwwYdk \ tjcm;rJ jzpfaom2 NyD;aponf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh 16 k f H f k f d f h t"d|mef[k trnf&aom wckwnf; (wBudrwnf;)aom tbdnmOfPfjzifh t"d|mef\-[l xkd y#dor'gr*f f d pum; teufudk rSwtyfayonf/ f tSipVyefuoYdk yif [laom pum;ukrl rsm;pGmaomuk,f jzpfjcif;\ uk,awGUoufaoukd jyjcif;iSg qktyf f l hJ d d d f d ayonf/ xk0wKukrl okYd jytyf\-xknaemif 2-OD;wkYd onf c&D;oGm;aepOf vrf;zGm;jrif MuaomaMumifh yEu d d d D (vrf;)[laom trnfudk &uke\? ,if;wkYd wif tBuD;onf r[myEu-r[myefrnf\? xkr[myefonf Si&[ef; f G d f y y#dord'gPfwYdk EiwuG t&[wzvoYdk a&mufvsuf &[Em jzpfawmfravonf/ &[EmjzpfNyD;aemuf nD S hf dk f l plVyEu-plVyefudk Sif yay;NyD;vQify'krH ,xm aumue'H ok*E?H ygawm od,m zkvr0Dw*E/ H t*&oH y 0da&mprmeH? wyE rm'dp rd0Evau/ d
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aumue'H-aumue'rnfaom? y'kr-y'krmMumonf? ok*EH ,xm-arT;udiaom teHYouJoYdk if;? H f dS h ygawm-eHeuf apmapm aexGufcsdef? z -yGivsuf? t0Dw*E-ruif;rjy,fao;aom teHYonf? od,m ,xmvH hf k H dS jzpf&mouJoYdkif;? ok*E-oDv,eHYponfwYdk jzifh arT;udiaom teHYawmfraom? zkv-t&[wr*fPf oAw h H f dS l H k PfwYdk jzifyivsuf bk&m;tjzpfoYdk a&mufawmfraom? t0Dw*E-ruif;rjy,faom oDvpaom teHY Sawmfraom h G hf l H d l jrwfpmbk&m;uk?d y-zl;jrifygavmh/ t*&oH-yd;yd;jyufjyuf uk,awmfrxuaom a&mufjcnfawmfronfjzpf? G d f S G f dS l 0da&mprmeH-wifw,foyg,fawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;uk?d y-zl;jrifygavmh/ tEvau-aumif;uif? tm'dpH h l G d 0-xGe;vif;awmufyaeaom aerif;BuD;uJoYdk? wyE-Pfawmf ta&mifwYdk jzifh xGe;vif; awmufyawmfraom f h H f l jrwfpmbk&m;uk?d y-zl;jrifygavmhG [laom *gxmukd oifay;avonf/ plVyefonf xkd *gxmukd av;vwkYd jzifh aMu>yefap&ef rpGr;EkiyJ f d f Savonf/ xktcg r[myefrax&fu plVyefudk ]]oifonf omoemawmf ruRwfxuaom tbAy*Kd vf d d dk f k jzpfonf}}[k qkum ausmif;awmfrS ESixwvu\/ xkpOfumv r[myefrax&fonf qGr;nTe; orKwd& yk*Kd vf d f k f dk f d f f vnf; jzpfae\? (xkYd aMumif) orm;awmf ZD0uonf r[myefrax&fxH csOf;uyf ]]eufjzefcg tSib&m; jrwfpm h f k G bk&m;ESiwuG &[ef;ig;&mwkYd udk yifaqmifc tuREkywYdk \ tdr qGr;ukd cH,l bkO;ay;awmfrMl uyg}}[k avQmuf hf h hJ f f f f f \/ r[myefrax&fuvnf; ]]plVyefudk csefxm; <uif;aom &[ef;wkYd twGuf vufcygonf}}qk vufcH vku\/ H d d f plVyefonf wHcg;rkc &yfwnfvsuf ikae\/ jrwfpmbk&m;onf 'dApuKjzifh jrifawmfrojzifh plVyefteD;okYd f d G l <uawmfr ]]tb,faMumifh ikaeoenf;}}[k ar;awmfr\/ plVyefonf xktaMumif;t&mukd avQmufMum;\/ l h d l d xktcg jrwfpmbk&m;u ]]Gwzwfo&Zm,frudk y&ef rpGr;EkiaomaMumifh ig\ omoemawmf ruRwxuaom d G f I f d f f dk f tbAy*Kd vfrnfonf rjzpfay? (plVyef) &[ef; rpk;&drvif}h }[k tm;ay;um plVyefudk vufarmif; qGuiawmfr k d f J dk f l ausmif;awmfoYdk 0ifNyD;vQif wefc;jzifh ykq;Murf;yki;ukd zefqif; ay;awmfr\? ]]a&mh &[ef; t0wfyi;ukd dk dk d f l dk f qkye,fvsuf ]&aZm[&PH &aZm[&PH (acs;ukd aqmif,wwfonfh t0wf acs;ukaqmif,wwfonft0wf)}[k f l d l h tzefwvJvJ Gwqjdk cif;ukd yaeavmh}}[k nTeMf um;awmfr\/ plVyefu xkneMf um;awmfronftwki; yaepOf xkd f l d T l h d f t0wfyi;onf rnf;npfaom tqif;Som;avonf? xktcg plVyefonf ]]t0wfuawmh xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fay dk f d G d \? t0wf tjypfrSay? pifppfrmrl tjypfonf cEmuk,\omvQif tjypfaywnf;}}[k trSwonmukd d S d f f &NyD;vQif ig;yg;aomcEmwkYd Pfudk csoGi; 0dyemukd yGg;apvsuf tEkva*gMwblPfteD;okYd a&mufap\/ f Hk xktcg jrwfpmbk&m;u a&mifjcnfawmfvwjf cif;ESiwuG atmufyg*gxmwkYd udk a[mawmfravonf/ d G T hf l &ma*g &aZm e p ye a&Pk 0kpw?d &m*awH t"d0peH &aZmwd/ {wH &ZH 0dyZ[dwm y@dwm? 0d[&Ed aw 0d*w&Z omoae/ G &ma*g-wyfpr&m*onf? &aZm-aMu;anmtnpftaMu; aywnf;/ a&Pk-jrLrIeu?dk e p ye 0kpwJG I f f d aMu;anmtnpf taMu;[k rqktyf/ &aZmwd {wH-aMu;anmtnpftaMu;[laom trnfonf? &m*-wyfprI f d f JG &m*\? t"d0peH-trnfaywnf;/ y@dwm-ynmSwYdk onf? {wH &ZH-wyfpr&m*[laom tnpftaMu;uk?d 0dyZ d JG I [dwm-y,fpeYf ue? aw-xkynmSwYdk onf? 0d*w&Z-udavomjrL tnpftaMu;uif;aom Ak'j rwfpm\? G G k f d d G omoae-omoemawmf? 0d[&E-aeMuayuke\/ d f 17 a'gaom &aZm e p ye a&Pk 0kpw?d {wH &ZH 0dyZ[dwm y@dwm? G a'goawH t"d0peH &aZmwd/
0d[&Ed aw 0d*w&Z omoae/
a'gaom-pdwq;jypfrm;rI a'goonf? &aZm-aMu;anmtnpftaMu;aywnf;/ a&Pk-jrLrIef uk?d e p ye f dk S f 0kpw-aMu;anmtnpftaMu;[k rqktyf/ &aZmwd {wH-aMu;anmtnpf taMu;[laom trnfonf? d f d f a'go-pdwq;jypfrm;rI a'go\? t"d0peH-trnfaywnf;/ y@dwm-ynmSwYdk onf? {wH &ZH-pdwq;jypfrm;rI f dk S d f dk S a'go[laom tnpftaMu;uk?d 0dyZ[dwm-y,fpeYf ue? aw-xkynmSwYdk onf? 0d*w&Z-udavom jrL G G k f d d tnpftaMu; uif;aom Ak'j rwfpm\ omoae-omoem awmf? 0d[&E-aeMuayuke\/ G d f arma[m &aZm e p ye a&Pk 0kpw?d arm[awH t"d0peH &aZmwd/ {wH &ZH 0dyZ[dwm y@dwm? 0d[&Ed aw 0d*w&Z omoae/ G
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45
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47
umrm0p&aZmwkYd aywnf;? pwkwaZm okYd r[kwf yOraZmonf lyg 0p& pwkwpsmefEi,Oaom tyempdway S hf S f f wnf;/ xkpwwYdk wif xktyemaZmpdwEiwuG jzpfaom Pfudk 'dAaomw"mwf[k odtyf\/ xktyempdwf jzpf d d f G d f S hf d onfrS aemufrm xkPft,Of usonf jzpfavawmh\/ xkPfudk tm;aumif; atmif yvkaom a,m*Donf S d d d ]]rQtwGi; toHudk Mum;vk\}}[k vufwopfrQ t&yfudk yki;jcm; yGg;aptyf\/ xkUd aemif vufEpopf f d d f S f av;opf Spopf wxGm waxmif wkucef;wGi; ausmif;OD;rsufEmpm jymom'f y&d0Pac: (ausmif;wkuBf uD; f d f f S k f d twGi;S) ausmif;0if;i,f oHCmhtm&mrfac: ausmif;wkuf qGr;cHm Zeyk'ac: rdUe,f ponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm; f d d f G f f jzifh pMum0Vmtqk;wkiatmif jzpfap? xkUd xuftvGef jzpfap yki;jcm; yki;jcm; yGg;aptyf\/ H d f d f d f ,ck jycJonftwki; 'dAaomwtbdnmOfudk &NyD;aom a,m*D&[ef;onf yg'upsmef\ tmkjH zpfaom h h d f uokP; edrwf xd&mjyefY&m t&yftwGi; wnfdS (onfvnf;) jzpfueaom toHwYdk udk wzef yg'upsmefudk r0if d f d f k f pm;rlvnf; tbdnmO Pfjzifh Mum;onfom/ okYd Mum;&mvnf; jA[mjh ynfwiatmif ckoif;pnfBuD; dk f xufpnf ponfwYdk\ toHwYdk jzifh waygif; wnf; tkwtwusufusuf qlyuaeapumrl toD;toD; yki;jcm;&ef f k f G f d f tvkygu onfum; ckoif;oH onfum; pnfBuD;oH [l yki;jcm;od&ef pGr;Ekionfomwnf;/ wGif d dS d f f d f w&yfNyD;\/
'dAaomw"mwf jyqkdcsuf NyD;\/ apawmy&d,Pf jyqkdcsuf

39 401/ apawmy&d,Pfudk jyqk&mwGif apawmy&d,Pm, [laomyk' (apawm)pdwudk (y&d,) d f f yki;jcm;wwfaomaMumifh apawmy&d,rnf\/ (apawmy&d,) pdwuyi;jcm; wwfonfjh yif (P) odwwfaom d f f dk dk f aMumifh apawmy&d,Pf rnf\? xkPftvkUd iSg-[k qkv\/ y& owmeH [lonfum; rdrucsef xm; tjcm; d d dk d dk ow0gwkYd \ ([k qkv\)/ y&yk*vmeH (wyg;aomyk*Kd vfwYdk \) [laom yk'onfvnf; y&owmeH [laomyk'f d dk f ESifh wlaomteufSd\/ (xkoYdk a[mrS em;vnfEirnf) a0ae,swkYd tvktm;jzifif; a'oemukd wifw,fapaom d dk f h d h h (a'oem0dvmo) Pfawmftvkd tm;jzifif; (owEihf yk*v=ow0gESihf yk*Kd vf) o'gxl;jcm;uGjJ ym;jcif;ukd yxm; h S ayonf/ apwom apawm [lonfum; rdr\pdwjf zifh xkd (tjcm;ow0g yk*Kd vf)wkYd \ pdwudk ([k qkv\)/ y&dp d f d dk yZmemwd [lonfum; yki;jcm; wyfrufrI (&m*)ESiwuG jzpfaom pdwponf wkYd tvkd txl;xl; tjym;jym; d f hf f tm;jzifo\ ([k qkv\)/ h d d dk xkapawmy&d,Pfudk tb,foYdk jzpfaptyfoenf; [lrl apawmy&d,Pfonf 'dApuKPf\ d tpGr;tm;jzifh NyD;ajrmufjynfp\? xk'ApuKPfonf apawmy&d,Pf\ y&duH (udwifjyifqifr) aywnf;/ f h Hk d d I xkUd aMumifh xka,m*D &[ef;onf tvif;uokP;ukd yGg;ap 'dApuKtbdnmOf jzifh olwyg;\ ESv;om; kyudk d d f Hk f rS jzpfaeaom aoG;\tqif;ukd MunfhI pdwfukd Smtyf\/ SmodEkdif ykHrSm-Tivef;0rf;omonfpwf D f h d jzpfaeaomtcg (ESv;aoG;onf) eD\ yanmifo;rSnhf (tqif;)ESihf wl\/ ESv;romonfpwf jzpfaeaomtcg Hk D Hk h d rnf;euf\ oajyoD;rSnhf (tqif;) ESiw\? rTirI; tv,ftvwfpwf jzpfaeaomtcg Munf\ ESr;qD hf l f d d f (tqif;)ESiw\/ xkUd aMumifh xka,m*D&[ef;onf ]] (eDaom) ESv;aoG;kyonf 0rf;omrI-aomredaÈ hf l d Hk f aMumifh jzpf\? (rnf;eufaom) ESv;aoG;kyonf ESv;romrI a'gredaÈaMumifh jzpf\? (Munfvifaom) Hk f Hk ESv;aoG;kyonf rTirI;-OayuaÈaMumifjh zpf\}}[l olwyg;\ ESvkH;aoG;kyftqif;udk MunfhI (olwyg;\) Hk f f d d pdwudk Smvsuf apawmy&d,Pfudk tm;Satmif ytyf\/ okdYy xkdPf tm;Sdvwfaomf tpOftwkdif; f d (wk;wuf) ESv;aoG; kyudk rMunf&yJaomfvnf; pdwwckrS pdwwckoYdk omvQif ajymif;aTUvsuf umrm0p&pdwf d Hk f h I f f tm;vk;ukif; lyg0p&pdwf tlyg 0p&pdwtm;vk;ukif; tjym;tm;jzifh odEiay\? rSeay\-aS;t|uxm H d f H d dk f f atmufygpum;ukd qkxm;ayonfd ]]tlybkH olwyg;\ pdwuovaom (tbdnmOf&) yk*Kd vfonf tb,fo\ f dk d dk l ESv;om;kyudk Munf&ao;oenf;? tb,fo\ aÈazmufjyefyudk Munf&ao;oenf;Hk f h I l Hk h I [k ar;vQif wpkH wa,muf\ (ESv;om;kyf aÈazmufjyefyu)rQ rMunfh I&awmhyg/ Hk Hk dk trSwf rSwyg;yg;aom bk (trSwrSd wpkwa,muf\) pdwudk ESv;oGi; qifjcifvQif d H f H f Hk f wqJajcmufyg;tjym;Saom pdwudk odjcif;onf apawmy&d,tbdnmOf wefc;ESijhf ynfpaom h d f dk h Hk a,m*D\ t&maywnf;/ okYd aomf ,ckqcaom (ESv;aoG;kyudk Munf Smyk) pum;onf dk hJ Hk f h H
48
(tbdnmOf) ESv;oGi;avhvmrIudk rybl;ao;aom tm;xkwcgpyk*Kd vftwGuf jzpfay Hk f f onf}}[lyif/ o&m*H 0g pdw-tpSonfwYdk avmbESiwuGjzpfaom pdwfSpfckukd o&m*pdwf wyfrufrEiwuG jzpf H d hf I S hf aom pdw[k odtyf\/ <uif;aom bkav;yg;qki&m ukovtAsmuwpdwudk 0dw&m*pdwf wyfrufruif;aom f H d f dk f f I pdw[k odtyf\/ a'gorl pdwf 2-ckEihf arm[rlpwf 2-ck[aom pdwav;ckwYdk onf (o&m*pdwf 0Dw&m* f S d l f pdw[aom pdwEpctaygif;) 'ku a&wGujf cif;odr;,ljcif;okYd ra&mufue/ tcsKdUrax&fwYdk onfum; xkpwf f l f S f k f f k f d d 4-ckwYdkuvnf; (0Dw&m*pdwtjzpfjzif) odr;,lMuuke\? ESv;romrI-a'greESihf ,SOaom (a'gorl) pdw2dk f h f f Hk f f ckonf oa'gopdwf pdwq;rI a'goESiwuGjzpfaom pdwrnf\/ bkHav;yg;qkdi&mukovf tAsmuwpdwtm;vk; f dk hf f f dk f H onf 0Dwa'gopdwf a'gouif;aom pdwrnf\/ <uif;aom tukovpwf q,fcwYdk onf 'ku a&wGujf cif;f dk f d k f odr;,ljcif;okYd ra&mufue/ tcsKdUrax&fwYdk onfum; xkpwwYdk uvnf; (0Dwa'gopdwf tjzpfjzif) odr;,lue\/ f k f d d f dk h f k f 40 oarm[H 0Dwarm[H [laom ESpy'um; avmb a'gowkYd Eihf ra&myJ oD;oefYenf;tm;jzifh f k f S 0dpupmESihf O'pEihf ,SOaom (arm[rl) pdwf 2-ckonfomvQif (oarm[pdw) arm[ESiwuGjzpfaom pdwf d d S f f hf rnf\/ okYd aomfvnf; arm[onf tvk;pkaom tukovpwwYdk jzpfaomaMumifh tukovpwf 12-yg;vk;ukyif H H dk f d f dk f d H d oarm[pdw[k odtyfay\/ <uif;aom (ukovf tAsmuw) pdwonf 0Dwarm[pdwf arm[ uif;aom pdwf f dk f rnf\/ xderd'oYdk tpOfvu jzpfaom (ysif;&davsmh vsnf;aom) pdwonf oHcwpwf usKUH aompdw-wGeYf qwf dk f f d d f k aom pdwrnf\/ ysHUvGir-O'poYdk tpOfvu jzpfaom pdwonf 0duwpwf ysUH vGiaompdwrnf\/ lyg0p& f hf I dk f f d d hf f pdwf tlyg0p&pdwonf r[*Kwfpwrnf\/ t<uif;onf tr[*Kwfpwf r[*Kwf r[kwaompdwrnf\/ f d f d f f umrly-tly[laom bko;yg;qki&m pdwtm;vk;onf oOw&pdwf olUxuftvGetjrwfaom pdwrnf\/ H Hk d f f H f dS f avmukw&m pdwonf tEkw&pdwf olUxuftvGetjrwf rSaom pdwrnf\/ OypmokYd a&mufaompdwf tyemokYd f f d f a&mufaom pdwonf orm[dwpdwf wnfMunfaompdwrnf\/ Oypm tyem 2-yg;vk;okYd ra&mufaompdwonf f f H f orm[dwpdwf rwnfMunfaom pdwrnf\/ w'*Ftm;jzifh vGwjf cif; 0duretm;jzifh orkap'tm;jzifh y#dy'd f tm;jzifh ed&Ptm;jzifvwjf cif;okYd a&mufaompdwonf 0drwpwf vGwaompdwrnf\/ qkconfvwjf cif; h G f k d f f d hJ h G ig;yg;okYd ra&mufaompdwonf t0drwpwf rvGwaompdwrnf\-[l odtyf\/ qkconftwki; apawm f k d f f d hJ h d f y&d, tbdnmOf&aom &[ef;onf (o&m*ponftm;jzif) tvk;pkaom tjym;Saom &m*ESiwuGjzpfaom h H H d hf pdwuvnf; &m*ESiwuGjzpfaom pdw[k tjym;tm;jzifo\/y/ rvGwaompdwuvnf; rvGwaompdw[k f dk hf f h d f f dk f f tjym;tm;jzifo\/ wGif w&yfNyD;\/ h d
apawmy&d,Pf jyqkdcsuf NyD;\/ ykaAed0goPf jyqkdcsuf

402/ ykaAe0gomEkwdPf jyqk&m ykaAe0gomEkwdPm, [lonfum; aS; aebl;aom cEm d d d wkYd udk atmufarh&m tMuifPfonf jzpf\? xkPftusKd;iSg ([k qkv\)/ aS;twdwb0wkYd aebl; (jzpfb;) d d dk f l aom cEmwkYd onf ykaAe0go rnf\/ ed0waebl;[lonfum; (rdru,tjzpfjzif) odr;yku aecJb;ukeaom d k d dk f h f d f h l f cHpm;cJb;ukeaom rdr\oEmef jzpfay:MuNyD; csKyfavukeNf yD;aom w&m;wkYd aywnf;? wenf;um; aetyfcb; h l f d hJ l ukeaom w&m;wkYd onf ed0w (ed0go) rnfue\? usufpm;&mtmkH [laom aejcif; (tmkH yjcif;)jzifh aetyf f k k f (tmkH ytyf) ukeaom rdr\pdw0nmOfjzifotyfNyD; yki;jcm;tyfNyD;jzpfueaom w&m;wkYd onf (ed0w rnfue\?) f d f d h d d f k f k k f oHo&mc&D;jywfNyD;aom bk&m; &[EmwkYd udk jyefvnfatmufarhjcif; ponfwYdk olwyg;wkYd \ pdw0nmOfjzifh odtyf f d aom w&m;wkYd onfrvnf; (ed0wrnfue\)/ xkdolwyg;wkdY\ pdw0nmOfjzifh odtyfaom w&m;wkYd udk Ak'j rwfpm l k k f f d G bk&m;wkYd onfomvQif &uke-atmufarhEiue\/ tMuifowdjzifh aS;aebl;aom cEmtpOfudk atmufarh\f dk f k f trSw&\? xkowdonf ykaAe0gomEkwd rnf\/ xkowdEi,Oaom todPfonf ykaAe0gomEkwd f d d d S hf S f d Pfrnf\/ xkyaAe0gomEkwdPf tusKd;iSg-xkPfu&&eftvkYd ig-um; ykaAe0gomEkwdPm,d k d d dk S d yk'\ teufaywnf;/ f taeu0d[wH [lonfum; rsm;aomtjym;Saom? wenf;um;rsm;aom tjym;wkYd jzifa[mtyf-csUJ jy d d h tyfaom ([kqv\) ykaAe0goH [lonfum; tjcm;rJh twdwb0rSp xkxdk aS;aS;b0wkYd aecJb;aom cEm dk dk d f d h l tpOfudk ([k qkv\)/ tEk&wd [lonfum; cEmtpOf\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; pkwy#doaE\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; d dk f h d f h
49
tpOfvkdufvkduf atmufarh\-qifjcif\/ atmufarhqifjcifyucsJU jy&vQif ykaAe0goukd (1) omoemy Hk dk d &aoh (wdw)rsm;? (2) yuwdom0ursm;? (3) r[mom0u rsm;? (4) t*om0ursm;? (5) yapuAk'grsm;? (6) d ormorK'b&m;Sirsm;[laom 6-rsKd;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk onf atmufarhEiue\/ k f dk f k f 41 xkwif omoemy&aoh (wdw)wkYd onf uygav;q,fomvQif atmufarh Ekiue\? xkUd xuf tvGef d G d d f k f ratmufarhEiue/ tb,faMumifenf;? ynmtm;enf;aomaMumifaywnf;? rSeay\-xkd wdwwYdk rm emrfyudk dk f k f h h h f d S k f yki;jcm;odaom Pfuif;aomaMumifh ynmtm;enf;\/ yuwdom0uwkYd onf ynmtm;aumif;aomaMumifh uyg d f w&maomfvnf; uygwaxmifaomfvnf; atmufarhEiueonfomwnf;/ Spusyaom r[mom0uwkYd onf uyg dk f k f f d f wode;wkiatmif atmufarhEiue\/ ESpyg;aom t*om0uwkYd onf uygaygif; wpfoacsFEihf wode;wkiatmif f d f dk f k f f S f d f atmufarhEiue\/ yapuAk'gwkYd onf uygaygif; ESpoacsFEiwode;wkiatmif atmufarhEiue\/ taMumif; dk f k f f S hf f d f dk f k f rlum; xkr[mom0uponfwYdk rm qkawmif; yg&rDjznfc&mumvonf uygwode;ponf rQomtwki;tSnf d S h hJ f d f SaomaMumifaywnf;/ ormorK'b&m; SiwYdk rmrl uygtyki; tjcm;rSay? (tvkwi; atmufarhEiMf uay\)/ d h k f S d f d d dS dk f dk xkrwyg; wdwwYdk onf cEmtpOfuomvQif (avQmuf) atmufarhEiue\? cEmtpOfuvw pkwy#d d S d dk dk f k f dk T f d oaE tvktm;jzifh atmufarh&ef rpGr;Ekiue/ Oyrmjzifjh y&vQif oluef;wkYd rm (rdrwYdk tvkv) tvk&m t&yfoYdk d f d f k f S d d dk d dS oGm;a&mufEijf cif; rSouJoYdk xkwwwYdk rm tvk&mukd ckeausmf atmufarhEijf cif; rSay? pifppftm;jzifh dk d h d d d S d dS f dk d oluef;wkYd onf 'kwawmifa0S;ukd rvTwMf urlomvQif oGm;ukeouJoYdk xkUd twlyif xkwwwYdk onf cEmwkYd \ f f h d d d tpOfudk rvTwMf urlomvQif atmufarhEiue\/ yuwdom0uwkYd onf cEmwkYd \ tpOftm;jzifvnf; atmufarh dk f k f h Ekiue\? pkwEihf y#doaEtvktm;jzifvnf; ajymif;aTU( atmufarh)Ekiue\/ Spusdyaom r[mom0uwkYd d f k f d S d h d f k f f f onfvnf; xkUd twlyif/ ESpyg;aom t*om0uwkYd rmrl cEmtpOfjzifh yzG,up rSNd yD? wckaom b0\ pkwudk f S f d d jrifNyD;vQif y#doaEudk jrifue\? wzef tjcm;b0\ pkwudk jrifNyD;vQif y#doaEudk jrifue\? wzeftjcm;b0\ k f d k f pkwudk jrifNyD;vQif y#doaEudk jrifue\-okYd pkwEihf y#doaE tvktm;jzifomvQif ajymif;aTUvsuf atmufarh d k f d S d h oGm;uke\/ yapuAk'gwkYd onf xkUd twlyif/ f ormorK'b&m;SiwYdk rmrlum; cEmtpOfjzifh yzG,upvnf;rS?d pkwEiy#doaEtvktm;jzifh ajymif;aTU k f S f d d S hf d qifjcifz,f vnf;rS?d rSeay\-xkb&m;SiwYdk rm rsm;pGmaom uyguka#wkYd 0,f atmufjzpfap txuf jzpfap G f d k f S tvk&m&m Xmeonf xifm;onfomwnf;/ xkUd aMumifh rsm;pGmukeaom uyguka#wkYd uaomfvnf; ay,smv d dS S f dk (jrKyfxm;aom) ygVduuoYdk csKH; xkxtvk&m tvk&momvQif (Pfjzif) oufa&mufuevsuf jcaoFceom; dk hJ d dk d dS d dS h k f h k f G ykuoYdk aom oGm;yktm;jzifh atmufarhom;uke\? okYd atmufarhom;ukeaom bk&m;SiwYdk \ Pfawmfonf H hJ H G f G f f Oyrmtm;jzifh om;NrD;rQiudk xdrwatmifypfEionfh av;twwf tavhtusifh yNyD;aom bk&m;tavmif;awmf f S f dk f o&b*FynmSEihf tvm;wlaom av;orm;\ ypfvuaom jrm;onf tMum; opfyif EG,ponfwYk rNidruyf d S dk f f d rl ypfui;rSewiom usa&mufxreouJoYdk tMum; Niduyfaejcif; acsmfvom;jcif; rSouJoYdk xkUd twlyif G f f dk f d S f h JG G d h tMum;tMum; b0wkYd rNiduyf? racsmfvay? rNiduyf racsmfvr tvk&m tvk&mXmeukomvQif ,lEiay\ JG JG l d dS d dS d dk f (atmufarhEif odEiay\)/ dk dk f xkrwyg; aS;aebl;onfh cEmtpOfudk atmufarhMuaom yk*Kd vfwYdk wif wdwwYdk \ ykaAe0goukd d S G d d jrifjcif;onf yk;pk;MuL; ta&mifEihf wlonfjzpf xif\/ yuwdom0uwkYd \ (tjrifonf) qDr; a&mifEiwonf d H S D S hf l jzpf xif\/ r[m om0uwkYd \ (tjrifonf) rD;;wefaqmifta&mifEihf wlonfjzpf xif\? t*om0uwkYd \ S (tjrifonf) aomuf;Mu,fa&mifEihf wlonfjzpf xif\/ yapuAk'gwkdY\ (tjrifonf) va&mifEiwonfjzpf S S hf l xif\/ jrwfpmbk&m;wkYd \ (ykaAe0gotjrifonf) a&mifjcnfwaxmifwYdkjzifh wefqmqiftyfaom o&'Owk G d ae0ef;ESiwonfjzpf xifay\/ hf l 42 xkdrSwyg; wdwdwkdY\ ykaAe0goukd atmufarhjcif;onf oluef;wkYd \ awmifa0S;pGe;jzifh (axmuf d f prf;) oGm;jcif;ESiw\/ yuwdom0uwkYd \ (atmufarhjcif;onf) wckaom opfw;jzifcif;xm;aom acsmif;i,f hf l Hk h wHwm;ukom;jcif;ESihf wl\/ r[mom0uwkYd \ (atmufarhjcif;onf) vl av;ig;a,muf oGm;avmufonfh ysOfcif; d G wHwm;ukd oGm;jcif;ESiw\/ t*om0uwkYd \ (atmufarhjcif;onf) vSn;vrf;wHwm;ukd oGm;jcif;ESiw\/ hf l f hf l yapuAk'gwkYd \ (atmufarhjcif;onf) ukeonfvtrsm; oGm;&m vrf;rBuD;ukd oGm;jcif;ESiw\/ Ak'-jrwfpmbk&m; f l hf l G wkYd \ (atmufarhjcif;onf) vSn;tpD;ESpq,fo;q,f wydieuf oGm;avmufonfh vSn;vrf;rBuD;ukd oGm;jcif; f f Hk f f ESiw\/ hf l
50
t&mrlum; om0uwkYd \ykaAe0goPfudk qkv\? xkUd aMumifh ]]tEk&wd [lonfum; cEmtpOf\ d d dk tpGr;tm;jzifif; pkwy#doaE tpGr;tm;jzifif; tpOfvu vku atmufarh\-qifjcif\}}[kziqcayonf/ f h d f h dk f d f G hf dk hJ 403/ xkUd aMumifh okYd atmufarhjcif;iSg tvkaom tm;xkwcgp a,m*D&[ef;onf qGr;pm;NyD;csde d dS f f f qGr;pm;&mrS zJcgcJNh yD;vQif qdwNf idr&mokYd uyfa&mufvsuf tjyifytmkrsm;rSzcgum (ur|mef;)aumif;pGm uyfNid f G f H J G onfjzpf tpOftwki; av;yg;aom psmefwYdk udk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif tbdnmOf\ tajccH pwkwpsmefrS x aemufq; d f Hk jzpfaom xkiaejcif;ukd ESv;oGi; qifjciftyf\/ xkUd aemif xkibUdk ae&mcif;jcif;uk?d ausmif;cef;okYd 0ifcjhJ cif;uk?d d f Hk f d f oydwouFe;odr;xm;cJjh cif;uk?d qGr;pm;cJonfh tcsdeumvuk?d qGr;cHmrS jyefvmcJaomumvuk?d Gm qGr;cH f f f f h f f G h f vSncaom umvuk?d GmokYd qGr;cH&ef 0ifcaom umvuk?d ausmif;rS xGucaomumvuk?d apwD,ifjyif aAm"d hf hJ f hJ f hJ ,ifjyif Sc;cJaom umvuk?d oydwf a&usif; aq;cJaom umvukd oydwudk ,lcaomumvrS rsufEmopfonf d dk h h f hJ S wkiatmif ycJaom udpu?dk rk;aomufumv ycJaomudpu?dk oefaumif,mrf ycJaomudpu?dk nOfO;,mrf d f h d h h h D ycJaomudpudk okYd aemufjyeftpOfjzifh wnOfv; waeYv; ycJaomudpudk ESv;oGi;-qifjciftyf\/ rQukdrl h h Hk Hk h Hk f yuwdpwotm;vnf; xifm; ay\? y&duorm"dpwaom oltm;rl tvGeyif xifm;onfomwnf;/ d f dS l S H d f dS f S tu,f qkcaomudpwYdk wif wpkwckonf rxifm;yJjdS im;tH?h wzef yg'upsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD; (xkr) d hJ G H S d S x ESv;oGi;-qifjciftyf\/ rQjzifh (arSmifx) rD;xGe;vkuouJoYdk xifm;avawmhonf/ qkconfh Hk f J f d f h S d hJ aemufjyef tpOfjzifyifvQif 'kw,aeYvnf; (ESv;oGi;qifjciftyf\)? wwd, pwkw yOraeYvnf;? q,f&uf h d Hk f ajrmufaeYvnf;? (vGecaom) vcGvnf;? wvvnf; wESpwiatmifvnf; ycJaomudpudk ESv;oGi;-qifjcif f hJ J f dk f h Hk f tyf\/ enf;jzifyifvQif q,fEpwYdk ywfv; tESpEpf q,fwYdk ywfv; okYd ponfjzifh b0 rdr\ y#doaE h S f Hk f S Hk d umvwkiatmif ESv;oGi;-qifjcifNyD;vQif aS;b00,f pkwcP jzpfcaom emrfyudk ESv;oGi;-qifjciftyf\/ d f Hk f d hJ k f Hk f ynmxufaom&[ef;onf yXrtBudrjf zifyifvQif y#doaEucgvSp pkwcP emrfyudk tmkH yjcif;iSg pGr;Ekif h dk G f d k f f d ay\/ okYd aomfvnf; aS;b0 emrfyonf t<uif;rJcsKyfcNhJ yD;jzpfonfjh yif (,ckb0) uHtopfaMumifh tjcm; k f h emrfyf jzpfay:aeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh xkaS;b0 pkwXmeonf xlxpmzk;uG,f ydwavSmifxm;onfh t&yfozG,jf zpf k d d J G H f \ trkuarSmiftwduoYdk jzpf\ ynmtm;enf;olonf jrifEic\/ okUd aomf xkoUdk aom yk*Kd vfonfvnf; 43 d f hJ dk f J d ]]y#doaEudk cGgvSp (aS;b0) pkwcP jzpfcaom emrfyudk tmkH yjcif;iSg igrpGr;Eki}f }[k 0efcsjcif;-vuf f d hJ k f f d ajrmufjcif;ukd rytyf? xkyg'psmefuyifvQif tzefwvJvJ 0ifpm;tyf\? xkpsmefrvnf; x x xkpwXmeukd d dk d S d k d ESv;oGi;-qifjciftyf\/ Hk f tusKd;um; okYd yaom yk*Kd vfonf Oyrmtm;jzifh tm;aumif;aom a,musm;onf jymom'faqmif tdr\ f f txGwtzl;tvkUd iSg BuD;pGmaomopfyifudk jzwfvwfaomf tuki;tcuf tGuwYdk udk jzwfrQ jzifyifvQif ykqeom; f d f f Hk h d f G ysup;cRw,i;oGm;ojzifh yifv;BuD;ukd jzwf&ef rpGr;Ekiaomfvnf; 0efcsvufajrmufjcif;ukd ryrlomvQif yef;bJ f D f G f Hk f d f koYdkom;um ykqeudk xufatmifyapNyD;vQif wzef jyefvm jzwf&mouJoYdk? wzef ysup; cRw,i;jyefvQif H G d f h f D f G f vnf; xkUd twlyif wzef vnf;yjyifap jzwf&mouJoYdk? okYd jzwfaom xka,musm;onf jzwfNyD; jzwfNyD;ukd h d f wzefjzwfz,f rSjd cif;aMumifif; rjywfao;onfuvnf; (tzefzef) jzwfjcif;aMumifif; rMumrDyif opfyifBuD;ukd G h dk h vJusap&mouJoYdk twlyif yg'upsmefrx aS; ESv;oGi;-qifjcifNyD;ukd rqifjcifawmhyJ y#doaEuomvQif h S Hk f dk qifjcifonfjzpf rMumrDyif y#doaEudk cGgvSp pkwcP jzpfcaom emrfyudk tmkH yEki&m\/ xif;cGol f d hJ k f d f J qHyifudk y,fcsol (acgif;&dwo) tpSaom OyrmwkYd jzifvnf; qkcaom teufudk jytyfao;\/ f l d h d hJ qkcaom xkpum;xJ aemufq; xkiaejcif;rSp y#doaEwiatmif tmkH y jzpfaomPfonf d hJ d Hk d f dk f ykaAe0goPfr[kwao;ay? ,if;Pfonfum; y&duH orm"dEi,OaomPf rnfay\/ twDwHo (twdwf d f S hf S f tzkYd jzpfaom) Pf[vnf; ({au) tcsKdUq&mwkYd u qkMd u\/ xk{auq&mwkYd \ pum;onf lyg0p&Pfudk l d &nf qkygrl roifay/ tMuiftcgrl xka,m*D&[ef;rSm y#doaEuausmfve pkwcPjzpfaom emrfyudk d h d dk G f d k f tmkH yvsuf raem'Gg&m0Ze;ac: ESv;oGi; qifjcifpwonf jzpfay: \? xkpwcsKyfvwfaomf xkpwemrfyuyif f Hk f d f d d f d k d k f dk tmkH y av;Budrf ig;Budraom aZmwkYd onf jzpfay:uke\? ,if; av;Budrf ig;BudrwYdk wif aS;qkcNhJ yD;aom f f f G d enf;jzifyifvQif aS; (ok;av;Budraom) aZmwkYd onf y&duponf trnfueaom umrm0p&aZmwkYd aywnf;/ h H f H dS k f aemufq; (pwkw yOr) aZmonf lyg0p& pwkwpsmefEihf ,SOaom tyem pdwaywnf;/ xktcg xk&[ef;rSm Hk S f f d d xktyempdwEiwuG tMuifPfonf jzpfay:\? Pfonf ykaAe0gomEkwdPf rnf\/ xkd PfESifh d f S hf d ,SOaom owdjzifh rsm;aomtjym;Saom aS; aecJb;onfh cEmtpOfudk tpOfvu atmufarhEi\/ f d h l dk f dk f
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xkcEmtpOfum; tb,fenf;[lr?l b0wckuvnf; (atmufarh\) b0ESpcwYdk uvnf; b0ok;ckwYdk uvnf; d dk f k dk H dk b0av;ckwYdk uvnf; b0ig;ckwYdk uvnf ; b0q,fcwYdkuvnf; b0ESpq,fuvnf; b0ok;q,fuvnf; b0 dk dk k dk f dk H dk av;q,fuvnf; b0ig;q,fuvnf; b0w&mukvnf; b0waxmifuvnf; b0wode;ukvnf; oH0uyf dk dk d dk f d rsm;pGmwkYd uvnf; 0d0uyfrsm;pGmwkYd uvnf; oH0 0d0uyfrsm;pGmwkYd uvnf; (atmufarh\)? ]]rnfaom b0 dk dk dk igonf okdYaom trnfSdcJh\ okdYaom tEG,fSdcJh\ okdYaomtqif;SdcJh\ okdYaom tpmSdcJh\ okYd aom csr;om qif;&Judk cHpm;cJ\ okYd aom touftyki;tjcm; Sc\? xkigonf ,if;b0rS pkawcJ rnfaom f h d f d hJ d h b0 jzpfcjhJ yefonf? xkb0vnf; okYd aom trnfc\/ y/ okdYaom touftyki;tjcm; Sc\? okYd d dS hJ d f d hJ (tqif; paom) tjcif;t&mESiwuG nTejf yp&m (trnf tEG,)ESiwuG rsm;aom tjym;Saom aS; aecJb;aom hf f hf d h l cEmtpOfudk tpOfvu atmufarhEi\/ dk f dk f 404/ xkpum;&yf b0wckuvnf; [lonfum; y#doaErSppkwd tqkH;Sdaom wckaomb0 twGi; d dk f 0ifaom cEmtpOfwckuvnf; ([k qkv\)/ b0ESpcwYdk uvnf; ponfwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif odtyf\/ oH0 dk d dk f k dk uyfrsm;pGmwkYd uvnf; ponfwYdk qkw,wf ysup;aeaom uyfumvonf oH0uyfrnf\? wk;yGg;jzpfxe; dk f k f D d G f aeaom uyfumvonf 0d0uyfrnf\-[k odtyf\/ xkwif oH0uyfjzifh 44 (ysufp;NyD;aemuf [if;vif;jyif d G D jzpfvsuf wnfaeaom) oH0|m,Duyfudk ,ltyf\? taMumif;rlum;-xko0uyfvQif t&if;cH SaomaMumifh d H d aywnf;/ 0d0uyfjzifvnf; (jzpfxe;NyD;aemuf urmBuD;wnf aeaom) 0d0|m,Duyfudk ,ltyf\/ okdY,lvQifh G f ]]&[ef;wkdY toacsF,s uyfwYdk onf av;yg;wkYd aywnf;? tb,fav;yg;wkYd enf;/ oH0uyf oH0|m ,Duyf 0d0uyf 0d0|m,Duyf av;yg;wkYd aywnf;}}[k a[mxm;aom toacsF,suyf wkYd udk t<uif;rJh odr;,l f tyfNyD; jzpfayawmhonf/ xkuyfav;yg;wkYd wif oH0ac: ysufuyfwYdk onf (1) rD;jzifysuaom (awaZmoH0) uyf? (2) a&jzifh ysuf d G h f aom (tmaygoH0)uyf? (3) avjzifysufaom(0ga,moH0)uyf[ ok;yg;Sue\/ oH0oDrmac: ysu&m e,f h l H d k f f qk;wkYd onf tmb&mbkH okbudPmbkH a0[yKd vfb[ ok;yg;wkYd yif/ H S Hk l H urmonf rD;jzifysuaomtcg tmb&mbkrS atmufzuf rD;avmif ysufp;\ (tmb&mbkum; h f H D H rysuf)/ a&jzifysufaomtcg okbudPmbkrS atmufzuf a&jzifh a<urGysufp;\ (okbudPmbkum; rysuf)/ h S H D S H avjzifh ysufp;aomtcg a0[yKd vfbatmufzuf avjzifh ysufp;\ (a0[yKd vfbum; rysuf)/ ab;ywf0ef;usif D Hk D Hk tus,ftjyefYtm;jzifrl ysuaom tcgwki;yif (pMum0Vm uka#wode;[laom) Ak'acwf wckv; ysup;\/ h f d f f Hk f D Ak'acwf rnfonfrm (1) Zmwdacwf? (2) tmPmacwf (3) 0do,acwf[ ok;yg; tjym;S\/ xkdwGif S l H d Zmwdacwfonf pMum0Vmwaomif; tyki;tjcm;S\? ,if;Zmwdacwfonf yprb0du bk&m;tavmif;awmf d f d d y#doaE ,laomtcg ponfwYdk wkevy\/ tmPmacwfonf pMum0Vm uka#wode; tyki;tjcm;S\? f I f f d f d ,if;tmPmacwf &weokwy&dwf cEy&dwf "Z*y&dwf tm#mem#d,y&dwf arm&y&dw[aom y&dwawmfwYdk\ f f l f tmEkabmfonf jzpfay\/ 0do,acwfonf tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSay? ,if; 0do,acwfudk ]]tMuifrQavmuf H d f d tvkvQif xkrQavmuftoHjzifh odapEki\}}[k rdeYf qawmfrl (tyf)ayonf/ ,if; 0do,acwf jrwfpmbk&m;onf d dS d d f dk G tMuif tMuif t&mukd tvk\? xkxt&mukd odawmfrEiay\/ ,ck jyqkcaom ok;yg;aom Ak'acwfwYdk wif d dS d dk l dk f d hJ H G wckaom tmPmacwfonf ysufp;\? xktmPmacwf ysufp;vQif (xk twGi;0ifaom) Zmwdacwfvnf; ysufp; D d D d f D awmhonfom/ ysufp;vQifvnf; waygif;wnf;yif ysufp;\? wnfvQifvnf; waygif;wnf;yif wnf\/ xkduyf D D urm\ ysufp;jcif; wnfjcif;ukd qkvwHtwki; odtyf\/ D d h d f
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55
49 xkoYdk jzpfay:aomtcgrde;ronf a,musfm;ukd a,musfm;onfvnf; rde;rukd Munf; MunfpOfxuf d f f h dk h Mumjrifpm wpdrprp;pkuMunf\? xkoYdk wpdrprhf Mumjrifpm pl;pku MunfjI cif;aMumifh xkre;r a,musfm;wkYd h G hf d hf l d f h I d hf d h G d f h d d f rSm umr&m*ylyefrI jzpfay:vm\? xkoYdkjzpfay:vmaomaMumifh arxketrIudk yusiue\? (to'r) oljrwfw&m; d f hf k f r[kwonfh arxketrIudk rS0jJ cif;[laom taMumif;aMumifh xkowYdk udk ynmSwYdk u uJ&UJ uke\? (ajrrIeYfjym EGm;acs; f f D d l d h f wkYd jzifyufuef aygufuevsuf) nO;qJue\? xkUd aMumifh xkto'rudk zk;uG,&eftwGuf tdrwYdk udk aqmufvyf h k k f f k f d H f f k uke\/ xkvwYdk onf tdraeukevsuf tpOftwki; (Mumjrifaomtcg) ysif;&doow0g wa,muf\ yrlyudk f d l f f d f h l Hk twkvu okr;odr;qnf;jcif;ukd yuke\/ xktcgrSp zGEonfif; zGMJ urf;onfif; oav;qefudk ajr;,Suf dk f d DS f f d J k \? &dwNf yD;t&yfvnf; jyef raygufa&mufvmawmhay/ xkvwYdk onf pnf;a0;uke nnf;lue\ ]]tcsif;wkYd ,kwrmaomw&m;wkYd onf ow0gwkYd jzpfay:vm d l f k f f Muukepwum;? igwkYd onf aS;tcgu (Oyygwfy#doaEvsuf) pdwjf zifh NyD;cJue\ (tpmr pm;&yJ) yDwvQif f G dS h k f d tpmSdcJhukef\}} okYd ponfudk t*nokw a[mxm;aomenf;jzifh csJU odtyf\/ xkraemuf oav;cif; f d S tydi;tjcm;ukd xm;uke\/ xktcg wa,mufaomow0gonf tjcm;ol\ oav;cif;rS oav;ukd ck;,l\? xkd k f f d d ck;,laom oludk ESpBf udrwiwif Mudr;armif; ajymqkMd u ok;Budrajrmuf (ck;aomtcg) vufwYdk jzifif; cJwYdk jzifh d f dk f dk f H f d h if; 'kwwYdk jzifif; ykwcwfuEuue\/ xkvwYdk onf okYd ck;,ljcif; uJ&UJ Iwcsjcif; vdrajymjcif; 'kwf f h f dk f S f k f d l d h f f vufeuf pGuijf cif;wkYd jzpfay:Muaomtcg pnf;a0;MuNyD;vQif ]]tcsif;wkYd ? igwkYd onf wOD;aom ow0gukd J dk (tBuD;tr;tjzpf) orkwxm;Mu&vQif aumif;ayvdrrnf? ,if; orkwxm;onfh ow0gonf igwkYd xu oifavsmf f hf f J h rSeuefpm Iwcsoifoudk Iwcs&m\? uJ&UJ oifoudk uJ&UJ &m\? ESixwoifoudk ESixw&m\? igwkYd url f G f h l f h h l h f k f h l f k f xktBuD;tr;jzpfotm; oav;pyg;wkYd \ (q,fywykaom) tzkYd udk ay;qufuet}hH }[k BuHpnfaqG;aEG;Muuke\/ d l Hk H k f f okYd BuHpnf aqG;aEG;qk;jzwfjcif;ukd yMuNyD;aom xkow0gwkYd wif aS;OD;pGm uyfurm bk&m; H d G tavmif;awmfjzpfaom bke;uHBuD;ol tSionfyifvQif xkpOfumvu SMd uonfh xkow0gwkYd wif tqif; f f d d G tvSq; Icsifz,f taumif;qk;jzpfonfjh yif tNcHt&Hrsm; bke;uH tBuD;rm;qk;vnf;jzpf\ todPf ynmESihf Hk G H f H jynfp ESycsrI csD;ajrmufrudk y&efpr;Ekiay\/ (xkYd aMumif) xkvow0gwkYd onf xkb&m;tavmif;xH csOf;uyf h Hk d f I G f d f h d l d k MuNyD;vQif awmif;yef (tBuD;tr;tjzpf) orkwMf uuke\/ xkb&m;avmif;awmfonf xkrsm;pGmaom vltaygif;u f d k d orkwtyfaomaMumifh r[morw rnfay\? v,fwYdk \ tSijf zpfaomaMumifh cw,rnfay\? w&m;Oya'ESinD f d hf pGm wki;om;jynfol wyg;aomvlwYdkudk csr;omESporapwwfaomaMumifh &mZm-rif; rnfay\? okYd ok;ck d f f f d hf H aom trnfemrwkYd jzifh xifm;cJavonf/ rSeay\-avmu tMuifthH zG,Xmeonfjzpfc\? xktz,Xme S h f f hJ d hH G f bk&m;tavmif;awmfonfomvQif tpqk;yk*Kd vf jzpf\? xkUd aMumifh ,ckjycJonftwdi; bk&m;tavmif;awmfudk H h h k f tptOD; yk*Kd vfy cwd,ac:rif;rsKd; todut0ef; wnfNyD;aemuf tpOftm;jzifh jAm[P-ykPm; tpSdaom k f trsKd;wkYd onf jzpfay:Mu wnfMuuke\/ f xkoYdk urmysu&m wnf&mwGif urmysufr;BuD; Gmonfrp rD;vQHjywfponfwiatmif wckaom d f dk S J dk f toacsF,suyfudk oH0uyf[k ac:qktyf\/ d 50 urmukd ysuapaom rD;vQjH ywfponfrp uka#wode;aom pMu0VmwkYd udk jynfapvsuf jynfpap f J S f h h Hk onfh urmyrk;BuD;Gmonfwiatmif ESpcajrmufjzpfaom toacsF,suyfudk oH0|m,D[k ac:qktyf\/ d dk f f k d jynfpapaom urmyrk;BuD; Gmonfrp v-aewkYd xifm;jzpfay:vmonfwiatmif ok;ckajrmuf h Hk d S S dk f H jzpfaom toacsF,suyfudk 0d0uyf[k ac:qktyf\/ d v-aewkYd xifm; jzpfay:vmonfrp wzef urmysufr;BuD;Gmonfwiatmif av;ckajrmuf jzpfaom S S dk dk f toacsF,suyfudk 0d0|m,D[k ac:qktyf\? av;ckaom toacs,suyfwYdkonf wckaom r[muyf (r[m d F urmBuD;wck) jzpf \/ ,ck jyqkconftwki; aS;OD;pGm rD;jzifh urmysufjcif;ukif;? urmjyefvnf wnfjcif;ukif; d hJ h d f d d odtyf\/
56
a&jzifh urmysufykH
407/ xkrwyg; tMuiftcg urmonf a&jzifysuf\? xktcg (ysufcgeD;) tpuyifvQif urmysuf d S h d rk;BuD;onf wufNyD;vQif okYd ponfudk aS; qkcNhJ yD;aomenf;jzifyifcsJU odtyf\/ ,ckjyqkrnfh tjcif;t&m d d h d um; txl;aywnf;? xkr;jzifysuaomurm 'kw,ae0ef; ay:xGe;ouJoYdk xkUd twl a&jzifysufaom urm d D h f d f h h urmukysufapwwfaom a&iefr;BuD;onf GmoGe;\? ,if;rk;BuD;onf tp ao;ao;i,fi,f rk;a&aygufudk Gm d dk f d d oGe;vsuf tpOftwki;wk;wk; BuD;pGmaomrd;ayguft,OfwYdk jzifh uka#wode;aom pMum0VmwkYd udk jynfapvsuf f d f d d k f h GmoGef;\/ tvGeiefaom rk;a&jzifh xd&mxd&m ajrBuD;awmif ponfwYdkonf aMurGysup;uke\? a&ukd f d f D f ywf0ef;usirS avwkYd u xde;aqmifxm;\? urmajrrS 'kw,psmefjA[mbtxd tvGeiefaomrk;a&onf a&muf\? f f d h Hk f d xkjd A[mjh ynf y&dwmbm tyrmPmbm tmb&m[laom ok;rsK;aom jA[mbwYdkudk aMurGap (y&dwmokbm H d h Hk tyrmPmokbmbkwYdk Eihf wjyifwnf;jzpfaom) okbudPmbkuquwnf\/ tvGeiefaom xka&onf tPkjrL H S S H dk dk f f d rQaomfvnf; kyocFg&w&m;Saeao;vQif rNidr;rajcmuf raysmufu,ao;/ urmysufa&awGU xdpm;tyfaom kyf f d f G f ocFg&w&m;tvk;pkudk vTr;rk;zsufq;NyD;vQif kww&ufvsifjrefpm csKyfNidr;uG,aysmufom; av\/ atmuf H H f d D f G f f G aumif;uifEihf txufaumif;uifonf wpyfwnf;jzpfvsuf trkuarSmiftwd jzpfavawmh\? okYd ponf S d f tvk;pkonf qktyfcNhJ yD;ESiw\/ oufoufx;onfrm a&jzifysuNf yD;aemuf urm jyefvnfxe;um;&m H H d hf l l S h G f tmb&mbkrp urmavmuonf xifm;jzpfay:\/ xkUd jyifvnf; okbudPmbkrS pkaw tmb&mbkH H S S S H tpSaom XmewkYd ow0gwkYd onf jzpfue\/ d k f xkoYdkurmysu&m jzpf&m urmysur;BuD;Gmonfrp urmysua&iefr;a& jywfponfwiatmif wck d f f dk S f dk J dk f aom toacsF,suyfudk oH0uyf[k odtyf\/ a&iefr;a&jywfponfrp urmyrk;BuD;Gmonfwiatmif dk J S d dk f 'kw,toacsF,suyfudk oH0|m,Duyf[k odtyf\/ urmyrk;BuD;Gmonfrp v-ae wkYd xifm;jzpfay:vm d d S S onfwiatmif wwd,toacsF,suyfudk 0d0uyf[k odtyf\/ v-aewkYd xifm; ay:vmonfrp wzef dk f S S urmysufr;BuD;Gmonf wkiatmif pwkw toacsF,suyfudk 0d0|m,Duyf[k odtyf\/ av;ckaom dk d f toacs,suyfwYdkonf wckaom r[muyf (r[murmBuD;wck) jzpf\/ ,ck jyqkconftwki; a&jzifh urm F d hJ h d f ysufjcif;ukif; urmjyefwnfjcif;ukif; odtyf\/ d d
avjzifh urmysufykH
51 408/ xkrwyg; tMuiftcg urmonfavjzifh ysuf\? xktcg (ysufcgeD;) tpuyifvQif urmysuf d S d rk;BuD;onfwufNyD;vQif okYd ponfudk aS;qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyif csJUodtyf\/ ,ckqrnftjcif; t&mum; d d h dk h txl;aywnf;? xkr;jzifysufaom urm 'kw,ae0ef;ay:xGe; ouJoYdk xkUd twl avjzifysufaom urm urm d D h d f h h ukd ysufap&eftvkUd iSg avonf jzpfay:vm\/ xkavonftp Murf;aomjrLukd xap\? xkUd aemif odrarGUaom d f oJv;ukif; Murf;aomoJv;ukif; ausmufp&pfcJ ausmufw;ponfwYdk uif; enf;jzifh tdrxurQ Saom Hk d Hk d Hk dk f G f d ausmufw;wkYd uif; rnDnwaomt&yf wnfaeaom opfyifBuD;wkYd uif; <uwufap\? ajrjyifrS aumif;uifoYdk Hk dk G f dk wufom;aom ,if;ausmufw;opfyifwYdkonf wzefjyef rusvmukeyJ xkaumif;uifomvQif trIeYf trIeYf jzpfuef G Hk f d k vsuf uG,aysufom;avuke\/ f G f xktcg tpOftm;jzifh ajrBuD;\atmuf avonf jzpfay:ajrukd txufatmuf jyefveapvsuf d S f aumif;uifxoYdk ypfvivu\? ,lZemw&mcefYaom ajrt&yfwYdk onfif;? ,lZem ESp&m ok;&m av;&m ig;&mcefY J T hf dk f dS f H Saom ajrt&yfwYdk onfif; yduuevsufav[keu wkucwfypfvityfaomaMumifh aumif;uifxomvQif d JG k f f d f T hf J trIeYf trIeYf jzpfuevsuf uG,aysmufom;avuke\/ pMum0Vmawmifuif;? jrif;rk&awmifuif; avu yifajrmuf k f f G f dk d f dk h aumif;uifoYdk ypfvi\? xkpMum0Vmawmif jrif;rk&awmifwYdk onf tcsif;csif;wkucuue trIeYf reYf T hf d d f d f dk f k f I jzpfuevsuf ysuf pD;avuke\/ okYd aomenf;jzifyifvQif ajrwnfaom AdrmefwYdkuif;? aumif;uifwnfaom k f f h dk AdrmefwYdk uif; ysufp;apvsuf umrm0p& ewfjynf 6-xyfwYdk udk ysufp;ap pMum0Vm uka#wode;ukd ysufap\/ dk D D f xkd uka#wode;aom pMum0VmwkYd pMum0Vmtcsi;csi; [dr0Emawmiftcsif;csif; jrif;rk&awmiftcsif;csif; awGUqkH f f f d f wkucuue trIeYf reYf jzpfuevsuf ysufp;avuke\/ ajrjyifrS wwd,psmefbwiatmif avonf ,laqmif d f dk f k f I k f D f Hk dk f wkucwf\? xkd wwd,psmefb ok;rsKd;aom jA[mjh ynfwYdk udk zsufq; a0[yKvboYdk qkuvsufwnf\/ okYd d f Hk H D d f Hk d f kyocFg& w&m;tvk;pkudk zsufq;NyD;vQif avonf olUuk,wivnf; aysmufu,om;av\/ atmufaumif;uif f H H D d f dk f G f G ESihf txufaumif;uifonf wpyfwnf;jzpfvsuf trkuarSmiftwd jzpfavawmh\/ okYd ponf tvk;pkonf d f H H
57
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59
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wckaomGm rax&fBuD;wyg;onfif; &[ef;i,fwyg;onfif; qGr;cHvnMhf uuke\/ xkEpyg;wkYd onf f S f d S f yXrtdryifvQif ylaEG;aom ,m*kwrIwrQudk &uke\? rax&fBuD;rSmvnf; 0rf;xJravonf xk;usif ESypufvsuf f f f S d d f Sd\? xkUd aMumifh rax&fBuD;onf ]],m*konf ightm; avsmufywf\? rat;ao;rD xk,m*kudk aomuft}hH }[k BuHNyD; d vQif xkrax&fBuD;onf wHcg;ckH yvky&ef vl'g,umwkYd aqmif,csxm;aom opfw;ay: xki aomufavonf/ d f l Hk d f &[ef;i,fonf xkoYdk aomufonfudk pufqyonfjzpf ]]uk,awmfBuD;onf qmavmifrI tm;BuD;pG? igwkYd tm; d k f d f Suz,jf zpfatmif ybd\}}[k qkd\/ 56 rax&fBuD;onf GmqGr;cHNyD;aemuf ausmif;okYd oGm; &[ef;i,fudk ]]igh f G f Sif omoem oifrmaxmufwnf&m Syg\avm}}[kqkd\? ]]rSefygtSifbk&m; tuREkfyf aomwmyefyg}}[k h S d avQmuf\? ]]ighioYdk jzpfvQif txufr*ftvkUd iSg tm;xkwrudk ryESiawmh? oifonf&[Emukd pGyprNd yD}}[k S f f I hf f JG rax&fBuD;u rdeYf q\/ xkd &[ef;i,fonf xkrax&fBuD;ukd uefawmhawmif;yef\? xkUd aMumifh xk&[ef;i,f\ xkd dk d d pGypruonf tjypfrSyJ yuwdtwki;yif jzpfav\/ f JG I H d d f xkUd aMumifh tjcm;wyg;aom tMuify*K vonfvnf; t&d,mukd pGyprjd im;tH?h xkpypraom yk*Kd vfonf k d f f JG d G f JG d tpGypc&aom t&d,myk*Kd vf&mokYd om; tu,f rdru ax&fBuD;jzpfygrl aqmifaMumifxi ]]igonf tSif f JG H dS G d h h dk f bk&m;ukd okYd okYd aom pum;ukd ajymqkr\? ightm; xktjypfudk onf;cHygavmh}}[k uefawmh awmif;yeftyf\/ d d d tu,f rdru oDwif;i,fjzpfygrl (wnfjcif;ig;yg;Saom Sc;jcif;jzif) Sc;NyD;vQif aqmifaMumifxi vuftyf d d d dk h d dk h h dk f k csDvsuf ]]tSib&m; tuREkyonf tSiwYdk udk rnf rnfaom pum;ukd ajymqkryg\? tuREkytm; xktjypf f k f f f d d f f d ukd onf;cHawmfrMl uyg}}[k uefawmh awmif;yeftyf\/ tu,f xkt&d,myk*Kd vfonf t&yfwyg;okYd zJom;jim;tH?h d G uk,wiom;a&muf jzpfap? twlae wynfponfwYdk udk apvTw jzpfap uefawmhawmif;yeftyf\/ d f dk f G h f tu,f uk,wivnf; roGm;Eki?f olwyg;ukd apvTw&efvnf; rpGr;Ekijf im;tH?h xkt&d,myk*K v\ aeNrJ d f dk f d f f d d d f ausmif; aexkiMf uaom &[ef;wkYd \xHoYdk om; xk&[ef;wkYd u rdratmufi,fMuvQif aqmifaMumifxi? d G d d h h dk f rdrxuf BuD;Muygrl rax&fBuD;tm; uefawmh&m qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif tktaoyusif ]]tSib&m;wkYd d d h d h f k tuREkyonf rnfaomtSiudk rnf rnfaom pum;ukd ajymqkryg\? xktSionf tuREkytm; onf;cH f f f d d d f f f ygap}}[kq uefawmhawmif;yeftyf\/ rsuarSmuf onf;rcHovnf; rsuu,f uefawmhawmif;yefjcif; dk f l f G rsKd;ukomvQif ytyfayonf/ d tu,f xkpyptyfaomyk*Kd vfonf wyg;wnf;vSnvnfaom &[ef;jzpfjim;tH?h xk&[ef;\ ae&mXme d G f JG hf d rxifm;jim;tH?h oGm;&mt&yfvnf; rxifm;jim;tH?h okYd jzpfvQif wyg;aom ynmS&[ef;xHoYdk om; ]]tSib&m; S S d G f k tuREkyonf rnfaom tSiudk rnf rnfaompum;ukd ajymqkryg\? xkpum;ukd trSw&vsuf tuREkyf f f f d d d f f rSm ESv;romjcif;jzpfaeyg\? b,fvvy&ygrnfenf;}}[k ar;avQmuftyf\/ xkynm S&[ef;onf ]]oifwYdk onf Hk dk k f d d rpk;&drMf uvif?h rax&fonf oifwYdk tm; onf;cHygonf? pdwudk at;Nidr;Muapavmh}}[k qkvwH/ xkEwveraom d f f d h d I f G f d &[ef;onfvnf; t&d,myk*Kd vf\ oGm;&mt&yfqoYdk aS;Iyvsuf vuftycsD ]]onf;cHawmfrlyg}}[k qkdtyf\/ D k f tu,f xkt&d,myk*Kd vfonf y&deAmefyoGm;NyD jzpfjim;tH?h y&deAmefyonfh anmifapmif; wnf&mXmeokYd om; d d d G o*[&m okomefoYdk aomfvnf; oGm; uefawmhawmif; yeftyf\/ okYd yvQif ewfmukd wm;jrpfjcif;rjzpfawmhNyD? f G r*fudk wm;jrpfjcif;vnf; rjzpfawmhNyD? yuwd twki; tjypfuif;Si;avawmh \/ wGif w&yfNyD;\/ d f f rdpm'd|um- [lonfum; azmufjyef rSm;,Gi;aom t,ltjrifue\/ rdpm'd|urorm 'gem[lonfum; d f dS k f d rdpmt,l\tpGr;tm;jzifh aqmufwnftyf yvkytyfaom trsKd;rsKd;aom trIuH Sdukef\? tMuifowYdk onfvnf; f f l rdpmt,lvQif t&if;cHueaom um,uHponfwYdk tjcm;olwYdk uvnf; wkuwe;uke\? (xkoYdk wkuwe;ay; dS k f dk d f G f f d d f G f aom yk*Kd vfwYdkonfvnf; rdpm'd|urorm'ge rnfue\/) quf Sif;jyOD;tHh-yk'wYdk wif 0pD'puudk qkjd cif; d k f f G k dk f jzifyif t&d,y0g'uHudk qkNd yD;jzpfayonf/ raem'kpwudk qkjd cif;jzifyif rdpm'd|udk qkNd yD;jzpfayonf? xkoYdk qkNd yD; h l dk f h d d jzpfjim;aomfvnf; uH 2-yg;wkYd udk xyf jyqkjd cif;onf 57 tjypfBuD;aMumif;jyjcif; tusKd;Sonf[k odtyf\/ d rSeay\-t&d,mukd pGypjJG cif;onf tmeE&,uHEihf wlaomaMumifh BuD;rm;aomtjypf Say\/ jrwfpmbk&m; f f d S d G a[mxm;aom atmufygpum;vnf; Say\d ]]om&dyw&m? t&[wr*fovESijhf ynfpaom t&[wr*f orm"dEijhf ynfpaom k D h Hk S h Hk t&[wr*fynmESijhf ynfpaom &[ef;onf rsuarSmufb0yifvQif t&[wzvudk NyD;ap&m h Hk f dk f ouJoYdk ? om&dyw&m? t&d,y0g'uHudk twlyif jzpfonf[k ig qk\? xkpypaom h k l d d G f JG pum;ukd ry,fvQif xkjd ypfrm;aompdwudk ry,fvQif xkxifrm;aomt,ludk rpGeYf vQif aqmifchJ S f d S onfh 0efxyudk csxm;vkuouJoYkd xkUd twlyif i&J (xkt&d,y0g'uHu) ypfcsavawmh\}}/ k f d f h d l
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63
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64
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68
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"r[k odtyf\/ xk"r (taMumif;w&m;uk) qifjcifaom yk*Kd vftm; xktaMumif; w&m; txl;tjym;ukd odaom d d d Pfonf "ry#dor'g rnf\? rSeay\- jyqdcaom teufuyifvQif tbd"r0bif;ygVdawmfd f k hJ dk d ]]'ku odaomPfonf twy#dord'g rnf\/ 'kuork', odaom Pfonf "ry#dor'grnf\/ taMumif; odaom Pfonf "ry#dord'grnf\? taMumif;\tusKd; d odaom Pfonf twy#dord'grnf\? tMuif (tusK;) w&m;wkYd onfjzpfue\? xifm; d k f S jzpfue\? aumif;pGmjzpfue\? topfjzpfue\? xifm; jzpfay:vmuke\? (tusKd;) k f k f k f S f w&m;wdYk odaomPfonf twy#dord'g rnf\/ xkd (qkchJ aomtusKd;) w&m;wkYd onf d tMuif(taMumif;)w&m;rS jzpfue\? xifm;jzpfue\? aumif;pGm jzpfue\? topfjzpfuef k f S k f k f k \? xifm; jzpfay:vmuke\? xkd (taMumif;) w&m;wkYd odaom Pfonf "ry#dord'g S f rnf\/ Z&mr&P odaom Pfonf twy#dord'grnf\? Z&mr&PjzpfaMumif; odaom Pfonf "ry#dord'grnf\/y/ ocFg&wkdY\csKyfjcif; odaomPfonf twy#dord'g rnf\? ocFg&wkYd \csKyfjcif;okYd qkua&mufaom tusif odaomPfonf "ry#dord'g d f h rnf\/ omoemawmf &[ef;onf w&m;awmfudk od\? okwuif;? a*,sukif;/y/ f dk d a0'vuif; od\? okYd aom todPfudk "ry#dord'g[k qktyf\/ xk&[ef;onf xkxdk dk d d d a[mtyfaom w&m;awmf\ teufudk ]]onfum; a[mtyfaom ygVd\ teufwnf;? onfum; a[mtyfaom ygVd\ teufwnf;}}[k od\? okYd odaomPfudk twy#d ord'g[k qktyf\/ ukovw&m;wkYd onf tb,fonfwYdk enf;? tMuiftcg umrm0p& d dk f ukovf pdwonf jzpfay:\/y/ w&m;wkYd onf ukovwYdk aywnf;/ ukovw&m;wdYk dk f dk f dk f todPfonf "ry#dor'grnf\/ if; (ukovw&m;)wkYd \ tusKd;0dyguf todPf d dk f onf twy#dord'grnf\}}okYd tpSaomenf;jzifh a0bef jyawmfr\/ d l xkd (tusKd;taMumif;) (jzpfaom) "rewudk ajymqk&m odaomPf [lonfum; xkd (qkcaom) d k d d d hJ tusKd;if; taMumif;if; obm0edw[k qktyfaom pifppf {uef rSeaom tMuif a0g[m&o'gonf jzpf\? k d d f xkreuefaom o'gukd Gw&majymqk&m xkwtyf ajymqktyfaom toHuMdk um;yifvQif ]]onfum; obm0 d S f f d d G f d edwd (rSeuefaomo'g)wnf;? onfum; obm0edwd (rSeuefaom o'g)r[kw}f }[l "rew[qtyfaom k f k f d k d k dk
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obm0edwrnfaom cyfor;aom ow0gwkYd \ rlvbmomjzpfaom xkd rm*"bmom\ txl;tjym;ukd odaom k d d f Pfonf edwy#dor'g rnf\/ edwd y#dord'gokYd a&mufaom yk*Kd vfonf ]]zam a0'em}} okYd ponfjzifh k d d k ajymqkaom pum;oHudk Mum;yifvQif ]]onfum; obm0edwwnf;}}[k od\/ ]]zm a0'aem}}2 okdY d k d ponfjzifh ajymqkaom pum;oHurum; (Mum;yifvQif) ]]onfum; obm0edwr[kw}f }[k od\/ d dk l k d 72 PfwYdk odaomPf [lonfum; tvk;pkH (aomtusKd;taMumif; o'g)wkYd jzpfaomPfudk tmkH H y qifjcifaom yk*Kd vftm; PfvQiftmkaom Pfaywnf;/ wenf;um; qkcwi;aom xkPfwYdk H dS d hJ dk f d usufpm;&m tmkwYdk EiwuG udpponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh tus,f0wm&odaomPfonf y#dbmey#dord'g H S hf f d rnf\? onfum; vk&if;teufwnf;/ d 429/ av;yg;aom y#dord'gwkYd onf aoubtqifh taoubtqifh [laom ESpyg;aom XmewkYd Hk Hk f txl;tjym;(ukd odjcif;okYd ) a&mufue\/ xkwif t*om0u r[mom0uwkYd tm; taoubHk (&[Em tjzpf) k f d G txl;tjym;(ukd odjcif;)okYd a&mufue\/ tSitmeEmrax&f pdwo<l u,f "rd uOygoum Oygvd ol<u,f k f f ckZK w&mOygodumr tpSaom yk*Kd vfwYdk tm; aoubHk (aouy*Kd vftjzpf) txl;tjym; (ukojd cif;)okYd a&muf d k d uke\/ f qkconftwki; ESpyg;aombkwYdk txl;tjym; (ukojd cif;)okYd a&mufueaom y#dord'g PfwYdk d hJ h d f f H d k f onf (1) t"d*r- w&m;xl;uk&jcif;? (2) y&d,w- oif,jl cif;? (3) o0e- emMum;jcif;? (4) y&dypm- ar;jref;jcif;? d d k (5) ykAa,m*- aS; tm;xkwb;jcif;[laom ig;yg;aom taMumif;wkYd jzifh oefYi; xufjruf uke\/ xkdwGif f l S f f t"d*r rnfonfum; t&[wzvoYdk a&mufjcif;wnf;/ y&d,wd rnfonfum; jrwfpmbk&m;\ pum;awmfudk dk f G oif,jl cif;wnf;/ o0ernfonfum; pD;yGg;uJoYdk ESv;oGi; olawmfaumif;w&m;ukd kaopGm emMum;jcif;wnf;/ h Hk f d y&dypmrnfonfum; ygVd t|uxmponfwYdk (teuf todcufaom) *Py'f (t"dyg,f todcufaom) teufy'f k d k k wkYd \ tqk;tjzwfudk ar;aom pum;wnf;/ ykAa,m* rnfonfum; aS;aS;bk&m;SiwYdk \ omoem *wypm*w H f (qGr;cH toGm;tjyef ur|mef;tm;xkwjf cif;) usif0wfonf\tjzpfjzifh a*gMwblteD; tEkavmrPfwiatmif f h dS dk f 0dyemukd tm;xkwjf cif;wnf;/ wyg;aom q&mwkYd url atmufygtwki; qkue\d f d k f (1) ykAa,m*-aS;tm;xkwb;jcif;? (2) Am[kop- tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;? (3) f l a'obmom- xkxt&yf a'o ok;pGaom bmompum;ukd wwfoem;vnf;jcif;? (4) tm*r - d dk H J d - bk&m;pum;awmfudk EIwwuftm*kraqmifxm;jcif;? (5) y&dypm- ar;jref;jcif;? (6) t"d*rf f k w&m;xl;uk&jcif;? (7) *koEd,- q&muktrSD yaejcif;? (8) rdw orw- uvsmP d d d rdwwYkd Eihf jynfpjHk cif;[laom Spyg;wkYd onf y#dord'gPfudk &jcif;\ taMumif;wkYd wnf;/ S h f xkwif ykAa,m* rSm qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;Sonfomwnf;/ Am[kop rnfonfum; xkxusrf;*efwYdk if; d G d d d dk xkxtwwft&mwkYd if; wwfuRrf;onf\ tjzpfwnf;/ a'obmom rnfonfum; w&mhwyg;aom bmom d dk a0g[m&wkYd wwfuRrf;onf\ tjzpfwnf;/ txl;tm;jzifrum; rm*"bmoma0g[m& wwfuRrf;onf\ h l tjzpfwnf;/ tm*rrnfonfum; atmufxpfq;tm;jzifh Moyr0*frQavmufaomfvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;\ pum;awmf Hk G ukd EIwwufoif,jl cif;wnf;/ y&dypm rnfonfum; wckaom*gxm\aomfvnf; teuf tqk;tjzwfudk ar;jcif; f k H wnf;/ t"d*r rnfonfum; aomwmyeftjzpfuaomfif;/y/ &[Emtjzpfuaomfif; &jcif;wnf;/ *koEd, dk dk rnfonfum; tMum;tjrif y#dbmefPfrsm;ukeaom q&mwkYd \ txH aejcif;wnf;/ rdworwd rnfonfum; f xkoYdk oabmSonfomvQif jzpfueaom uvsmPrdwwYdkudk &jcif;wnf;/ d d k f xkwif jrwfpmbk&m;wkYd onfif; yapuAk'gwkYd onfif; ykAa,m*ESihf t"d*rukd rSue y#dord'gPfoYdk d G G D k f a&mufue\/ wynfom0uwkYd onf qkcNhJ yD;aom taMumif;tvk;pkwYdk uvnf; (rSue y#dord'gPfoYdk k f h d H H dk D k f a&mufue\)/ okYd aomfvnf; y#dord'gPfoYdk a&muf&eftwGuf 73 toD;tjcm; ur|mef;bm0emukd tm;xkw& k f f jcif;rnfonf rSacs? pifppfaomfum; aouy*Kd vfwYdk tm; aouzv[aom 0darmu\tqk;yifvQif y#dord'g d k dk f l H okYd a&mufjcif;udp NyD;pD;\? &[Emyk*Kd vfwYdk tm; t&[wzv[aom 0darmu\ tqk;yifvQif y#dord'gokYd a&muf dk f l H jcif;udp NyD;pD;\/ rSeay\? jrwfpmbk&m;wkYd tm; 'oAvPfawmfwYdkonf (t&[wzvjf zif) NyD;pD;ukeouJoYdk f G dk h f h
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t&d,mwkYd tm; t&d,mzkvjf zifyifvQif y#dord'gPfwYdk onf NyD;pD;uke\/ xkUd aMumifh y#d ord'gwkYd udk &nf d h f ]]av;yg;aom y#dord'gwkYd \ tpGr;jzifh av;yg;tjym;S\}}[k igqkdcJhayonf/ f d
(ynmtjym;ukd jyqkdcsuf NyD;\)/ ynm\ bkH-rlv-ukd,fxnfwkdYukd ykdif;jcm;csuf

430/ (i) ]]ynmukd tb,foYdk yGg;aptyfoenf;}}[laom ar;cGe; cEm tm,we "mwf aÈ f opm y#dporkyg'f ponftjym;Sueaom w&m;wkYd onf (0dyem) ynm\ jzpf&mbkH (tmk)jzpfonf/ d k f H oDv0do'd pdw0o'[aom 0do'd ESpyg;wkYd onf (0dyem ynm\)rlv tajctjrpfjzpfonf/ 'd|0o'd k d k d l k f d d k ucFg0dw&P0dok'd r*gr*P'e0dok'd y#dy'gP 'e0dok'd P'e 0do'[aom ig;yg;aom k d l 0do'wYdk onf (ynm\) uk,xnfjzpfonf/ xkUd aMumifh (ynm\) jzpf&mbkH tmkjH zpfueaom xk(cEmpaom) k d d f k f d w&m;wkYd oif,jl cif; ar;jref;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh Pftavhtusufudk yNyD;vQif rlvtajctjrpf jzpfueaom f k f 0do'Epyg;wkYd udk jynfpapNyD; uk,xnfjzpfueaom 0do'ig;yg;wkYd udk jynfpapvsuf (0dyemynmuk) k d S f h Hk d f k f k d h Hk d yGg;aptyf\/ qkcaom pum;onf (ynmbm0emukd jyaom) t&m tusO;csKyfaywnf;/ d hJ f 431/ ,ckjyqkrnfh pum;onfum; tus,faywnf;/ ]]cEm tm,we "mwf aÈ opm y#dporkyg'f d ponf tjym;Sueaom w&m;wkYd onf (0dyem)ynm\ jzpf&mbkH (tmk) jzpfonf}}[k qkcaomxkpum;&yf d k f H d hJ d cEm[lonfrm lyuEm a0'emuEmonmuEm ocFg&uEm 0dnmPuEm [laom ig;yg;aom cEmwkYd aywnf;/ S
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432/ xkd (ig;yg;aom cEm)wkYd wif tat; (tyl) ponfwYdk aMumifh azmufjyefjcif; vuPmSaom oabm G d w&m;tvk;pkudk (Pfjzif) waygif;wnf;y lyuEm (kytzkYd tpk)[k odtyf \/ H H h f xkyuEm[k qktyfaom kyonf azmufjyefjcif;vuPmtm;jzifh wyg;wnf; (wrsKd;wnf;)om jzpf d l d f jim;aomfvnf; blwkyf Oyg'g,kyf tjym;tm;jzifh 2-yg; tjym;Sd\/ xkwif blwkyonf yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf awaZm"mwf 0ga,m"mwf[ 4-yg;tjym;Sd\/ if;wdkY\ d G f l vuPm &o ypKy|mefwYdkudk pwk"mwk00wmefur|mef;jy&m qk(tyf) cJueNf yD/ y'|meftm;jzifrum; xk"mwf 4d h k h l d yg;vk;wkYd yif <uif;aom"mwfo;yg;vQif eD;aomtaMumif; (y'|mef)Sue\/ H Hk d k f lyg'gkyfonf (1) puKyom'-rsufptMunfy?f (2) aomwyom'-em;tMunfy?f (3) Cmeyom'd k k ESmacgif;tMunfy?f (4) Zd0gyom'-vQmtMunfy?f (5) um,yom'-ukd,ftMunfkyf? (6) lygkH-tqif;ky?f (7) k S k o'gkH-toHkyf? (8) *EmkH-teHYkyf? (9) &omkH-t&omky?f (10) wdaÈ-trjzpfa&; tpk;&ky?f (11) yk&oaÈ d d d -tzkdjzpfa&; tpk;&ky?f (12) ZD0waÈ-toufSifa&; tpkd;&kyf? (13) [',0wKky?f (14) um,0dnwfy?f (15) d d d k 0pD0nwfy?f (16) tmumo"mwf? (17) v[kwmky?f 74 (18) rk'wmky?f (19) urnwmky?f (20) Oyp,ky?f d k k (21) oEwdkyf? (22) Z&wmkyf? (23) tedpwmkyf? (24) uAVDum& tm[m&kyf [l 24-yg; tjym; Sd\/ 433/ xkdOyg'gkyf 24-yg;wkYd wif puKyom'ac: rsufptMunfyonf tqif;xifxuaom blwkywYdk G d k f dk f f \ Munfjcif;vuPmS\? wenf;um; jrifvonfwPSmvQif taMumif;Saom uHaMumifh jzpfueaom blwkyf d dk h d k f wkYd \ Munfjcif;vuPmS\/ tqif;tmkrsm;qDoYdk qGyYdk jcif;udp (&o)S\? puK0dnmPfac: jrifopw\ d H J d d d f wnf&mtjzpfjzifh (IoPftm;) aS;Ixifaom tjcif;t&m (ypKy|mef)S\? jrifvonfwPSmvQif taMumif; d d dk h Saom uHaMumifh jzpfueaom blwkywYdk vQif eD;aomtaMumif; (y'|mef)S\/ d k f f d aomwyom'ac: em;tMunfyonf toHxifxuaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif;vuPmS\? wenf; k f dk f f d um; Mum;vkonfh wPSmvQif taMumif;SaomuHaMumifh jzpfueaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif;vuPm S\? toH d d k f f d tmkrsm;qDoYdk qGyYdk jcif;udp\? aomw0dnmPf ac: Mum;odpw\ wnf&mtjzpfjzifh aS;Ixifaom tjcif;t&mSd H J dS d f \? Mum;vkonfwPSmvQif taMumif;Saom uHaMumifh jzpfueaom blwkywYdk vQif eD;aom taMumif;S\/ d h d k f f d
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Cmeyom'ac: ESmacgif;tMunfyonf teHYxifxuaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif;vuPmS\? wenf; k f dk f f d um; eHvonfh wPSmvQif taMumif;Saom uHaMumifjh zpfueaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif;vuPmS\? teHYtmkH dk d k f f d rsm;qDoYdk qGyYdk jcif;udp\? Cme0dnmPfac: eHopw\ wnf&mtjzpfjzifh aS;Ixifaom tjcif;t&mS\? eHvdk J dS d d f d onfwPSmvQif taMumif;SaomuHaMumifjh zpfueaom blwkywYdk vQife;aomtaMumif; S\/ h d k f f D d Zd0gyom'ac: vQmtMunfyonf t&omxifxuaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif;vuPmS\? wenf; S k f dk f f d um; t&omcHpm;vkonfh wPSmvQif taMumif;Saom uHaMumifh jzpfueaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif; vuPmSd d d k f f \? t&omtmkrsm;qDoYdk qGyYdk jcif;udp\? Zd0g0dnmPfac: t&omodpw\ wnf&mtjzpfjzifh aS;Ixifaom H J dS S d f tjcif;t&mSd\? t&omcHpm;vkonfh wPSmvQif taMumif;Saom uHaMumifjh zpfueaom blwkywYdk vQif eD;aom d d k f f taMumif;Sd\/ um,yom'ac: uk,tMunfyonf awGUxdp&m azm|Amkxifxuaom blwkyfwkdY\ Munfjcif; d f k f H dk f vuPmSd\? wenf;um; awGUxdvonfh wPSmvQif taMumif;Saom uHaMumifh jzpfueaom blwkywYdk \ Munf dk d k f f jcif;vuPm S\? awGUxdp&m tmkrsm;qDoYdk qGyYdk jcif;udp\? um,0dnmPfac: xdopw\ wnf&mtjzpfjzifh d H J dS d d f aS;Ixifaom tjcif;t&mSd\? awGUxdvonfwPSmvQif taMumif;Saom uHaMumifh jzpfueaom blwkywYdk vQif dk h d k f f eD;aomtaMumif;S\/ d 434/ (aupd) tcsKdUq&mwkYd onfum; puKyom'ac: rsufptMunfyonf ]]awaZm "mwfveuueaom d k f G f J k f blwkyfwkdY\ Munfjcif; oabmaywnf;/ em; ESmacgif; vQm tMunfywYdk onf 0ga,myx0D tmayg"mwf vGeuJ k f f ukeaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif;oabmwkYd aywnf;? uk,tMunfyonf (nDrQukeaom) blwkyf tm;vk;wkYd \ f f d f k f f H vnf; Munfjcif;oabmaywnf;}}[k qkue\/ (tya&) wyg;aomq&mwkYd onf ]]rsufptMunfyonf awaZm d k f d k f "mwf vGefuJaomblwk yfwYdk \ Munfjcif;oabmaywnf;? em; ESmacgif; vQm uk,tMunfywYdk onf tmumo d f k f 0ga,m tmayg yx0D"mwf vGeuueaom blwkywYdk \ Munfjcif;oabmaywnf;}}[k qkue\/ xkd (aupd f J k f f d k f tya&) q&mwkYd udk ]]om"uokwygVdudk aqmifjyMuyg}}[k qk&rnf? (xkoYdk qvQif) om"uokwygVduyif rawGU f d d dk f dk jrifyJ SMd urnfrm {uefyif/ okYd aomfvnf; olwYdk xrS tcsKdUu ]]awaZm ponfwYdk \ *kPjf zpfueaom tvif;a&mif S J k f tqif; ponfwYdku (jrif&mponf) axmufyjhH cif;? aus;Zl;yjcif;aMumif}h }[k taMumif;ukd jyuke\/ xktaMumif;jy f d olwYdk udk ]]tvif;a&mifponfwYdk udk awaZm ponfwYdk \ *kPrsm;[k b,fou qkygoenf;}}[k ar;&rnf/ rSeay\? f l d f toD;tjcm;rcGjJ cm;Ekiatmif waygif;wnf;jzpfaeMuaom blwkywYdk wif ]]onfum; "mwf\*kPf d f f G onfum; "mwf\*kP}f }[k qk&efr&Eki-rjzpfEiay? wGif Si;csufw&yf/ tu,f okYd rvnf; qkuejf im;tHh d d f dk f f l d k -]]xkxtaqmufttkH (kytpOf)wkYd 75 xkxdk (yx0Dpaom) blwky\ vGeujJ cif;aMumifh yx0D ponfwYdk\ d dk f d f f (twljzpfzufywYdk u) aumif;pGmaqmifxm;jcif; tpSueaom udpwYdk udk (oift|uxm q&mwkYd onf) tvkMdS u k f dk d k f d ukeouJoYdk twlyif awaZmponf vGeuueaom taqmufttkH (kytpOf)wkYd tqif;ponfwYdk \ vGeuJ f h f J k f f f onf\tjzpfudk jrifawGU&jcif;aMumifh ]tvif;a&miftqif;ponfwYdkonf awaZmponfwYdk\ *kPrsm;yif} [laom f teufudk (oift|uxmq&mwkYd onf) tvkoif-vufcH oifygonf}}[k tu,f qkuejf im;tH/ if;wkYd udk d dS h h d k h acsyajymqk&efrm-tmaygvGeuaom t&uf\ teHYxuf yx0Dveuaom 0g*Gr; teHYu omvGeygrl? xkUd jyif d S f J G f J f f awaZm vGeuaom a&aEG;\ tqif;atmuf a&at;\ tqif;u ,kwavsmhygrl (oif aupdwYdk \tqku)ESpouf f J f d dk f vufcEiyguke\([k acsyajymqk&rnf)/ okYd aomf (0g*Gr; teHYu omvGejf cif; a&at;\ tqif;u ,kwavsmh H dk f f d f f jcif; [laom) ESprsKd;vk;yifrSacs? xkUd aMumifh rS&m blwkywYdk \ xkveuJ xl;jcm;[ef BuHjcif;uky,fpeYf f H d D f d G f d G ]]wckaom kyuvmyf blwkywYdk \ xl;jcm;jcif; rSjd im;aomfvnf; tqif;t&om ponfwYdk onf tcsif;csif; f f rwlMuouJoYdk twlyif puKyom' rsufpd tMunfyponfwYdk onf wyg;aom taMumif;xl; rSjd im;aomfvnf; h k f tcsif;csif; rwlMu}} [laom teufoabmukd (oifaupd tya&wkYd ) ,loifay\/ h tcsif;csif;ESihf rqufqaomtaMumif;um; tb,fygenf;[lr-rsufptMunfpaom ,if;yom'kywYdk \ H l d f xl; (onfudk ywwf)aom taMumif;um; uHomvQif jzpfayonf/ xkUd aMumifh ]]uH\ xl;jcm;jcif;aMumifh rsupd f tMunf ponfwYdk \ xl;jcm;jcif; jzpfonf/ blwkywYdk \ vGeux;jcm;jcif;aMumifh r[kw}f }([k odtyf\)/ rSea f f J l f y\? blwkywYdk \ xl;jcm;jcif;SvQif Munfvifjcif;onfyifvQif rjzpf/ rSeay\-]]yom'kyonf nDrQaomblwkyf f d f f wkYd \ Munfjcif;aywnf;? rnDrQaom blwkywYdk\ Munfjcif;rjzpf}}[k ayg&mP-aS;q&mwkYd u (qkMd u\)/ f 435/ qkdcJhonfhtwkdif; uH\ xl;jcm;jcif;aMumifh xl;jcm;jcif;Sueaom ig;yg;aom yom'kywYdk wif d k f f G rsupEiem;wkYd onf (rdrxoYdk ) ra&mufvmaom tmkudk ,lwwfue\/ tb,faMumifqaomf rdr\ rS&mblwkyf f d S hf d H H k f h h dk d D
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82
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83
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84
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457/ ,cktcg ]]rSwom;jcif; vuPmSaom oabmw&m;tvk;pkudk (Pfjzif) waygif;wnf;y f d H H h onmuEm (onmtzkYd tpk)[l odtyf\}}[k tMuifpum;ukd qkcNhJ yD? xkpum;vnf; rSwom;jcif; vuPmrnf d d f onfrm onmyifjzpfonf/ tqkonf ]]ighirwom;wwf\? rSwom;wwf\? xkUd aMumifh onm[kac: qktyf S d S f S f f d onf}}[l ajzSi;a[mMum;awmfronfEitnDyif/ 92 xkonmonf rSwom;jcif; vuPm[laom oabm f l S hf d f tm;jzifh wyg;wnf;om jzpfonf? okYd aomfvnf; trsKd;Zmwf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh ukovonm tukovonm f dk f dk f tAsmuwonm[l ok;yg;tjym;S\/ H d xko;yg;wkYd wif ukovpwf (21-yg;)ESihf ,SOaomonmonf ukovonmrnf\/ tukokdvfpdwf (12d Hk G dk f d f dk f yg;)ESihf ,SOaomonmonf tukovonmrnf\/ (0dygu ud&,m) tAsmuwpdwf (56-yg;)ESihf ,SOaom f dk f d f onmonf tAsmuwmonmrnf\/ onmESihf r,SOaompdw-0dnmPfrnfonf rSacs/ xkUd aMumifpw-0dnmPf f f d h d f \ tjym;Soavmuf onm\ tjym;Sdayonf/ d xkonmonf qkconftwki; pdw-0dnmPfEihf wlnaomtjym;Sjd im;aomfvnf; vuPmponf d d hJ h d f f S D tm;jzifh tm;vk;yif rSwom;jcif;vuPmS\/ ]]t&monf ,cifuawGUbl;aom xkt&myif}}[k wzefrwrjd cif; H f d d S f \ taMumif;edrwudk yjcif;udp (&o) S\? opfw;ponfudk aGcwaomolwYdk onf opfw;ponfwYdk trSwf d f d Hk k f Hk tom;edrwudk yMuouJoYdk yif/ rSw,rwi;aom edrw\ tpGr;tm;jzifh NrJNrHpm ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd yonfh d f h f l d dk f d f f G Hk f taetm;jzifh (Pftm;) aS;Ixif\? qifyyujdk yaom oluef;wkYd uoYdk yif/ xifwi;aom tmkvQif eD;aom k f Hk hJ dk f H taMumif;Sd\? jrufwYdkjzifh yvkyxm;aom vlywYdk orifi,fwYdkrm vl[k jzpfaom rSwxifjcif;uJoYdk yifwnf;/ f k f S f h wGif w&yfNyD;\/ qkcaom pum;onf onmuEm tus,jf yqkcsuf pum;t>rufaywnf;/ d hJ d
89
ocFg&uEm jyqkdcsuf
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90
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91
[d&jD zifh raumif;rIudk y,fpeYf \? trsKd;aumif;orD; acR;ruJoYdk yif/ olwyg;ukd tav;y Mowyj zifh raumif;rIudk G h y,fpeYf \? jynfwefqmruJoYdk yif/ txl;rSwz,um; w&m;ESpyg;wkYd udk avmuukd apmifaSmufwwfonfh G h h f G f f h (avmuygvu) w&m;wkYd [ rSwtyf (uke)\/ l f f 467/ (,SOzufw&m;wkYd \) rvkcsif rrufarmaMumif; oabmonf tavmb rnf\? wenf;um;-rvkd f d csiwwf-rrufarmwwfaomoabmonf tavmbrnf\? wenf;um; rvkcsijf cif; rrufarmjcif;rQoabmonf f d tavmbrnf\/ ta'go tarm[wkYd vnf; enf;twki;yif/ xkwif tavmbonf tmkH pdwf\ rrufarm d f d G rvkcsifjcif; vuPmS\? wenf;um; ruyfNidjcif; vuPmS\? MumGua&aygufonf rNiduyfouJoYdk yif/ (igh d d d f h Opm[kpvrf;aomtm;jzif) rodr;ykujf cif; udp\? udavomrSvwNf yD;aom &[EmuJoYdkyif/ rNidw,onf\ JG h f d dS G h G f tjzpfjzifh (Pftm;)aS;Ixif\? rpifwi;usaom olonf (rpif rNidw,)ouJoYdkyif/ G f G f h 95 468/ ta'goonf rMurf;wrf;jcif;-El;nHjh cif;vuPmS\? wenf;um; (tmkEi) rqefYusifjcif; d H S hf vuPmSd\? olUtvkoYdk vuaom rdwaqGuoYdk yif/ &efNidK;ukd y,fazsmufjcif;udp S\? wenf;um; (a'go) d dk f f hJ d tyludk Nidr;apjcif;udp\? pEu;onf (tyludk Nidr;ap) ouJoYdk yif/ at;csrf;onf\tjzpfjzifh (Pftm;) aS;I f dS l f h xif\? vjynf0ef;uJoYdk yif/ h h 469/ tarm[onf oabmrSetwki; xk;xGi;odjcif; vuPmS\? wenf;um; rcRwrvGJ xk;xGi; f d f d f d f d f odjcif; vuPmS\? uRr;usiaomav;orm;u ypfvuaomjrm;\ wnfwnfrwfrwf xdreazmufxi;jcif;uJh d f f dk f h h S f G f okYd yif/ tmkudk xifvif;apjcif;udp S\/ qDr;uJoYdk yif/ awGa0rIuif;aomtm;jzifh (Pftm;) aS;Ixif\?awm H d D h usifvsifaom c&D;nTeaumif;uJoYdk yif/ tavmb ta'go tarm[[laom ok;yg;vk;wkYd onf tvk;pkaom f h H H H H ukovwYdk \ rlv&if;jzpfMuonf[k rSwtyf\/ dk f f 470/ apwodutaygif;um,\ Nidr;jcif;onf um,y'drnf\/ pdwf\Nidr;jcif;onf pdwy'd f f f rnf\/ qufOD;tHh-t&m um,[lonfrm a0'emtpSaom emrfcEmok;yg;wkYd aywnf;/ ESpyg;ukefaom S d H f um,pdwy'dwYdk onf waygif;wnf; jzpfuevsuf apwodutaygif; uk,EipwwYdk \ ylyefjcif;ukd Nidr;ap k f f d f S hf d f f jcif; vuPm Sue\? uk,EipwwYdk \ ylyefjcif;ukd ESreif;zsufq;jcif;udp Sue\? uk,EipwwYdk \ ylyef d k f d f S hf d f d f D d k f d f S hf d f wkevyf jcif;uif; at;csrf;onf\ tjzpfjzifh (Pftm;) aS;Ixif uke\? (at;Nidr;aom) uk,Eihf pdwvQif f I f f d f S f eD;aomtaMumif; Sue\/ uk,EipwwYdk \ rNidroufjcif;ukd ywwfaom O'ptpSaom udavomwkYd \ d k f d f S hf d f f d qefYusizuf jzpfMuonf[k rSwtyf(uke)\/ f f f um,\ ayghonf\ tjzpfonf um,v[kwm rnf\/ pdwf\ayghonf\ tjzpfonf pdwv[kwm rnf\/ xkEpyg;aom v[kwmwkYd onf uk,EipwwYdk \ xki;rIi;av;vHjcif;ukd Nidr;apjcif; vuPmSue\? d S f d f S hf d f d f d f f d k f uk,f ESipwwYdk \ xki;rIi;av;vHjcif;ukd ESreif;zsufq;jcif; udp Sue\? uk,EipwwkdY\ rEkUH aES;onf\ d hf d f d f d f d f D d k f d f S hf d f tjzpfjzifh (Pftm;) aS;Ixifue\? (ayghyg;aom) uk,EipwvQif eD;aomtaMumif; Sue\/ uk,Eipwf k f d f S hf d f d k f d f S hf d wkYd \ xki;rIi;av;vHjcif;ukd ywwfonfh xderd'tpSaom udavomwkYd \ qefYusizuf jzpfMuonf[k rSwtyf d f d f d f f (uke)\/ f um,\ El;nHonf\tjzpfonf um,rk'wmrnf\/ pdwf\ El;nHonf\tjzpfonf pdwr'wm rnf\/ h k h k k xkEpyg;aom rk'wmwkYd onf uk,EipwwYdk \ cufxefawmifwif;jcif;ukd Nidr;apjcif; vuPmSue\? uk,Eihf d S f k d f S hf d f h f d k f d f S pdwwYdk \ cufxefawmifwif;jcif;udk ESreif;zsufq;jcif;udp Sue\? (wpkwckaom tmk) rxdyg;aom tm;jzifh f h d f D d k f H H (Pftm;) aS;Ixifukef\ (0g-,SOzufw&m;wkYd u) tmkrxdyg;jcif;ukd aS;Ijzpfapwwfue\? (El;nHaom) f dk H k f h uk,EipwvQif eD;aomtaMumif; Sue\? uk,EipwwYdk \ cufxefawmifwif;jcif;ukd ywwfonfh 'd|d rme d f S hf d f d k f d f S hf d f h tpSaom udavomwkYd \ qefYusizufjzpfMuonf[k rSwtyf (uke)\/ d f f f um,\ trI aumif;onf\ tjzpf-avsmfonf\ tjzpfonf um,urnwm rnf\/ pdwf\ trI aumif;onf\tjzpf-avsmfonf\tjzpfonf pdwurnwm rnf\/ xkEpyg;aom urnwmwkYd onf uk,Eihf d S f d f S pdwwYdk \ trI raumif;jcif; ravsmjf cif;ukd Nidr;apjcif;vuPmSue\? uk,EipwwYdk \ trI raumif;jcif; f f d k f d f S hf d f ravsmfjcif;ukd ESreif;zsufq;jcif; udpuef \? uk,EipwwYdk \ tmkH yrI jynfpjHk cif; aumif;jcif;ukd aS;Ijzpfap d f D dS k d f S hf d f h wwfue\? (trI aumif;aom avsmaom) uk,Eihf pdwvQif eD;aom taMumif;Sue\/ uk,Eihf pdwwYdk \ k f f d f S f d k f d f S f trI raumif;jcif;-ravsmfjci;fudk ywwfaom (qkcNhJ yD;rS) <uif;aom eD0&PtpSaom tukovwYdk \ d d dk f
92
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104
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110
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111
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112
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128 535/ r,kwrvGeaomtm;jzifh [l&m t&d,opmwkYd udk tb,faMumifh r,kwrvGef av;yg;wkYd udk f f h f om a[mawmfrcygoenf;[lr-tjcm;wyg;opm\ rjzpfoifaomaMumifif;? (av;yg;xJr) wyg;yg;ukd rEIwf l hJ l h h S ry,ftyfaomaMumifif; jzpfonf[k ajztyf\/ csJUjytHh-av;yg;wkYd rS tjcm;tyktvGevnf; rjzpfoifay? h d f h av;yg;wkYd wif wyg;aomfvnf; EIwy,foifonf rSay/ tqkEitnD a[mawmfronfrmG f h d d S hf l S ]]&[ef;wkYd avmu orPtrnfcojl zpfap jAm[P trnfcojl zpfap ]ZmwdtpSaom H H d w&m;onf 'kut&d,opm r[kwao;? 'kut&d,opmum; (Zmwd ponfr) wjcm;wyg;om? igonf f S Zmwd tpSaom 'kut&d,opmukd y,fxm; tjcm;'kut&d,opmukd ynwf a[mMum;rnf} qk d d vm&m\? okYd vmjcif;\ taMumif;onf rSay}} okYd ponfyif/ d xdUk jyifvnf; a[mawmfrjl yefonfrmS ]]&[ef;wkYd orPtrnfcojl zpfap jAm[P trnfcojl zpfap wpkwa,mufaomolonf H H H ]&[ef;a*gwr a[mxm;aom 'kuopmonf 'kuyXrt&d,opm r[kwao;? igonf 'kuyXr f t&d,opmukd y,fpeYf tjcm;wyg;aom 'kuyXrt&d,opmukd ynwfa[mMum;rnf}[k okYd ajymqk&m G d \? okYd ajymqkjd cif;\ taMumif;onf rSay}}okYd ponfyif/ d wenf;aomfum; rjywfjzpfaejcif; (y0w)ukd a[mMum;awmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;onf taMumif; d l G (ork',)ESiwuG a[mMum;awmfr\? qkwepf&yfpjJ cif; (ed0w)ukvnf;a&mufaMumif; (Oyg,)ESiwuG a[mMum; hf l f d d hf awmfr\/ okYd jzpf y0wEihf ,if;\taMumif; ed0wdEihf ,if;okYd a&mufaMumif;wkYd \ rQom twkdif;tSnfSdaom l d S S aMumifh av;yg;wkYd uomvQif a[mawmfrcayonf/ xkUd twlyif (y&dan,s) yki;jcm; odtyfaom w&m; dk l hJ d f (y[mwA) y,ftyfaomw&m; (opdumwA) rsuarSmufytyfaomw&m; (bma0wA) yGg;aptyfaom w&m;wkYd f tvktm;jzifif;? wPSm\tmkH wPSm wPSmcsKyf&m ,if;csKyf&mokYd a&mufaMumif;wkYd tvktm;jzifif;? wG,wm d h d h f p&m tmkH xktmk aysmfarGUjcif; wG,wmp&mukd t<uif;rJh y,f&m xky,f&mokYd a&mufaMumif;wkYd tvktm;jzifh d H f d d if; (rQomSaomaMumif) av;yg;wkYd uomvQif a[mawmfrcayonf/ okYd vQif opmwkYd r,kwrvGeaom d h dk l hJ f f tm;jzifh tqk;tjzwfudk odtyf\/ H 536/ tpOftm;jzifh [l&m tpOfonfvnf; a'oemtpOfyif/ xktpOfjzpfyrm opmav;yg;wkYd wif d Hk S G Murf;wrf;xifm;aomaMumifif; ow0gtm;vk;ESihf oufqiaomaMumifif; 'kuopmonfov,\? xkUd aMumifh S h H dk f h d G f ,if;opmukd aS;OD;pGma[mawmfronf/ ,if; 'kuopm\yifvQif taMumif;ukd jyjcif;iSg xk\tjcm;rJ ork', l d h opmukd a[mawmfronf/ taMumif;csKyfjcif;aMumifh tusKd;csKyfonf[k odapjcif;iSg xkUd aemif eda&m" opmukd l a[mawmfronf/ xkea&m"&jcif;\ taMumif;ukjd yjcif;iSg tqk; r*opmukd a[mawmfronf/ wenf; b0 l d d H l csrf;om[laom om,mzG, rufarmukeaom ow0gwkYd tm; xdwvefYroa0* jzpfapjcif;iSg aS;OD;pGm 'kuopm f f f I H ukd a[mawmfronf/ xk'uonf ryyJtvkvvmonfr[kw?f &ac: bk&m;ocif\ zefqif;jcif; ponf l d k d dk aMumifvnf; jzpfonfr[kw?f ork',aMumifyif jzpfonf[k odapjcif;iSg xk\tjcm;rJ ork',opmukd a[m h h d h awmfronf/ xkUd aemif taMumif;ESiwuGaom qif;&J'uu ESypuf (tyf)aomaMumifh xdwvefYaom pdwMdS u l hf k d f f f vsuf 'kurS xGuajrmuf&mukd SmrS;aom ow0gwkYd tm; xGuajrmuf&mukd jrifojzifh oufom&mukd &apjcif; f D f tusKd;iSg eda&m" opmukd a[mawmfronf/ xkUd aemif eda&m"uk&&eftwGuf eda&m"okYd a&mufapwwfaom r*opm l d ukd a[mawmfronf/ okYd vQif opmwkYd tpOftm;jzifh tqk;tjzwfudk odtyf\/ l H 537/ ZmwdponfwYdkudk qk;jzwfaomtm;jzifh [l&m t&d,opmwkYd udk tus,jf yawmfraom jrwfpm H l G bk&m;onf]]Zmwdyd 'kum? Z&myd 'kum? r&Prd 'ku?H aomuy&da'0'ku a'grekyg,momyd 'kum? tyd a,[d ora,ma*g 'kaum? 129 yda,[d 0dya,ma*g 'kaum? ,rpH evbwd wrd 'ku?H oHcawe d d yOKyg 'geuEm 'kum=b0topf jzpfjcif;onfvnf; qif;&Jaywnf;? tkjd cif;onfvnf; qif;&Jaywnf;? aojcif;onfvnf; qif;&Jaywnf;? pk;&dryaqG;jcif; ika<u;jcif; uk,qif;&Jjcif; pdwEv;romjcif; d f l d d f f S Hk jyif;pGm ylyef&jcif;wkYd onfvnf; qif;&JwYdk aywnf;? rcspftyfre;tyfaom yk*Kd vf0wKwkYd Eihf aygif;zuf,OwJG k f S S f ae&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&Jaywnf;? cspcifEpouftyfaomyk*Kd vf 0wKwkYd Eihf uGum&jcif;onfvnf; f S f S J G qif;&Jaywnf;? vkcsifygvsuf tMuift&mukd r&? xkvcsifwmukd r&jcif;-r&Ekiwmukd vkcsijf cif;onf d d dk d f d
118
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119
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123
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'ku tqkH;tjzwf
546/ uk,x jzpfaom qif;&Jonf 'kurnf\? ,if; 'kuonf uk,udk ESypufjcif;vuPm S\? d f J d f d f d ynmrJholwkdYtm; ESvkH;romjcif;ukd yjcif;udp S\? uk,xjzpfaom emusiccuf ESypufwwfaom tem[kPf d d f J f H d f tm; aS;Ixif\/ 'ku-'kuac: qif;&Jtppf jzpfaomaMumifif; pdwqif;&Judk aqmifay;wwf-jzpfapwwfaom h f aMumifif; 'kurnf\/ xkUd aMumifh atmufyg *gxmukd qktyfayonf/ h d uk,qif;&Jonf (ol\ wnf&muk,udk 0g-ol\ wnf&myk*Kd vfu) ESypufwwf\? xkUd xuf d f d f dk d f tvGef 0g-xkUd jyif pdwqif;&Juvnf; jzpfapwwf\? xkUd aMumifh txl;tm;jzifh 'ku[k a[mawmfrl (tyf) f dk ayonf}} [lyifwnf;/ qkcaom pum;onf 'ku tqk;tjzwfaywnf;/ d hJ H
a'gre tqkH;tjzwf
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124
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tyd,ora,m* tqkH;tjzwf
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125
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ork',ukd tus,fjyqkdcsuf
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1-oua&myr,m-[laom #DumausmuJoYdk 0dy&dwjf yefxm;onf/ ouwbmomum; yk'Nf yD;ykrsK;rSm f h H d 0dy&dwr[kw?f yuwd tk;tpOfyif jzpfonf/ f d
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1-tok'+tm,-jzifh NyD;aom tok'g, ([laom emr"mwf)+rmeypn;wkYd jzifh NyD;aptyf\/ f
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1-ybm0H? pGr;&nftxl;uk/ v'g? &-okYd vnf; y'ap'yEki\/ f d d f
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txufyg o*F[ *gxmrsm;ukd r[mpnf q&mawmf\ awmif;yefcsujf zifh oHvsif rdUe,f oajyuefm G r[m"rum &mrwkuf tEkem,uq&mawmf tSi0gao| rax&fu a&;om;zGUJ pDay;awmfronf/ ,if;*gxmwkYd udk d d f l q|oH*g,em0efaqmif oHCtzGUJ \ oabmwl qk;jzwfcsufjzifh 0do'r*fygVde'gef; xnfoi; azmfjycJonf/ H k d d h G f h xkYd aMumifh xkygVde'gef; ,if;*gxmwkYd \tqk; txufygtwki; ed*;pum;ukd jyxm;ayonf/ d d H d f Hk
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+-okYd aom axmifui; twGi;Sd *Pef;rSm 0do'r*fygVdpmtky'w,wGrS pmrsufEmeHygwf *Pef; h G f f k d f k d J S jzpfonf? uGi;rygaom yk'rBuD;ESihf *Pef;rSm if;'kw,wGJ pmtkyrS pmyk'eygwf *Pef;jzpfonf/ f f d f d f H 1-,cktcg .... tm;xkwfpD&ifaytHh-[k pyfyg/ 2-jynfhpkHapjcif;iSg .... tm;xkwftyf\-[k pyfyg/
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1-orm"dbm0em\ tmedoiftusKd;ukd &jcif;om ckiNf rJjcif;csr;om vG,upmjzifh NyD;ajrmufjynfpap d f f l G h Hk Ekijf cif;[laom xktaMumif;ok;yg;aMumif[k qkv\/ (#Dum) d d H h d dk 2-jrwfpmbk&m;onf .... a[mawmfrcayonf-[k pyfyg/ G l hJ
136
3-iSgif; .... iSgif; .... a[mawmfrlcJhayonf-[k pyfyg/ 4-xkd (pwkwpsmef&NyD;aom&[ef;)onf .... pdwudk aS;Iaqmif\ aS;InGwfap\-[k pyfyg/ f 5-wnfMunfvwfaomf .... a&mufvwfaomf aS;Iaqmif\ aS;InGwfap\[k pyfyg/
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1-wnfMunfvwfaomf .... a&mufvwfaomf .... aS;Iaqmif\? aS;InGwfap\[k pyfyg/ 2-okYd tpSaomenf;jzifh .... a[mawmfrlcJhayonf[k pyfyg/ d
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1-t&m ]]udwifq;r}} [lonfrm tvkwi; Ekieif;atmif y&duoabmjzifh udwifavhusifjh cif; Hk S d dS dk f d f H yifjzpfonf/
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1-(ajymif;jyef) tpOftwki; Spyg;aomuokP;wkYd tBudrw&maomfvnf; tBudrf waxmifaomfvnf; d f f d f f (0ifpm;\) [laomteufudk xkUd twl [laompum;jzifh jy\/ (#Dum)
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1-t&m 'kw,psmefponfudk rlwnf tmkceausmf[efuvnf; enf;wlyif odtyf\/ d H k f dk 2-avm[dwuokP;rS tmudOnm,wepsmefudk (0ifpm;\) [l&m avm[dw uokP;ukd qifjcifvsuf d f d f aS;IyNyD;vQif xkuokP;edrwudk cGgjcif;jzifh xifay:vmaom uodP*g#drtmumo ESv;roGi;aomtm;jzifh d d f d f k Hk f tmumomeOm,wepsmefudk r0ifpm;rl (#DumygXfwYdk ormyZwm-[lcsnf; Sd\? torm yZwm-[k SdrS d G d G oifrnf) xktmumo aS;ujzpfb;aom tmumomeOm,we0dnmPf\ uif;jcif;ukd tmkH y tmudOnm,we h d l psmefudk 0ifpm;\ ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) d dk
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1-tvk;pkaomuokP;wkYd -[laom pum;jziftmumouodP;0dnmPuokP;wkYd uvnf; odr;,l H H d f h k f d f dk f onf[k qk&efroifay? taMumif;rlum; t&m (Mo'gw uokP;tqk;Saom) uokP;Spyg;wkYd uom ,SOpyf d h d f H d d f f dk f tyfaomaMumifaywnf;/ twlyiftlypsmefav;yg;vk;ukvnf; wckwnf;aom psmef[k qk&efroifay? taMumif; h H d d h rlum; Spyg;aom ormywfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh pdwudk (,Ofaus;El;nHatmif) udwifq;rjcif;ukd tvktyfaom f f f h Hk d dS aMumifaywnf;/ xkUd aMumifh tlypsmefwYkd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh t*FgESitmkajymif;aTUjcif;ukd y&d,m,ftm;jzifh qkxm; h k f hf H d onf[k odtyf\/ xkoYdk y&d,m,ftm;jzifh qkxm;jcif;jzpfaomaMumifyif yDwuokP;ukcg xifay:vmonfh d d h d f d G tmumo tmkH yjzpfaom yXrmky0nmPfvQif tmkaom 0dnmPOm,wepsmefudk &nf ]]yDwuokP;rS d H dS d f 0dnmPOm,wepsmefudk (0ifpm;\)}}[k rdeYf qawmfrayonf/ enf;jzifh <uif;aom (avm[dwuokP;rS tmudO dk l d f nm,wepsmefu?dk Mo'gwuokP;rS ae0onmemonm,wepsmefu-[laom) yk'Epck taygif;vnf; teufudk d f dk f S f odtyf\/ (#Dum)
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1- jyoifaomt"dyg,fonf ESm 7-rSwcsuf 1- yg0ifavNyD/ h f
137
2-udwifrqk;ryJ .... NyD;apEkivrrnf [laom-[k pyfyg/ H d f d hf
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1-uokP;y&duudk yjcif;onfaomfvnf; 0efav;\-[l&m tjypfa'goukd MuOfjcif;tpSaom tpD d f H d t&ifjzifh O*[edrwf jzpfay:onfwiatmif uokP;0ef; yusifjh cif;onfaomfvnf; 0efav;\? wefc; d dk f d f dk zefqif;jcif;onfum; tb,frm qkb,tenf;[k qkv\/ (#Dum) S d G f dS hH d dk 2-xkudk yGg;ap-[lonfum; xky#dbm*edrwuif; bm0emukif; yGg;ap ([k qkv\)/ rSeay\? d d d f dk d d dk f bm0emESiuif; edrwoufoufyg;ap&ef rjzpfEiay/ (#Dum) hf d f G dk f 3-tcsKUd a,m*DwYdkonf Oypm&orm"dudk &NyD;vQif tyemorm"dudk &&ef rpGr;EkiMf u? xkoYdkaom yk*Kd vf f d d wkYd onfvnf; rsm;pGmSMd uonfom? xkUd aMumifh ]]tyempsmefudk &jcif;onf 0efav;\}}[k rdeYf qavonf/ (#Dum) dk
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1-ax&-tSir[dEtpSaom rax&frsm;+tr-o&ufyifrsm;+xvawmifue; = ax&rwv-tSifr[dE f d k f tpSaom rax&fwYdk oufqif;&m o&ufyifrsm;Saom awmifue;/ o&yfyiftpkaom tSir[dE rax&f d d k f dS f ponfwYdk oufqif;&mXmeonf ax&rwv rnf\/ (#Dum) 2-yx0DuodPeda'o (jrefrmjyef ESm 478-) Ak'&uw[k S\? &uw-[k twkaumufjyqkonf/ d d d d d
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1-*d&b@0g[eylaZmfyJG rnfonfrm (tSir[mr[dEwYdk yXroDwif;ok;&m ,cktcg oD[Vbmomjzifh d S f H dk f rd[Eav-[k ac:aom) apwD,awmifudk tpy wuRef;vk;if;? ork'&m-yifv,fx w,lZemt&yfwiatmif d H J dk f if; BuD;us,fpmaom ('DyylZm) qDr;ylaZmfyaywnf;/ xkyaZmfyBJG uD; usif;ypOf rm&fewfu jzpfapaom rD;us;rk;ukd G D JG d l D d rD;yGm;rQjzifaomfvnf; vlrsm;qDoYdk ra&muf&atmif xkwcPtwGi;yifvQif aumif;uif ajrBuD;zefqif; h d f (umuG,apmifaSmufonf)/ (#Dum) taMumif;t&mtus,fudk ,cktcgxifm; rawGU&awmhNyD/ f h S 2-bm0em avhusifytpOfEihf uif;vnf; .... NyD;pD;jynfpMHk uuke\-[k pyfyg/ h Hk S h f 3-aS;b0wkYd tm;BuD;aom tm;xkwr[aom taMumif;ESijhf ynfpotm;omvQif ,ckjycJaom bm0em f I l h Hk l h avhusifrI tpOfEiuif; tbdnmOfwYdk onf NyD;pD;jynfpMHk uonf? tjcm;oltm; rNyD;pD;rjynfpMHk u? xktaMumif; h S hf h h d aMumif[k qkv\/ (#Dum) h d dk
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1-pmrsuEm 2? pmyk'f 2? pmaMumif; 3-ponfwYdk tzGitydwf aumfrmwkYd jzifh jycJaom pum;yifjzpfonf/ f S d hf h
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1-ygVdaom-[k Sd\? jrefrmjyefvQif xkonf-if;onf-,if;onf-[l jzpf\? xky'jf zifh xk&[ef;onfd d k d xka,m*Donf-xkvonf-ponfjzifh ykviqi&m[lorQudk xkwazmfEi\/ okYd aomfvnf; xky'\ aS;tjcm;rJh d d l d f dk f f dk f d k f pum;&yf (bduK .... pwkwH psmeH OyorZ 0d[&wd) = &[ef;onf .... pwkwpsmefoYdk a&mufae\-[k SdcJh\? xkpwkwpsmefoYdka&mufNyD;aom &[ef;a,m*Duyifaom-xkonf[k emrfpm;jzifh qkxm;onf/ okYd jzpf txufyg d dk d d twki; xkwazmf zGijhf yayonf/ okYd aomtzGirsm;rSm ygVdbmomwwf odowYdk twGuom jzpfonf/ okYd jzpf d f f hf l f okYd aom yk'ygXf\tzGirsm;ukd ygVdrwwfaomolwYdk onf igwkYd twGuf r[kw[k ESv;oGi; ausmfvu f hf f Hk f dk ausmfvnf; zwfom;Eki\/ G d f
138
2-ygVd orm[daw pdaw-[k SaomaMumifh xkpOft& orm[daw-wnfMunfvwfaomf-[lonf yk'udk d d f aS;OD;pGm zGijhf y pdwonf[aomyk'udk aemufrS zGijhf yonf/ f l f 3-r,kwrvGef tnDtrQIEiaom OayumESihf ,SOwjzpfaomaMumifh owd\ xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif; f dk f f JG NyD;pD;onf/ xkUd aMumifh xkowd\xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fonf\tjzpf-xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif;udk Oayumu d jzpfaponf[k qkayonf/ d
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1-te*FPokwf ]]rdrd\tjypfudk olwyg; rodapvkaomol? rdr\tjypfudk trsm;aSU rar;apvkaomol? d d d aSUaqmifjzpfvaomol? vmbfvmbaygrsm;vkaomol? tktao tylaZmfcvaomol-okYd aomolrm rdrtvkd dk d d H dk S d twki; rjzpfaomaMumifh trsuxujf cif;? ESv;romjcif; jzpfwwf\? xkoYdk jzpf&m tvkawmifwaom-avmbd f f G Hk d d dS h trsufxurI a'go ESv;romrI-a'gre ,if;avmbponfwYdk Eihf ,SOaom arm[[laom w&m;qk;wkYd udk G f Hk S f d t*FP-[k ac:aMumif;}} jyqkxm;onf/ d 2-Oyuavo-yk'udk t|uxm ylyefapwwf-ESypufwwfonf[zijhf yxm;aomfvnf; odv,ap&ef d f d f k G G f npf;aMumif;-[kjyefxm;onf/ l
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1-pmrsufESm 3? pmaMumif; 3-rS wnfwvwfaomf-[laom yk'udk zGijhf yonf? xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif; hH f ponfwYdk wnfaevQi-[k qkv\/ f d dk 2-o'g ponfwYdku yl;wGvsuf ,kMH unfaom tjcif;t&m ponfjzifh xufoefpm jzpfjcif;ukyif if;wkYd u J G d tm;ay;axmufyonf[k qkonf/ hH d
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1-o'g,kMH unfr\ tpGr;aMumifh r,kMH unfaom tjcif;t&m aemufusKaom tjcif;t&mray:bJ I f ,kMH unfaom tjcif;t&m Munfvifaom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifom wnfaeonfuyif rwkevy[k qkonf/ h dk f I f d 2-pwkwpsmef orm"djzifh wnfMunfjcif; (1)? xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fjcif; (2)? xuf0ef;usif jzLpifjcif; (3)? t*FPuif;jcif; (4)? npf;aMumif;uif;jcif; (5)? El;nHpmjzpfjcif; (6)? trI cHjh cif; (7)? rwkevyjf cif;okYd l h G f I a&mufojzifh wnfwjhH cif; (8) t*FgSpyg;ESihf jynfponf[k ,ltyf\? wenf;um; wnfMunfaom pdw\ f h Hk f t*FgwkYd udk jy&mjzpfaomaMumifh (orm[daw) wnfMunfvwfaomf [laomyk'udk y,f <uif;aom Spy't&jzifh f f k f t*FgSpfyg;ukd a&wGuftyf\/ (#Dumukd rS jyqkcsufjzpfonf)/ D d
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1-eD0&PwkYd rS a0;uGmjcif;ukyif xuf0ef;usipifMu,fjcif; [k qkv\/ d f d dk 2-ighuom ar; ar; w&m;a[mygap ponfjzifh jzpfaom rme rm,m omaX,s paom tukovf dk dk w&m;wkYd udk tvkq;[k qkonf/ (#Dumukd rSonf) d dk d D 3- tpOfavQmufojzif[k qkojzifh xkowwYdk wku ua[maom tukovtMurf;wkYd udk r,ltyf? h d d k f d f dk f dk f odrarGUaom tukovwYdkuom ,ltyfaMumif; #Dum jyqk\/ f dk f dk d 4-wefc;zefqif;jcif;\ eD;aom taMumif; yg'upsmef tjzpfoYdk a&mufjcif;ukd qkv\/ (#Dum) dk d dk
139
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1-yXrtzGienf;jzifh 'd-[lonfrm NyD;pD;NyD;ajrmufaom jynfpaomt&myif jzpfonf[k qkv\? hf S h Hk d dk NyD;pD;NyD;ajrmufjcif; jynfpjHk cif;ukvnf; 'd[k qkv\/ h d d dk 2- 'kw,tzGienf;jzifh 'd[onfrm NyD;pD;NyD;ajrmufapwwf jynfpapwwfaom taMumif;rSef d hf l S h Hk taMumif;aumif;yif[k qkv\/ d dk 3- wwd,tzGienf;jzifh 'd[onfrm Bu;yGg;wk;wufaMumif;yif[k qkv\/ hf l S D d d dk
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1-jrefrmpum;acsmap&ef y&d,m,fwyg;jzifh jyefxm;onf? twdtusjyefvQif ]]okYd vmaom}}[k jzpf\/ 2-y,fjcif;oabmonf NyD;ajrmufaomaMumifh (P0dyg&d'd rnf\) [lvnf; jyeftyfonfyif/
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1- 0wKaMumif;jzpf pum;acsmap&ef jyifjyefqcsufrsm;vnf;yg0if\? aemufvnf; okYd aom dk t&mwkYd enf;wlyif rSwyg/ f
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1-vnf; y,fjcif;oabmonf NyD;ajrmufaomaMumifh (orm"d0yg&d'd rnf\) [lvnf; jyeftyf\/ d
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1-[dwf taMumif;jypum;jzifh eda&m"ormywfyif jzpfaomfvnf; orm"d0yg& jzpfoifyudk jy\/ d h Hk (#Dum) 2-ormywfu-[k omrn qkaomfvnf; pwkwpsmeformywf? okYd r[kwf eda&m"ormywfudk ,loif\? dk d h eda&m"ormywfu,vQif omoifayonf/ dk l h
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1-"Dwm,-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? orD;t&if;[laomteufudk qkvvQif"w,m-[k jzpfoif\? rm*@D\ f d dk D k h rdbwkYd onf &[ef;yoGm;Muaomtcg orD;rm*@Dudk OD;av;jzpfol plVrm*@DyPm;xH tyfxm;cJMh uonf[k "ry' k t|uxm ponfwYdk qk\? xkUd aMumifh orD;t&if;r[kwf wlrom jzpfonf? okYd jzpf "Dwm 0d,-orD;ozG,f d jzpfaomaMumifh "Dwmrnf\[k Oyrmw'dwy'Bf uH teufjyefonf/ f k
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1-"ry't|uxm tyrm'0*f omrm0wD0wK? t*Fw&t|uxm {w'*0*f ckZK w&m omrm0wD0wK k ponfwYdkrl jrwfpmbk&m;&efNidK;zGUJ xm;aom rm*@Drz&m;u jrwfpmbk&m;tm; Munfaom omrm0wDay:vnf; G d k G dk &efNidK;xm;um apmif;xJ a>rukd xnfxm;NyD; *k;acsmpum;ajymqkaMumif; jyqkxm;\/ h H d d
140
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1-2-ow0g ted|mk arwmjzifh jzefYjcif;ukjd zpfap? "mwfoabmtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;ukjd zpfap y\? H Hk f rpif paom ted|mk "mwfoabmtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd y\-[k &oifonftm; avsmfpm,SOpyf ,ltyf\/ H Hk f h G f (#Dum)
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1-2-aqGrsKd; rdwaqG paom |mk qHyif paom tokbukd ESv;oGi;jcif;ukif;? kyw&m; |mk f H Hk f d f H tedp 'ku tew 0dy&dPmr"r[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukif; ytyf\/ tedpEd-tedp [k-[laompum; (wd-[k) Hk f d [laom o'gonf ]ponf [laom teuf\? xkUd aMumifh 'ku ponfjzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;onfvnf; pufqyz,[k dS Hk f k f G f ESv;oGi;jcif;yif jzpfonf[k ,ltyf\/ (#Dumukr jyonf) Hk f d DS 3-q-6-yg;+t*F-tpdwtyki;t*Fg+Oayum-vspfvsLIjcif;-tnDtrQIjcif;=qV*Fayum-t*Fg 6-yg;Sd f d f k aom vspfvsLIjcif;? tmkH 6-yg; rcspf rrke; tnDtrQ vspfvsLIjcif;yif jzpfonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh t&d,m &[Em f wkYd rmom jzpfwwfaomaMumifh if;wkYd ut&d,'-t&d,mwkYd \ Opmjzpfaom NyD;ajrmuf jynfpjHk cif;wefc;[k qkay S dk d d h dk d onf/ tenf;i,ftm;jzifrum; 0dyema,m*DuvsmPykxZOfwYdk rmvnf; xkqV*Fayum jzpfao;onfom/ h l k S d k xkYd aMumift*Fw&t|uxm wwd, 52- ]]wH tm&'0yaum umwkH oaumwd}}[k rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ xkUd jyif h k d dk rlvyPmot|uxm? 'k 130-vnf; ]]t,H ye bduK 0D&,Aave bm0emod',m twaem 0dyeH d d cDPmo0 qV*Fayum|mae XaywDwd 0dyem0 qV*Fayum emr Zmwm}}[k rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ 0dyem k k dk a,m*Dtm; qV*Fayumjzpfyudk 0dyemIenf;usrf;? yXr ? ESm 265-ponf Munfyg/ k Hk h
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1-OaA*gyDwEiwuGjzpfaom 0dyemonf aumif;uifoYdk ysHwufapEkiaomaMumifh xkoYdk aom 0dyem d S hf d f d vnf; rSaMumif;jyonf/ (#Dumukd rS zGijhf ycsuf) d D
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1-0dZm-twwfynm-rEmef+"&-aqmifo=0dZm"&-twwfynm rEmefudk aqmifo-0dZm"k&/ l l d f 2-0dZm -twwfynm + r,-NyD;aom + 'd-NyD;ajrmufr-wefc; = 0dZm-r,d'-twwfynm\ tpGr;jzifh I dk d f NyD;ajrmufaomwefc;/ dk 3-aemuf ywdr-[laomyk'jf zifh ajcvsiwyfudk jyvwHjh zpfaomaMumifh [wr-[laom yk'jf zifvnf; d f d d h qifomrefudk rqkv?dk qifwyfuqvaMumif; od&\/ jrif;wyf &xm;wyf[k jyef&mwkYd vnf; enf;wlyif/ d dk dk dk
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1-t&m aeur-[lonfrm umrtvkqE\ qefYusifbufjzpfaomtavmb okYd r[kwf tavmb S d jy"mef;aom ukovpwK yg'fjzpfonf[k rSwtyf\? ,if;rSmvnf; psmef\ Oypm twGi;0ifonfh w&m;[k dk f d f f odtyf\/ xkdYaMumifh y#doH | y-96 ]]aeur tpSueaom ckepfyg;aom tajzwkYd udk Oypm&psmef\tpGr;tm;jzifh d k f f nTejf ytyfue\/ aeur[onfrm umrpE\ qefYusifbufjzpfaom tavmbaywnf;}}[k jyqkxm;ayonf/ k f l S d 0do'r*f r[m#Dumvnf; yXrwGJ ESm 78-- ]]aeuare-[lonfum; tavmbjy"mef;aom ukovpwK yg'fjzif/ k d dk f d h rSeay\? umr\ qefYusifbuf jzpfueaom ukovw&m;wkYd udk t&m aeur[k tvktyfue\}}[l jyqkd f k f dk f d dS k f xm;ayonf/ aemufvnf; yXrpsmef ponfudk toD;tjcm; jyvwHh jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh okYd aomt&m aeur-yk'udk yXrpsmef[k rjyefoifay/ f h
141
rSwfcsuf
1-aS;jzpfaom orm"d0yg&d'd t&d,'wYdk tusifh y#dywfjzifomvQif tus,fcsJU jycJonf? xkYd twlyif d d d h h aemufq; 'dt&mvnf; y#dord'gr*fygVd tusiy#dywfjzifom tus,csUJ jyonf? avmuD vkyief;aqmifwm Hk hf h f f rsm;ESipyf rjycJ[k qkv\/ hf h d dk
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1-qEudk tm;uk; tm;xkwjf cif;jzifh &tyfaomaMumifif;? &aomtcg ,if;orm"donf vGeuaom d h f J qEEi,OaomaMumifif; qEvQif taMumif;Saom orm"d (0g) qEveuaom orm"d[k 2-enf;zGijhf yonf/ S hf S f h d G f J (#Dum) 2-y"me-udpav;yg;ukd NyD;apaom ory"mef 0D&, + ocFg& - yvkyr0&, - y"meocFg& - jyif;pGm d f I D d tm;xkwrocFg& t&w&m;uk,tm;jzifh 0D&,yif? ory"mwf0&, 4-yg;ukqaomaMumifh A[k0pjf zifqonf/ f I d f d D d d dk k h dk 3-edyw+NyD;pD;jcif;-Ze- NyD;pD;jcif;-NyD;ajrmufjcif; t&twlwyif-[k qkv\/ d l d dk
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1-trSwf (1) tmaeOEihf xyfwuoYdk Sjd im;aomfvnf; 0D&,\tpGr;aMumifh rwkevyyudk jyvk S l hJ d f f I f Hk d jyqkjd cif;jzpfonf/ trSwf (14)vnf; orm"d\ tpGr;aMumifh rwkevyyudk jyvk xyfrH jyqkxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ f f I f Hk d d
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1-tbaAmwd y#dywdom&rd'H omoeH? y#dywd p y&d,wdrvum? wGO y&d,w O*a[wkH torawm? l d wom tbaAmwd t"dyga,m (#DumtzGi) tbA-[l&m omoemawmfonf tusiy#dywfvQif tESpom& hf hf f Sd\? y#dywfonfvnf; y&d,wfvQif t&if;rlvS\? oifonfvnf; y&d,wfudk oif,&ef rpGr;Eki?f xkYd aMumifh d l f d rjzpfxuf ruRwxuaom tbAy*Kd vf jzpfonf[k qkv\? (jrefrmjyef) dk f dk f k d dk
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1-tbA yk*Kd vfrnfonf rjzpf? taMumif;rlum; .... 0dyem"k&onfomvQif vk&if;y"me jzpfjcif;aMumifh d yif? (#Dum) 2-yAZwa0g[m&jzifh (plVyefomraPuk) &[ef;[k ac:awmfronf? wenf;um; bk&m;jzpfvwHaom d d l h tavmif;awmfudk ]]Ak'-bk&m;onf &mZ*d[oYdk <uavonf}}[k qkouJoYdk jzpfvwHh &[ef;tjzpfudk pG bduK f d h J &[ef;[k ac:awmfronf/ (#Dum) l
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1-tokbonm tedponmukd &NyD;vQif emrfyudk odr;qnf;jcif;ponfjzifh ig;yg;aom cEmwkYd Pfudk k f f csoGi; uvmyoroePf tpSaomtpOfjzifh 0dyemukd yGg;ap O',A,Pf tpSaom tpOfjzifh f d d 0dyemukd tEkva*gMwblteD;okYd a&mufaponf/ (#Dum) Hk
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1-edrwwm-yk'\ jrefrmpum;acsmatmif jyefqcsuf jzpfonf? twdtusjyefvQif zefqif;tyfueonf\ d f dk k f tjzpfaMumif-[k jzpf\/ aemufvnf; okYd aom jyefqcsufrsm; Srnf/ h dk d 2-jrefrmpum;acsmatmif jyefcsufyif jzpfonf/ twdtusjyefvQif txl;xl;aom tjcif;t&mSonfwYdk udk d yjcif;iSg tvkjdS im;tH-[k jzpfonf/ d h
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1-yk'\tpGr;tm;jzifh teufudk odapaomtm;jzifh ygVdudk (jywfom;pGm) Gwjf cif;onf y'bmP rnf\/ f f (#Dum) 2-(om,maom) toHjzifh okwf ponfwYdkudk (Munfb,jf zpfatmif) Gwqjdk cif;onf o&bn rnf\/ dk G f (#Dum) 3-(1) aS;OD;pGmtbdnmOf\ yg'upsmefukd 0ifpm;jcif;? (2) xkpsmefrx zefqif;vkaomt&mukd d S d umrm0p&pdwjf zifh ]rnfoYdk jzpfap}[k y&duH yjcif;? (3) wzef tbdnmOf\ yg'upsmefudk 0ifpm;jcif;? (4) xkpsmefrS d xNyD;aemuf tvk&mukd ]rnfoYdk jzpfap}[k (tm0Ze; y&duH Oypm a*gMwbl-[laom umrm0p&pdwrsm; aSUaqmif d dS f f aom) pwkwpsmef tbdnmOfpwjf zifh t"d|mefjcif;? (5) xkt"d|mefpwEihf wydieufvtyfaom zefqif;rI NyD;ajrmuf d d d f S f dk jcif; - t"d|mefzefqif;rI [lorQ tpDtpOftwki;yif[k nTe;onf/ d f f
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1-y#d-qefYusibufudk + [&-aqmifom;wwf-y,fm;wwfonf = y#d[&-yg#d[m&d,-qefYusifzufudk f G S y,fm;wwfaomtrI? xkygVd[m&d,ukd jym#d[m-[k jrefrmjyefMuonf/ ,if; yg#d[m&d,-jym#d[monf (1) 'd S d yg#d[m&d,-wefc;jym#d[m? (2) tma'oemygVd[m&d, - wifuda[m - twyfa[m jym#d[m? (3) tEkomoeD dk ygVd[m&d, - qk;rnTeMf um;rI jym#d[m-[l okH;yg; tjym;Sd\/ xkwif t&m trSwf (1) jym#d[mukd H d G qkvaomaMumifh yg#d[m&d,-yk'udk wefc;jym#d[m[k teufjyefonf/ d dk H f dk 2-0d -tvk;pkaom+ur-trISdonf=0dur-0douH-trIup tvk;pkudk zefqif;yvkywwfo/ H H d H H f l
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1-tyd p\ teufjzpfonf/ enf; wefc;Siujdk yjcif;r[kwyJ i&Jjynf ewfjynfwYdkuom jyjcif; dk f f dk jzpfonf/
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1-jrwfpmbk&m;\ a'oemtpOft& o*uxmjzifh ewfpnf;pdrwYdk pdwnwapNyD;aemuf umr*kP\ G f f G f f tjypfponfudk a[mjcif;jzifh r*fzvw&m;xl;ukd &aponf[k odtyf\? ewfpnf;pdrrQom pGrufae&efum; dk f f J r[kway/ (#Dumukd rS jyonf) f D
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1-jrefrmpum; rSnarsmap&ef 0guscG jyefxm;onf/ rcGyjJ yefvQif xktaemZma'0Dtm; tNcHt&Hre;r f J J d d f waxmifEiwuG xktaemZma'0D aomwmywzv wnfatmif trwfwYdk onf tem*grdzv r[muye S hf d d dk f dk f d rif;onf t&[wzv wnfatmif w&m;ukd a[mawmfr\-[k jzpf\/ dk f l
147
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1-tqkonf .... ravmifay[k qkonfEitnDyif/ xkYd jyif .... a[mawmfronfEivnf; tnDyif-[k d d S hf l S hf pyfyg/
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1-tE&[dawm yk'\teufjzpfonf? if;yk'udk ]]*gxmukwqcNhJ yD}} [laom pum;ESipyfyg/ f f d G f dk hf
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1-ESm 95- xkwjf ycJaom ygVdrS (8) trSwjf y pmyk'jf zpfonf/ if;ukd jrefrmjyefvQif ]]wHwi;wzufoYdk eH&H h d dk f wzufoYdk awmifwzufoYdk aumif;uif oGm;ouJoYdk rNidrxdyJ oGm;\}}[k jzpfonf/ h
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1-yguma&m-wHwi;onf? yAawm-awmifonf [laomyk'wYdk udk iJ okoa&m-tacgif;Sdonf? qda'gdk f f h d taygufonf[k ykvijf zifh qkonf/ (#Dum) tacgif; tayguf oufoufudk qkvvQif oko&H qd'-[k eykvif dS d d d dk d H d jzifh qk&monf/ xkoYdk qkvQif tacgif;jzpfav\? taygufjzpfav\-[k jyef&ayrnf? jrefrmpum;yk acsmonf/ d d d d 2-yx0DuokP; ponfwYdk wif trSwrSd wyg;yg;aom uokP; psmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQif y&duH y d f G f d f tmumo jzpfap[k "d|meftyf\? xkoYdk yoif&m0,f ]]Spyg;aom ormywfwYdk 0oDabmfajrmufjcif;onf omvQif d h f yrmP r[kwygavm}}[k taMumif;jypum;ukd rdeYf q\/ (#Dum) f dk 3-yrmP[laom pum;jzifh ckivaom om"utaMumif;jzpfonfudk jy\? xkyrmP taMumif;ukd d f Hk d 0do'r*f-jrefrmjyefyXrwGJ ESm 232 atmufajcrSwcsuf Munfyg/ k d f h
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1-(tMuiftMuift&mukd tvkdSd\? xkxt&myif jzpfonf[aom) pum;jzifh ]]ajr ikyjf cif; ay:jcif;ukd d dk l &m0,f tmayguokP;0ifpm;jcif;ukd a&ponfwYdk ajrzefqif;&m0,f yx0DuokP; 0ifpm;jcif;ukd {uefrcs d f d f k tm;jzifh tvktyfonfr[kw}f }[k qkv\/ (#Dum) d dS d dk 2-&umrQudk rqkvaomaMumifif;? y#doH X- ]]vmabm t twDwdvmbD}}-[k twdo, d dk h teufa[m -ypn;zGihf zGijhf yxm;aomaMumifif; Ekieif;pGm&ol-[k jyefonf/ f h d f
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1-apawm0odyawm-yk'\ wdusjynfpaomteuf jzpfonf/ okYd aomf vufonf;uGi; twGi;Spum;ukd f h Hk f f d ausmfzwfvQif jrefrmpum;yk acsmonf/ d 2-aS;t"d|mef\ tpGr;jzifyifvQif .... jzpfEiaom tcGitaMumif;r[kwonfomwnf;-[k pyfyg/ f h dk f hf f
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1-ESm 59- jycJaom ygVdrS (C) trSwjf y ygVdudk xkwjf yonf/ if;\ jrefrmjyef tjynftpkrmh h H S ]]ajrvnf; ikyjf cif;ay:jcif;ukd y\ a&xJuJoYdk yif}}[k jzpfonf/ h
148
2-OrKZ edrZ-[l tjrwfudk aSUxm;qkonfh ygVdt&tm;jzifh ay:jcif;ikyjf cif;-[k tpOfvuf jyefoifh k d dk aomfvnf; jzpfpOft&tm;jzifif;? jrefrmpum;t&tm;jzifif; ikyjf cif;u yXrjzpfonf? xkYd aMumifh ikyjf cif;ay:jcif;[k h h jyefonf/
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1-ESm 59- jycJaom ygVdrS (i) trSwjf y ygVdudk xkwjf yonf/ if;\ jrefrmjyef tjynftpkrm- ]]ruGJh h H S ruRaom a&vnf; oGm;\ ajruJoYdk yif}}[k jzpfonf/ H h
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1-ESm 59- jycJaom ygVdrS (p) trSwjf y ygVdudk xkwjf yonf/ if;\ jrefrmjyef tjynftpkrm h h H S ]]aumif;uifvnf; wifyvif acGjzifh (xkivsu) oGm;\ tawmifaom iSuuoYdk yif}}[k jzpf\/ d f f dS f hJ
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1-pdwonf wnfMunfaeonfom r[kwygavm-[l&m wefc;jym#d[m\ tpGr;jzifh jzpfaeqJ f f dk f wefc;Si\ pdwonf pifppfaumif;pGmxm;tyfonf wnfMunfonfom? tcgwyg;uJoYdk rwnfMunfonf dk f f h r[kw[k qkv\? xktqkonfum; plVmb,rax&f\ tvkrQomjzpfonf/ rSeay\? aS; yx0D uokP;psmefudk f d dk d d d f d f 0ifpm; ajrjzpfatmif "d|mefoGm;\? ,cktcgrl tmumoukd tvkdSdtyf\? xkYd aMumifh tmumouokP;psmefudk d f 0ifpm;tyfonfomwnf;/ xkYd aMumifh ]]xkoYdk yif qkjd im;aomfvnf;}} ponfudk t|uxm rdeYf qayonf/ (#Dum) d dk 2-wda&mukjym#d[m qkcaom enf;jzifyifvQif yusityfayonf[&m xkjd ym#d[m0,f eH&ponfonf d hJ h hf l H tmumo jzpfap[k "d|mefjcif;jzifh tmumo jzpfouJoYdk twlyif t&mvnf; topfay:vmaom awmif h opfyifponfudk "d|mefjcif;jzifh tmumoy oGm;tyf\-um;qkvaom teuf/ wenf;um; wda&mukjym#d[m d dk qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifomvQi-[lonfum; ]]xk&[ef;onf t"d|mefy oGm;aepOftMum; awmifaomfif; d h f d opfyifaomfif; tu,f aygufvmjim;tH}h } ponfjzifh xkjd ym#d[mt&m qkcaomenf;jzifh ([k qkv\)/ pum; d hJ d dk jzifh aS;t"d|mef\ tpGr;jzifyifvQif xkwefc;Sif &[ef;rSm tMum; OwkaMumifjh zpfaom awmifaomfif; opfyif f h d dk aomfif; ay:vmvdrrnf [laom t&monf jzpfEiaom tcGitaMumif; r[kwonfomwnf;}}[k qkxm; hf dk f hf f d aomaMumifh e*g;ponfwYdk u ytyfvwHaom taESmift,Suonf oGm;jcif;\ tE&m,fudk ryEki[k jy\? (#Dum) h h f d f
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1-ESm 59- jycJaomygVdrS (q) trSwjf y ygVdudk xkwjf yonf/ ,if;ygVdudk tvG,wul odap&ef jrefrm h f jyefxm;onf/ 2-uRe;BuD;ok;ckwYdk tvif;a&mifudk yykum; uRe;BuD;wck\ tv,fA[k wnfaepOf taSUzuf uRef; f H H f d ae-v 0ifqJ ta&mifjzifh taemufzufuRef; wufqJ xGuay:qJ ta&mifjzifvif;apMuonf? (#Dumukd rS f h D jyonf)/ xkoYdk vif;apykudk taMumif;y ok;uRef;vif;ckuf wuRef;rku[k qkMd uayonf/ d H H d d f
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1-tdraxmifonftG,f tysKdtG,f orD;unmtG,ueaom ok;rsKd;aom uacsonfrwkYd jzif/ (#Dum) f f dS k f H h
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1-t&m vk&if;ukom csKH; jyefxm;onf/ d d
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1-Am"wd-ESypuf\-[lonfum; yifyef;krQuom jzpfaponf/ (#Dum) roem;riJnmyJ ESypufjcif;rsK; d f H dk h d f d r[kw[k qkv\/ f d dk
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1-e*g;u taSUtaemuf avsmif;aeaomaMumifh taSUtaemuf pBuom;jcif; jzpfonf[k #Dumjyqk\/ G d
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1-ESm 22-rSwcsuf jycJaomygVdrS (Z) trSwygVdudk xkwjf yonf/ f h f
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1-]],rkujf ym#d[m jyyGtqk;}} tpSaom pum;jzifh (wd0ur) ok;z0g;wkYd jzifh wm0womokYd xl;jcm; d J H d d H aom <ujcif;\ t"d|mefwefc;jzifh NyD;jcif;ukd qkonf/ tjcm;aom ygxdu t|uxm (vuP okwtzGi)um; dk d f hf okywd|dwyg'vuPm\ tmedoif tusKd;tjzpfudk qkxm;ayonf/ xktqkEprsKd;ukd tcsif;csif; rqefYusifatmif d d d S f pdppf ,ltyf\/ (#Dum)
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1-jrefrmpum;acsmatmif tenf;i,faGU jyefxm;onf/ S&if;ygVdtpOftwki;qkvQif ]],lZem ok;q,f d d f d H Saom ouFrdUc&D;ukd csKH; xkcPtwGi;yifvQif}}[k jzpfonf/ d d f
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1-r[maAm"dyifudk [l&m ty&mZdw yviawmfwnf&m r[maAm"dyifudk (qkvonf)/ xkoYdk Sc;&ef f d dk d d dk pdwjf zpfonf\ tjcm;rJyifvQif ajrukif;? ork'&mukif; csKH; r[maAm"dudk teD; yavonf/ (#Dum) h d d
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1-rSeay\? uk,\ oGm;jcif;onf aES;\-aES;aom r[mbkwvQif taMumif;SaomaMumif-[k qkv\/ f d f f d h d dk t&m onfum; qkvaom teufaywnf;? xifm; jrif&aom uk,jf zifh oGm;vkjd cif;\ tpGr;jzifh pdwudk d dk S d f f nGwap (ajymif;vJap)aom a,m*Donf yg'upsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;vQifx ]]pdwonf uk,uoYdk aES;aom f f d f hJ oGm;jcif; Sonfjzpfap}}[k y&duudk y\/ xkoYdk y&duH yjcif;uk&nf ]]yg'upsmefpwu,}}[k qkayonf/ y&duH d H d d d f dk l d yNyD;vQirum; wzef0ifpm; Pfjzifh "d|mefvsuf xkpwudk uk,wif\? uk,Eitvm;wl aES;aom oGm;jcif; f l d d f d f d f S hf Saom y\/ (#Dum) d 2-Mourwm-oufa&muf [laom ygVduyif Mourwd-oufa&muf\[k xkwfjyonf/ tmkHSdaom .... d G dk pdwEi[k pyfyg/ f S hf 3-okconm [lonfum; okcESiwuGjzpfaom onmwnf;? onmukd acgif;wyfjyaom pum;jzpfonf/ hf (#Dum) okc [lonfrmvnf; pwkwpsmef okcrS?d Oayumom Sonf? xkOayumukyif NidroufaomaMumifh S d d d f t&m okc[k qkonf? okYd jzpf Nidroufaom xkOayumESiwuGjzpfaom onmESiwuG pdwapwodutaygif;ukd d f d hf hf f f okconm[k qkonf? xkUd aMumifh pwkwpsmefoYdka&mufvQif ,if;okconmokYd a&mufonfomjzpfonf/ t&m d um; wefc;zefqif;aom tbdnmOfpwEi,Oaom onmponfuom vQif okconm[k qkonf/ dk d f S hf S f dk d
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1- ]]0if\? awGUxd\? aumif;pGm a&muf\}}[laom yk'wYdk jzifh oufa&muf\-[laom yk'uyif f f dk xyfqif zGijhf yonf/ h 2-xkd okconmukyifvQif .... v[konm-[lvnf; odtyfayonf-[k pyfyg/ d
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1-xifm;jrif&aomuk,jf zifh okYd oGm;&m oGm;vk&mt&yfudk &nf oGm;vkjd cif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh S d d f jzpfaom y&duH yjcif;ESihf "d|mefjcif;wkYd onfomvQif yrmPaywnf;? xkrQjzifh oGm;jcif;NyD;ajrmuf\? xkYd aMumifh vrf; d zefqif;jcif;? avukd "d|mefjcif;wkYd Eihf uif;vnf; vk&mt&yfoYdk a&mufjcif; jzpfay\/ (#Dum) S d 2-qkconftwki; pdwudk "d|mefjcif;yNyD;aom-[k qkv\/ d hJ h d f f d dk 3-kyu,udk ,l -[lonfum; kyu,udk tmkH yonftpGr;jzifh y&duH pdwjf zif, ([k qkv\)/ f dk f f dk f h f h l d dk 4-pdw wif\-[lonfum; ]]uk,onf pdwuoYdk jzpfap}}[k yg'u psmefpw wif\? f d f f hJ d f xkpwtvm; Sonfudk y\/ xkYd aMumifh ]]pdwEitvm;wl jrefaom oGm;jcif;Satmify\}}[k qkdayonf/ pdwf\ d d f d f S hf d oGm;jcif;[lonfrm pdw\jzpfjcif;ukd qkonf/ (#Dum) S f d
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1-jrefrmpum;acsmap&ef tenf;i,f jyif jyefxm;onf/ twdtusjyefvQif ]]xkwefc;Si\ ta0; d kd f Sonfuvnf; teD; jzpfatmif "d|mef\? okYd tpSaom tMuif "d|mefjcif;onfvnf; (S\)}}[k jzpf\? d dk d d 2-tenf;i,fjyif jyefxm;onf/
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1-y#dord'gr*ft|uxm tzGiudk pdppfxm;onfrm - 0do'r*fum; ]]qifuvnf; jy\-okdY hf S k d dk paom pum;ukd t&m tjyifyvnf; qif ponfudk jyonf\tpGr;tm;jzifh qkxm;ayonf/y/ jrif; ponf f d wkYd vnf; enf;yifwnf;}}[k qkxm;\? xkd tqkonf ]](yuwd0PH 0dZ[dwm) yuwdtoGiudk pGeYf }}[k d d G f a[mxm;aom rlvyk'Eiif;? wrsK;wrnf zefqif;jcif; [laom 0duAe'tjzpfEiif; qefYusi\/ rSeay\? f S hf d k d d S hf f f ygVdawmf a[mxm;onftpOfjzifh yuwdtoGiudk rpGeYf r "d|mefjcif;\tpGr;jzifh wyg;aom toGiudk jyjcif;onf h f l f f t"d|med'd rnf\? yuwdtoGiudk pGeYf "d|mefjcif;\tpGr;jzifh rdru,udk wyg;aom tjcif;t&mtoGijf zifh f f d dk f jyjcif;onf 0duAe'rnf\/ (um;y#dord'gr*f t|uxm pdppfjyqkcsufjzpfonf/) k d d d
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1-u&@m-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? xkwif yXrteufonf ayVm,-[k zGiaom #DumESitnD jzpfonf? f d G hf hf 'kw,teufonf yk&mPwpuOKuawm-ta&cGa[mif;rS-[k zGiaom y#dord'gr*f t|uxmESitnD jzpfonf? d H hf hf if;ukd ]]edarmumwd p-a>ra&cGr}S }[lvnf; zGiMhf uaMumif; #Dumvnf; qk\/ t&m a>rESihf u&@ H d wl&rnf jzpf a>ra&cGr-[laom 'kw,teufom oifayonf/ H S d h
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1-'dAaomwtbdnmOfuyif 'dAaomw"mwf[k qkonf/ dk d
151
2-tbdnmOfo;yg;[lonfrm jrefrmjyef wwd,wGJ ESm 3- jycJaom apawmy&d,tbdnmOf Hk S h ykaAe0gotbdnmOf 'dApuKtbdnmOfwYdk yif jzpfonf/ d 3-tvk;pkwYdk [lonfrm 'dAaomw"mwfudk jyaom ygVdif; <uif;aom tbdnmOfo;yg;ukd jyaom H H S Hk ygVdif;- ygVdtm;vk;wkYd ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) H d dk +-aom 'dAm, aomw"mwk,m 0do'g, twduErmEkoum, Oabm oa' okPmwd 'daA p rmEkao k d p a, 'la& oEau p-[laom ygVd&if;rS zGifhjyoifhaom yXr 2-yk'udk aS;OD;pGmxkwjf yonf/ xkygVdtm;vk;ukd d f d H jrefrmjyefvQif atmufygtwki; jzpfonf/ d f xka,m*D&[ef;onf pifMu,faom vlwYdk\ em;ukausmveaom (0g-vlwYdk \ em;xuf omvGeaom) d d f G f f 'dAaomw"mwfjzifh ewfjynf toHwYdkEihf vlUjynf toHwYdk[aom ESprsK;aom toHwYdkuMdk um;\? ta0; toH S l f d teD; toHwYdk uvnf; Mum;\/ (um; xkdygVd\ jrefrmjyef) dk
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1-aumif;rIuaMumifh jzpfay:vmayonf-[lonfum; ,kMH unf o'gtjzpfrsm;jcif; pifMu,faom t,l H Sjd cif; tusKd;tmedoifudk jrifjcif;ponfwYdk \ jynfpjHk cif;jzifh aumif;pGmyusityfaomaMumifh okpkuf rnfaom h hf d ewfavmu jzpfapwwfaom aumif;rIuaMumifh jzpfay:vmayonf ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) H d dk 2-0D&,jzifh tm;xkwonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifomvQif NyD;ajrmuf jynfpaomaMumifh ukovudk yGg;aprI d f f h h Hk dk f (ukovbm0em) tm;vk;yif 0D&, bm0emrnf\? wenf;um;- jyif;pGm tm;xkwrI [laom yvkyrocFg&wkYd Eihf H d f f I S jynfpaom 'dyg'fudk yGg;aprIonfvnf; 0D&,bm0emrnf\? xk0&,bm0em\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfay:vm h Hk d d D d f ayonf/ (#Dum)
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1-aomw-Mum;wwfaom em;+"mwk-"mwf-oabmw&m; = aomw"mwf-em;"mwfoabm/
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1-y&duH yrIjzpfaom toD;tjcm;orm"dpwjf zifh ([k qkv\)? 'dAaomwPf\ udwifjyifqifr- y&duH d d dk I tvktm;jzifh jzpfaom cPduorm"djzifh aumif;pGm xm;tyfaom (0g-aumif;pGm wnfMunfaom) pdwjf zifh um; d (y&durorm"dpawe) yk'\ teufaywnf;/ (#Dum) d f 2-toHerwf [lonfum; Pfjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh toHonfyifvQif toHerwrnf\? d d d d f wenf;um; (0do'r*f-jrefrmjyef 'kw,wGJ ESm 362-3) qkdtyfcJhNyD;aom (aS;aS;toHukd) pGJ pGJ &tyfaom k d d (aS;aemuf) toHwYdk \ Murf;wrf; El;nHaom tMuiftjcif;t&monf S\? xkd tjcif;t&monf toHerwrnf\/ h d d d f xkUd aMumifyif toHwYdk \ toHerwu-[k qkayonf/ (#Dum) h d d f dk d
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1-usonf jzpfavawmh\-[lonfum; 'dAaomw"mwfonf twGi;0if\? ,cktcg xk&[ef;rSm f d xk'Aaomw"mwftwGuf bm0emtm; xkwjf cif;ukd tvkrStyfawmhNyD-rvkawmhNyD-um; teuf/ (#Dum) d d d d d
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1-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd pum;onf yd-o'gtwGujf zpfonf? xktwGuf tusKd;Srnf rxifaomaMumifh f f d d ,if;ukd vufonf;uGi;jzifjh yxm;onf/ f
152
2-aom {0H orm[daw pdaw/y/ tmaeOyaw apawmy&d,Pm, pdwH tbde[&wd tbdeEm arwd? D d aom y&owmeH y&yk*vmeH apwom apawm y&dp yZmemwd o&m*H 0g pdwH o&m*H pdwEyZm emwd? 0Dw&m*H 0g d pdwH 0Dw&m*H pdwEd yZmemwd-ponfjzifh a[mxm;aom ygVdawmfrS apawmy&d,Pm,-apawmy&d,Pf tvkdYiSg-[laom yk'uzi&ef xkwjf yonf/ aemufvnf; y&owmeH tpSaom zGioifaomyk'wYdk udk xkw f dk G hf d hf h f f zGijhf yoGm;onf/
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1- odv,aomenf;jzifh csKH; jyefxm;onf/ G f 2-y&dpy'\ teufjzpfonf? yki;jcm; od\-[k pyfyg/ k f d f
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1-[',lyH-[lonfum; [',0wKkyf r[kw?f pifppfaomfum; ESv;om;kyaywnf;? (xktzGiEitnD Hk f d hf S hf ESv;om;kyu-[k jyefxm;onf)/ ,if; ESv;om;kyudk ]]tjyify MumikoPmef Sonf twGi; oyGwcg;oD; Hk f dk Hk f H d f f (twGi;om;)ESihf wlonf}}[l qktyfayonf/ xkEv;om;kyudk rS ,ck jyqkrnfaoG;onf wnfay\/ f d d S Hk f D d h [',0wKkyonfum; aoG;ukd rS jzpfonf/ (#Dum) f D 2-'dApuKjzifh ESv;aoG;\ tqif;ukd jrif pdwf odEiyudk rSp jyonf/ Hk dk f Hk 3-a,m*D&[ef;onf MunfhISmvsuf tm;Sdatmifytyf\[k pyfyg/
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1-em;vnfv,ap&ef 0dbwfteufajymif;vJ jyefxm;onf/ G f 2-pdwfSpfck\ okyudk aemuf cEea'o Munfyg/ aemufaemufpwwYdk \ okyrsm;ukvnf; f d h I d f f d xkea'oyif Munfyg/ d d h I 3-umr ly tly avmukw&m-[laom bkav;yg; twGi;0ifaompdwwYdk udk bkav;yg; qki&m[k H f f H d f jyefqxm;onf? xkoYdk jyefjcif;jzifh (aom) [laom 0daooewckavsmh jrefrmpum; acsmarmjcif; tusKd;S\/ dk d d
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1-,if;pdwav;ckonf &m*ESihf r,SOaomfvnf; &m*\ qefYusibufr[kwaomaMumifh 0Dw&m*vnf; f f f f rrnf[k qkv\/ d dk
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1-r[*KwfrS <uif;aompdw[onfrm umrm0p&pdwf 54-yg;ESihf avmukw&mpdwf (8)yg;wkYd jzpfonf/ f l S 2- Pfjzifh odtyfaom pdwwYdk udk (1) o&m* 0Dw&m* wpk?H (2) oa'go 0Dwa'go wpk?H (3) f oarm[ 0Dwarm[ wpk?H (4) oHcw 0duw wpk?H (5) r[*Kwf tr[*Kwf wpk?H (6) oOw& tEkw& wpk?H d d (7) orm[dw torm[dw wpk?H (8) 0drw t0drw wpktm;vk;aygif; 16-yg; tjym;jzifh jyxm;onf/ xkpwf k k H H d d wkYd udk apawmy&d,Pfjzifh od&m &m*ESiwuGjzpfaom pdwf &m*uif;aom pdwf okYd ponf omreftm;jzifom hf h odonfr[kw?f rnfoYdky&ef rnfoYkBd uHonf ponfjzifh pdwu;BuHpnfyHk tvk;pkuvnf; odEiay\/ f l H H dk dk f
153
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1-aom {0H orm[daw pdaw/y/ tmaeOyaw ykaAe0gomEkwdPm, pdwH tbde[&wd d D tbdeEmarwd? aom taeu0d[wH ykaAe0goH tEk&wd-[laom bk&m;a[m ygVdawmfrS rzGi&ao;aom d d d hf yk'opfudk zGijhf y&ef xkwjf yonf/ f 2- ed0go-ed0w-aebl; [lonfrm rdru,tjzpfjzifh odr;yku tmkH ybl; cHpm;bl;aom w&m;rsm; k S d dk f f d f xkpOftcgu rdroEmef jzpfay:cJb;aom w&m;rsm;yif jzpfonf/ d d h l 3-wenf;tzGijhf zifh ]]aS;u pdw0nmOfjzifh tmkH ycJb; odcb;aomw&m;wdYk \ ed0gornfaMumif;}} f d h l hJ l jy\/ ]]xkocb;aom w&m;wkYd onfvnf; rdr\ pdw0nmPfjzifh odcb;aomw&m; wyg;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk \ d d hJ l d f d hJ l pdw0nmPfjzifh odcb;aomw&m;}}[l ESprsKd;SaMumif;ukvnf; jy\? xkwif y&deAmefpavukeNf yD;aom bk&m; f d hJ l f d d d G d H &[EmwkYd \ pdw0nmPfjzifh odcb;aom w&m;wkYd url Ak'b&m;wkYd onfomvQif atmufarhEionf[vnf;jy\/ f d hJ l dk k dk f l
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1-0guswkYd ygVdaemufoYdk rvkuyJ jrefrmpum;acsmatmif jyefxm;onf/ d f 2-tzGifh 2-&yfjzifh taeu0d[w-yk'udk d H f a[mtyf-csJUjytyfaom}}[lif; teufjyef&efjy\/ ]]rsm;aomtjym;Saom}}[lif;? d ]]rsm;aomtjym;wkYd jzifh
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1-taMumif;jy pum;jzifh 0dyem tm;xkwjf cif;onf ykaAe0goPf\ taMumif;xl;jzpfaMumif; d jyonf/ (#Dum)
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1-wckaomb0\ pkwudk atmufarhNyD;aemuf xkb0\ tv,fyi;ukd rqifjcifawmhyJ ckeausmf d d dk f f xkb0\ y#doaEudk atmufarhjcif;onf pkwy#doaEtvktm;jzifh atmufarhjcif; rnf\/ (#Dumukd rSonf) d d d D
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1-Pfawmfonf .... xkUd twlyif tMum; tMum;b0wkYd rNiduyf-ponfjzifh pyfyg/ 2-tavhtusifh yNyD;aom .... av;orm;\-[k pyfyg/
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1-vSn;tpD; ESpq,f ok;q,f oGm;avmufonf-[laom pum;onf #DumtzGihf jzpfonf? ,ckacwf f f H h aomfvnf; xkrQ us,jf yefYaomvrf;rBuD;um; Strxif? Oyar,steuf *kPajrmufap&ef jyonf[k ,l&m\/ d d hH f
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1-okdYyaomyk*dK vfonf .... twlyif .... x .... qifjcifNyD;ukd rqifjcifawmhyJ-ponfjzifh pyfyg/
154
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1-tMuiftcgrl .... ESv;oGi; qifjcifpwonf jzpfay:\? xkpwf csKyfvwfaomf .... aZmwkYd onf jzpfay: Hk f d f d d uke\? xkdtcg-[k pyfyg/ f
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1-xkdcEmtpOfum; .... atmufarhEkdif\ axmifui;twGi;Sd pum;pkonf 0do'r*f ]]ao,sxd'?H h G f f k d {urd Zmw a'Gyd Zmwda,m/y/ wd omum&H oOa'oH taeu0d[wH ykaAe0goH tEk&wd}}[k xkwjf y d d xm;aom ygVd\ bmomjyefjzpfonf/ 2-{urd Zmw-[laomygXfudk jrefrmpum;acsmap&efEihf ocsmor@e Xmeya,m*vnf; rysuap&ef S F d f aS;aemufjyef jyefcsufjzpfonf/ aemufy'wYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ k f
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1-tpOftm;jzif-[laom pum;jzifh wydieuf r[kwyJ tcsKdUu aS;us? tcsKdUu aemufusvsuf h f f wjznf;jznf;csi; jzpfysuonfudk jyonf/ aemufvnf; vkt&mrsK; enf;wlyif od&m\/ f f d d
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1-aS;aemufpum; 2-&yfEihf om acsmarmap&ef aexGuf ae0ifudk ae0if aexGu-[k aS;aemuf S f jyefxm;onf/
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1-tdE,tv,fyi; a[maom okwrsm;t& tdE,tv,fyi; xifm;aom**Fg,rkem tpd&0wD d dk f f d dk f S r[Do&bl-[laom jrpfBuD;ig;oG,wYdkuom jyxm;jcif;jzpfonf? ,if;wkYd Eihf tvm;wl tjcm;jrpfBuD;wkYd vnf; f dk S enf;wlyif ,ltyf\/
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1-wEd O'uH/ tmwd 0gw-[laom #DumzGijhf ycsuf t&tm;jzifqvQif xka&xkonf xkavxktm;h dk d d [k jyef&m\/
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1-odyq&mwkYd url aeonf tcsif;tm;jzifh 864 393-rkicefY Sonf[k qkMd u\/ xkrQavmuf BuD;us,f H d f d d aomaeonf xkcPwGirS kww&uf jzpfvmoavm? okYd r[kwf apmapmuyif Saeoavm[k pOf;pm;bG,\? d f f d f dS apmapmuyif Saejim;aomfvnf; rdrwYdk \ uk,a&mifjzifyif jynfpaeaomaMumifh owdrrlMuojzifh urmOD; d d d f h h Hk vlwYdk tm; apmapmu rxifm;cJao;? rdrwYdk \ uk,a&mif aysmufu,om; tvif;a&mifudk vkvm;awmifw S h d d f G f G d h ajrmvifMh uaom tcg ae0ef;BuD; xGuay:vmonfudk awGUMu&ojzifh xktcgusrS xifm;onf[k ,lvQif f f d S oif&m\/ v0ef;ay:vm&mvnf; enf;wlyif ,lvQif oif&m\/ h h
155
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1-odyq&mwkYd url Mu,fwYdkudk tjcm;pMu0VmwkYd rS aersm;jzpfaMumif;jyqkMd uuke\? xktvktm;jzifh euwf H f d d Mu,fwm&mwkYd onf apmapmuyif SaeMuaomfvnf; rdrwYdk uk,a&mifuom tm;uk;yaepOf tcgu owdryrd d d d f dk d Mu rxifSm;Muao;? rdrwYdk u,a&mif uG,aysmufom;aomtcgusrS owdyrdMu ,if;wkYd udk xifm;awGUjrif d dk f f G S Mu&onf[k ,lvQif oif&m\/ h
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1-oav;qefcif;okYd oGm; waeYpmom ,laeMu&mwGif ysi;&doonf 2-&ufpm,lc\? xkoYdk ,lyudk f l hJ d Hk twkvkduf 2-&ufpm 3-&ufpmponf ,lMuykudk qkdonf/ H
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1-0d0|m,Duyf tE&uyfaygif; 64-uyfSd\? vlwYdk \ toufwrf;toacsFrS qkw,w f k f q,fEpwrf; a&mufaomtcg a&m*E&uyfowE&uyf 'kAuE&uyfwYdk wif wyg;yg;jzifh vlrsm;pk ysufp; S f d G D useaom vltenf;i,fu ukovw&m;ukd yGg;apMuojzifh q,fEpwef;rS toacsFwrf;odYk jyefa&mufonf? odYk f dk f S f qkwuyfEihf wufuyfwpHukd tE&uyf wckac:onf? xkoYdk aomuyf 64-ckonf? aupd0g't& tm;jzifrl f S k d dS h xkoYdk aom tE&uyf 20-Sdonf[k qkd\? tjcm;toacsF,suyf ok;ckwYdk onfvnf; 0d0|m,D toacsF,s d H uyfEitoD;toD; umvtm;jzifh wlnonf[k odtyf\/ S hf D
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1-oH0uyf ow0gwkYd onf jA[mjh ynfom SMd u\? xkUd aMumifh pum;rSm tjcm;uyfwYdkvnf; atmufarhytwGuf enf;jypum;rQom jzpfonf[k ,ltyf\/ Hk 2-ESpy'udk .... atmufarhytaejzifh a[m (tyf)onf[k pyfyg/ f k f Hk
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1-okYd tpSaom pum;ukrl .... jyjcif;iSg qkdtyfayonf[k pyfyg/ d d
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1-aom {0H orm[daw pdaw/y/ tmaeOyaw owmeH pkwyygwPm, pdwH tbde[&wd l D tbdeEmarwd/ aom 'daAe puKem0doa'e twduErmEkoaue oaw ywd p 0rmae OyyZrmae[Dae d k yPDaw ok0aP 'kAaP ok*aw 'k*aw? ,xmurKya*oaw yZmemwd ]]ar 0w abmaEm owm um, 'kp&awe orEm*wm 0pD'p&awe orEm *wm raem'kp&awe orEm*wmt&d,meH Oy0g'um rdpm'd|um d k d d d rdpm'd|urorm'gem? aw um, ab'g y&H r&Pm tyg,H 'k*w 0deygwH ed&,H Oy yEm/ ar0gye d d abmaEm owm um,okp&dawe orEm*wm 0pDop&dawe orEm*wm raemokp&dawe orEm*wm t&d,meH k tEky0g'umorm'd|um orm'd|urorm'gem? aw um, ab'g y&H r&Pm ok*w o*H avmuH OyyEm}}wd/ d d wd 'daAe puKem 0doa'e/y/ oaw yZmemwd-[laom bk&m;a[m ygVdrS rzGi&ao;aom pkwyygw k hf l Pm,-[laom yk'udk zGi&ef xkwjf yonf/ aemufaemufvnf; ygVdrS rzGi&ao;aom yk'rsm;ukd xkw xkw f hf hf f f f zGijhf yoGm;onf/ ygVdrwwfaomyk*Kd vfwYdk tvG,wul odem;vnfap&ef xkygVdudk tusOf;csKyf jrefrmjyefjyOD;tH/ f d h pwkwpsmef&NyD;aom xk&[ef;onf qkconftwki; pdwonf wnfMunfvwfaomf/ y/ rwkevyjf cif; d d hJ h d f f f I okYd a&mufvwfaomfow0gwkYd \ pkwEihf y#doaE odaomPftvkYd ig pdwudk aS;Iaqmif\ aS;InGwfap\/ d S S f xkoYdk nGwapaom &[ef;onf txl;pifMu,faom vlUrsupxuf omvGeaom 'dApuKjzifh (0g-ewfrsupEihf d f f d f f d S wlaom Pfrsufpjd zif) ow0gwkYd udk jrif\? (b,fvdk ow0gwkYd udk jrifoenf;[lr) aoqJow0gwkYd udk b0opf h l
156
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1-Zkwteuf 'd0"mwfjzifh NyD;onf[k jy\? tvktm;jzifh 'daAevif;aom-[k teufjyef&m\/ d k d 2-*wdteuf 'd0"mwfjzifNh yD;onf[k jy\? tvktm;jzifh 'daAeeH&H awmifponfwYdk udk azmufxi; k d G f oGm;Edif jrifEiaom[k teufjyef&m\/ k dk f
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1-0do'y'f twduErmEkouyk'wYdk \ teufudk zGijhf yNyD; rlvS&if;0dbwfjzifh jyefjyaom 0dbwsE k k f d tzGihf jzpfonf? ygVd tusKd;rsm;\? jrefrmjyefum; tusK;rrsm;ay? okYd aomf 0do'r*f SorQ jynfpap&ef d k d d h Hk xktzGiuvnf; vufonf;uGi;jzifh yki;jcm; jyvkuonf/ d hf dk f d f d f
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1-yGg;ap .... Ijrif\-[k pyfyg/
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1-aemif tem*wfumvtzkYd jzpfrnftaMumif;t&mwkYd udk odjrifaomPfjzpfonf/ h 2-orEm*wmyk'udk or*bwm[k zGionf? ygVdom tusKd;Sonf/ jynfprQ jyvkuonf/ f l hf d h Hk Hk d f 3-vl0wfaMumif aomwmyefuaomfvnf; .... pGypwwfue\-[k pyfyg/ xkdoYdk pypvQifvnf; t&d,y dk f JG k f G f JG l 0g'uHxuaMumif;ukvnf; odaponf/ dk f d
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1-oifonf[k {u0kpjf zifh rjyyJ oifwYdkonf[k A[k0pjf zifh jyjcif;onf pdw"mwfusaeaom oltm; k f cs;ajrmufaomtm;jzifh jyefMum;&efaomfvnf; jzpf&m\/ xk&[ef;ESihf oabmwl pGyporsm;vnf; S&maomaMumifh D d f JG l d aomfvnf; jzpf&m\/ 2-pum;jzifh rD;ro*[&ao;rD umvukd &nfonf? aemuftjcm;rJpum;jzifrl rD;o*[aeqJ okYd r[kwf f h h f rD;o*[Nf yD; umvukd &nfonf/
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1-t&[wr*f\ tjcm;rJ t&[wzvf jzpfjcif;onf ude;aorvGJ jzpfouJoYdk xkUd twlyif uefawmh h dk f h awmif;yefjcif;ukd ryygrl t&d,y0g'uHu i&JoYdk {uefyifusaponf[k qkv\/ l d dk
157
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1-uk,\ ysup;jcif;[lonfrm aojcif;yifjzpfaomaMumifh cEmuk,udk pGeYf jcif;yif[k ,l zGijhf yjcif; d f f D S d f jzpfonf? jrefrmpum;rSmrl racsmay/
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1-ukovaumif;rIEihf pyfaomtyki;ukd okuyu-tjzLyki;tzkYd [lif;? tukovf raumif;rIEihf dk f S d f d f dk S pyfaom tyki;ukd uPSyu-trnf;ykdif; tzkdY[lif; qkdonf/ d f
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1-xkd'd0d"Pfonf ... umrw&m;vQif tmkHSd\-ponfjzifh pyfyg/
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1-Oya,m * v'-&tyfaom uH0bwfaom um,onf-[k twdtusjyefvQif ygVdo'g rwwfowYdk rm H d dS l S todcufrnfaMumifh txufygtwki; ajymif;vJ jyefonf/ qkvonfrm kyu,udk nGwap\[k uHyqkojzifh d f d dk S f dk f f d nGwapaompdw\ tmkjH zpfonf[k qkv\/ f f d dk
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1-aomwmyef\ r*fzvpwuom qkvonf? avmuDpwuum;odEionf[yif rSw&m\/ txuf dk f d f dk d dk d f dk dk f l f txuf yk*Kd vfwYdk \ pdwudk rod&mvnf; enf;wlyif/ f
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1-oH,weum,faqmif q&mwkYd onfum; oEwwYdkudk qkMd uNyD;vQif tpOfrnf\[l qkMd uNyD;vQif k d d qkue\-[k pyfyg/ d k f
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1-xkaupdq&mwkYd \ pum;ukrl .... roif[ t|uxmwkYd y,f(tyf) avNyD-[k pyfyg/ d d h l 2-r*f0x tm0Ze;ESihf y&duH Oypm tEkvwYdk u avmuDyemrfudk tmkH yonf? a*gMwbl r*f zkvwYdk u D d f Hk k f d f edAmefudk tmkH yonf? zkv0x tm0Ze;ESihf y&duaZmwkYd u avmuDyemrfudk tmkH yonf? zkvu edAmefudk d f D d f H k f d f tmkH yonf-okYd r*fzv0xwYdk om tm0Ze; tajccHaZmwkYd Eihf r*fzvaZmwkYd tmkH uGjJ ym;k; Sonf? tjcm;0Dxd dk f D d f S dk f d d wkYd uGjJ ym;k;rS?d xkoYdk ujJG ym;k;rSyJ tmkujJG ym;aomaMumifh roif[k qkv\/ d d d d H h d dk
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1-rSp pmyk'twGi; ]]t|uxmenf;aywnf;}}[laom pum;wkiatmif apawmy&d,Pf d f f d f ,xmurKy*PfwYdk Eihf ykaAe0goPf xl;jcm;ykudk aS;t|uxmtqkt& jyonf/ xkraemuf tSiA'aCmo S d H d d S f k [laom rdr\ tvkdt& jyonf/ d
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1-toHo'gjzifh ajymqktyf odtyfaom trnfynwf[k qkv\/ d d dk
158
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1-rSp apawmy&d,Pfxuf tem*wHoPf\ tem*wftzkYd todus,fyudk jyonf/ t&m Hk vnf; aS; xkwjf ycJNh yD;aom y|mef;ygVdawmft&tm;jzifh pdwrwyg;aom cEmwkYd uvnf; apawmy&d,Pfjzifh f S dk odEiao;onf [k qkoif\/ okYd aomf aS; jycJNh yD; jzpfaomaMumifh xyfrjyjcif; jzpf&m\/ dk f d h
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1-,cktcg ... ar;cGef;jyemtaygif;ukd xkwjf ytyf\-[k pyfyg/ 2-tbdnmOf[aom tmedoiftusK;ukd &NyD;jzpfaomaMumif-[k qkv\/ l d h d dk 3-&[ef;onf ... yGg;apNyD;jzpfavNyD ... ynmukd yGg;aptyfay\-[k pyfyg/ 4-orm"dudk yGg;apNyD;jzpfjcif; ynmukd yGg;aptyfjcif; if;ukvnf;yGg;ap&ef rvG,ujl cif;[laom d f taMumif;ok;yg;aMumif[k qkv\? H h d dk
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1-om,dwumrwm-yk'udk vsufvonf\tjzpf [laomfif; vsufvonfwPSm [laomfif;jyefvQif k f dk dk h vQmjzifvsufvonfh wPSm[lom xifjrifz,f SaomaMumifh ay:vGiap&ef txufygtwki; jyefvuonf/ h dk G d f d f dk f
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1-tqif;ponfwYdk \ vGeuonf\tjzpfudk jrifawGU&jcif;aMumif-ponf qkvonfrm rD; f J h d dk S awmufyaom tqif;ukif; av olUoabmtwki;Mum;&aom toHuif; ajr arT;onh,eHYpaom teHYuif; d d f dk f dk a&csKdNrdeaom t&omukif; okYd vQif txl;ESihf ,SOueaom tqif; ponfwYdkudk jrifawGU&aomaMumifh f d f k f ]]tqif;ponfwYdk onf xkawaZm ponfwYdk \ *kPwYdk }}[l yXr0g'DaupdwYdk u qkMd uonf/ taMumif; Oyg, d f jzifyifvQif 'kw,0g'Duvnf; ESyjf cif;onf jzpf\/ wenf;um; tqif;paom *kPx; Sueaom awaZm h d dk d f l d k f tmumo yx0D tmayg 0ga,m"mwfwYdk u puKponfwYdk udk ytyfjzpfaptyfonf[qaom uPm'q&m\0g'ukd k dk xkwjf yNyD;vQif if;ukd ESyjf cif;iSg ]]tu,f okYd rvnf; qkuejf im;tH}h } ponfudk rdeYf qonf[k rSwtyf\/ d l d k dk f (#Dum) aupdtya&0g' Si;csufrsm;onf tvGeeufe\? ynmSBd uD;wkYd \ t&momjzpfonf/ f f J
163
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1-,cktcg w,fvze;jzifh ajymaomtoH 0g,mvufjzifh ajymaomtoH toHvirS vTiaomtoHwYdk udk D k f T hf Hk hf wcPtwGi;rSmyif Mum;&aomaMumifif;? w,fvA;Si;ac: kyjf rifoMH um; vTipufjzifh vTivuaom tqif; f h D D f hf hf dk f lygkwYdk udk wcPcsif;yif jrif&aomaMumifif; rvmra&mufaom tqif;toHrsm;ukd jrif&Mum;&onf [laom H h tqk oHo, jzpfz,\/ t&m jrifavmufaomt&yf Mum;avmufaomt&yfoYdkrum; vma&mufMu\? d G f dS l okYd aomf rsufptMunfyf em;tMunfyrsm;okYd xdcuratmifum; rvmMu? xkoYdk vmMuvQifvnf; if;wkYd udk d k k f dk f d d rjrifEirMum;Eki?f rsuv;xJu tqif;ukd rjrifEiouJoYdkyif-[k ajzSi;Muonf/ #DumwkYd vnf; tm&rPypn; dk f d f Hk dk f h f f t&m pdwZtoHuvnf; aomw0dnmPf\ tmkjH zpfaMumif; a[mxm;&m em;xJoYdka&mufrS Mum;&rnfqvQif dk dk A[d' pdwZtoH rSaumif;aomaMumifh ,if; pdwZtoHudk rMum;Eki&m? xkUd aMumifh olUwnf&if;ae&mu d d f toHuyif Mum;&onf ponfjzifh ajzSi;Muavonf/ rsupx tqif;&dyf xifaeonfudk awGUMu&aomaMumifh dk f f d J rsufpxoYdk tqif;ra&muf[aom tqkudk oabmus ouf0if&efcuf\/ xkUd twlyif em;xJ tvGeMf urf;aom d J l d toHrsm; rcHomatmif wkucuonfuvnf; awGUMu&aomaMumifh em;xJoYdk toHra&muf[aom tqkuvnf; d f dk f dk l d dk oabmus ouf0if&efcuf\/ xkUd aMumifh "ro*FPygVdtzGihf t|omvdet|uxm (351) ]]tmygw*wwm0 D D tm&rPH orwH emr}} ponfjzifh r[mt|uxmu qkaMumif;? xktvktm;jzifh puKESiaomwwkYd vnf; orw d d d hf a*gp&-a&mufvmaomtmkonf rnfaMumif;wkYd udk xkwjf yxm;avonf/ okYd jzpf t&mwGif ]]rsufpEihf em; H dS d S wkYd onf ra&mufvmaom tmkudk ,lwwfue\}}[k qkaom0g'ukd Pfrouf0ifEivQif aS;t|uxm tqkt& H k f d dk f d ]]orwa*gp&-a&mufvmaom tmkonf-a&mufvmaom tmkudk ,lwwfonf}}[k ,lqEkiay\/ H dS H d f
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1-2- ]if;} 2-yk'wYdkudk uyfNidonf-[laom yk'Eipyfyg/ xkwif yXryk'jf zifh teHYt&om tmkywYdk u f f S hf d G H k f olwYkd \rS&m blwkyjf zifh uyfNidonfudk jyonf? 'kw,yk'jf zifh yx0D awaZm 0ga,m [laom azm|Amkyu D d H k f olwYdku,wiyif uyfNidonfujdk yonf/ dk f dk f
rSwfcsuf
1-rsufptMunf yom'kyonf ... rsufvmckepfcudk jyefYEYHS vsuf ... aus;Zl;yjcif;ukd &onfjzpf ... d f T k axmufyHh (tyf)onfjzpf ... apmifhaSmuf (tyf)onf jzpf ... NcH&H (tyf)onfjzpf ... oef;OD;acgif;rQSdvsuf ... NyD;apvsuf wnf\-[k pyfyg/ 2-xkrsufptom;pki\ ... rsufeuf0ef;-[k pyfyg/ d d d f 3-tv,f ... xifay:&mt&yf-[k pyfyg/ 4-tv,fjzpfaom ... xifay:&m t&yf-[lyif pyfyg/ om pum;acsmonf/ 5-xifay:&mt&yf ... rsufvmckepfcwYdk u-[k pyfyg/ T k dk 6-jyefYEYHS vsuf ... aus;Zl;yjcif;ukd &onfjzpf -ponfjzifh pyfyg/
rSwfcsuf
1-rsuvmckepfcudk jyefYEYHSonf[aom pum;jzifyifvQif rsuptMunfy\rsm;pGmaom uvmyfwYdk f T k l h f d k f wnfaMumif; jy\/ ]]yrmPtm;jzifh oef;OD;acgif;rQSvsuf}}[laom pum;ukd oef;OD;acgif;rQt&yf jzpfaomaMumifh d qkayonf/ (#Dum) d 2-puK0dnmPf\ wnf&m0wKtjzpfuif; tm0Ze; or#pKd ef;paom puK'Gg&qki&m tjcm;pdwwYdk \ dk f d d f f 'Gg&tjzpfuif; NyD;apvsuf-[kqv\/ dk dk dk
164
rSwfcsuf
1- rde;rjzpfaMumif;[lonfrm rde;r[laom trnf\if; rde;r[korwjf cif;\if; jzpfaMumif; f S f f d S aywnf;/ okYd aomf ,if;kyuyif pGr rde;r\ykoPmef pdwtaetxm;rsm; jzpfyg;jcif;aMumifh rde;rjzpfaMumif; f dk J DS f H f G f trjzpfaMumif;[laom trnftwki; teufvnf;oifonfom/ d f h 2-wdaÈEiwuGjzpfaom kytpOfoEmefudk rde;ryg tryg[k olu jyaeouJoYdk S\? xkUd aMumifh S hf f f h d txufygtwki; qkayonf/ (#DumrSonf) d f d D 3-vk;aomyck;Sjd cif; roefYi;-rcefYnm;aom vufajcponfjdS cif;onf wdv*-rde;r\oPmef H H S f d F f rnf\? om;jrwfom;\ roefYi;jcif; rkwqwarG; EIwcrf;arG;rSjd cif; qHyifx;zGUJ yk?H xrD0wfywYdk onf rde;r[k S f f G f f Hk Hk f rSwo&jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh wderw-rde;r[k odaMumif;edrwrnf\? i,fpOfumvvnf; Aef; f d d d f d f twk usnayGUtwkponfwYdkjzifh upm;jcif;onfif; ajrnufa,mufv;jzifh csniifupm;jcif; ponfif; f Hk f wduw-rde;r\ tytrlrnf\? roefYi;-rcefYnm;aom &yfyHk oGm;ykH tpSaom tjcif;t&monf wd k f S f d tmuy-rde;r\ tjcif;t&mrnf\/ t|uxmenf;rS tjcm;enf;um; rde;rwkYd \ qD;pGeYf aMumif;t*Fgonf f f wdvirnf\? (vdionf arG;cgpow0gwkYd udk txD;traG;&m tvG,wuloaMumif;jzpfay\) toHEihf d f f f d S tvkwYdk onf wderwrnf\? roefYi; rcefYnm;aom &yfyHk oGm;ykH xkiyHk cJyHk pm;ykponfonf wuwrnf\? d d d S f d f H d k rde;r\ ykoPmefonf wdtmuy-rde;r\toGirnf\/ (#Dum) f H f f
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1-urZkyonf olEioufqionfh cPrQom wnfjcif;S\? okYd aomfvnf; ,if;urZky\ f S hf dk f d f (y0wa[wkbma0e) jzpfNrJ rjywfjzpfom;jcif;\ taMumif;tjzpfjzifh xkZ0waÈyu twljzpfzuf urZkyfwkdYukd d G dD d d k f apmifaSmufwwf\? xkUd aMumifh twljzpfzuf urZkywYdk udk apmifaSmufjcif;vuPmS\-[k qkayonf/ rSeay\? h f h d d f tm[m&ponfonf tm[m&ZkyponfwYdk \ wnf&eftaMumif;jzpfouJoYdk uHonfomvQif urZkywYdk \wnf&ef f h f taMumif; rjzpfxuay? tb,faMumifenf; (uHonf) xkcP rSjd cif;aMumifaywnf;/ (#Dum) dk f h h d h
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1-,if;wkYd u-[lonfum; twljzpfzuf (urZ) kywYdk udk ([kqv\)/ y0we-rjywfjzpfapjcif; jzpfNrJ dk f dk dk H jzpfom;apjcif;-[lonf ,myeH-oGm;NrJ oGm;apjcif;-rQapjcif;wnf;/ (#Dum) ,mye-ukd rQapjcif; [k-jrefrm G jyefMu\? bmukqonf[k em;vnf&efcuf\/ o'geufrm- oGm;apjcif;[k jzpfonf/ t&m oGm;NrJ oGm;apjcif; d dk S jzpfNrJ jzpfapjcif; wnfNrJwnfapjcif; SiNf rJiapjcif;wkYd uyif ,mye-oGm;apjcif;[k qkonf[ ,loif\? xkoYdk S f dk d l h d ,lvQif y0we-rjywfjzpfapjcif; jzpfNrJ jzpfom;apjcif;[laom t|uxmtqkEivnf; nDnw\/ ZD0dwkyfu G d S hf G f twljzpfzuf urZkywYdk udk Oyg'fXbif-[laom olUcPtwGi; tiftm; tjynfjh zpfapvsuf Siapjcif;jzifh xkcP f D f f d twGi; topftopfjzpfay:vmaom urZkywYdk uvnf; tiftm; jynfapvsuf oefpr;aponf? enf;jzifh f f dk h G f wcP twGi;om tiftm;tjynfh jzpfapEkijf im;aomfvnf; topf topfjzpfay:vmonfh urZkywYdk tm;vnf; f d f tqufqufjzpfNrJ jzpfom;aponf[k ,loif\/ G h 2-,my,dwA-yk'udk y0awwA-[k #DumzGijhf y\? xkYd aMumifh ,my,dwAbw- yk'udk oGm;aptyf f l f rQaptyfaom blwkywYdk -[k jyefonf-oGm;NrJom;aptyf jzpfNrJjzpfaptyf SiNf rJiaptyfaom blwkywYdk ? [lyif f G S f f ,l&m\/
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1-ESv;om;twGi;- aoG;uk-[k pyfyg/ Hk f d
165
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1-pdwZ0ga,m"mwf\ ... trlt&mtxl;onf-[k pyfyg/ 2-um,-uk,\ vIym;jcif;jzifh (0g-vIym;aom uk,jf zif) + 0dnwdtvkudk odapwwfonf = um, d f f S f S d h d 0dnw-um,0dnwf- vIym;aomuk,jf zifh tvkudk odapwwfaomky/ wenf;? um,-vIym;aom uk,jf zifh + d f S d d f f S d 0dnw-odtyfonf od&onf= um,0dnwd-um,0dnwf-vIym;aom uk,jf zifh od&aomky/ d f S d f
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1-pdwZyx0D"mwf\ ... trlt&m txl;onf-[k pyfyg/ ajymqkvaompdwaMumifh vnfacsmif; d dk f ponfwYdk avkyrsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ xkavkyx yg0ifaom cufrmrIudk pdwZyx0D"mwf[k qkonf? xkyx0D f d f J d d "mwfu vnfacsmif; ponf jzpfay:vsuf Saeaom urZ yx0D"mwfudk wkucuonf? xktcg ykavGrS toH d d f dk f d xGuay:vmouJoYdk if;? 'kwacsmif; 2-ck xdcuaomtcg toH xGuay:vmouJoYdk if; yx0D"mwfcsif; f h f dk f f h xdcuaomaMumifh toHxuay:vmonf/ dk f G f 2-0pD-pum;oHjzifh + 0dnwd-tvkudk odapwwfonf = 0pD0nwd - 0pD0nwfpum;oHjzifh tvkudk odap d d d d wwfaomky/ wenf; 0pD-pum;oHjzif+0dnw-od&onf=0pD0nw-0pD0nwf-pum;oHjzifh od&aomky/ f h d d d d f
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1-uvmyfwcktwGi; yg0ifaomkywYdk \ tjcm;uvmyfywYdkEihf jcm;em;aom pyfMum;oabmukd f f k f S tmumo[k qkonf/ uvmyf wckwcktwGi; yg0ifaom kywYdk rmrl jcm;em;jcif;rSay? tcsif;csif; a&m,Suvsuf d f f S d f Sd\/ xkUd aMumifh uvmyfwckwnf; yg0ifaom kywYdk udk t0deaAm*ky[k qkayonf/ f d f d 2-tmumo"mwfonf awGUxdaumif;onfh kyr[kw?f xkUd aMumifh if;ESiwpyfwnf; wnfSdaeaom kyfwkdY f hf ESivnf; rxd[k qk&ayonf? hf d 3-pum;jzifh uvmyftcsi;csi;om txufatmuf zDvmtm;jzifh yki;jcm;ajymqk&onf? uvmyfwck f f d f d twGi; yg0ifaom kywYdk uum; rnfonfyu txufusonf rnfonfyu atmufusonf zDvm usonf[k f f dk h k f h k f ryki;jcm;aumif;-[k odap\/ d f
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1-v[kwmkyonf ayghyg;vsifjrefaom edyEywYdk \ ayghyg;vsifjrefaom *kPowd txl;rQomwnf;/ f k f f xkUd aMumifh kyrm oD;jcm;vuPmrS?d rk'wmtpSaom aemufyrsm;vnf; enf;wlyif/ f S k d k f
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1-ayghyg;jcif;[laom ... txl;tjym;Sdaom ... trlt&mtxl;onf-[k pyfyg/ 2-"mwfacsmufcsm;jcif; [lonf av onf;ajc ovdywYdk\ ysufjcif;aywnf;/ wenf;um; &o tpSaom f d "mwfwYdk\ ajymif;vJ azmufjyefaom tckutwefYaywnf;/ 2-enf; tjym;tm;jzifh zGijhf yaomfvnf; yx0D"mwf d f tpSueaom "mwfwYdk \ yifvQif azmufjyefjcif;[k rSwtyf\/ (#Dum) d k f f 3-qefYusibuf taMumif;wkYd [onfrm avsmufywfaomOwk tm[m&pdwf rysUH vGijhf cif;wkYd aywnf;/ f l S (#Dum) 4-El;nHhjcif;[laom ... El;nHhjcif; tjym;Sdaom ... tMuif ... trlt&mtxl;onfSd\-[k pyfyg/
166
rSwfcsuf
1-avsmfjcif;[laom ... avsmfjcif; tjym;Saom ... tMuif ... trlt&mtxl;onf Sd\-[k pyfyg/ d 2-wenf;um; ponfjzifh zvypKy|mefudk jyonf/
rSwfcsuf
1-tm,wejzifh tmp,ukd qkaMumif; tb,faMumifh odtyfoenf;[laom tar;ukd #Dum okYd jyqkd d h xm;\/ jyqkyrm-tmp,Oyp, oEwwYdkonf (edAwbm0) jzpfjcif;\ tjzpfjzifh tmp,yifjzpfonf? xkUd aMumifh d Hk S d d (jytyf- pyf) tm,wewkYd jzifh tmp, ponfwYdkudk jytyfonf\ tjzpfaMumifh ,if; tm,wewkYd jzifh tmp,ukd qk(tyf)ayonf/ tm,wewkYd \ tmp, ponfudk qkjd cif;jzifyifvQif tmp,oabm (jzpfjcif;oabm) Sueaom d h d k f tm,wewkYd udk jytyfue\? xkUd aMumifh tmp,jzifh xktmp, (jzpfjcif;) oabmSaom tm,weukd qk(tyf) k f d d d ayonf/ rSeay\-tmp, rnfaom jzpfjcif;Oyg'fonf lykyudk rSwaMumif; vuPmkyom jzpfayonf? f f f f lykyum; r[kway/ (#Dum) ynmSBd uD;wkYd \ t&mom jzpfonf/ f f
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1-t"d-pGr jzpfonf + tw-twabm - twrnfaMumif; kyemrftaygif; = t"sw- tZw J DS f twabmukd pGr jzpfaomkyf - ]]oufyemrftaygif; twabm[k qkEi&ef w&m;}}[k qkvd\/ if;tZw-rS J DS dS k f d dk f d k uypn;ESiwuG tZwu[k jzpfonf/ #Dum zGijhf ycsuft&tm;jzifh t"d+tw+tZw - twudk pGrjzpfaom f hf d J DS uk,wi;w&m;? tZw - uk,wi;w&m;wkYd + u - jzpfonf = tZwu - uk,wi;w&m;wkYd yg0ifaom d f G f d f G f d d f G f w&m;[k jzpfonf/ qkvonfrm uk,wi;w&m;wkYd oufow0gac:&ef tESpozG,jf zpfaom ky[k qkv\/ d dk S d f G f dS f f d dk xkUd aMumifh ,if; yom'kyf ig;yg;rSvQif umravmu ow0g[k rac:Ekdif/ d 2- Am[d&-tjyify[k qkaomfvnf; uk,rS tjyify[k rqkv?dk uk,wi; tESpozG,jf zpfaom d d f d d f G f f yom'ig;yg;rS tjyifyky[om qkvonf/ f l d dk 3-9-yg; [lonfrm rsufp?d em;? ESm? vQm? uk,?f tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om 9-yg;yif jzpfonf/ S d 4-"mwf 3-yg;onf awGUxdp&m azm|Amkyif jzpfonf/ H
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1-13-yg; [lonfrm ESm 201- jycJaom [',0wKtxd kyrsm;yif/ S h f
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1-Oy-wPSm'd|wYdk u uyftyfaom avmuDuu + tm'dP rdrwYdk \tusKd;tjzpfjzifh ,ltyfaomw&m; = d H d Oyg'dP-avmuDu\ tusKd;w&m;-urZkyw&m;/ H f 2-ur-uHaMumif+Z-jzpfonf=urZ-uHaMumifjh zpfaomky/ h f 3- turZ [lonfrm uHaMumifrjzpfrQukd qkvonfr[kw?f uHrwyg;aom taMumif;wdYk aMumifh S h Hk d dk S rjzpfonfuom qkvonf/ tpdwZ-ponfwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif odtyf\/ dk d dk
167
rSwfcsuf
1-if;rSm eukawmpdZmwky[k aemuf jyvwHaom vuPmkyf 4-yg;yif jzpfonf/ f h 2- jyoifaom t"dyg,fonf ESm- 233? rSwfcsuf 3- yg0ifavNyD/ h 3-pdw-pdwaMumif+Z-jzpfonf=pdwZ-pdwaMumifjh zpfaomky/ f h f f 4-tm[m&- tpmaMumif+Z- jzpfonf=tm[m&Z-tpm tm[m&aMumifh jzpfaomky/ h f 5-Owk-tat; tyl OwkaMumif+Z-jzpfonf=OwkZ-OwkaMumifjh zpfaom ky/ h f
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1-jyqkcaom kywYdk \tpOf 0pD0nwfaemif tmumo"mwf ygSjd im;aomfvnf; if;ukd y&dap'ky[k d hJ f d f oD;jcm;jyxm;aomaMumifh 0dnwfyf 2-ckEihf v[kwm ponfuom 0dum&ky[k qkonf/ k S dk f d
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1-vuPkyf 4-yg;onf edyEywYdk \ Oyg'f-XD-bif jzpfaomaMumifh ,if; edyEywYdk udk tp-tv,f k f k f tqk;jzifvnf; rSwaMumif; jzpf\? tedp-rNrJaom w&m;[lvnf; rSwaMumif;jzpf\? xkUd aMumifh vuPky[k H h f f f qkdonf/ 2-aemuf jyvwHaom pwkZky yg0ifaom urZkyonfum; urZ{uefr[kwf taeuef jzpfonf? h f f xkdtaeuef urZkyf 9-yg;ESihf {uef urZkyf 9-yg; 2-&yfaygif;vQif urZkyf 18-yg; jzpfonf/
168
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1-aemuf jyvwHaom 'GZkyf 1-yg;? wdZkyf 3-yg;? pwkZkyf 9-yg; 13-yg;onf taeuef pdwZkyf h d rnf\? ,if; 13-yg;ESifh {uefpdwZkyf 2-yg;ukd aygif;vQif pdwZkyf 15-yg; jzpfonf/ 2-ygVd&if;twki; twdtusjyefvQif ]]if;rSm vuPkyf MuOftyfaomqkcNhJ yD;rS <uif;aom kytaygif; dS d f d f jzpfonf}}[k jzpf\? okwenf;olrsm; od&efrvG,?f xkUd aMumifh txufygtwki; okyazmf jyefonf/ ,if; pwkZ d f f k y f 9-yg;ESifh wdZkyf 3-yg;ukd aygif;vQif tm[m&Zkyf 12-yg; jzpf\/ xkd 12-yg;wGif 'GZkyrS OwkZ toHudk d f aygif;xnfhvQif OwkZkyf 13-yg; jzpf\/
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1- vk&if;jzpfaom aemufyi;ygVduom jyxm;onf? vk&if;r[kw csefxm;aom aSUyki;ygVd d dk f dk d f d f um,0dnwf 0pD0nwf[aom kyf 2-yg;vnf; yg0if\/ d l
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1-0dnmPf[k qkoifaomfvnf; wkwjdk zifh NyD;ap&ef pdw[k jyefonf? aemufvnf; enf;wlyif/ d h d f
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1-ao,sxd'-\ teufjzpf xkpyg;wkYd um; tb,fonfwYdk enf;[k jyefoifaomfvnf; wkwjdk zifh H d S f h d NyD;ap&ef txufygtwki; jyefonf? aemufvnf; enf;wlyif/ d f 2-t-rSd+ocFg&-tm;ay;wkuwGef;jcif;=tocFg&-tm;ay; wkuwe;jcif; rSaompdw-rwkuwe;&bJ d f d f G f d f d f G f olYtvkvdk jzpfaompdw/ tbd"rwo*F[usrf; tocFg&dupdw[k qkxm;\? t&wlyif/ d f f d 3-o-wuGjzpfonf-Sdonf+ocFg&-tm;ay; wkuwe;jcif;=oocFg&-tm;ay;wkuwe;jcif;Saom pdwf d f G f d f G f d - tm;ay;wkuwe;jzpfaom pdw/ o*F[usrf; oocFg&dupdw[k qkxm;\? t&wlyif/ d f G f f f d
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1-[|y[a|m-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? if;ukd y\-[laomyk'Eihf pyfyg/ f f S 2-aSUoGm;y ... y\-[k pyfyg/ 3-[|wka|m-yk'\ teufjzpfonf/ f 4-ponf-[laom pum;jzifh oDvaqmufwnfjcif; ponfwYdk pdwrnGwui;jcif; r0ifpm;jcif; ponfudk f f dk f odr;,l\/ (#Dum) f
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1-yx0DuodPeda'o tus,f jycJNh yD;jzpfaomaMumifh t&m psmefudk tusOf;rQom jyonf/ psmeft*Fg ig;yg;taygif;ukyif yXrpsmef[k ac:onf? if;ESi,Oaom pdwudk qkonf/ d hf S f f d
169
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1-yDw,m p 0d&m*g-[laom ygVdudk iJ 0d&wywu-pufqytyfaomyDwaom-[k qkonf? t"dyg,f d h D d H k f d dS d tm;jzifrum; ausmfveconfuom qkvayonf? okYd jzpf txufygtwki; jyefonf/ h l G f hJ dk d dk d f 2-aomwmywr*fEi,Oaom aomwmywdr*fpwf 1-yg;? xkdYtwl ou'g*grdr*fpdwf 1-yg;? tem*grdr*f d S hf S f d pdwf 1-yg;? t&[wr*fpwf 1-yg;-[l 4-yg; tjym;Sonf[k qkv\/ d d d dk
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1-tukovpwonf lybkH tlybkwYdk jzpfjim;aomfvnf; umrbkom tjzpfrsm;aomaMumifif;? dk f d f H H h umrbkom ouf0ifaomaMumifif; umrm0p&-om rnfonf/ H h 2-avmbrlv-avmb [laomrlv tjrpft&if;Saompdw/ a'gorlpwf arm[rlpwwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ d f d d f 3-'d|r*Fvm ponfwYdku-[lonfum; 'd|r*Fvm okwr*Fvm rkwr*FvmwkYd udk ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) dk d dk 'd|-jrifawGU&aom tqif;onf r*Fvmaywnf;? jrifawGU&aom tqif;rnfonfrm jrwfaom r*Fvm[k S orkwtyfaom tqif;aywnf;/ if;onf tb,fenf;[lrl eHeufapmapmuyif tdy&mrSx rk;pmiSuudk (odrt& f f d f l tm;jzifh pum;ajymwwfaom iSuu) jrif\? OoQpyifysKudk uk,0efaqmif rde;rukwefqm qifxm;aom oli,f f dk f d d f f d wkYd udk a&jynft;ukd vwfqwfaom ig;Muif;ukd tmZmenfjrif;ukd tmZmenfjrif;&xm;ukd EGm;vm;Oobukd EGm;rukd h dk aMumifaomEGm;ukd jrif\? xkYd jyifvnf; okYd oabmSaom jrwfaom r*Fvm[k orkwtyfaom tqif;ukd jrif\? d f jrif&aom tqif;ukd 'd|r*Fvm[k ac:qktyf\ ponfjzifh ck'uygXt|uxm jyqkxm;onfEitnD 'd|r*Fvm d d S hf ukd odtyf\/ xkUd twlyif taumif;tjrwf[k orkwtyfonfh Mum;&aom toHudk okwr*Fvm[lif;? taumif; f tjrwf[k orkwtyfonfh eH&aom teHY pm;&aom t&om xd&aom tawGUwkYd udk rkwr*Fvm[lif; odtyf\/ f if;wkYd \ qefYusifzufwYdk uvnf; 'd|tr*Fvmponf[k odtyf\/ dk
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1-xufoefvQif tocFg&pdwf rxufoefvQif oocFg&pdw[k odtyf\/ f 2-rqk;jzwfEiaomtcg (bk&m;w&m; oHCmtppftrSewYdk udk r,kMH unfrqk;jzwfEiaomtcg) 0dpupmESihf H dk f f H dk f d d ,SOaompdwf ysHUvGiaomtcg O'pEi,Oaom pdw[k odtyf\/ f hf S hf S f f
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1-ukovf tukovtjzpfjzifh ra[mtyf rqktyfaomw&m;ukd tAsmuw[k qkonf/ dk dk f d d 2-ukovf tukovwYdk \ tusKd;jzpfaom pdwudk 0dyguf[k ac:onf/ dk dk f f 3-ukovf tukovwYdk \ tusKd;vnf;r[kwf tusKd;vnf; ray;wwfaom oabmukd ud&,m-Bud,m dk dk f d [k qkonf/ d 4-5-ukov\tusKd;ukd ukov0dyguf[k tukov\tusKd;ukd tukov0dyguf[k ac:onf/ dk f dk f 6-7-avmb a'go arm[ tavmb ta'go tarm[ [laom[dwwYkd Eihf r,SOaompdwudk f S f f ta[wku-t[dwpw- [dwrSaompdw[ac:onf? ,if;[dwwYdk Ei,Oaompdwudk oa[wku- o[dwpwf d f f d f k f S hf S f f f d f [dwaom pdw[k ac:onf/ ukov0dyguf t&mum; tavmbponf rSjd cif; Sjd cif;ukd pG t[dwf f dS f J o[dw[k qkonf/ f d
170
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1-trnfonf tbd"rmygVd wkuuvmSaom trnfjzpfonf? tbd"rwo*F[ usrf;um; ac:a0: d f dk f d vG,ap&ef pdwudk or#pKd ef;pdw[k jyqkxm;onf/ f f d f d 2-trnfonfvnf; ygVdawmfrS trnfyif jzpfonf? o*F[usrf;rl ac:a0:vG,ap&ef ,if;pdwf 2-yg; f ukd Oayumo[*kwf oE&P aomreo[*kwoE&P[k jyqkxm;onf/ D f D d 3-yO'g&0Dx\ aSUoGm;qifjcifrI jzpfaomaMumifh ,if;pdwudk yO'g&m0Ze;[k o*F[usrf; trnf G d f G f ay;xm;onf/ t&mum; puK'Gg&0Dx\ aSUoGm;qifjcifrI jzpfaomaMumifh puK'Gg&m0Ze; [lvnf; d f ac:qkEi\/ ,if;tm0Ze;pdw\ tjcm;rJ jzpfaomaMumifh ,if;pdw\ csKyfjcif;uif;jcif;ukd eD;aomtaMumif;[k d dk f f f h f qkdonf/
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1-tm0Zef;pdwf wrsKd;wnf;yif jzpfaomfvnf; toHpaom tmkH 4-rsKd;wkdYjzpfaom tm0Zef;wkdYukd 4-yg; [k ,l A[k0pjf zifh qkxm;onf/ k d 2-udp&oukyif pGr o*F[usrf; pdwudk or#pKd ef;pdw[k qkxm;ayonf/ d J DS f d f d 3-pmyk'xyif jyrnfuprsm;ukd &nfqkonf? xkwif oE&Pudp&oukd pGr pdwudk o*F[usrf; d f J h d d d G D J DS f oE&Ppdw[k qkxm;ayonf/ D f d
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1-{uaEae0 a| tm&raP-pifppftm;jzifomvQif tvktyfaomtmk-[k zGijhf yaom #DumESitnD h d dS H hf jyefaom teufjzpfonf/ twd0, |m&raPwd tawm-[k xyfqifzijhf yonfh ,if;#DumESitnD twd|mkH d h G hf om[lvnf; jyefoif\/ h
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1-vmcJ&m ukovponfwYdk\ tpGr;tm;jzifh [lonfum; vmcJ&mukovEihf tjcm;taMumif;wkYd \ h dk f f h dk f S tpGr;tm;jzifh ([k qkv\)/ xkwif tcsKdUq&mwkYd \ tvktm;jzifh rsuEmuvIyvQif aMu;rkjH yifxu rsuEm&dyf f d dk d G d f S f J f S vIyjf cif;uJoYdk tocFg&ukov\ 0dygufonf tocFg&jzpf\? oocFg&ukov\ 0dygufonf oocFg&jzpf\[k h dk f dk f okYd vmcJ&mukov\ tpGr;tm;jzif/ tcsKdUq&mwkYd \ tvktm;jzifrl tm;BuD;ukef xifm;ukeaom taMumif; h dk f f h d h S f wkYd aMumifif; uHponfwYdk aMumifif; jzpfaom0dygufonf tocFg&jzpf\? tm;enf;ukeaom taMumif;wkYd aMumifh h h f jzpfaom 0dygufonf oocFg&jzpf\[k okYd taMumif;yp,\ tpGr;tm;jzif/ (#Dum) 'kw,0g' todcuf f h d \? us,jf yefYpm odvvQif 0do'r*f r[m#Dum ed, wwd,wGJ ESm 286 rSwcsufrsm;ukMd unfyg/ G dk k d f h 2-,SOzufw&m;wkYd \ [lonfum; "ro*FPygVdawmf okytm;jzifvmaom ,SOzuf w&m;wkYd \ ([k f D f h f qkv\)/ rSef\- xkw&m;wkYd \tpGr;tm;jzifh ukovrS 0dyguf\ xl;jcm;jcif;rSay/ (#Dum) ygVdawmf a,0gye d dk d f dk f d jzifjh yaom w&m; 9yg;wkYd udk t|uxm okytm;jzifh xkwazmf jyxm;avonf? xkd 9-yg;wkdYwGif ukPm f f rk'wmESihf 0d&wD ok;yg;wkYd onf ukovom,SOue\? 0dygufr,SOue?f okYd 0dyguf ,SOzufw&m;wkYd onf d H dk f f k f f k f ukovrS xl;jcm;jcif; Sao;\? okYd aomfvnf; xl;jcm;jcif;rS[k qkonfrm ygVdawmf xifm;jyxm;aom dk f d d d S S ,SOzufw&m;wkYd u&nf qkjd cif;jzpfonf[k Si;vif;jy\/ f dk f
171
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1-edkm[H- tm;xkwjf cif;-aMumifMh uyjcif; rS[aom pum; Om[-tm;xkwjf cif; rnfonfrm d l S t0dZm wPSm rme rjywfpao;aom pdwtpOfoEmef tusKd;0dygufudk jzpfapjcif;iSg pGr;Ekionf\ tjzpf[k J f f d f qktyfaom aMumifMh uyrI-Asmyg&aywnf;? xkAsmyg&onf 0dygufrS?d xkUd aMumifh ,if;0dygufrm tm;xkwrd d S f I aMumifMh uyrIrSay/ ukovwYdk rlum; tbdnmOftpGr;tm;jzifjh zpfaom ukovwYdk aomfvnf; ,if;Om[ d dk f f dk f Sonfom? xkYd aMumifh ,if;ukovpwrm tm;xkwr-aMumifMh uyrI Sayonf/ (#Dum) d dk f d f S f I d
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1-Oayumonf ,kwn\ [lonfum; pifppf,wnaom tukov\ tusKd;0dyguf jzpfaomaMumifh f hH k f hH dk f Oayumyif jzpfjim;aomfvnf; 'kuoabmSonf\ tjzpfaMumifh ,kwn\/ xkUd aMumifh ]]'kuuoYdk (um;) d f hH hJ rxufjrufvay}}[k rdeYf qayonf/ 'kua0'emonf tvGexufjruf tvGecg;pyf cHcufouJoYdk xkYd txl S dk f f h Oayumonf rxufjrufvay? okYd aomfvnf; 'kuoabmtm;jzifomvQif jzpf\/ rSef\tukov\ tusKd;0dyguf S h dk f onf rqif;&JyJ rSacs? xkd tukov0dyguf\ Oayumtjzpfurl tm;BuD;olu ESypuf&m jyefvnfacsy&ef d dk d f rpGr;Ekiojzifh xkEypufrudk tm;enf;ol\ vspfvsLIjcif;uJoYdk rSwtyf\/ (#Dum) f d f d dS f I h f
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1-udp &oukyif tpGJ y ,if;pdwudk tm0Ze;pdw[k ac:&ayonf/ yO'g& tm0Ze;udpudk NyD;ap d f f f G f aomaMumifh yO'g&m0Ze; [lvnf; ac:&ayonf/ G f 2-okwenf;olwYdk em;vnfv,ap&ef 0guscGif; o*F[usrf;rS a0g[m&ukyg azmfif; jyefonf/ G f J d 3-em;vnfv,ap&ef 0guscGjyefonf? tm0Ze;udp&oukd tpGJ y raem'Gg&m0Ze;[k ac:&ayonf/ G f J f f 4-t[dw0yguf raem0dnmP"mwf [laomtrnfudk odv,ap&ef oE&P[laom trnfjzifh vJv, f d G f D S f jyefonf/ raem'Gg&m0Ze; pdwonf yO'g& oE&Paemif raem'Gg& b0*kyap' aemifjzpfaomaMumifh ,if;pdwf f f G D F 2-rsKd;\ jywfpjJ cif;ukd y'|mef[k qkonf/ d
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1-em;vnfv,ap&ef 0guscGif; o*F[usrf;rS a0g[m&ukyg azmfif; jyefonf/ G f J d 2-udp &oukyif tpGJ y o*F[usrf; [odwyg'f[k trnfay;xm;onf/ d k
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1-uH urerwf *wderwf xifytus,fudk odvvQif 0do'r*f-jrefrmjyef pwkwwJG ESm 115-ponf d d d d Hk dk k d Munfhyg/ 2-'G[wuovonf tm;BuD;vQif 'd[wf 0dygufudk jzpfapwwf\? tm;enf;vQif t[dw0ygufudk d d f k dk f G d f d jzpfapwwf\/ xkYd aMumifh tm;enf;aom 'G[wuov\tusKd;-[k qkonf/ d d f k dk f d
172
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1-tpOfvuvsuf ... jzpf\[k pyfyg/ xkpum;jzifh y#doaEpw\tjcm;rJ jzpfonfudk jy\/ dk f d d f h 2-tusKd;jzpfaom ... b0ifrnfaom pdwonfjzpf\-[k pyfyg/ xkpum;jzifh y#doaEujdk zpfaponfh f d uHuyif b0ifpwrsm;ukvnf; jzpfapaMumif;jy\/ d f d 3-xky#doaE\tmkHomvQif ... jzpf\-[k pyfyg/ xkpum;jzifh y#doaEpwEihf tmkwaMumif;jy\/ d d d f S H l pifppftm;jzifh wb0 twGi; y#doaE b0if pkwpwrsm;onf pdwwrsK;wnf;om jzpfonf/ f d d f f d
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1-enf;jzifh ... (rjywfjzpfae\) ... rjywfjzpfaeonfomwnf;-[k pyfyg/ 2-wawmyk'\ teufjzpfonf/ 'Gg& tmkxifonfEihf wydieuf b0ifvyonf[k jyqkcsufwYdk Eihf f H S f I f d S tnDyif/ #Dumum; wawmwd CemeE&-[k zGijhf yxm;\? xktvktm;jzifh ]]xkxyg; wkucuonf\ H d d d d d f dk f tjcm;rJ}}[k jyef&m\/ h 3-tx-yk'udk teE&teuf ,l jyefonf/ f 4-jywfpvwfaomf ... tmkH y ... NyD;apvsuf yO'g&m0Ze;pdwonf jzpf\[k pyfyg/ J G f f
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1- jyoifaomt"dyg,fonf ESm 260/ rSwcsuf 4- yg0ifavNyD/ h f 2-b0ifudk jzwfbouJoYdk jzpf\-[k pyfyg/ ,if; tm0Ze;pdwf jzpfaomaMumifyif b0iftpOf jywfom; d h f h G onf? Ek;pdwf jzpfjcif;aMumifh tdyaysmrI jywfpjJ cif;uJoYdkyif/ d f f h 3-rsufptm; tqif;xifvQif paomt&mwkYd em;tm; toH xifvQifponfjzifh enf;rS od&ef nTe;onf/ d D f
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1-twdr[EmkH [lonfrm ('Gg& xifonfrp) pdwuP 16-csuftoufaom tmkaywnf;? ,if; S S dS H tmkomvQif w'gkpwjf zpfonf? tjcm;tmk rjzpf/ 0dbwmk[onfrm tvGexifm;aom umrm0p& tmkH H H d H l H l S f S aywnf;? ,if;umrm0p&0dbwmkomvQif (raem'Gg&0Dxqi&m) w'gkH jzpfayonf/ (#Dum) l H d dk f 2-pum;jzifh w'gkpwjf zpf&m ow0gwkYd udk jyonf? ly tly ow0gwkYd tm; w'gkpwf rjzpf/ H d H d 3-pum;jzifh w'gk\jzpf&m aSUoGm;aZmukd owfrwjf yonf/ r[*Kwfavmukw&maZmwkYd \ tqk; H S H w'gkpwonf rjzpf/ H d f 4-|mkjH zpfvQif ukov0dyguf aomrew'gkH 5-yg;xJu wyg;yg;jzpfonf? |rZwmkjH zpfvQif ukov0dyguf Oayumw'gkH 5-yg;xJu wyg;yg; jzpfonf? ted|mkjH zpfvQif tukov0dygufoE&P w'gkH D jzpfonf/ okYd oifavsmfaom taMumif;uk& oifavsmfaom w'gkH jzpfyudk jyonf/ h d h Hk
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1-taMumif;ok;yg;wkYd wif tMuif tMuif taMumif;onf tMuif tMuif 0dyguf ud&,ma0'em H G d tm;avsm\? xkxtaMumif; xkxa0'emtm;avsmfpm-[k qkv\/ ukovf tukovf a0'emwkYd onf 0dyguf f d dk d dk G d dk dk dk tAsmuwa0'emxuf taMumif;ok;yg;vk;wkYd aMumifh Murf;wrf;uke\? ud&,mtAsmuwa0'emxufrum; H H f d l tusKd;0dygufudk jzpfapwwfaomaMumifif; tusKd;0dygufudk jzpfapjcif;ESiqionfh Asmyg&Sjd cif; tm;xkwrI Sjd cif; h hf dk f f aMumifif; Murf;wrf;uke\/ (#Dum) tusKd;ay;rIEirqkiaom Asmyg&tm;xkwrwYdk onfum; ud&,mtAsmuw h f S hf d f f I d a0'emrSmvnf; Sonfyif? xkYd aMumifh xkoYdk aom Asmyg&tm;xkwrwYdk tvktm;jzifrl ukova0'emu ud&,m d d f I d h dk f d a0'emxuf Murf;wrf;onf[k rqkoifaMumif; xk#umtzGijhf zifh odap\/ d h d D 2-o0dyg&awm [lonfum; oy&dyEawm-xuf0ef;usif vIym;jcif;SaomaMumif/ tEkyoEawm f S d h rNidroufaomaMumifh um;teuf (#Dum) xktzGiEitnD ay:vGiatmif jyefcsufjzpfonf/ f d hf S hf f
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1-rZwawm-[laom S&if;ygXft& jyefcsufjzpfonf/ rZ|awm-[kvQif 'ku okcwkYd \ tv,f d dS wnfaomaMumifif;-[k jyef&m\? omay:vGif\/ h
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1-MoCwkYd \ tmkjH zpfEionfudk qkonf? wu,ftmktycH&onfuom qkonfr[kw/ aemufy'f dk f d H dk d f k teufwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ 2-ykxZOfwYdk Eihf qufqaomaMumifif; Murf;wrf;\-[k pyfyg/ k S H h 3-vnf; (atmuf-[k rjyefy) t&yfo;pum;twki; xuf-[kjyefonf/ J Hk d f
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1-ygVd&if;twki; jyefxm;onf/ 'kua0'em Oyrmukd qkcyEihf rnDouJoYdk S\? okYd aomfvnf; okc dS d f d hJ Hk S h d Oayuma0'emwkYd onf oabmtvktm;jzifh MoVm&du rjzpfoifaomaMumifh xkoYdk qkxm;onf[k ,l&m\/ d h d d
184
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1- tocFg&du [laom trnfonf 0do'r*f S&if;twki;yif jzpfonf/ k d d d f 2-vnf; oocFg&du tocFg&du[laom trnfrsm;onf 0do'r*f S&if;twki;yif/ k d d d f
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1-,kwnaom 0wKSaom [lonfum; qyfxrif;ukd pm;ol\ ,kwnaom - 0wKukd tmkH y jzpfaom f hH d f hH a0'emonf ,kwnaom 0wKSonf\tjzpfaMumifh Murf;wrf;\? oav;om;>yrf;xrif;ukd pm;ol\ a0'emonf f hH d aumif;jrwfaom 0wKSonf\tjzpfaMumifh odrarGU\/ (#Dum) d f
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1-a0ae,sow0gtaygif;ukd ... vGwapawmfrvonf-[k pyfyg/ f l dk
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1-a0'em0do,-a0'em\ tmkH\-[k jyefoif&m jrefrmpum;acsm ay:vGiap&ef ]]cHpm;&aom h f tmkH\}}[k jyefonf/
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1-twprm xifm;\/ tw\ Opm tw\ tpdwftykdif; ighOpm ighrsufpd ighkyf ighpdwf ponfjzifh JG S S xifrwpvrf;jcif;ukd twe,pG[k qkonf/ S f JG d J d
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1- qkconftwki; ... Ijcif;onf qkconftwki; BuD;rm;aom tusKd;tmedoif Say\-[k pyf d hJ h d f d hJ h d f d ,lyg/
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1-puK0dnmPfjzifh jrifoEiatmif rsup xifay:vmonfudk cH,wwfonfuyif om,mwwf-\[k d dk f f d l dk qkonf? jrifoapjcif;ukyif jywwf\[k qkonf/ pu-"mwf+O-ypn;jzifh puK-[k kyfNyD;onf/ d d d d f 2-ok-"mwf+w-ypn;jzifh aomw-[k kyfNyD;onf/ f
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1- tvktm;jzifh oy-"mwf+'-ypn;jzifh o'NyD;onf[k ,l&m\/ #Dumausmfrl o',wDw-Gwfqkd d f D d tyfaomaMumifh oa'g-o' rnf\ukd jyqkxm;\/ xkd tvkdtm;jzifh o'-"mwfjzifyif NyD;onf[k ,l&m\/ d h 2-teHYonf teHYaom yef;opfo; ponfwYdk udk ]]onfrm Sygonf}}[k jyouJoYdk SaomaMumifh xkoYdk dS D S d h d d qkayonf/ d 3-ZD0w+t0S-rS Zd0Sg-[k kyNf yD;onf/ vQmjzifh t&omSaom tpmukd vufc pm;jcif;jzifh tm[m& d d H Zkyfukd rSD toufi&aomaMumifh vQmu toufudk ac:onf-[k qkonf/ S f d
185
4-uk+tm,-rS um, jzpfvmonf/ um,ukd pufqyz,f tmo0w&m;wkYd \ jzpf&m[k (CmeZd0gwkYd r) k f G S S txl;y rdeYf qonf? taMumif;rSm- jrifjcif; tjrwfq; tpSaom tEkw&,wkYd \ taMumif; rjzpfueaom dk Hk d d k f umr&m*vQif taMumif;Sonfh uHaMumifjh zpfueaom umr&m*\ 0daoo taMumif;vnf; jzpfueaom Cme d k f k f Zd0gum,wkYd wif um,onf tmo0w&m;wkYd \ omxl;aomtaMumif; jzpfjcif;aMumifh aywnf;/ rSe\-xkum, S G f d jzifh tawGUtxdcsr;omukd om,mukevsuf ow0gwkYd onf arxker0ruaomfvnf; yvkyMf u\/ (#Dum) f f f DS J I dk 0do'r*fif; #Dumif; omo0"rmeH omo0w&m;wkYd \-[k S&mwGif tmo0 "rmeH-tmo0 w&m;wdYk \-[k k d d Sdoifh\/ taMumif;aomfum; omo0-w&m;[lonfrm tmoa0g\ tmkjH zpfaom avmuDw&m;rsm; jzpfonf? xkd S avmuD w&m;wkYd jrifjh rwfaom psmeftbdnmOf ukovrsm; 0dyemukovrsm;vnf; yg0ifae\? xkYd aMumifh dk f dk f tEkw&,\ taMumif;rjzpf[aom pum;ESivnf;ravsm?f pufqyz,f qkonfEivnf; ruku?f tmo0"rmeH d l hf k f G d S hf d tmo0w&m;wkYd \ jzpf&m[k SygrS aS;aemuf tvk;pkH nDnwonf/ #Dumausmfvnf; ukpwmeH ygy"rmeHd H G f d pufqyz,f ,kwrmaom tukovw&m;wkYd \+tma,m-jzpf&mjzpfaomaMumifh um, rnfonf-[k qkxm; k f G f dk f d ayonf/ okYd jzpf rlvu tmo0 "rmeH-[k a&;cJonf? aemufumv omo0"rmeH-[k cRwf,i;vsuf Sonf[k h G f d NrJNrHpm rSw,&m\/ G f l
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1-zko-"mwf+wA-ypn;jzifh azm|A-[k kyfNyD;onf/ f 2-pum,we-ponfwkdY puK aomw-ponfwYdkum; tcsi;csi; rwlyJ uGjJ ym; xl;jcm;uke\? tm,we f f f -o'gum; 12-yk'v;yif ruGjJ ym; rxl;jcm;yJ S\? xkYd aMumifh rxl;aom tm,weo'g\-[k qkonf/ f Hk d d
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1-lygkH ponfwkdY .... tm;xkwfukef\-[k pyfyg/ 2- tpSd-[laom pum;jzifh onm\ rSwom;jcif;udp ocFg&wkYd \ yvkytm;xkwjf cif;udp pdw\ f f f tmkudk odjcif;udpwYdk udk ,l&m\/ H 3-qufpyf tvG,wul odEi&ef vufonf;uGi;jzifh jznfpu jyonf/ jrifvsuf cHpm;jcif; paom f dk f f h G f udpudk yvkytm;xkw&m jzpfaomaMumifh puKrsufponfif;? ly-tqif;onfif; tm,wernf\/ Mum;vsuf f f d cHpm;jcif; paom udpudk yvkytm;xkw&mjzpfaomaMumifh aomw-em;onfif;? o'-toHonfif; tm,we f f rnf\ ponfjzifh od&m\/ 4-tm,-'Gg& tmkwYdk jzpfaom pdwapwoduwYdk udk + we-us,fjyefYBuD;yGg;aponf = tm,we-tm, H f f rnfaom pdwf apwoduwYdkudk us,jf yefY BuD;yGg;apaomw&m;/ f
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1-tm,w-Snaom oHo&mqif;&Ju+e,-e-aqmifwwfonf-jzpfapwwfonf = tm,we-Snfaom f dk oHo&mqif;&Judk jzpfapwwfaomw&m;/ 2-qkconftwki; tpdwtyki;o'g uGjJ ym;onf\tpGr;jzifh tm,weo'g\ teufudk zGiqNdk yD;vQif d hJ h d f f d f f hf ,cktcg xkd tm,weo'g y&d,m,f teuftm;jzifvnf; jyjcif;iSg tyd p-wenf;aomfum; ponfudk tm;xkwf h jyqkawmfravonf/ (#Dum) qkcNhJ yD;aompum;jzifh tpdwtpdwo'gwkYd \ teufjzifh tm,we rnfyudk jyonf/ d l d f f Hk ,ckjyrnfpum;jzifrum; taygif;vkuf tm,weo'gjzifh &Ekiaom teufrsm;ukjd yonf/ h h l d d f
186
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1-xkrsupponfwYdkudk rSMD uaomaMumif-[laom pum; (b0ifpwf tm0Ze;pdw[aom) reonf d f d h d f f l (raem'Gg&m0Ze;ESihf aZmpdw[aom) raem0dnmPftpSueaom pdwf apwoduwYdk \ ed,ypn; rjzpf? f f l d k f f f xkYd aMumifh xkd pdwf apwoduwYdk \ raem'Gg&tjzpfudk ,if;re\ rS&m ed,tjzpf[k rSwtyf\/ (#Dum)/ f D f
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1-tusOf;tm;jzifh ... emrfEihf kyrQomvQif jzpfue\-[k pyfyg/ S f k f 2-puK-rsufpytjzpfjzifh wlonfudk trsKd;Zmwf[k qkonf/ d k f d 3-taMumif;tjym;[lonf uHtpSonf\ tjym;aywnf;/ csJUjytH?h 'geponf-ygPmwdygwponf d tjym;tm;jzifh uGjJ ym;aom ukovf tukovuH taMumif;\if; xku\ tultnDjzpfueaom twGi;tjyif dk dk f d H k f f taMumif;wkYd \if; tjym;tm;jzifh (tusKd;jzpfaom) pum,weonf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;ayonf/ i&Jtp Saom tjym; d onfif; tajcrJh ow0gponf\ *wdtuGtjym;onfif; *wdtjym;rnf\? *wdwYdk\tjym; *wdwYdk tjym;-[k J 0pewy odtyf\/ qiftaygif; jrif;taygif; paom edum,-trsKd;wl taygif;onfif; cwd,-rif;rsK;paom d taygif;onfif; edum,tjym; rnf\/ xkxdk ow0g\ oEmeftjym;onf yk*Kd vftjym; rnf\/ (#Dum) d
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1-okc 'ku Oayum okYd tpSaom tjym;onf oabmtjym; rnf\/ rsufptawGUaMumifjh zpfaom d d a0'em em;tawGUaMumifh jzpfaoma0'em okYd paom xl;jcm;jcif;onf emew-xl;jcm;jcif; tjym;rnf\/ 2-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd pum;onf oAmed{0- {0-twGuf jyefqcsufjzpfonf/ t<uif;tusef f f dk rSonfudk odap&ef jzpfonf/ ygVd tusK;rsm;aomfvnf; jrefrmpum;t&mrl tusK;rrsm;ay/ xkUd aMumifyif d d d h vufonf;uGi;jzifh jyxm;onf/ f
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1-oabmtxnfu,f vk;vk; ysufp;uG,aysmufom;onf[k qkv\/ dk H H D f G d dk
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1-oVm,we0*o,wygVdawmf jrefrmjyef ESm 377-8-wkYd Munfyg/ H k f 2- pum;acsmap&ef tenf;i,f jyif jyefxm;onf/ S&if;twki;jyefvQif ]]rSeay\- pum;ukd d d f f a[mawmfrtyfay\/ ]&[ef;wkYd rsufpudk ESpoufz,f rESpoufz,tqif;wkYd u ESypuftyf\} okdYponf csJU l d f G f G f d f odtyf\}}[l jzpfonf/ 3-oVm,we0*o,wygVdawnf jrefrmjyef ESm 398- Munfhyg/ H k f
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1-oHo&mqif;&J trsKd;rsKd;wkYd \ taMumif;toD;toD;tjzpfjzifh uGjJ ym;Muonfudk qkonf/ avmukw&m d "mwfwYdkonf oHo&mqif;&Judk rpD&ifwwf-rjzpfapwwfue?f pifppfrm zsuq;wwfue\? xkYd aMumifh avmuD"mwf k S f D k f wkYd [k txl;y qkonf/ (#Dum)/ d
187
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1-aTausmuf aiGausmuftpSaom "mwfwYdk [onfrm aTponfwYdk \ rsK;aphjzpfueaom ausmuf ponf d l S d k f wkYd aywnf;/ (#Dum)/ aTreYf aiGreYf ponfyg0ifaom ausmuf"mwf ajr"mwf ponfwYdk uqonf/ I I dk dk 2-jzpfoifonfh tm;avsmfpm[l&m tcsKdUq&mwkYd u ]]avmuD avmukw&m "mwfwYdk tMuif tMuif h G teufonf jzpfoif\? xkteuftm;avsmfpm}}[laom teufudk zGique\/ xktqkonf roif?h taMumif;rSm h d G hf dk k f d d avmuD"mwfwYdkonf[k txl;y qkNd yD;jzpfaomaMumifaywnf;/ pifppfaomfum; jzpfoifonfh tm;avsmpm [laom h h f G pum;ukd teuftvktm;jzifom qkayonf? "mwftvktm;jzifqonf r[kway/ teufig;yg;vk;wkYd uyif puK d h d d h dk f H dk paom tvk;pkaom "mwfwYdk twGuf tu,fum; tvktyfay\? okYd aomfvnf; puKp onfwYdk wif tMuiftMuif H H d dS G w&m;twGuf uwm;ukd qkvaomtcg uHtjzpfonf roif?h uHuqvaomtcg uwm;tjzpfonfroif?h d dk dk dk dk <uif;aom ukP;ponfwYdk vnf; twlyif? xkYd aMumifh jzpfoifonftm;avsmpm[k qkayonf/ (#Dum) d f h f G d
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1-todPfonf "r"mwfxrS tarm[apwoduyifjzpfonf? "mwf 18-yg;vk;yif odtyfaom a,s J f H w&m;wkYd jzpfonf/ (#DumESitnDyif) hf
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1-tpmrS &o"mwfponf ajymif;vJjzpfyudk 0do'r*f-jrefrmjyef 'kw, wGEm (577) atmufajcrSwcsuf Hk k d d J S f 3-4-wkYd udk Munfyg/ h 2-blwkyf 4-yg;ESitmumo 0dnmP"mwfwYdk udk "mwf 6-yg;[k qkdonf/ hf
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1-raem"mwfonf 'Gg&r[kwaomaMumifh ,if;u raem0dnmPftm; tb,foYdk aus;Zl;yaomtaMumif; f jzpfoenf;[k pOf;pm;zG,\/ xkdtcsufudk #Dum Si;vif;jyxm;onfrm-raem"mwf "r"mwfwYdk\vnf; f dS f S raem0dnmPf\ taMumif;tjzpfudk jzpfoifonftm;avsmfpm ,SOaptyf\/ ud&,mraem"mwfonf oE&P h G f d D tpSaom raem0dnmPftm; Oyed,tpGr;jzifh aus;Zl;y\? 0dygufraem"mwfonf 0dygufraem0dnmPftm; d f teE& ponfjzifh aus;Zl;y\? 0ka|mtpSaom tjcm;raem0dnmPftm; Oyed,tpGr;jzifom aus;Zl;y\? d f h a0'emtpSaom "r"mwfonfwuG jzpfaom raem0dnmPftm; o[Zmw ponfjzifif; o[Zmw r[kwonfh d h f raem0dnmPftm; teE&ponfjzifif; Oyed,jzifif; tm&rP ponfjzifif; aus;Zl;y\-okYd jzpfoifonfh h h h l h tm;avsmfpm ,SOtyf\/ ( o[Zmwm-to[ZmwmwkYd udk raem0dnmPf\ 0daooey odv,atmif G f G f jyefxm;onf) wenf;um; 'Gg&jzpfaomre\ tpGr;tm;jzifh ,SOtyf\/ rSef\-'Gg& jzpfaom b0ifEihf f f S tm0Ze;reukvnf; okwwYdk raem"mwf[k a[mtyf\? xkYd aMumifh xk'g&raem"mwf\ raem0dnmPf\ f d f d G taMumif;tjzpfudk jzpfoihonftm;avsmfpm ,SOaptyf\/ (#Dum) f G f
188
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1-oH,wygVd yXrwGJ ESm 364- Sd\/ k f 2-0dbif;ygVd ESm 88/ 'D 3? 181-ponf Sd\/ 3-0dbif; 87/ r 3? 108- Sd\/ 4-oH,wf 3? 60- Sd\/ k 5-'D 3? 181- Sd\/ 6-'D 3? 190 Sd\/ 7-r 3? 107/ 0dbif; 84-wkdY Sd\/ 8-r 3/ 108- Sd\/
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1-'D 2? 225/ r 3? 108-wkdY Sd\/ 2-ly"mwf ponfEipyf\ [l&m &m*\ wnf&mtmktjzpfjzifh ,ltyfaom tjcif;t&monf okb S hf H edrdwfyif [k ESvkH;oGif; ]]ly ponfwkdYyif}}[k rqkdrl ]]pyf\}}[laom pum;ukd qkayonf/ (#Dum) d 3-&m*\ wnf&mtmktjzpf rSjd im;aomfvnf; ukov0dyguf\ tmkonf okb"mwfyif jzpfaomaMumifh H H (xkujdk y&ef) wenf;um; ponfjzifh 'kw,0duyfudk rdeYf qawmfronf/ (#Dum) d d dk l
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1-0d[om"mwf[onf apwemwnf;/ wenf; olwyg;ukd nO;qJvaom qEwnf;/ t0d[om"mwf l f dk [lonf oem;jcif; ukPmyifwnf;/ (#Dum)
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1-0dnmP"mwfonf 6-yg;om Sd\? okYd aomfvnf; xkd 0dnmP"mwf\ aSUoGm; aemufvujf zpfaom dk raem"mwfuyg,l 0dnmP"mwf ckepfyg;[k qkonf/ (#Dumukr tusOf;jyonf) dk d d DS 2-puKponf rsm;aom"mwfwYdk aomaMumifh rsm;aom"mwfonf[if;? puKpaom "mwfwyg;yg;yif dS dS l trsKd;rsKd; uGjJ ym;aomaMumifh trsKd;rsKd;aom "mwfonf[if; qkonf/ (#Dumukyif rS tusOf;jyonf) dS l d d D
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1-tw0g'DwYdk onf ow0g wOD; wOD;\ twudk wckwnf; tuGtjym; rS[if;? b,fawmhrS rysufyJ J d l wBuHwnf; tNrJwnfaeonf [lif;? okYd r[kwf raorDtwGi; tNrJwnfaeonf[if; ,lq ajymqkMd u\? h f l xkYd aMumifh xkowYdk u tw[k xifrwaom pdw0nmPf\rsm;jcif;ukif; rNrJjcif;ukif; jyjcif;onf ,if;wkYd \ d l S f f d d d ZD0onm twpudk y,fEwEi&efjzpf\/ (#Dumukyif rS csKH;jyonf/) JG I f dk f d D
189
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1- qkxm;ykudk axmufq ]]yO'g&m0Ze; or#pKd ef;}}[laom trnfrsm;onf t|uxmq&mrsm; d H G f d vufxufuyif ajyma[maeonfh a0g[m&jzpfaMumif; od&\/ 2-apwoducEmok;yg;ukd toD;toD;cG 52-yg;a&wGuvQif 69-yg;jzpfonf/ f H J f
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1-ta&miftvif;rnfonf aea&mifponfyif/ if;ukd okweenf;tm;jzifh Oyed,ypn;jzpfonf[k f f odtyf\? <uif;aomtayguftMum; ponfwYdk uvnf; enf;wlyif odtyf\/ tayguftMum; rnfonf txl; dk tm;jzifh em;aygufwnf;/ av[lonf teHYuo,faqmifvmaom avyif/ tmayg t&nftpkd[onf cHwi; dk l G f xnfvuonfh tpmukd pkapwwfaom a&yif/ yx0D[onf um,yom'\ rS&mjzpfaom yx0D"mwfyif/ h dk f d l D b0ifpwre [lonf ESpBf udrvyaom b0ifpwyif/ tm;vk;wkYd reodum& ESv;oGi;rI[onf tm0Ze; d f f I f d f H Hk f l f reodum& aywnf;/ (#Dum) 2-t|omvdet|uxm ESm 322- rS&m[',0wKESiwuG taMumif; 4-yg;yif jy\/ D D hf 3-t&m S&if;twki;jyefvQif pum;xyfaeouJoYdk jzpfrnfaMumifh tusOf;csKH; jyefxm;onf/ d d f h
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1-y'krmMumtoGif xif&aom oif"e;pufuoYdk rde;rponf\ tjzpfjzifh xif&aom kyonfvnf; k f hJ f f txl;xl; tjym;jym;aom Oy'a0gukd jzpfapwwf\/ (#Dum) "r"mwf yg0ifaom okcrky\ IrSwftyfaom k f tjcif;t&mukd jyaomt&mjzpf wdbm0kyf ponfudk qkonf[k ,l&m\/ d
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1-yXraÈukd ... tenmwnmrDwaÈ[ ac:qktyf\-[k pyfyg/ d l d 2-tenmwH-rod&ao;onfudk + mrDw-od&ayvdrrnf[k (&nf usiormjzpfaom) + È,d hf hf l S d aÈ = tenmwnmrDw`d E,-tenmwnmrDwaÈ-rod&ao;onfudk od&ayvdrrnf[k &nf, d d hf G f usiorm jzpfaomaÈ/ hf l S
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1-tm - odNyD; tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh + - odaom + È, - aÈtndÈD,-tndaÈ-odNyD; d f d tyki;tjcm;jzifh odaomaÈ/ d f 2-tnmwm0D-odNyD;aomol\ + È,-aÈ= tnmwm0dÈ,-tnmwm0daÈ-odjcif;udp NyD;NyD;aom d D &[Em\ aÈ/ 3-EEihf Èonf teufwyif/ È-ykiiuudk + ,-jywwfonfaom urZky?f qkvonfrm S l d f S f H d dk S aumif;-raumif;aom urZkyrsm;ukd axmufq ukovuH tukovuudk od&onf? xkoYdk odatmif urZkyf f dk f dk f H d rsm;u jywwfonf? wenf; ,if;kyrsm;jzifh jy&onf-[k qkv\/ tvktm;jzifh ykiiuudk jywwfonf? f d dk d d f S f H wenf; jyaMumif;jzpfonf[om teuf&\? tpk;&onf[aom teufuum; r&ay/ Eo|-[laom teuf l d l dk d tvktm;jzifvnf; ykiiuu jzpfaponf[aom teufuom&onf? tpk;&onf[aom teufuum; r&ay/ d h d f S f H l dk d l dk
190
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1-È - &[ef;wkYd \tSib&m; + , - a[mtyf odtyf rS0tyfonf = È, - aÈ - jrwfpm f k D J d G bk&m;u a[mtyf - odtyf - rS0tyfaomw&m;=tvktm;jzifvnf; tpk;&onf[aomteufudk r&ay/ D J d h d l 2- jyoifaom t"dyg,fonf ESm-365? rSwcsuf 3- yg0ifavNyD/ h f 3-E-Èt& uHu,&m È,jzifh urzvjzpfaom aÈwYdkuom ,SOap&m\/ E-Èt& dk l d dk f bk&m;ukd ,l&m aÈ 22-yg;vk;ukd ,SOap&m\? okYd ,SOoifovkd ,SOap&ef nTejf yonf/ H f f h f 4-tzGitvktm;jzifh urZr[kwaom tjcm;aÈrsm;onf aÈrrnf&maomaMumifif;? tedÈ, hf d f h d urZkywYdk vnf; aÈrnfoif&maomaMumifif; oHo,jzpfz,\/ f h h G f dS
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1-tzGirsm;tvktm;jzifh bk&m;yGiawmfrNl yD;rS È,[laom a0g[m&jzpfay:vmouJoYdk S\? okYd aomf hf d hf d h d vnf; È,[laom a0g[m&ukd bk&m;ryGiruyif ajymqko;pGvsufSd\/ 'DCedum,f omrnzvokw d hf D d Hk J f bk&m;ryGiru ay:aeMuaom *kP;q&mBuD; 6-a,mufwYdk wif tZdwauourv\0g' vlaoaomtcg hf D d f G todEiqiaom aÈrsm;aysmufom;aMumif;ukd ]]È,med tmumoH ouFrE-rsupem;paom aÈwYdkonf S hf dk f G d d f d tmumoxJoYdk ajymif;uke\}}[k jyqkxm;\/ xkYd jyif [dEL0g' jAm[P0g'wkYd rsupd em; ESm vQm uk,f (wp) f d f d wkYd udk Ak'aÈ(todaÈ) ig;yg;[lif;? EIwf vuf ajc 0pr*f ym0r*fwYdk udk uraÈ (tvkyaÈ) ig;yg;[l d d f if;? re[laom Ob,daÈ (tod tvkyf 2-yg;vkH; aÈ) 1-yg;[lif; 11-yg;aom aÈwYdk udk ajymqko;pGJ d Hk Mu\/ xkYd aMumifh È, [laom trnfonf bk&m;ryGiruyif E, ok;pGaeaom trnfjzpfaMumif; d hf D d H J xifSm;\/ xktrsm;od trnfjzifyif (ornH emwd"ma0,s) [lonfEitnD jrwfpmbk&m;u aÈrnfxuaom d h S hf G dk f (22)yg;aom w&m;wkYd udk tjynftpkxwazmf a[mMum;awmfrconf[l rSwotyfayonf/ xkYd jyif t&m h H k f l hJ f d ErnfaomuH Ernfaom bk&m;ESipyf È, rnfyudk jyqkjd cif;rSm o'genf;tm;jzifh jzpfoifaomaMumifh hf d Hk h okwyGg;ap&eftwGuom jyqkjd cif; jzpfonf[vnf; rSw,&m\/ xkYd aMumifyif È,o'g\ vk&if;teufudk f l f l h d d jy&ef tyd p-ponfjzifh toifavsmfq; teufuvnf; jyqkawmfrcayonf/ h Hk dk d l hJ
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1-tydp-\ teufjzpfonf/ enf;t& teufonfum; oHo,jzpfz,rSd ckiv\? aemufjyrnfh udp G f d f Hk a0zefcsufEivnf; ukun\? È,ypn; a'oemESivnf; avsm\/ xkYd aMumifh (toif,wd tjynfht0 S hf d f D d f hf f h k Sonf) [laom 0daooeukyg jznfpu jyefvuonf/ teuf tzGit&tm;jzifh E È È, [laom d h d h G f dk f hf d o'gok;ckv;ukyif teuft& wlonf[k rSw,&m\/ H Hk d f l
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1-NyD;aptyfaom ... rdr\ ... tjcif;t&mokdY-[k pyfyg/ d 2-ponfjzifh ... tpOfvuapjcif;-[k pyfyg/ dk f 3-w&m;wkYd udk ... tpOfvuapjcif;-[lyif pyfyg/ dk f 4-ponf qktyfaom ... tjcif;t&m-[k pyfyg/ d
191
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1-ou'g*grdr*f tndaÈ\ umr&m* Asmyg'wkYd udk acgif;yg;apjcif;? tem*grdr*f tndaÈ\ if;wkYd udk t<uif;rJh y,fjcif;? t&[wr*f tndaÈ\ ]ponf}t& usefoa,mZOfwYdkudk y,fjcif;-[k ok;yki;cG ,l&m\/ H H d f J
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1-0dem omoeuar-[laom 2-yk'wYdk \ teufjzpfonf/ omoeuar-yk'udk wwEihf t&wl aygif; k f f S vnf; teuf jyefMu\/ okYd aomf xkEpy'wYdk tvSr;a0;aomaMumifif; tm,weuxm ponfwYdk wwtpGEihf d S f k f f h J S nDapoifaomaMumifif; txufygtwki;jyefonf/ opa'oem uRrf;usifaom ynm S[onfudk h h d f d l tzGi jyxm;onftwki; avhvm uRrf;usifrnfynmSudk ,l&m\/ hf h d f h d 2-tenxm [lonfum; tjcm;tjcif;t&mrS uif;uke\ rESypufwwfjcif; tpSaom tjcif;t&mrS f d f d qdwue\/ (#Dum) f k f
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1-teufoabmwkdYukd ... odtyfukef\-[k pyfyg/ 2-uk,qif;&J pdwqif;&J tjzpfjzifif; xkqif;&JEprsKd;\ taMumif;tjzpfjzifif; wnfjcif;onf yDVe|d f f h d S f h ESypufjcif; oabm rnf\/ (#Dum) tjzpftysufwYdk jzifh ESypufjcif;ukvnf; yDVe|- twGi;0ifonf[k ,loif\/ d f d f d f h 3-uk,qif;&J pdwqif;&J tjzpfwYdk jzifif; xkqif;&J\ taMumif;tjzpfjzifif; ylavmifapjcif;onf d f f h d h oEmy| rnf\? wenf; udavomtylwYdkEihf ,SOapjcif;onf oEmy|rnf\/ (#Dum) S f 4-teufoabm 4-yg;wkYd wif yDVe|onf 'kuopm\ olUoabm&if;jzifyif xifm;aom tjcif;t&m G h S aywnf;? useo;yg;onf ork',r* eda&m"wkYd udk jrifjcif;wkYd jzifh tpOftwki; xifm;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd f Hk d f S aywnf;/ (#Dum) 'kuudk Iqifjcifcu yDVe| xifay:\? ork',ukd jrifaomtcg if;ESipyf qifjcifMunfvQif dk f hf h ocFw|xifm;\? tb,faMumifenf;-y#doaErp wPSmork',aMumifh jzpfaom w&m;rsm; jzpfaomaMumifyif/ S h h S h r*\ udavom tylNidr;apykudk jrifaomtcg 'ku\ oEmy| xifm;\? eda&m"\ rysufjcif;ukd jrifaomtcg f H S 'ku\ azmufjyefysup;jcif; 0dy&dPmr| xifm;\-[k qkv\/ f D S d dk
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1-xkxtmkH xkxb0 ESpoufaysmfarGUonf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh (tm+OD[eH) jyefYEYHS BuHjcif;onf d dk d dk f (&modu&PH) qif;&Jtpkudk yjcif;onf 'kuudk jzpfapjcif;onf tm,l[ernf\? (qif;&Judk ESpoufjcif;ukyif f d ,if;ukd aygif;pk,ouJoYdk jzpfaomaMumifh okYd qkayonf? qif;&Jjzpfatmif ESpoufjcif;-tm;xkwjf cif;yif l h d f jzpfonf)/ wenf; ork',rSvmaomaMumifh tm,rnfaom 'kuudk (OD[eH y0we) jzpfapjcif;onf tm,l[e H rnf\/ tm,l[eonf olUyifuoabmjzifyif xifm;aom tjcif;t&maywnf;/ (#Dum) dk h S 2-r*f&jcif;ukd wm;jrpfjcif;onf 0g-r*fr&atmif wm;jrpfjcif;onf yvdaAm"|aywnf;/ ed'ge| oHa,m*| yvdaAm"|wkYd onf 'kuea&m"r*wYdk udk jrifjcif;wkYd jzifh xifm;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd aywnf;/ (#Dum) d S (tqkd 2-&yfaygif; jyvkuonf) d f 3-ed&P|onf eda&m"\ yifudk oabmjzifh xifm;aom tjcif;t&mjzpfonf/ 0da0u tocFw S trw|wkYd onf ork', r* 'kuudk jrifjcif;jzifh xifm;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd aywnf;/ (#Dum) S
192
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1-ed,sme|onf r*\ olUyifuoabmjzifh xifm;aom tjcif;t&mjzpfonf/ a[wk 'e tm"dy dk S aw,s|wkYd onf ork', eda&m" 'kuwYdk udk jrifjcif;wkYd jzifh xifm;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd aywnf;/ (#Dum) 16 S yg;aom teufoabmwkYd xifm;ykEihf pyf tbd"rw o*F[ usrf;\tzGihf oacFy0Pem#Dum atmufyg S H S *gxmukd jyqkxm;onf/ d yXrH ouvuParuy'H? 'kw,m'dy'} ed'eawm/ d oreD 'kerm or'l oed'?l 0dbaZ urawm yXare 0dem/ d yXrH {uy'H-yDVe|paom yXrwyk'f wyk'onf? t-xkopm av;yg;\? ouvuP-toD; f d H toD;aom olUvuPmjyyk'f aywnf;/ yXare 0dem-yXr yk'udk MuOf? 'kw,m'dy'H-'kw,yk'f ocFw| paom f d d ok;yk'f ok;yk'u?dk urawm-tpOftwki;? oreD-ork', r* eda&m" wkYd uif;? 'kerm-'ku eda&m" r*wYdk uif;? H H f d f dk d dk or'l-ork', r* 'kuwYdk uif;? oed'-ork', eda&m" 'kuwYdkuif;? ed'eawm-jrifjcif;tm;jzif?h 0dbaZ dk l dk a0bef od&m\/ 2-tbdor,| t&onf yDVe| paom aSUteuf oabmav;yg;yifjzpfonf/
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1-tzGihf tvktm;jzifh 'ku-yk'f pufqkyfzG,f tcsnf;ESD;tcsnf;ESD; pufqkyfzG,f[k teuf & xk\ d \? d qefYusibuf okc-yk'vnf;aumif;aom tcsn;ES; tcsnf;ES; taumif;-[k teuf&&m\/ okYd jzpfvQif edAmeH f f f D D y&rH okc?H oEoc-[l&mwkYd vnf; xkteufyif&&m\? okYd pOf;pm;a0befMunfvQif teuftzGi oHo, d k H d h hf jzpfz,\/ xkYd aMumifh okwyGg;&eftwGuom jyxm;jcif; jzpfonf[k ,l&m\/ avmu okc 'ku [laom G f dS f a0g[m&wkYd onf tvGeyif xifm;uke\? aumif;jcif;-csrf;om[laom tvktyfaom oabmukd okc[kac:Mu\? f S f d dS raumif;jcif;-qif;&J[aom tvkrStyfaomoabmukd 'ku[k ac:Mu\/ t&m raumif;jcif; qif;&J[aom l d d l tvkrStyfaom teuf oabmom vk&if;jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifyif Zmwd ponf 'kurnfaMumif; jy&m d d d h raumif;jcif;-qif;&J[aom teufuom jyxm;ayonf/ l dk
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1- tzGionfvnf; okwyGg;&ef twGuom jzpf&m\/ {0arw au0v 'kuuE ork' a,m hf f a[mwd? ork',"rmEkyD? tmo0ork',m t0dZm ork'a,m-tpSaom ygVdwYdk ork',o'gonf jzpfjcif; d teuf jzpfaMumif;teufudk a[maMumif; xifm;\/ xkYd aMumifh t&m jzpfyg;aMumif;[laom teufom vk&if; S G d jzpfonf[k rSw,&m\/ f l 2-xkYd aMumifh (oHo&maESmiftrudk 'kua&m"[k qktyf\)[k tjynftpkqoifaomfvnf; xifm;aom d f d h H dk h S aMumifh vufonf;uGi; twGi;Sd pum;rsm;ukd jrKyfxm;onf/ f f
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1-ed-rSd + a&m" - axmif = eda&m" - 'kuaxmifrS/ 'ku-qif;&J\+eda&m"axmifrSd = 'kuea&m" d d 'ku\ axmifrS&m-'kuaxmifrS&m-[k oifavsmfatmif teufjyef&m\/ d d h 2-'ku-qif;&J\+eda&m"-axmifrSaMumif;-uif;aMumif;w&m; = 'kuea&m"-'ku\ axmifuif;aMumif; d d -'ku axmifuif;aMumif; w&m;[k oifavsmatmif teufjyef&m\/ teuf 2-ckwYdk 'kuEihf eda&m" ormof h f S wGpyfNyD;aomtcg ed-yk'udk ausmf 'kuEihf a&m"-yk'wYdk udk waygif;wnf;qufpyf ,l&jcif;onf o'genf; J f S f tm;jzifh racsmvSay/
193
3- aemufq;tzGi eda&m" o'gonfum; ed aS;Sdaom k"-"mwfjzifh NyD;aom o'gjzpfonf? ,w Hk hf puK p edZwd lyonm p edZwd? ao tm,wae a0'dwaA-paom ygVdwYdk Eivnf; nDnway\/ xkd yk'f\ k k S hf G f teufx ]]rjzpfjcif;[laom csKyfjcif;}}[laom pum;jzifh csKyfjcif;[lonfrm rjzpfjcif;yif[k odap\/ xkYd aMumifh J S 'kuea&m"-'ku\ csKyfjcif;-csKyf&m-csKyfaMumif; w&m;[k teufjyef&m\/ d
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1-'kuea&m" - 'ku\ csKyf&mokYd + *grdeD - oGm;a&mufaom + y#dy'g-(yk*Kd vf\) a&mufaMumif; d tusifjh zpfaom t&d,opm/ r*opmonf olu,wiu edAmefoYdk tmkH yaomtm;jzifh oGm;a&muf\? olUukd dk f dk f yGg;apaom yk*Kd vf\ edAmefa&mufaMumif; tusivnf; jzpf\? xkYd aMumifh 'kuea&m"*grdeD y#dy'g rnfayonf/ hf d 2-t&d,-t&d,mwkYd odtyfaom+op-opm=t&d,op-t&d,mwkYd odtyfaomopm-trSew&m;/ f 3-t&d,-jrwfpmbk&m;\+op-opm-trSew&m;=t&d,op-jrwfpmbk&m;\ opm-trSew&m;/ G f G f
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1-tbdorK'wm-xk;xGi; odNyD;onf\ tjzpfaMumif-[k twdtusjyefvQif NyD;aomaMumif-[laom d f h h [dwEihf eD;uyfaeaomaMumifh jrefrmpum;racsm? xkYd aMumifh vuPteufjzifh vJv,jyefonf/ f S S f 2-t&d,-t&d,mtjzpfudk NyD;apwwfaom 0g-t&d,m jzpfapwwfaom+op-opm-trSew&m; = t&d, f op-t&d,m jzpfapwwfaom opm-trSew&m;/ f
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1-'ku'uac: uk,pw\ qif;&Jjcif;ESihf xkqif;&JjzpfaMumif; edrwtjzpfonf ESypufjcif;rnf\/ k d f d f d d f d f wenf; jzpfjcif; ysujf cif;jzifh rjywfEypufwwfonf\tjzpfonf ESypufjcif;rnf\/ (#Dum) 'kuopmu dS f d f uk,pw\ qif;&Jjcif;jzifvnf; ESypufwwf\? xkqif;&Jrsm;ukd jzpfapvsuvnf; ESypufwwf\/ jzpfjcif; d f d f h d f d f d f ysujf cif;jzifvnf; ESypufwwf\-[k qkv\/ h d f d dk 2-b0ponfwYdk Zmwdponf\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; rsufpa&m*gponf\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; rsm;aom f h d f h tjym;tm;jzifh qif;&Judk jzpfapjcif;onfyif yk*Kd vfudk ylavmifapjcif; rnf\/ (#Dum) oEmy| t&m zGicaom hf hJ teufuvnf; ,loif\/ dk h 3-oHo&mac: y0w(rjywfjzpfaejcif;)ESihf 0darmu (vGwajrmufjcif;) ac: ed0wdwYdkwif rjywfjzpfae d f G jcif;oabmjzpf (oabmtjzpfjzif) ,ltyf-odtyf\? xkYd aMumifh txufygtwki; qkayonf/ (#Dum) h d f d 4-tMuifwPSmrS qif;&Jonf p jzpfc\? aS;b0ESihf aemufb0onf rjywfpyfvsuf jzpfae\? xkt&if; hJ d rlvwPSmonf yb0-trGef tptaMumif;rnf\/ (#Dum)
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1-]]wPSmtEko,ukd ry,f rEIwtyfao;vQif qif;&J'uonf tzefzefjyefjzpf\}}[k a[mawmfrl f k onftwki; ('kuu)tzefzefjzpfapjcif;onf 'kurjywfpatmifyjcif;rnf\/ (#Dum) h d f dk J 2-b0rSxuajrmufjcif;ukd wm;jrpfjcif;onf yvdaAm" rnf\/ (#Dum) aS;yvdaAm"|-\ tzGiuvnf; G f hf dk jyefMunfyg/ h
194
3-wPSmukejf cif; ponf\tjzpfjzifh (oA'uoEwm) qif;&Jtm;vk;\ Nidr;onf\tjzpfonf 0gk H f Nidr;jcif;onf oErnf\/ (#Dum) ore-Nidr;jcif; oE-Nidr;jcif;? udavomqif;&J 0#fqif;&Jtm;vk;\ Nidr;jcif; f d f d f H f ukyif oEvuPm[k qkonf/ d d d 4-tpKwd&oEd tpKwdorwu?H tp0eudpH 0g/ (#Dum) udp[onfrmvnf; aGUavsmrI aoysufrI d l S rSjd cif;ukd udpuoYdk y y&d,m,ftm;jzifh qkonf/ (#Dumyif) hJ d 5-cEmig;yg;[laom edrwuif;onf\ tjzpfaMumifh (t0d*[H [kwm) txnfj'Af ykoPmef uif;onf d f G H jzpf ,ltyf-odtyfaomaMumifh txufygtwki; qkonf/ (#Dum) d f d
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1-tEko,udavomwkYd udk t<uif;rJh y,fjzwfjcif;aMumifh oHo&maESmiftrrS xGuajrmufaMumif; tjzpf d f f onf ed,sme (xGuajrmufaMumif;)rnf\/ (#Dum) f 2-tvk;pkaom udavomwkYd udk rjzpfapjcif;[laom csKyfapjcif;onf udavomy,fjcif;ukd yjcif;rnf\/ H H (#Dum) 3-ocFg&tmk[aom edrwrif; rjywfjzpfaeaom tusKd;0dyguftpOfrif; pdw\ xjcif;jzpf ,ltyf H l d f S S f aomaMumifh 0k|meypKy|me rnf\/ (#Dum) ocFg&tmkudk Iae&mrS r*fpwjf zpfaomtcg if;ukd tmkrybJ H d H edAmef tmkH yonfudk edrwrS xonf[k qkonf? ork',ukd y,faomtm;jzifh aemiftcgjzpfrnfh tusKd;0dyguf cEm d f d tpOfy,fjcif;ukd rjywfjzpfaeaom tusKd;0dyguftpOfrS xonf[qonf/ k dk
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1-,SOaom ... y,fowfwwfaom ... oabmonf[-pyfyg/ f k 2-op0bif;tzGihf rlv#DumESitnD jyefqcsujf zpfonf/ r[m#Dumrl Mum;emolwYdkudk odr;qnf;aMumif; d fh dk f rSay? if;rSm ay:vGiaom teufjzpfaomaMumifh rkcsyif Soif\? okYd jzpf if;twGuf (ZemeH) [laom yk'onf d f d h f aemufumv ul;,l&m usae[ef\/ dS
204
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1-,SOaom ... jzwfwwfaom ... oabmonf[k pyfyg/ f 2-avsmfaom ... ,SOaom ... tMuifvUHk vtm;xkwronf[k pyfyg/ f f I 3-,SOfaom ... oabmonf[k pyfyg/
rSwfcsuf
1-,SOfaom ... oabmonf[k pyfyg/
r*if Spfyg;tus,f
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205
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Visuddhimagga 3

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Visuddhimagga 3

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