Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Book5 2012
Book5 2012
Leiden
(International Court of Justice : ICJ)
()
(Chrugaruda)
(Ransiguta)
(Ketupany)
l
( )
( )
(Atikanishtha)
()
(Javnanda)
()
(Virasamriddhi)
l
(Tanganasinha)
(Chdatemiya)
(Kalasavibhta)
(Tulnanda)
l
( )
l
(Ubbhti)
() (Varnnkra)
()
(Holaputra)
(Chmaravarna)
(Alankranandana)
(Knchanashthiti)
(Kirtiputra)
l
(Mahsuvarna)
( )
( )
(Mahbandhana)
()
(Hemachandra)
(Setakasikara)
( )
(Rochanapurnanda)
()
(Tulyachint)
()
l
(Ratanodom)
l
( )
() (Chmaramn)
()
(Kalambasuta)
()
(Sandhinga)
l
()
(Hvnanda)
( )
(Chdavibhta)
()
(Sumanasukha)
( )
(Prijnnanda)
()
(Mitrnanda)
( )
()
(Suvansa)
l
( )
(Visynkra)
()
(Suddhisreni)
()
(Srichandrnanda)
( )
(Sankhanandana)
()
(Tishyamandala)
l
( )
( )
()
(Knchanajoti)
()
(Niyambh)
l
()
(Pradipavanija)
()
(Sarindu)
()
(Omnanda)
( )
()
(Dirghayasa)
()
(Punyanetra)
()
()
(Unhajta)
()
(Bhekanandana)
l
()
(Hemanga)
()
(Rasnanda)
()
(Pupphavesa)
()
(Sundararohita)
()
(Komalamena)
l
( )
( )
()
(Darbhalakshana)
()
(Poshyanandana)
()
(Amranandana)
l
()
(Prnatisha)
( )
(Punyadrabya)
l
(Makarnanda)
(Chunnnanda)
(Suddhasindhu)
(Sundarasuta)
( )
(Ratbharana)
l
(Indrabhakti)
()
(Javakula)
()
(Sarasinha)
( )
(Khamasundara)
()
(Gangachandra)
l
10
()
()
()
(Knchanagaja)
()
(Ambakasikara)
()
(Nilamba)
()
l
11
(Nityaprabh)
()
( )
(Gannkra)
()
(Sukhachitti)
()
(Bhvakalas)
()
(Rpavijetra)
()
(Anugrahnanda)
(Sankhamani)
(Sundarasara)
l
( )
( )
12
(Limpisuta)
()
(Knchanasuta)
(Punyodom)
(Thitatilaka)
()
()
(Satarat)
()
(Kosin)
()
(Vannasuta)
l
13
( )
(Pradip
na Tha - lang)
()
(Hutajta)
( )
(Abhichitta)
(Yvaves)
(Thitasra)
(Balamat)
(Saragupta)
l
(Chittanidhi)
(Bhekasuta)
(Chandrasrdla)
( )
(Vannabandhu)
l
( )
( )
()
(Thitalohita)
()
() (Milindnuja)
()
(Bhshitnanda)
(Dipapla)
(Subhasankha)
l
(Paurusha)
l
14
( )
4
15
( )
The System of the World
Constitutional Review*
. **
*
** , . . Majoring in Public Law [LLM.].
16
(Hans Kelsen)
(supreme
norm)
Marbuy v. Madison
()
(Schewartz, a)
17
(Rosenfeld, )
Dr. Epstein ()
(Arnaiz, )
(decentralized system) (Sheive,
)
(American model)
(centralized system)
(Harutunyan, )
(European model)
.
(Ferejohn, )
18
(Stone,
)
(Arnaiz, )
(Louis, )
(Poulson, )
(Arantes
19
& Nunes, )
(Epstein, Knight, & Shvetsova, )
(concrete review)
(Ludwikowski, )
(Shapiro and Stone, )
(Vailinder, )
(Gaustini, ; Cardinal, )
20
(Guastini, )
(Rios-Figoueroa, )
(habeas
corpus)
(mandamus) (prohibition)
(certeriorari)
(quo-warranto)
()
()
21
()
()
()
(Shapiro and Stone, ; Mauro, )
Marbury V. Madison
..
(Murphy, Pricjett & Epstein, )
22
(Harutunyan,
a)
(Harutunyan, b)
.
(Harutunyan, ; Sheive, )
..
(Marmor, ) Grundnorm
(Patrono, )
(Epstein, Knight & Shvetsova, )
(Epstein,
)
(Guerra, )
(Harutunyan & Mavi, ; Malavet, ; Sheive, ;
24
Ludwikowski, ; Epstein, )
(supreme
norm)
(Patrono, )
(Mazk, ) (Harutunyan,
)
25
()
()
()
()
()
26
(Henderson, )
(Ferejohn, )
(Favoreau, )
(legal action)
(Lhmus, ; Adamovich, )
27
(Patrono, )
(Harutunyan, c)
(Harutunyan,
d)
(Harutunyan, e, f)
(Mavi, )
(Ahdieh, )
28
(Guanstini, )
(Harutunyan, )
(Patrono, )
(Epstein, )
29
30
(European model)
(decentralized system)
(priori
review)
(posteriori review)
(posteriori review)
(American model)
(abstract norm
c o n t r o l )
(concrete norm control)
(legal remedy)
(American model)
(centralized system)
(European model)
(concrete
review)
(Guastini, )
31
(Steinbergr, )
)
32
(Limbach, ; Malavet, )
(Patrono, )
)
(Sheive, )
)
(ex post facto)
33
(Cardinal, ;
Ludwidowski, )
)
(Guatini, )
(Malavet, )
)
(Guastini, )
34
)
(objective review) (subjective
review)
(Howard, )
(Rogoswski, & Gawron, 2002)
.
35
(Harutunyan,
)
.
(Skrmetti, )
(Henckaerts, & Stefaan, )
36
(Guerra, )
.
(constitutionalism)
(Albania) (Bulgaria)
(Croatia) (Lithuania) (Poland) (Romania)
(Russia) (Slovakia) (Slovenia)
(Czech Republic)
(Smith, ; Ludwikowski, )
37
(Giroto, )
.
38
(Girotto, )
(Guerra, )
(Le Monde, )
39
(Spitrovski, )
.
(Engel, a)
(Engel, b)
(Spirovski, )
40
(abstract dimension)
(Henckaerts & Stefaan, 1998)
.
41
..
.. (Patrono, )
(Howard, )
(Howard, )
(Wormuth, )
42
1 =
(constitutional review)
43
44
2 = (priori review)
3 = (posteriori review)
1 =
Y5 =
(constitutional protection)
Y6 =
(legal remedy)
Y7 =
(private interest)
Y8 =
(public interest)
1 = 12 2 + 11 1 + 12 2 + 13 3 + 1 .....()
2 = 21 1 + 21 1 + 23 3 + 2 ......()
X1 =11 1 + 1 ......................()
X2 =21 1 + 2 ................()
X3 =32 2 + 3 ................()
X4 =42 2 + 4 .................()
X5 =52 2 + 5 ..........()
45
X6 =62 2 + 6
X7 =73 3 + 7
X8 =83 3 + 8
.......()
.......()
....()
1 =11 1 + 1
2 =21 1 + 2
3 =31 1 + 3
4 =41 1 + 4
5 =52 2 + 5
6 =62 2 + 6
7 =72 2 + 7
8 =82 2 + 8
.......()
..()
....()
..()
..()
..()
..()
..()
46
(Patrono, )
..
47
48
Max-Planck Projektgruppe Recht der Germeinschaftsguter.
Engel, C. (2001b). The constitutional court - applying the
proportionality principle-subsidiary authority for the
assessment of political outcomes. Bornn: Max-Planck
Projektgruppe Recht der Germeinschaftsguter.
Epstein, L. (2005). The Comparative advantage. Washington DC:
Edward Mallinckrodt of Washington University, .
Epstein, L., Knight, J., & Shvetsova, O. (2001). The role of
constitutional court in the establishment and
maintenance of democracy systems of government.
Law and Society Review. 35(1), 117-167.
Favoreau, L. (1990). Constitutional review in Europe. Henkin, L.
& Roenthal, J. A (eds.). New York: Colombia University
Press.
Ferejohn, J. E. (2005). Constitutional review in the global context.
NY: The Hoover Institution: Stanford University.
Guastini, R. (2005). Implementing the rule of law. Retrieved June
22, 2005, from http://www. giuri.unige.it/intro/depist/digita/
felo/test/anlis-000/5.guastini.rtf
Guerra, L. L. (2002). The function of constitutional courts.
Washington, D.C.: Association of American Law Schools.
50
51
Foundation for Economic Education.
Rios-Figoueroa, J. (2005). The constitutional adjudication mosaic
of Latin America. New York: New York University Press.
Rogoswski, R. & Gawron, T. (2002). Constitutional courts in
comparison: The U.S. Supreme court and the German
federal constitutional court. New York: Berghaln Books.
Rosenfeld, M. (2002). Constitutional review. Washington DC:
Association of American Law Schools.
Schewartz, H. (1992a). A brief history of judicial review. In Andreas,
S., Larry, D., & Marc, P. (Eds.). Lynne Rienner: Boulder, Co.
Schewartz, H. (1992b). The new Eastern European constitutional
court. Michigan Journal of International Law. 13, 761-763.
Shapiro, M. & Stone, A. (1994). The new constitutional politics of
Europe comparative studies. Constitutional Review. 3(1).
397 - 420.
Sheive, S. W. (1995). Central and Eastern European constitutional
courts and the antimajoritarian objection to judicial review.
Law and Policy International Business, 26(4), 1201-1233.
Skrmetti, J. (1999). Does a written constitution necessarily require
a constitutional court: Comparative politics? Retrieved
February 3, 2007, from http://users.ox.ac.uk/~Hert11 335/
courts.htm
54
55
56
(restorative justice)
57
58
59
.
60
,
61
( )
* , :
.
62
.
.
.
() / / .
63
.
.
(..), ,
, (: .. , ), .
, .
64
.
.
.
() / / .
65
(..)
....
.
. . .
.
(..), , ,
(: ,), - .
() / / .
66
.
()
()
.
,
, , (: , ), - .
(..), , .
(..), , (), ,
(: , ), .
67
() / / .
68
(..), (), .
( )
(...
//).
() / / - , () / / .
69
()
()
()
()
()
() -
()
()
()
() -
.
.
.
.
.
.
() / / - .
70
.
.
.
.
,
4...
() / / .
71
MBA
, ,
72
,.
(http://www.2bot.or.th/statistics)
..
,
,
(Source Country)
(Resident Country)
(International
Double Taxation)
73
(Exemption Method)
(Credit Method) (Deduction Method)
(Domestic Law)
(Double Taxation Agreement)
(Domestic Law)
74
.
75
. (Business Profit)
(Permanent Establishment)
(Independent Personal Services)
(Model Convention with Respect
to Taxes on Income and on Capital) OECD (Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development)
(Permanent Establishment)
(Fixed Base)
(Service)
OECD , Model Tax Convention on Income and On Capital (Condensed Version) 5th
edition , Paris : OECD Publications, 2010, p. 250.
76
.
. .
.
.
.
. (Independence
Personal Service Income)
( )
) (Fixed Base)
77
)
)
(Professional Services)
(Fixed Base)
(Permanent Establishment)
OECD
78
( )
( )
Philip Baker Q.C., Double Taxation Conventions, London : Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., 2007,
p. 14-2/1.
(
) ,
( ) , : , .
() , , .
79
(Fixed Base)
.
.
.
80
.
.
. (Dependent
Personal Services)
(
,
)
81
)
)
)
.
.
.
82
.
.
. , , ,
()
.
()
()
()
()
.
.
83
.
-
- )
( ) ( )
() , , .
84
(
./ )
(
./ )
.
.
85
.
.
. .
.
()
()
86
.
.
. (Capital Gains)
(Alienation of Property)
(Gains)
( )
()
() , , .
87
)
)
.
.
.
() , .
88
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
89
. (Royalty)
()
(
)
.
.
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
90
.
. (
)
( ) (
)
.
.
.
91
.
.
.
.
92
.
() .
()
. ()
()
()
()
93
()
.
.
( ) ..
( )
. ()
()
. , ,
94
..
.
()
( )
..
(
..
(Deduction Method)
95
( ) ..
( ) ..
.
A
A
.
(
) .. ( )
..
96
()
()
97
.)
()
(..)
()
()
(..)
.)
( )
98
,$ ,
,$ , ,$
()
(..)
.)
(Ordinary Credit Method)
()
(..)
.) (Deduction
Method)
.)
http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/
99
( ./
)
() ..
.)
.)
,
100
( )
..
. , . , . ,
101
102
.
(LAW IN BOOK) (LAW IN ACT)
.
(Subsumtion)
103
.
.
, : , . : ,
. .
, -.
104
.
(lato sensu)
(strict sensu)
(explanation)
, , , :
, . .
, .
105
(meaning) (significance)
(object)
.
, , -.
, , ,
,
, : , , .
106
(Juristic Method)
, .
107
, ,
, : , . .
108
() (Grammatical Interpretation)
() (Historical Interpretation)
() (Systematic
Interpretation)
, , -.
109
() (Teleological Interpretation)
110
ratio legis () ratio iuris (
)
(Historical Interpretation)
(ratio legis)
.
, , .
111
(stare decisis)
Statute
Precedent
112
induction
(reasoning by analogy)
ratio decidendi
Literal Interpretation
(absurd) (unjust)
(core meaning)
(penumbra meaning)
(ordinary meaning) (juridical meaning)
113
plain meaning rule
Sir Carleton Kemp Allen
)
)
, ,
, , : , , -.
114
()
115
.
.
, , : , . .
116
, , ,
, .
117
-
.. (
. /)
- .. (
. /)
- (..)
.. (
. /)
- .. (..)
.. (
. /)
-
.. ( . /)
-
.. (
. -/)
118
)
)
)
119
..
,
, ,
, , -.
, :
, , : , . .
120
, -.
121
()
..
(Source)
(Limitation)
. -.
, , .
122
, :
, , -.
123
.
(Constitutionalism)
..
, , .
124
..
..
125
..
126
..
, , :
, : , . -.
127
)
128
129
..
130
.
, , , : , . .
131
..
..
..
..
132
..
133
( )
(
) / (
./, ./)
-
( ./)
( - )
( - ) (
./)
( ./,
./)
( )
( )
(
. /, ./)
134
( K) ( ./)
(
./)
./
135
- / (
./,
./)
-
- ( ./)
- (
136
./)
-
( ./,
./)
.
..
(analogy)
(Gesetzesanalogie,
Einzelanalogie) (Rechtsanalogie,
Gesamtanalogie)
, , , .
137
. / ()
..
..
./
..
138
139
..
(argumentum a fortiori)
(argumentum a maiore ad minus)
(argumentum a minore ad maius)
./
..
(
)
, .
140
..
(argumentum e contrario, argumentum e silentio)
(analogy,
argumentum a simile)
..
(Teleologische Reduktion)
, .
141
...
()
..
(source of law)
, .
, .
142
./
, .
143
- (
./ /, /,
/
- .
/, /, /,
/
- (
/
-
/
- (
/)
- (
/, /, /)
,
144