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T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: ThS. TR\u1ea6N VI\u1ebeT TH\u1eaeNG
09/2007
THI\u1ebeT B\u1eca \u0110\u1ea6U
CU\u1ed0I VI\u1ec4N TH\u00d4NG

B\u1ed8 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C &\u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O
TR\u01af\u1edcNG\u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6
TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH
KHOA\u0110I\u1ec6N \u2013\u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eec
--- oOo ---

GI\u00c1O TR\u00ccNH
B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng
Th.S Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft Th\u1eafng, ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean; Ths. V\u00f5\u0110\u00ecnh T\u00f9ng
1
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I
M\u00c1Y THU THANH

M\u00e1y thu thanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f9ng\u0111\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn s\u00f3ng radio mang th\u00f4ng tin, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin ban\u0111\u1ea7u va khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i\u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0\u0111\u01b0a ra loa.

Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y thu thanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng\u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9
thu\u1eadt sau:

-\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y : l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c\u0111i\u1ec7n\u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Anten EA \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y thu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y thu c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y EA n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,5\u00b5V\u2192 10 \u00b5V. Ngo\u00e0i ra m\u00e1y thu c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00e9n t\u1ea1p \u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 S/N\u1edf m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec\u0111\u1ec3 thu

t\u1ed1t th\u00ec bi\u00ean\u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea1p \u00e2m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 l\u1ea7n ( t\u1ee9c 20 dB).

-\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc: l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thu v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p \u00e2m t\u00e1c\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o Anten.\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0

\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh.
- D\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y thu: l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y thu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u0111\u1ec3 thu
\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t thanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau k\u1ef9thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u00e1y thu thanh

th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i s\u00f3ng sau:
+ S\u00f3ng d\u00e0i: LW 150KHz\u2192408KHz
+ S\u00f3ng trung: MW: 525KHZ\u21921605KH

+ S\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn: SW: 4MHz\u219224MHz
B\u0103ng s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng

\u2022 SW1: 3,95MHz\u2192 7, 9 5 MHz
\u2022 SW2: 8MHz\u2192 16MHz
\u2022 SW3: 16MHz\u219224MHz

+ S\u00f3ng c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn: FM: 65,8\u219273MHz
v\u00e0
087,5\u2192 104 Mhz

- M\u00e9o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1: l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i\u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau do trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y thu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed L, C. M\u00e9o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng\u0111\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1.\u1ede c\u00e1c m\u00e1y thu\u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u00ean AM th\u00ec d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng

B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng
Th.S Tr\u1ea7n Vi\u1ebft Th\u1eafng, ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean; Ths. V\u00f5\u0110\u00ecnh T\u00f9ng
2
40Hz\u2192 6KHz; c\u00f2n v\u1edbi m\u00e1y thu\u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea7n FM th\u00ec d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb
30Hz\u219215KHz.
Ngo\u00e0i ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e9o phi tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0
c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ra c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y thu thanh.
I. PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I M\u00c1Y THU THANH V\u00c0 S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed4 KH\u1ed0I C\u1ee6A M\u00c1Y THU
THANH
C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia m\u00e1y thu thanh th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i:
- M\u00e1y thu thanh khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eb3ng : t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cao t\u1ea7n t\u1eeb Anten\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i
th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0\u0111\u01b0a\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch t\u00e1ch s\u00f3ng, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m t\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ch
\u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng
thu s\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng cao,\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng\u1ed5n\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu kh\u00f4ng
\u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u1ea3b\u0103ng s\u00f3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n nay lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y thu n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0kh\u00f4ng
c\u00f2n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.

- M\u00e1y thu\u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n : t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cao t\u1ea7n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf do Anten thu\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn\u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung gian kh\u00f4ng\u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung t\u1ea7n. Trung t\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cao t\u1ea7n. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trung t\u1ea7n sau khi\u0111i qua v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i trung t\u1ea7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u0111\u01b0a\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch t\u00e1ch s\u00f3ng, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m t\u1ea7n v\u00e0\u0111\u01b0a ra loa. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y thu\u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 sau:

M\u00e1y thu\u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u01b0u\u0111i\u1ec3m sau:
-\u0110\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch\u0111\u1ea1i\u0111\u1ed3ng\u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 b\u0103ng s\u00f3ng v\u00ec t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung t\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u0111\u1ed1i
th\u1ea5p v\u00e0\u1ed5n\u0111\u1ecbnh khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o thay\u0111\u1ed5i.
M\u1ea1ch
v\u00e0o
M\u1ea1ch
K\u0110CT
K\u0110
trung
t\u1ea7n
K\u0110
\u00e2m t\u1ea7n
Mixer
Dao
\u0111\u1ed9ng
n\u1ed9i
H\u00ecnh1.1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ed1i m\u00e1y thu\u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n
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