( )

2007. 12. 12

1
1.1
, , ,
. ,
,
(, ,
, , , ) .
,

,
.
( ) .

.

2007 4

, (
, , , ) ,
,
( ) ,
,
.

1.2

, , ,
1

,
.
,
, .

1)
-
-
-
- ,
2)
-
-
3)
- ()
- ( )
4) ()
-
-
- ()
-

2007 4 13 ( )
, ,
, , ,
, , 9 ()
, , 12 ()
.

2.1

, 1,000m
23 .

< 1>

1
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

1,990m

1998
2
Zhoushan Xihoumen Bridge

1,650m
2008()
3
Great Belt East Bridge
1,642m

1997
4
Runyang Yangtze River Highway Bridge

1,490m

2005
5
Humber Bridge

1,410m

1981
6
Jiangyin yangtze River Bridge

1,385m

1999
7
Tsingma Bridge

1,377m

1997
8
Verrazano Narrows Bridge

1,298m

1964
9
Golden Gate Bridge

1,280m

1937
10
Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge

1,280m
2007()
11
Hoga Kusten Bridge
1,210m

1997
12
Mackinac Straits Bridge

1,158m

1957
13
Huangbu Zhujiang Bridge

1,108m
2007()
14
Minami Bisan-seto Bridge

1,100m

1988
15 Faith Sultan Mehmet(2nd Bosphorus)Bridge
1,090m

1988
16
Guizhou Balinghe Bridge

1,088m
2007()
17
Sutong Yangtze River Highway Bridge

1,088m
2008()
18
Stonecutters Bridge

1,018m
2008()
19
Bosphorus Bridge

1,074m

1973
20
George Washington Bridge
1,066.8m
1931
21
3rd Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge

1,030m

1999
22
2nd Kurushima Kaikyo Bridge

1,020m

1999
23
Forth Road Bridge

1,006m

1964

, 23
2 ,
.
1,000m 4 ,
.
2007 4 , 2008 1,000m
6 .

2.2
,
.
.

< 2>

4.42km

300m

35m

7.31km

470m

62m

8.20km

3,240m

3.06km

500m

53m

1.70km

400m

64m

12.3km

800m

70.4m

3.62km

1,530m

85m

3.33km

540m

60m

1.12km

560m

60m

(2)

, .

< 3>

(1)

(2)

3
()

()

(())

(95.11~00.11)

()

(93.11~01.1)
,

(GK())

(04.12~10.12)
,

()

(04.11~09.10)
,

(())

(04.4~08.6)
,

(())

(05.2~09.12)
(06.1)

()

(,

(())

07.1.31 )

9 -

(07.2~11.8)

(())

( )

(())

( )

()

( )

( )
(07.10~12.6)
(04.12),

3

3.1
, ,
,
.

, .
3 .

3.2
4 .
- Instructor System :
3D .
- 3D Visual System :
- Bridge System

: Console/ Panel/Mock Up

- Debriefing System : Briefing Debriefing

3.3

, FMSS(Full Mission Ship handling Simulator) IMO()
. FMSS
4 .
.

< 4>

(KORDI)

Norcontrol IT

KORDI

STN Atlas

270 30

250 30

225 36

225 20

Norcontrol IT

< 5>

()

Fast-time

Real-time

Remark
.

.
< 6>

1.
2. ,
()

1.
2.

()

1.
2.

1.

2.

1.

2.
3.

1.

1.
2.

Debriefing

Track Plot
1.

2.

1.
2.
3.

Remark

3.4
, ,
.
< 7>

(1)

4.43km

300m

200m

35m

7.31km

470m

300m

63m

8.20km

3,240m

3.06km

500m

1.70km

(3)

12.3km

3.62km

3.33km

()

1DWT

5DWT

12TEU

(2005.3)

300m

53m

5.5DWT

3DWT

400m
350m
64m
(6DWT
)
7DWT
800m
620m 70.4m (5TEU)

14DWT
75m
(12000
1,400m
(
1,520m
TEU)
()
85m)

14DWT
(12000
425m
60m
540m
TEU)
()

(2004.2)
(2003.8)
(2003.7)
(2003.8)
(2004.3)

(2004.10)

(2005. 10, 13 2)
(2006.10)

(1998.2, 2004.8)

3.5

(1)
, , ,
,
, , .
.

(2)
,
, , , ,
.
. , ,
.
.

(3)
, ,
.

.

3.6

(1)
, ,

.

(2)
L , 1.5L
, 1.5L
3.04L, 3.53L, 1.53L .

(3)
,
, .

< 8>

(1)

(2)

500m

300m

53m

55,000 DWT

400m

250m

64m

30,000DWT

(1)/(2) (1)/(3) (2)/(3)

(3)
218

1.67L

2.29L 1.37L

234

1.60L

1.71L 1.07L

304

1.29L

2.63L 2.04L

398

1.08L

3.82L 3.52L

385

1.27L

1.40L 1.10L

262

1.40L

2.14L 1.53L

60,000DWT
30,000 DWT

(2)

7DWT(5TEU)
800m

620m

70.4m

80,000 G/T
6,000TEU

1,520m

540m

1,400m
()
425m
()

75m
(
85m)

14DWT
(12,000TEU)
6,000TEU, 8,000TEU,

60m

10,000TEU, 12,000TEU

RORO ,

560m

400m

60m

50,000 DWT ,
40,000 DWT

1
0

< 9>

3,240m

500m

400m

800m

1,520m

540m

560m

300m

250m

620m

1,400m
()
425m
()
400m

()
3

70.4m

75m
(

85m)

53m

64m

60m

60m

()

( )

()

(4)

,
,
.
.


, .
,

.

.
.

1
1

,
. 2009 2
, ()
.
,
.

4.1
, 1960
0.5/, 1970 2.5/, 1980 6.9/
. , 1990 9.7
.
1960 1995 ( US$ 100,000
, ) 52 , 64%
(Human Error), 21% (Engine)(Rudder) ,
15% .
, 1960 1995 22
, 22, 1, 7 .
, 26 (, ),
7 (, ), 15 , 1, 2.
50% ,
. 16 ,
21 .
( ) 75% 12
. , ,
( )
.

1
2

14 , 6 .

4.2
(1)
, 5,000
,
.
,
.

1) Bay Bridge
2007 11 7, COSCO BUSAN(

247m,

5500TEU), Bay Bridge 2 3m 50m

, 22 .
, Bay Pilot ,
.
2) Vincent Thomas Bridge
2006 8 29, Los Angeles Vincent Thomas Bridge
crane , crane
.
3) Great Belt Bridge
2005 4 3, Great Belt Bridge .
VTS .

(2)
1991 2000
, 3 33.3%
, .
89% .

1
3

(3)

. 1996 2005 10
, 2 ,
. 2006
, ()
2006 4, 2007 11 1 .

4.3
(, , ), ( , ), (,
, ) , , , ,
2 .
(1)
Tasman Bridge Sunshine Skyway Bridge ,

. Chesapeak Bay Bridge() Pontchartrain Bridge()
.
Tjrn Bridge, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Newport Bridge
, ,
.
(2)

. ,
. 2
, ,
.
(3)
9 3, 2,
1 .

1
4

, ,
2 , ,
, , ,
.

5.1
(1)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
(2)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
.
. ( )
6)
(3)
1)
1
5

.
.
.
.
2)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

5.2
(1)
.
, 10
.
.

. ()
, .
,
, .

(2)
,
.
,

.

1
6

(3)
,
.
,
.

(4)
,
,
.

5.3
(1)
( 70,000 DWT)


2007 11 1 : 93,000 US$
2007 11 : 1 US$ = 930
: 93,000 930 24 = 3,603,750
( , )
1 C : 4
2007 11 C : 550 US$
: 4 550 930 24 = 85,250
( )
1 : 3,719,000
: 16
: 3,719,000 16 30 24 = 82,644

3,603,750 + 85,250 + 82,644 = 3,771,644

1
7

(2)
90m
.

.
,

.
, ,
/
.

< 10>

( Block
)

- ,
(70 ) -

5%
( )

- ,

-
- (1 2)

10%
( )

-
-

-
-

70 10% 7
. ,
.

. 30
.

1
8

. , , , VTS 4
, 63 , VTS
133, 46 , .

6.1
90%
, .
71.4%
, 47.6% , 31.7% ,
.
, , .
39.7% 3L
, 2L 28.6% . 4L
, 1000m .
52.4% 5L , 7~8L
. (
) 3~5B , 2L
. 2.5L
2L 42.9% 31.7% .

74.6% 10 , 5
15.9% ,
.

.
VTS ,
.
1
9

,
39.7% .
(:)
2 ,
.

. :

.

6.2 VTS
70%
, .
37%
, .
VTS 95% .
Radar coverage
92% , 7%
, 99% .
Microwave , 98%
.
, , 98% .

37.9% , 33.7%,
13.3%, 9.5% .
34.5%
VTS , 26.9%,
25% , 8.3% .

2
0

6.3
97% ,
39% ,
.
55.8%
, 15%
. 10% .
33%
, 29.2%, 15.7%,
11.2%, 9% .
34.8% 3L
, 2L 32.6% , 84% 2L .
37%
5L , 7~8L .
( ) 3B~5B , 8.7%
2B .

63% 10 , 5
13% ,
. 10
.

.
VTS ,
.

6.4
95%, 93.5%
,
.

2
1

7
7.1
7.
1.
1
(1)
() , , , , , , ,
(bridge) ,
.
, 2
, .
, , , , ,
.

7.
1.
2
(1)
.
.
39 ,
, 3 252(
)
.
.
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.
.

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2
2

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.

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3

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.
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.

(3)
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.
,
.
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.
2 3 2 6
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.

2
4

7.2
(1) ()
.
[]

[ ]

[]

()

()

( )

, ,

()

* 5

()

( )

()

()

< 1>

->
500

()

: KDI,,

No
Yes

->
()

->
(2 )

5~2 :

2 :

< 2> () ( )

2
5

->

->

( 15 )

(60 )

-> ,

No
Yes

->

( )

()

()
:

< 3>

2
6

(2) ()
.

()

( )

()

/
-
-
-
-

( )

,
(, )

< 4>

2
7

()

( )
(, )

( )

-
-
-
-

(, ,

(, ,

, )

()

()

( )

,
(, )

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2
8

(3)

< 11>

(, (,
, )

, , , ,
)

-.

-.

-.
-.

2
9

,
.
.

8.1
8.
1.
1
( 218), ( 15),
( 110), ( 81) . 2007
.

< 12>

1997

2007

)
( 2m )

2m

8.
1.
2
1)

3
0

. ,
() ,

,
. .
3
.



2)
.
1)( )
.
( ) , , ,
. .
( ) ,
. .
,

.
.
,

( )
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( Clearance) , , ,
. .
1) () . ()
3
1

3)
()
.
,
,
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4)
( ) . ,
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) () ,
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8.
1.
3
( ) .
,

.
.


, .
.
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4)

3
2

, .

1)
, . ,
, , .
2)
. ,

. .
. ,
.
3)
. .
,
.
4)
2-4 .

8.2
8.
2
.
1
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899()
General Bridge Act of 1946(), (General Bridge Act of 1946, Rivers and Harbors
Act of 1899, Act of March 23, 1906) (public right of navigation)
, (interstate) ,
(location) (plans) (DOT)
. .

(Secretary of Transportation) USCG

(DOT Order 1100.1 : March 31, 1967), USCG

3
3

, (exclusive control) USCG

.

8.
2
.
2
(General Bridge Act of 1946) ,
. , (CFR 23, CFR 33 and US Code) USCG

2 .
1. Federal funded or Federal aided bridge
2. Owner bridge
1)
23 CFR 650 (USCG FHWA
MOU) , USCG (FHWA)
.
USCG (tidal) 21 , ,
, (interstate)
, .
(HA) USCG , 23 CFR 7712)
USCG ,
(HA) (movable bridge) ,
(clearance),
.
.
(Pier protection and
warning system) .
USCG , USCG
.
30 USCG .

2) 23 CFR 771: Highways - Environmental Impact and related Procedures. (DOT)

(FHWA) (UMTA-Urban Mass Transportation Administration)
(National Environmental Policy) (Regulation on the
Council on Environmental Quality ) .
3
4

2) Owner Bridge
33 CFR 114~118 , (114),
(115), (117) (118) , Part 115
. Bridge Owner
(, , , ) .

Part 115
. ,
3 , 2 .
, 115.50 (Application for bridge permits) ,
USCG
, (forms), (plans) ( ) .
115.60 .

.
,
.
(Public hearing) ,
,
, ,
. USCG ,
, , .
~ ,
, .

, USCG (Bridge Administration, BA)

3), USCG BA ,
USCG , ,
.

3) Bridge Permit Application Guide "Bridge Permit - Handbook"

3
5

8.3 AASHTO
AASHTO , , 50
(), DC Puerto Rico ,
, , 5 .

"Guide Specification and Commentary for Vessel

Collision Design of Highway Bridges" section 8 .
1) () design 2-3 ().
2) () 2 .
3) 2-3 .

. AASHTO AASHTO Method II4)
,
,
.

AASHTO 3
, ,
.
,
,
.

AASHTO ,
,
.

4) AASHTO Guide Specification and Commentary for Vessel Collision Design of Highway
Bridge(1991) AASHTO LRFD(1994)
3
6

9 (
)

9.1
9.
1
.
1
(1)
1)
10
2)

3) (, ,
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.
(2)
1)
5
2)

3) (, ,
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.
(3)
( )
(4) (
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3
7

9.
1
.
2
(1)
1)
14m/s

2)

3)
,

10%
4)
5 ,
5)

(2)
1)
() , ()

2)

(3)

,
(4)

(5)

3
8

(6) ()
Own Ship Target Ship
2 Own Ship

9.1.3
(1)
1)
, 3
2)
, 3
3)
1
4)
1
(2)
1)
.
30%
.
40%
.
50%
2)

2
1 ,

3
9

(3)

5

9.1.4
(1)
()

(2)

(3) ()
7

3

+1

+2

+3

(4)
-4
() 10 ,

40% ( 60% ) () -2.0

. , 3
.
(5)
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4
0

9.2 ()
9.
2.
1 (
)
(1)

(navigable water)
(safety navigation) .

,
.

(2)

.
2 .

.
.

.
. +
.
(Approximately Highest High
Water Level) .
.
(L) (Length Over All) .
(B) .

4
1

(3)
.

1)
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2)
-

1)
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2)
-

- ( )

(4)

(, )
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4
2

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1)

.
, 8.0L
.
(,
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2.5L
.


.

2
.

.

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.
3.0B
,
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4
3

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.
3.0L
.

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4)

,
(Clearance) .
.
-
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4
4

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7

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8

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