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Honors Project 1Running Head: Honors ProjectFoundations Honors Project Spring 2007Jennifer I HendrixPittsburg State University NURS300 Foundations of Nursing PracticeInstructor: Dr. C Giefer 
 
Honors Project 2Abstract Nursing is an evidenced-based profession focused on the community welfare on anindividual bases. The foundations of nursing practice list it as both an art and a sciencewith the primary goal the promotion of quality of life throughout the life cycle as itrelates to the individual.Providing information to the growing needs and the changes made to nursing are themany books and journals made available to the interested. The contents of this paper areliterature review regarding topics covered as they relate to foundations of the nursing practice. Included in this review are historical perspectives, professional standards,critical thinking, caring through the life span, clients with special needs, and the scientificand psychosocial bases of nursing. Twenty-four articles were used for this research withat least three articles in each of the seven categories.The context of the articles in some instances overlap into other categories. This is ageneral representation of nursing and how the holistic training experience encompassesall aspects of care in an overlapping format.
 
Honors Project 3Foundations Honors Project Spring 2007
Historical Perspectives
 Nursing is alive in the present because of the past people and adjustments necessary tokeep it in the times. A look at the metamorphosis though out the history of this professiongives great insight to how and why the evolvement developed. This evolution stillincorporates much of nursing past. Mannino (n.d.) offers insight into the study of nursing past. He implies, however, that the study of the past should begin with the presenthappenings of nursing so there will be an appreciation of the influence of the past events.Technological advancements have significant impact in the development of nursing.Sandelowskli (2000) reminds of the entrance of the mercury thermometer that broughtscience to the beside in the late 19
th
century. “Yet the time required to take and record thetemperatures of many patients, and the maintenance of this delicate instrument, impeded physicians’ use of it. Accordingly, much of thermometry work, featured in the firstAmerican nursing texts in the 1870’s, was soon delegated to nurses. Nurses becameclosely linked with thermometry, obtaining accurate temperatures, maintain accuraterecords, and ensuring the cleanliness of the thermometers. Nurses were even encouragedto think of themselves as thermometers, alert to any changes in the ward atmosphere.”
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