Theory of Instructional Management *Jacob Kounin*

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The Kounin Model of Discipline

Definition: According to Andrius (n.d.), Good classroom behaviour depends on effective lesson management, especially on pacing, transitions, alerting, and individual accountability.

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Definition

According to Reid (2009), Kounins theory on classroom management was the first to integrate instructional and disciplinary aspects of the classroom. The basis of the model is for teachers to be organized, prepared, and use proactive behavioral management combined with high student involvement with the goal 1/30/13 of leading to a more effective

Kounin's Key Ideas

When teachers correct misbehaviours in one student, it often influences the behaviour of nearby students. This is known as the ripple effect. Teachers should know what is going on in all parts of the classroom at all times. Kounin called this awareness, 'withitness'.
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The

ability

to

provide

smooth

The Ripple Effect

The ripple effect may occur as the teacher gives encouragement. Ex: "Good, I see that many of you are almost finished" Or as the teacher gives reprimands. Ex: "I see a few people who may have to stay in after class to finish
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The ripple effect is most powerful at

Withitness

Describe teachers' knowing what was going on in all areas of the classroom at all times. This trait is communicated more effectively by teachers' behaviours than by their words, and further, that it is effective only if students are convinced that the teacher really knows what is going on. Kounin found that if students

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Overlapping

The ability to attend to two issues at the same time. EX: A teacher is meeting with a small group and notices that two students at their seats are playing cards instead of doing their assignment. The teacher could correct this either by:

1. Stopping the small group activity, 1/30/13 walking over to the card players and

Movement Management

Important relationship between student behaviour and movement within and between lessons. It means physical movement of students or teachers, such as pacing, momentum, and transitions. Teachers' ability to move smoothly from one activity to the next, and to maintain momentum within an 1/30/13

Group Focus

According to Wikibooks (2011), The teacher can implement this strategy with several techniques:

A. Encourage Accountability: Make students aware that they will be graded for their participation and contributions to the group. B. The teacher can have a canister of popsicle sticks that have each students name on them. The teacher 1/30/13

Teacher must learn to:

Know what is happening in every area of the classroom at all times and communicate that fact to students. Be able to deal with more than one issue at a time. Correct the appropriate target before misbehaviour escalates. Ensure smooth transitions from one activity to another. 1/30/13

Application of the Model

Donna, in Mr. Jake's class, is quite docile. She never disrupts class and does little socializing with other students. But despite Mr. Jake's best efforts, Donna rarely completes an assignment. She doesn't seem to care. She is simply there putting forth virtually no effort.
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How???
1.

Use the ripple effect. "I see many people have already completed half their work." Look at Donna, later comment, "I'm afraid a few people will have to stay late to complete their work". Let Donna know you are aware she is not working. Say to her, "I see you have barely started. This work must be done today!" Call on Donna in discussions

2.

3.

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References
Andrius, J.(n.d.). The Kounin Model of Discipline. Teacher Matters. Retrieved at Jan, 28, 2013, from the website
Reid, K. (2009). Kounin Model of Classroom Management, Lesson Movement. Retrieved at Jan 28, 2013, from the website https://www.google.com.my/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC8QFj AA&url=http%3A%2F %2Fholyfamilyeduc506.wikispaces.com%2Ffile%2Fview %2FKelly%2BReid%2BKounin%2BModel%2Bof %2BClassroom %2BBehavior.doc&ei=RcMFUYOBJIr5rQfowIGoDQ&usg=A FQjCNEB10QfzVvCRwUBEcucqQ2AFFpBaQ&sig2=pFL4R ElSojvOO6Wc5_MPiw&bvm=bv.41524429,d.bmk&cad=rja

http://www.teachermatters.com/classroom-discipline/models-of-d

_______(2011). Classroom Management Theorists and 1/30/13 Theories/ Jacob Kounin. Wikibooks. Retrieved at Jan,