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C
HAPTER
1
1. The vectorsˆˆˆ
+ +
xyz
andˆˆˆ
− − +
xyz
are in the directions of two body diagonals of acube. If 
θ
is the angle between them, their scalar product gives cos
θ
= –1/3, whence.
1
cos1/3901928'10928'
−
θ = = °+ ° = °
 2. The plane (100) is normal to the x axis. It intercepts thea'axis at and thec'axisat ; therefore the indices referred to the primitive axes are (101). Similarly, the plane(001) will have indices (011) when referred to primitive axes.2a'2c' 3. The central dot of the four is at distancecos60actn60cos303
a a
°= ° =°
 from each of the other three dots, as projected onto the basal plane. If the (unprojected) dots are at the center of spheres in contact, then
222
aca,23
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞= +⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
 or
22
21c8ac;1.633.34a3
= =
 1-1
 
C
HAPTER
2
 1. The crystal plane with Miller indices
hk 
is a plane defined by the points
a
1
 /h,
a
2
 /k, and . (a)Two vectors that lie in the plane may be taken as
a
3
 / 
a
1
 /h –
a
2
 /k and
13
 /h/ 
−
a a
. But each of these vectorsgives zero as its scalar product with
12
hk 
3
= + +
G a a a
, so that
G
must be perpendicular to the plane. (b) If is the unit normal to the plane, the interplanar spacing is
hk 
ˆ
n
1
ˆ /h
⋅
n a
. But ,whence . (c) For a simple cubic lattice
ˆ /||
=
n G G
1
d(hk) G/h||2/|G|
= ⋅ = π
a G
ˆˆˆ(2/a)(hk)
= π + +
G x y z
,whence
2222222
1Ghk .d4a
+ += =π
 
123
113aa022112.(a)Cellvolume3aa02200
⋅ × = −
a a a
c
 
2
13ac.2
=
 
231212323
ˆˆ411(b)23aa0||223ac0021ˆˆ(),andsimilarlyfor,.a3
× π= π = −⋅ ×π= +
x
ˆc
y za aba a ax y b b
 (c) Six vectors in the reciprocal lattice are shown as solid lines. The brokenlines are the perpendicular bisectors at the midpoints. The inscribed hexagonforms the first Brillouin Zone.3. By definition of the primitive reciprocal lattice vectors
3323311212331233C
(aa)(aa)(aa))(2)/|(aaa)||(aaa)| /V.
BZ
V(2(2)
× ⋅ × × ×= π ⋅ ×⋅ ×= π= π
 For the vector identity, see G. A. Korn and T. M. Korn, Mathematical handbook for scientists andengineers, McGraw-Hill, 1961, p. 147.4. (a) This follows by forming2-1
 
 
2212212
1exp[iM(ak)]1exp[iM(ak)]|F|1exp[i(ak)]1exp[i(ak)]sinM(ak)1cosM(ak).1cos(ak)sin(ak)
− − ⋅∆ − ⋅∆= ⋅− − ⋅∆ − ⋅∆⋅∆− ⋅∆= =− ⋅∆⋅∆
 (b) The first zero in
1sinM2
ε
occurs for
ε
= 2
π
 /M. That this is the correct consideration follows from
1
zero,as Mh isan integer
11sin M(h)sinMh cos Mcos Mh sin M.22
±
π + ε = π ε+ π ε
12
 5.
 j1j2j3
2i(xv+yv+zv)123
S (vvv)f e j
− π
= Σ
 Referred to an fcc lattice, the basis of diamond is
111000;.444
Thus in the product
123
S(vvv)S(fcc lattice) S (basis)
= ×
,we take the lattice structure factor from (48), and for the basis
123
1i (vvv).2
S (basis)1e
− π + +
= +
 Now S(fcc) = 0 only if all indices are even or all indices are odd. If all indices are even the structure factorof the basis vanishes unless v
1
+ v
2
+ v
3
= 4n, where n is an integer. For example, for the reflection (222)we have S(basis) = 1 + e
–i3
π
= 0, and this reflection is forbidden.
321G003300323220002220
6.f4r(a Gr) sin Gr exp (2ra) dr(4Ga)dx x sin x exp (2xGa)(4Ga)(4Ga)(1rGa)16(4Ga).
∞−
= π π −= −= ++
∫ ∫ 
0
 The integral is not difficult; it is given as Dwight 860.81. Observe that f = 1 for G = 0 and f 
∝
1/G
4
for
0
Ga1.
>>
 7. (a) The basis has one atom A at the origin and one atom
1B at a.2
The single Laue equationdefines a set of parallel planes in Fourier space. Intersections with a sphere area set of circles, so that the diffracted beams lie on a set of cones. (b) S(n) = f 
2(integer)
⋅∆ π×
a k =
A
+ f 
B
e
–i
π
n
. For n odd, S = f 
A
–
2-2
of 00

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