ability to interpret behavior and events as a markof integrity or a violation of trust. It is thisuniversal tendency that makes the study ofintegrity complex, challenging, and important.Policing in a democracy requires high levels ofintegrity if it is to be acceptable to the people.Historically, in the United States, there have beenmany times when public trust in the integrity ofthe police has been questioned. Events in the 1990seroded public trust in the integrity of the police;this situation has resulted in a closer scrutiny ofthe profession and its responses to this criticalissue. This concern, as expressed by citizens andlaw enforcement professionals, motivated the Officeof Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) andthe National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to assemblea group of law enforcement personnel and otherprofessionals in a national symposium to examinethe issue of integrity.In July 1996 the National Symposium on PoliceIntegrity took place in Washington, D.C. The 200participants included police chiefs, sheriffs,police researchers, police officers, members ofother professional disciplines, community leaders,and members of other Federal agencies. Thisparticipant mix was particularly noteworthy becauseit reflected diverse views of individuals whotypically had not been at the same table in thepast. That the issue of police integrity attractsinternational concern was evidenced by attendanceat the symposium of representatives from the UnitedKingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, Belarus,Nicaragua, Haiti, El Salvador, and Honduras.During the 2 1/2 day meeting, participants andspeakers agreed that understanding how to establishand maintain integrity was a common concern for lawenforcement. Further, in his synthesis remarks,Mark Moore of the Kennedy School of Government,Harvard University, observed that the pursuit ofintegrity within one's profession is paramount toan individual's self-respect and true worksatisfaction. There was also a clear understandingof the tragic consequences that would befall theprofession, indeed our very democracy, if there wasa serious erosion of integrity.What followed was an intense brainstorming sessionthat allowed participants the opportunity to hearfrom one another and begin the dialogue towardfinding more effective solutions. The generalconsensus following the symposium was that thediscussion of police integrity has been broadenedfrom a narrow focus on police officers' behaviorand internal investigations of corruption to anunderstanding of the importance of other factors.
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