BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE PRAYER The syntax is the part of grammar that studies the way it combines and ordered the words to form sentences; analyzes the roles that it plays as well as phenomena that can match one another. The minimum unit of study is the syntax of the sentence. PRAYER: is the drive within the speech, which expresses a sense this complete and consists of subject and predicate. The prayers that are made up of subject and predicate are called bimembres. The sentence also called the sentence. There are expressions that are tantamount to a sentence, but in which it is not possible to distinguish the subject and predicate, is the market of interjections, greetings, the prayers and dismissed Formed by verbs weather. In this type of sentences are called unimembres because it constitutes an indivisible unity. Example: My Mother!, Hello! , Bye! - Anocheció soon! SENTENCE: expressions that are not always come to be a prayer because they lack the presence of the verb, hence they do not possess complete sense. Example: One morning in September. The green bicycle from my father. Just in case. Prayer can be simple or compound. The first are those with a single word, either simple or periphrastic. Example: He wants an impartial jury. -The tide was very high. I will travel to Singapore. The prayers are what have made up two or more verbs, simple or periphrastic, that is, is formed by two or more sentences. Example: When we hear noises, we were cut off breathing. THE SUBJECT: is the word or phrase that refers to an idea, a concept, a person, an animal or a thing, of whom it says something, who is spoken in prayer. The subject usually performs the action of the verb. Can be identified with the questions who or what makes the action? Or what or who is speaking? Example: The silhouette of the girl was reflected in the mirror. The wind and rain beating the windows. SUBJECT SUBJECT Another way of recognizing that the subject is always consistent in number (singular or plural) with the verb. The subject can be found at the beginning, middle or end of the sentence and may consist of a noun or a pronoun, with or without switches (nominal phrase), a prayer, or be an unspoken subject. Examples You respond to calls. (Pronoun). Whoever arrives first will face this difficulty. (Prayer). We forget the grill in the woods. (Subject: us-as). NUCLEUS OF AMENDMENTS AND SUBJECT Any explicit subject that is Syntagma NOMINAL has a core that is the most important word (noun) and works as a nucleus, it can be accompanied by additions or switches (articles, goals, prepositional phrases that always agree on gender and number) and together form a block. It is possible to distinguish the nucleus in phrases because this is essential and the words that accompany it can be omitted. Example: The nest of pigeons. Herself. The barren land. A toehold. You and I suffer the consequences of the core subject may be accompanied by direct and indirect modifiers. a. - Modifiers Direct attached to the name to add to its meaning or to be specified; must be consistent with it in gender and number. This role played by the article and adjective. Example: The mirror reflects the image. A mild tremor it away. b. - indirect Modifiers: These are Provost or prepositional phrases that alter the heart of the subject. Are introduced by a preposition and a nominal phrase that serves as a complement to the preposition and called the term, the structure of the latter can be simple. Example: The house of my childhood no longer exists. Sweets of Mexico are exquisite. Another type of plug is the apposition, which is a word that is characterized by written between commas and is interchangeable with the core subject. Example: Jorge, my brother, practiced several sports.   The predicate: it is part of the sentence that expresses the action that makes the subject or the various states in which it can be found, that is, is all that is said to the subject. This formed by the verb and add-ons. Example: In the morning the news circulated about the kidnapping. Ford the river in the cypress trees grow. The speaker sermons verb may occur without supplements and constitute in itself a predicate. Example: Some unknown sang. Kitchen. The core of the predicate is always a verb, or simple periphrastic; is the word most important and consistent in number and person with the heart of the subject. Example: The family of my cousins did not attend the funeral. On Monday I'm going to prepare a Thai meal. The consistency of the core predicate with the subject's able to recognize it in the prayers, especially in those where the subject is not an agent of the verbal action. Examples: You sick misery. The king was overthrown by the people. In the previous temples, the subjects are poverty, the king, because of them spoke in sentences, although neither is the agent of the action. Predicate verbal and oral preached nominal Predicate: is one that has as its core with a verb meaning full, that is, by itself can preach or give information. Almost all the verbs are of this type. Example: Burn, boil, work, write, pay, watching, thinking, hide, water, fix, Etc. Nominal predicate: it is one that is built with verbs copulate, which are characterized by not having a full meaning, is accompanied by a goal, a noun or a prayer, these items are those that provide information in the predicate. In these sentences, the verb only serves to link the subject with the predicate, hence it receives the name of copulating. The most common verbs are copulative BE AND BE. Example: He's the doctor. Some details are chaotic. His face was sad. BENEFITS OF THE NUCLEUS OF preach the structure of the predicate is made up of the verb that functions as heart and additions to it. The additions of the verb are: Object or direct object, object or indirect object, circumstantial supplement, and complement predicative attribute or agent. OBJECT OR ADDITIONAL LIVE: refers to the person, animal or house that receives the direct action of the verb, is also known as a patient, as is the one that is affected or modified by the action of the verb. Displayed with transitive verbs. Example: Armida never read the newspaper. The direct object can be formed by: a. A-pronoun: me, you were, what, the, the, the, we, you, everything, anything. And so on. Example: I was robbed last night. b. A-rated phrase, consisting of a noun with or without switches ¨: Example That song transmitting joy. A shadow covers my eyes. The magician climbed the neck of the shirt. c. A-prepositional phrase introduced by the preposition a. This form is only used when the object referred to persons or beings or personified singled. I visited my cousin. Looking for students. d. A-Prayer: Example: He asked that everyone write a letter. Mark thought it was a lot of money. There are three procedures to recognize the direct object: a-The question ... What is it? Example: All of reported crime. What denounced? The crime. b-By replacing the direct object pronouns for it, the, the, the. Example A doctor attended to his patient. The doctor took care Example: These pronouns refer to the direct object, and therefore must be consistent with it in gender and number. When placed before the verb is called proclitic; when are postponed and are attached is called enclíticos. When the direct object is in front of the other elements sentence is repeated by a pronoun, never in other cases. Example: For my students I do not believe my theory (proclitic) The task of rebuilding the attends an architect. (Enclítico)   c-By changing the sentence to passive voice, in which the direct object becomes the subject. Example: Active Voice passive Luis garbage collected. The garbage was picked up by Luis Voice OBJECT OR INDIRECT COMPLEMENT: is a person, animal or thing that indirectly receives the action of the verb, is benefited or injured by the action. Always joins the verb by the preposition, and, on occasion, accept the preposition to. It is very common for a repeat of the indirect object pronoun in a sentence. Example: Armando gave them a surprise to its partners. The indirect object is made of: a. - a Provost combination: Example: Carmela requested copies to Rocío. b. - A pronoun: I, we, you, you were, you, you. Example: Rafael gave me the tickets. Write a note. Offered him a cup of chocolate. I dedicate this song. c. - A prayer: Example: He demanded silence those who were near. There are two ways to recognize the indirect object: a. - The question who or whom? The letter delivered to its owner. Who handed? B. A landlord - By replacing the pronoun him or them. They promised aid to farmers. He promised to help. This is only possible replacement for these pronouns when the indirect object is the third person. Sometimes there are two indirect additions in a sentence: Example: I bought some candy at Olivia for my children. My sister is a flan prepared for their guests. ADDITIONAL circumstantial: He manner, time, place and other circumstances in which it performs the action of the verb. Example: Victor lives nearby. The plug can be formed by: a. - An adverb, an adverbial phrase or an adverbial phrase. Example: The sun never revolve around the earth. Caught on the fly's response unlikely. b. - A prepositional phrase or Provost. Example: It behaves in a strange way. c. - A nominal term. Example: Sometimes the whales arrive. d. - A prayer. Example: Athletes use the park to do their morning exercises. The many circumstances in which it performs the action of the verb can be made of: a. - mode. It refers to the way it performs the action; answered the question how? Example: We will look carefully. b. - Time. They express the time at which the action takes vabo; answer the question when? Example: You arrive at the least expected moment. c. - Place. Indicate the site, area or place where the action responds to the question where? Example: Dora sat next to the stove. d. - Quantity. In general, only adverbs are used to indicate measure, since denote quantity. Answer the question how much?. Example: Ate a lot. e. - Instrument. Allude to the object with which the action takes place; answered the question with what? Example: hit the table with the glass. f. - Company. They note with whom or with whom the action is performed. Example: Elizabeth went to the port with her two dogs. g. - Topic. They are presented with verbs that refer to actions to read, speak, write, talk, think, express the matter, an argument or issue on handling such verbs; responding to a question on what? Example: Do not be tired of talking about eternity. h. - Cause. Expresses the reasons or grounds on which the action takes place; answer the question why? Example: There was a war out of fear. I. - Purpose. They express the objective or purpose to be realized with the implementation of the verbal action. Answered the question. For what? Example: Give alms to soothe his conscience. j. - Duda. Expresses uncertainty. Example: You may find a different meaning to those actions.   EXERCISES In the following sentences, indicate: the subject, the predicate, its cores and accessories. Examples: Weak Direct switch torches to the castle Core Switch Direct lit passageways into the night. Completion of circumstantial time _________________________________________ Predicate Complement Core Direct Subject ____________________________________ Him __________ Subject tacit or morphological erected a huge monument to the false hero in the central square Compl Core Supplement Supplement Supplement Direct Indirect ____________________________________________________________________________________________ instead of indirect circumstantial. Predicate 1 .- A cruel experience marked him from childhood. 2 .- I asked discretion. 3 .- The crack of wood was heard in the next room. 4 .- An old black hat crowned head of the doll. 5 .- At Eskimo gave him some gloves thin skin. SUPPORT MATERIALS PREPARED BY GLADYS Graduates DUARTE - ALBA DURAN AND WILLIAM A. VILLAMIZAR UNEF, JUNE 2007 www.ogm18d.tk