Solenoid Operated Variable Valve Timing for Internal Combustion Engines Girish Parvate-Patil A Thesis in The Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Applied Science at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada April, 2005 © Girish Parvate-Patil, 2005Library and Archives Canada Published Heritage Branch 395 Wellington Street ‘Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada NOTICE: The author has granted a non- exclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, communicate to the public by telecommunication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for commercial or non- commercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. Direction du Patrimoine de lédition Bibliotheque et Archives Canada 395, rue Wellington Ottewa ON K1A ONG Your fle Votre référence ISBN: 0-494-04425.X Ourfle Notre référence ISBN: 0-494-04425-X AVIS: L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliothéque et Archives Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public par télécommunication ou par linternet, préter, distribuer et vendre des théses partout dans le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou autres formats. Lauteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur et des droits moraux qui protage cette thése Ni la thése ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent étre imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation. In compliance with the Canadian Privacy Act some supporting forms may have been removed from this thesis While these forms may be included in the document page count, their removal does not represent any loss of content from the thesis. Canada Conformément a la loi canadienne sur la protection de la vie privée, quelques formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de cette these. Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant.ABSTRACT In internal combustion engines, particularly for spark ignition (SI) engines, valve events and their timings put forth a major influence on the engine overall efficiency and its exhaust emissions. Because the conventional SI engine has fixed timing and synchronization between the camshaft and crankshaft, a compromise results among engine efficiency, performance, and its maximum power. By using variable valve timing (VVT) technology it is possible to control the valve lift, phase, and valve timing at any point on the engine map, in order to enhance the engine overall performance, To get full benefits from VVT, various types of mechanisms have been proposed and designed, Some of these mechanisms are in production and they have shown significant benefits for improving the engine performance. During the last two decades, remarkable developments have been seen in Electromagnetic valve actuators (EMVA) to obtain VVT. Electromagnetic valve actuators, which incorporate solenoids, are increasingly becoming the actuator of choice in industry lately, due their ruggedness, low cost, and relative ease of control. Latest application of solenoid incorporating permanent magnet based EMVA’s are under going research and development. This application presents challenges that require the improvement of the static and dynamic characteristic of the EMVA. Some of the challenges include, but not limited to, are attaining quiet operation, reduced bounce, less energy consumption, trajectory shaping, and high actuation speeds, In this study, effects of variable valve timing strategies on gasoline and diesel engines are discussed and analyzed, Also the static characteristics of a solenoid incorporating a permanent magnet as its core are developed, and validated with exp ents. The permanent magnet core solenoid is novel in that a single electromagnet can provide bi-direction motion of the core motion. Its application to VVT can provide infinite position control and timing, force control such as to reduce impact forces, and latching capabilities, providing a novel actuator to the automotive industry. iii