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EPITHELIUM

Dr Nadine Gravett School of Anatomical Sciences Room 2B10B Tel: (011) 717 2212 Nadine.Gravett@wits.ac.za

OBJECTIVES

Classify, identify and describe the histological structure and function of:
Simple squamous, cuboidal and columnar epithelia with various surface modifications Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized and nonkeratinized) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with various surface modifications Transitional epithelium

Overview
Avascular tissue composed of closely apposed cells Where do we find epithelium?
Cover exterior body surfaces External and internal linings of organs
Mesothelium Endothelium

Glandular tissue Specialized epithelial cells function as sensory receptors


www.scq.ubc.ca/microbes-and-you-normal-flora/

OVERVIEW
Characteristics: Closely apposed Avascular Polarity
Apical, Lateral and Basal surfaces

Functions:
Creates a SELECTIVE BARRIER Protection Absorption Filtration Lubrication Excretion Secretion Sensory reception

Rest on basal lamina/basement membrane Regeneration Very little extracellular substance Derived from all 3 embryonic layers

CLASSIFICATION
Based on:
1. Number of cell layers
Simple 1 layer Stratified more than 1 layer

2. Shape of SURFACE cells


Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

If you cant make out a distinct cell shape look at the NUCLEUS!!!!

SQUAMOUS EPTIHELIUM
SIMPLE STRATIFIED

www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM


KERATINIZED NON-KERATINIZED

Epidermis

www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE STRATIFIED

Ross and Pawlina (2011). Histology: A text and Atlas, 6th edt

COLUMNAR EPTHELIUM
SIMPLE
STRATIFIED

www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

SPECIAL CLASSIFICATIONS

Pseudostratified Epithelium & Transitional Epithelium

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM

www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

CELL POLARITY
Specializations:
Microvilli Stereocilia Cilia

Specializations:
Occluding jnxs Anchoring jnxs Communicating jnxs Plicae (morphological)

Specializations:
BM Cell to ECM jnxs Membrane infoldings
http://www.zimbio.com/member/kasya30/articles/1m2sr2-ZOk-/animal+cell+diagram+labels

APICAL SURFACE SPECIALIZATIONS 1. Microvilli


Finger-like cytoplasmic projections Various shapes and sizes Number and shape correlates to cells absorptive capacity GIT Striated border Kidney Brush border Movement:
Passive

EM

Function:
Increases surface area for absorption
Jejunum LM

APICAL SURFACE SPECIALIZATIONS 2. Stereocilia


Unusually long, IMMOTILE, and branched Male Reproductive System Sensory hair cells in inner ear

Movement:
Passive

Function:
Absorption Mechanoreception
www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/

APICAL SURFACE SPECIALIZATIONS 3. Cilia


Long, Motile, Hair-like extensions Contains an AXONEME
Internal microtubule-based structure (9+2 MT configuration)

Insert into basal bodies Contain motor protein Dynein:


ATPase activity Interaction of MT and Dynein results in movement of cilia

Movement:
Active

Function:
Movement of fluid or suspended matter in one direction

INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS

Functions as:
1. Seals
Prevent flow of materials between cells E.g. Occluding junctions (a.k.a. Tight junctions)

2. 3.

Site of adhesion
E.g. Adhesive/Anchoring junctions

Channels for communication between cells


E.g. Gap junctions

csls-text.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/active/11_04.html

INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS 1. Occluding Junctions


www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-17/CB17.html

Ross and Pawlina (2011). Histology: A text and Atlas, 6th edt

INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS 2. Anchoring Junctions


ZONULA ADHERENS
MACULA ADHERENS
(a.k.a. Desmosomes)

Ross and Pawlina (2011). Histology: A text and Atlas, 6th edt

INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS 3. Communicating (Gap) Junctions

www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-17/CB17.html

CELL TO ECM JUNCTIONS Anchoring Junctions Basal Domain


FOCAL ADHESIONS HEMIDESMOSOMES

Ross and Pawlina (2011). Histology: A text and Atlas, 6th edt

BASAL LAMINAE AND BASEMENT MEMBRANES


Basal Lamina:
Consists of:
Electron-dense layer a.k.a. lamina densa Electron lucent layer/s a.k.a. lamina/e lucida

Macromolecular components:
Laminin, Type IV collagen, Entactin (GP) and Perlecan (PG) as well as several other GPs and PGs

Attaches to reticular lamina Functions:


Structural and Filtering Influence cell polarity Regulate cell proliferation and differentiation Influence cell metabolism and survival Signal transduction Pathway for cell migration

Basement Membrane = Basal Lamina + Reticular Lamina


Ross and Pawlina (2011). Histology: A text and Atlas, 6th edt

BASAL CELL MEMBRANE INFOLDINGS

Increase cell surface area of basal domain In the cells that participate in active transport (proximal and distal tubules of kidney) Ducts of salivary glands
Ross and Pawlina (2011). Histology: A text and Atlas, 6th edt

REFERENCES

Ross and Pawlina (2011). Histology: A text and Atlas, 6th edt Mesher, A.L. Junqueiras Basic Histology. Text and Atlas, 12th edt

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