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Jihad in Islamic History

 
 
 
 
 
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Preface
My intention in this short book is to offer an introduction to the
jihad and, more specifically, to the origins of the jihad within the
broader history of Islam. I have not provided a systematic overview
of the doctrine of jihad, which would have required a longer book
of an entirely different character. Nor have I given a comprehensive
summary of the history of Islam, or even of its early history,
as seen from the perspective of the jihad. Instead I have worked
with two goals in mind.
My first goal is to provide the reader with an introduction to
some of the most important debates, both premodern and modern,
over the jihad. I think of this reader as someone who may or
may not have basic knowledge of the political and religious history
of the Islamic world, but who wishes to find a way through this
particular terrain. I have tried to give this reader a sense of what
happened—the structure and the most important particulars of
historical events—without, however, simply rehashing the history
of Islam, which is available now in a number of good books in
English. I have tried to keep my analytic focus on the jihad, even
as I touched on other broad historical topics, and even as I outlined
some of the debates regarding methods and approaches that have
gone on among modern specialists in the study of Islamic society,
religion, and culture. In this way, I have sought to acquaint the
reader with the most important ways in which the jihad has been
identified and approached, both in the past and in the present. I
have tried to identify the most important and challenging problematics
regarding this theme which, as everyone now knows, has
far more than academic importance.

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02/15/2009

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1catalyst

1catalyst

Dragonzeee: If you have been instructed in Islam as your post reflects, then I can completely understand your protest. I think the evidence shows that your version of Islam is a fantasy. Evil because it orders its adherents to pray to God daily and be God-conscious? No, because it orders its followers to conquer the world, using everything from voice to violence to achieve this goal. Take for example these quotes from primary sources: Qur'an 9:5: "Fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war)....." Qur'an 5:33: "For those who do not submit to Allah their punishment is . . . execution or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet, from the opposite sides, or exile from the land". Tabari IX:69 “Arabs were the first to respond to the call of the Prophet. We are Allah’s helpers and the viziers of His Messenger. We fight people until they believe in Allah. He who believes in Allah and His Messenger has protected his life and possessions from us. As for one who disbelieves, we will fight him forever in the Cause of Allah. Killing him is a small matter to us.” Muslim:C20B1N4597 “The Prophet said at the conquest of Mecca: ‘There is no migration now, but only Jihad, fighting for the Cause of Islam. When you are asked to set out on a Jihad expedition, you should readily do so.’” Bukhari:V4B53N386 “Our Prophet, the Messenger of our Lord, ordered us to fight you till you worship Allah alone or pay us the Jizyah tribute tax in submission. Our Prophet has informed us that our Lord says: ‘Whoever amongst us is killed as a martyr shall go to Paradise to lead such a luxurious life as he has never seen, and whoever survives shall become your master.’” Ishaq:315 “It was so criminal, men could hardly imagine it. Muhammad was ennobled because of the bloody fighting. I swear we shall never lack soldiers nor army leaders. Driving before us infidels until we subdue them with a halter above their noses and a branding iron. We will drive them to the ends of the earth. We will pursue them on horse and on foot. We will never deviate from fighting in our cause. Any people that disobey Muhammad will pay for it. If you do not surrender to Islam, then you will live to regret it. You will be shamed in Hell, forced to wear a garment of molten pitch forever!” Because it not only declares but also applies equality between the different groups of mankind? My friend, it is you that needs to study the history of Islam and the example left by your beloved prophet. During the last 10 years of Muhammad's life he was dedicated to conquering territories, plundering the people, selling the women and children into slavery, and killing, exiling, or subjugating the conquered people to the rule of Islam. Here's a quote from the Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam[11], page 89 discussing Jihad: DJIHAD, holy war. The spread of Islam by arms is a religious duty upon Muslims in general. It narrowly escaped being a sixth "rukn", or fundamental duty, and is indeed still so regarded by the descendants of the Kharidjis. The position was reached gradually but quickly. In the Meccan Suras of the Kuran patience under attack is taught; no other attitude was possible. But at Medina the right to repel attack appears, and gradually it became a prescribed duty to fight against and subdue the hostile Meccans. Whether Muhammad himself recognized that his position implied steady and unprovoked war against the unbelieving world until it was subdued to Islam may be in doubt. Traditions are explicit on the point; but the Kuranic passages speak always of the unbelievers who are to be subdued as dangerous or faithless. Still, the story of his writing to the powers around him shows that such a universal position was implicit in his mind, and it certainly developed immediately after his death, when the Muslim armies advanced out of Arabia. It is now a "fard ‘ala ‘l-kifaya, a duty in general on all male, free, adult Muslims, sane in mind and body and having means enough to reach the Muslim army, yet not a duty necessarily incumbent on every individual but sufficiently performed when done by a certain number. So it must continue to be done until the whole world is under the rule of Islam." Because it enjoins on its followers duty to the poor and kindness? No, this a good thing, however, unlike Judaism and Christianity, Islam forbids aiding people who are not Muslim. Because it upholds forgiveness as better than revenge? This is absolute deception!!! There is no such concept in Islam except for Muslims in relation to other Muslims. Revenge is huge in Islam b/c of the perverted notions about 'justice' and 'oppression', which any Muslim can claim at any time for nearly any reason. For example, American culture is a threat to many Muslims for no other reason than what is acceptable dress. Therefore, these offended Muslims can claim oppression. Because

03/12/2009
dragonzeee

dragonzeee

1catalyst: Evil because it orders its adherents to pray to God daily and be God-conscious? Because it not only declares but also applies equality between the different groups of mankind? Because it enjoins on its followers duty to the poor and kindness? Because it upholds forgiveness as better than revenge? Because it declares there is none but One God? Then evil it is indeed. Expand the circle of your research and maybe produce some of your own instead of reading material selectively. P.S. An intro course and a little "studying" does not enable or entitle you to declare the nature of a particular history.

03/11/2009
1catalyst

1catalyst

Since I took an Intro to Islam course at a major mid-Atlantic university the semester following 9/11, I have been studying jihad in Islam on my own. Contrary to the impression one would receive from my college course, Islam is an evil ideology, enslaving its adherents and threatening the relative safety and security of the Western world. I have not read the entire paper, but so far I am very impressed and appreciative of this scholarship. I contend that university presidents and heads of religion departments all over the world should receive a copy accompanied by a written request that the revisionist authors such authors as John Esposito and Karen Armstrong be rejected in favor of the truth about Muhammad, Islam, and its extremely violent history.

03/10/2009
apenmanggeng

apenmanggeng

tenkyu berat bro

03/03/2009
majalah20082971

majalah20082971

Thank a lot...........pal ! :D

02/15/2009