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INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM USING MULTI-AGENTRULE-BASED SYSTEM
Tema: Integrasi Dalam PendidikanAhmad Rizwan Romli
 
Faculty of Information Technology & Quantitative Sciences,Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
 
ahmad_rizwan21@yahoo.com 
Norzaidah Md Noh
 
Faculty of Information Technology & Quantitative Sciences,Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
 
norzaidah@tmsk.uitm.edu.my 
Abstract
Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a multi-agent expert system developed specially to give a one-to-onetutoring to students which simulates the student-teacher learning environment. This system providestraining and tutoring to students by giving notes, examples, exercise, hints and corrections just like howteachers do in teaching their students. The objective of the system is to teach and tutor the student toimprove the student’s understanding and ability in mathematic similar to the teacher-student one-to-onetutoring. Student who uses the system will be given notes, examples and exercise. The tutoring method isdifferent for different type of student. Student who is good in mathematic and will be given notes andexercise which is up to their level while weak student will be trained until they reached level for the goodstudent. The system will train student until they are good and passed all the exercise successfully. Once astudent passed all the exercise in the system, the training will end and the student will be classified asadvance in the subject.
Keywords:
Intelligent agent, expert system, artificial intelligent, intelligent system, intelligent tutoring system
1.0 Introduction
Students’ understanding and perception on a certain subject at school depends on how much they aretutored directly by the teachers. Students especially from the primary school, needs special attention fromthe teachers where they need the one-to-one direct tutorial to make them learn faster and understandbetter. The more the students given direct tutorial, the better they will understand and the faster they learnnew topics. Involving students in tutorial is an important process. Students need to participate in thetutorial to understand what they are learning. Tutoring students without students’ participation only could
 
 
let the students remember for a short time. In order to store something in their long term memory,students need to participate in their activity.The problem with the current educational method is that students are lacking one-to-one tutorial at school.Only several of the students afford to get personal teacher to come to their house after school to revisewhat they have learned in school. Teachers at school often find difficult to satisfy all the students needbecause of the limited time and work congestion. When in class, only students who asked or show theirmisunderstanding are given attention by the teacher for one-to-one tutorial. The others who stay at theback listening without ever really manages to understand what they are learning will miss the one-to-onetutorial. As a result these students are still hanging without answers and miss the boat to proceed to thenext chapter.In search for the alternative solution for this problem, several tutoring approaches were developedincluding the Computer Based Training (CBT) and courseware. This computer software was designed toprovide students with the alternative way of one-to-one tutorial and at the same time improving theirunderstanding and perception. This solution at first was seen as success as more of this software wasdeveloped to provide education tutorial to the students. Students also accept this method easily as theyprefer to interact with computer which they find it interesting and fun. However the problem for this methodis that the system’s tutoring approach is prefix and that all user’s will get the tutoring approach from thesystem. This tutoring approach however is not the optimal solution and does not reflects the real tutoringbetween students and teachers at school. The approach does not adapt to students’ capability and that itassumes all students are the same. There are needs for a system that can really simulate the one-to-onetutoring between students and teachers and adapts to the students’ capability.An ITS is a system that not only provide tutoring materials to students, it also adapts to the studentscapability. Every student has different capabilities and has different type of understanding. Advancestudents, are less dependent to tutoring materials and able to learn new things faster than the weakerones. This various type of students’ capability allow the needs of ITS to be initialized.Therefore, in order to address the issues mentioned above, we aim to:1. determine the suitability of using rule base intelligent agent for web based intelligent tutoring system.2. design and develop the intelligent tutoring system.The project is aim to produce a system that can tutor twelve years old students on subject mathematicfocusing on the topic fractions. The system is able to provide students with notes, examples andexercises. Students as user of the system will experience one-to-one tutoring and the system will evaluatetheir exercises, gives corrections and asses their performance through out the course. The scope of thesystem is that the system was design for students who have basic computing skills or those who alreadyhave experience on using computers before. The system also requires the students to give full attentionwhile on course in order to get efficient results. Any distractions or delay while on course will affect theresult of the system.
2.0 Intelligent Tutoring System
The ITS is a system that provide tutoring approaches to students based on their capabilities. It is designedusing the AI components to first study the students’ capabilities and then come out with tutoring materialsthat matches with the students. The system is equipped with expert system where the expert knowledgecame from school teachers who have experience in tutoring students on the particular subject. The expertsystem is use to support the intelligent agent to provide the students with matching tutoring materials.Basically the function of the system is to provide students with one-to-one tutoring approach with tutoringmaterials that match with the students’ capabilities. The system is equipped with tutoring materials likenotes, examples and exercises. This materials is use to tutor the students but the students will not get tosee all the materials as they will be shown materials that are only necessary to them. This means thatadvance students who are good in the subject and have better understanding will not be shown materialsfor the beginners. For example, if a student who uses the system is already good in the subject and
 
 
considered to be advance student, the student will be given more difficult exercise rather than basicexercise for the beginners. Beginner student meanwhile will be given basic exercise, notes and examplesand will be train until the student reaches the level for advance students.ITS is a multi-agents system where there are 3 different agent working in the background interacting each.The agents have their specific roles and they provide information for each other. All user activities with thesystem will be capture by the agents via the user interface. User interacts with the system by giving inputsand these inputs are process by the agents to provide feedback to the user. The agents working in thesystem are student profile, tutor agent and evaluate agent. The agents in the background are separated tothe user via the user interface. Both user and agents can control what appears on the user interface andthis means that the system and the user are actually communicating each other.
Figure 1: System Design Framework
3.0 Intelligent Agent
The terms "agent" and "intelligent agent" are ambiguous and have been used in two different, but relatedsenses, which are often confused. Intelligent agent can be viewed from two different angles which are incomputer science and in artificial intelligence. In computer science, intelligent agent is software thatassists users and will act on their behalf, in performing non-repetitive computer-related tasks based onpre-programming rules and the term ‘intelligent’ means its ability to learn and adapt. Meanwhile in artificialintelligence, an intelligent agent is used for intelligent actors, which observe and act upon an environment,to distinguish them from intelligent thinkers isolated from the world. An agent in this sense of the word isan entity that is capable of perception and action.There are many definitions and perceptions of intelligent agent but in as much as the definition, intelligentagents is usually a software-based computer system that contains the properties of autonomy, socialability, reactivity and proactiveness (Marakas, 2003). The word autonomy means agents operate withoutthe intervention of human or other agents and have some kind of control over their actions and internalstates. (Jennigns & Wooldrige, 1998). Social ability also known as cooperation refers to ability to interactwith other agents via some communication language (Lin, 2005). In reactivity, agents perceive theirenvironment and respond in a timely fashion to changes that occur in it (Marakas, 2003). Proactivenessmeans agents do not simpy act in response to their environment; they are able to exhibit goal-directedbehavior by taking the initiative (Marakas, 2003). An agent topology was designed base on the propertiesof agents which is collaborative agents, collaborative learning agents, interface agents and smart agents(Lin, 2005).Intelligent agent can be in the form of single agent system or multiple agent system. Jennings andWooldrige, 1998, in their article said that the multi-agent system is where a system is designed andimplemented as several interacting agent. The multi-agent system is to be more complex system than thesingle agent system but there are cases that single agent system to be more appropriate.The system is a multi-agents system where the agents interacts each other as a whole unit. All agents areimportant and they receive inputs and provide outputs to each other. Each agent has their specific roleand their task is to provide output for the other agents to process. The intelligent agents were constructedto process information received from user’s interactivity with the system interface.
Intelligent Tutoring SystemUser Interface
StudentProfileEvaluationAgentTutorAgent
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