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Algebraic Geometry
Andreas Gathmann
Notes for a class
taught at the University of Kaiserslautern 2002/2003
CONTENTS
0. Introduction
1
0.1. What is algebraic geometry?
1
0.2. Exercises
6
1. Af\ufb01nevarieties
8
1.1. Algebraic sets and the Zariski topology
8
1.2. Hilbert\u2019sNullstellensatz
11
1.3. Irreducibility and dimension
13
1.4. Exercises
16
2. Functions, morphisms, and varieties
18
2.1. Functions on af\ufb01ne varieties
18
2.2. Sheaves
21
2.3. Morphisms between af\ufb01ne varieties
23
2.4. Prevarieties
27
2.5. Varieties
31
2.6. Exercises
32
3. Projectivevarieties
35
3.1. Projective spaces and projective varieties
35
3.2. Cones and the projective Nullstellensatz
39
3.3. Projective varieties as ringed spaces
40
3.4. The main theorem on projective varieties
44
3.5. Exercises
47
4. Dimension
50
4.1. The dimension of projective varieties
50
4.2. The dimension of varieties
54
4.3. Blowingup
57
4.4. Smoothvarieties
63
4.5. The 27 lines on a smooth cubic surface
67
4.6. Exercises
71
5. Schemes
74
5.1. Af\ufb01neschemes
74
5.2. Morphisms and locally ringed spaces
78
5.3. Schemes and prevarieties
80
5.4. Fiberproducts
82
5.5. Projectiveschemes
86
5.6. Exercises
89
6. First applications of scheme theory
92
6.1. Hilbertpolynomials
92
6.2. B\u00b4
ezout\u2019s theorem
96
6.3. Divisors on curves
101
6.4. The group structure on a plane cubic curve
104
6.5. Plane cubic curves as complex tori
108
6.6. Where to go from here
112
6.7. Exercises
117
7. More about sheaves
120
7.1. Sheaves and shea\ufb01\ufb01cation
120
7.2. Quasi-coherentsheaves
127
7.3. Locally free sheaves
131
7.4. Differentials
133
7.5. Line bundles on curves
137
7.6. The Riemann-Hurwitz formula
141
7.7. The Riemann-Roch theorem
144
7.8. Exercises
147
8. Cohomology of sheaves
149
8.1. Motivation and de\ufb01nitions
149
8.2. The long exact cohomology sequence
152
8.3. The Riemann-Roch theorem revisited
155
8.4. The cohomology of line bundles on projective spaces
159
8.5. Proof of the independence of the af\ufb01ne cover
162
8.6. Exercises
163
9. Intersectiontheory
165
9.1. Chowgroups
165
9.2. Proper push-forward of cycles
171
9.3. Weil and Cartier divisors
176
9.4. Intersections with Cartier divisors
181
9.5. Exercises
185
10. Chernclasses
188
10.1. Projectivebundles
188
10.2. Segre and Chern classes of vector bundles
191
10.3. Properties of Chern classes
194
10.4. Statement of the Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorem
200
10.5. Proof of the Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorem
203
10.6. Exercises
209
References
211
Index
212
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