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Chapter 1 - New World Beginnings
Aztecs 
The Azetcs were a Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. They worshipped everythingaround them especially the sun. Cortes conquered them in 1521.
Pueblo Indians 
The Pueblo Indians lived in the Southwestern United States. They built extensive irrigation systems to water their primary crop,which was corn. Their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe.
Joint Stock Companies 
These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Ex. London Company andPlymouth Company.
Renaissance 
After the Middle Ages there was a rebirth of culture in Europe where art and science were developed. It was during this time of enrichment that America was discovered.
Canadian Shield 
geological shape of North America; 10 million years ago; held the northeast corner of North America in place; the first part of  North America to come above sea level.
Mound Builders 
The mound builders of the Ohio River Valley and the Mississippian culture of the lower Midwest did sustain some largesettlements after the incorporation of corn planting into their way of life during the first millennium AD. The Mississippiansettlement at Cohokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Ill., was perhaps home to 40,000 people in about AD 1100. Butmysteriously, around the year 1300, both the Mound Builder and the Mississippian cultures had fallen to decline.
Spanish Armada 
"Invincible" group of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588; Armada was defeated by smaller, moremaneuverable English "sea dogs" in the Channel; marked the beginning of English naval dominance and fall of Spanishdominance.
black legend
The idea developed during North American colonial times that the Spanish utterly destroyed the Indians through slavery anddisease while the English did not. It is a false assertion that the Spanish were more evil towards the Native Americans than theEnglish were.
Conquistadores 
Spanish explorers that invaded Central and South America for it's riches during the 1500's. In doing so they conquered the Incas,Aztecs, and other Native Americans of the area. Eventually they intermarried these tribes.
Montezuma 
Aztec chieftan; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; Montezuma assumed that the Soanush weregods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries.
Christopher Columbus 
An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "NewWorld." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.
Hernan Cortes 
He was a Spanish explorer who conquered the Native American civilization of the Aztecs in 1519 in what is now Mexico.
Francisco Coronado 
A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for thelegendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.
Treaty of Tordesillas
In 1494 Spain and Portugal were disputing the lands of the new world, so the Spanish went to the Pope, and he divided the landof South America for them. Spain got the vast majority, the west, and Portugal got the east.
Mestizos 
The Mestizos were the race of people created when the Spanish intermarried with the surviving Indians in Mexico.
Marco Polo 
 
Italian explorer; spent many years in China or near it; his return to Europe in 1295 sparked a European interest in finding aquicker route to Asia.
Francisco Pizarro 
Francisco Pizarro -- New World conqueror; Spanish conqueror who crushed the Inca civilization in Peru; took gold, silver andenslaved the Incas in 1532.
Juan Ponce de Leon 
Spanish Explorer; in 1513 and in 1521, he explored Florida, thinking it was an island. Looking for gold and the "fountain of youth", he failed in his search for the fountain of youth but established Florida as territory for the Spanish, before being killed bya Native American arrow.
Hernando de Soto 
Spanish Conquistador; explored in 1540's from Florida west to the Mississippi with six hundred men in search of gold;discovered the Mississippi, a vital North American river.
 
Chapter 2 - The Planting of English America
Virginia Company 
A joint-stock company: based in Virginia in 1607: founded to find gold and a water way to the Indies: confirmed all Englishmenthat they would have the same life in the New World, as they had in England, with the same rights: 3 of their ships transported the people that would found Jamestown in 1607.
Iroquois Confederacy 
The Iroquois Confederacy was nearly a military power consisting of Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas.IT was foundedin the late 1500s.The leaders were Degana Widah and Hiawatha. The Indians lived in log houses with relatives. Men dominated, but a person's background was determined by the women's family. Different groups banded together but were separate fur tradersand fur suppliers. Other groups joined; they would ally with either the French or the English depending on which would be themost to their advantage.
starving time
The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the "starving time" to the colonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the originalfour-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtainfood in the new world.
Act of Toleration 
A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland: Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland: protected the Catholics religion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the #1 colony to shelter Catholics inthe New World.
Squatter 
A person who settles on land without title or right: Early settlers in North Carolina became squatters when they put their smallfarms on the new land. They raised tobacco on the land that they claimed, and tobacco later became a major cash crop for NorthCarolina.
Primogeniture 
A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful andowned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth.
Indentured Servitude 
Indentured servants were Englishmen who were outcasts of their country, would work in the Americas for a certain amount of time as servants.
Royal Charter 
A document given to the founders of a colony by the monarch that allows for special privileges and establishes a generalrelationship of one of three types: (1) Royal- direct rule of colony by monarch, (2) Corporate- Colony is run by a joint-stock company, (3) Proprietary- colony is under rule of someone chosen by the monarch. Royal Charters guaranteed that colonistswould have "rights as all Englishmen".
Slave Codes 
In 1661 a set of "codes" was made. It denied slaves basic fundamental rights, and gave their owners permission to treat them asthey saw fit.
Yeoman 
An owner and cultivator of a small farm.
Proprietor 
a person who was granted charters of ownership by the king: proprietary colonies were Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware: proprietors founded colonies from 1634 until 1681:a famous proprietor is William Penn.
Longhouse 
The chief dwelling place of the Iroquois Indians; c. 1500s-1600s; longhouses served as a meeting place as well as the homes for many of the Native Americans. They also provided unity between tribes of Iroquois Confederacy.
James Oglethorpe 
founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman , philanthropist. Started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of hisinterest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat.
John Smith 
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Chloe Paavola

same as the other commenter..this helped a TON! please do the other chapters! :)

reply09 / 24 / 2011
pinksugarush

OMG THANKS SO MUCH! youre the best! this vocabulary really helped me! can you please do vocabulary on the rest of the chapters too? i hope i'm not asking for too much >< haha im desperate in making good grades at school~

reply10 / 07 / 2010
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