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Mnemonics in Dentistry
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
C o n te n t s P a g e
Acknowledgments Introduction 3 4
1 . Medicine and Surgery relevant to dentistry 2. Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 3. Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology 4. Therapeutics and Anaesthesia 5. Head and Neck Anatomy & Embryology 6. Syndromes of the Head & Neck 7. Orthodontics and Paediatric dentistry 8. Periodontics, Restorative dentistry & Prosthodontics 9. Dental Materials 10. Dental Law
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
A c k now le d g e m e n t s
I would like to express my immense gratitude to my dear mother who has been a source of writing of this book. inspiration and continuous support during the
members who have also encouraged me to to all the mnemonics produced and their invaluable feedback.
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
Introdu c tion
as an undergraduate student but later progressed and now has reached this phase and materialized as a revision text book. Mnemonics in Dentistry was first conceptualized
On looking for a revision text there are a number of books in the market which are either encyclopedic reference books or books which test the existing knowledge by using questions in the form of matching questions (EMQs).
All of these books are valuable in terms of the as for the purpose of revision. Mnemonics in Dentistry allows the individual student to
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
Systemize the information that they have learnt or of information by using memory aids.
The use of mnemonics and chunking information that is, arranging a long list in smaller units or recall off your credit card number or your categories that are easier to remember. If you can telephone numbers without looking at it, thats and 4 digits.
This book uses the concept of mnemonics, clusters and grouping to help individuals memorise and recall information in a clear and concise manner. The overload of information can lead to
information being jumbled and therefore recall much more difficult. However, if the information is stored in a systematic order, a
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
then retrieving a file becomes much more difficult. Recall of information learnt can also work in this manner and the aim of this book is to make learning and recall more effective and enjoyable. A number of tools can be used on memory and learning, and this book also utilizes these well the field of dentistry.
Occasionally, the studious and most hard working candidates may perform poorly in examinations due to a poor revision technique. The fact is they ability to recall information under pressure in a
may have known the subject material well but their systematic way usually fails them. The information
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
is probably all muddled up and the process of recall becomes all that difficult.
Imagine learning mnemonics relevant in dentistry and surprising them by the factual information
and impressing your tutors with your level of recall retained. A simple example is: What would you
answer if your tutor asked you or were presented with a question in a viva examination about the complications of a blood transfusion?
Youre probably thinking that I have done that particular module but cannot recall what I have been taught. But if you remembered the
IN = Incompatibility reaction
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
O = Overload
C = Citrate Toxicity
From the above example we can see the function of the mnemonic as an initiator and hence once the mnemonic is recalled you can easily list the
complications associated with a blood transfusion and therefore you can further elaborate on each point.
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
extensively provide you with a mnemonic for every information and situation but within the book would assist you with your level of revision. there are over 300 mnemonics and clusters which
Furthermore, learning new information in a more stepping stone to create new mnemonics and improve your own revision techniques.
This book is useful for anyone within the dental knowledge as well as for undergraduate dental MFDS and overseas registration examinations(ORE).
profession who wishes to consolidate their existing students, students wishing to undertake the MJDF,
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
Chapter 1
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DISORDERS OF COAGULATION AND HAEMOSTASIS The disorder of haemostasis and coagulation for simplicity can be divided into three categories:
9
VESSEL
V = Vasculitis S = Scurvy
E = Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
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The Prothrombin time(INR), Activated Partial Thromboplastin time(APTT) and platelet count are all usually normal in vessel wall disorders. Rarely causes serious bleeding and may present as bleeding into mucous membranes or skin starts immediately following trauma but stops after 24-48 hours .
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
VIRALS
Deficiency of platelets is the most common coagulation disorder and can be caused by many disease and drugs. Thrombocytopenia exists when the platelet count falls below < 140*109/l. It can present as petechiae and haemorrhages into the skin. The Prothrombin time(INR) and APTT are normal. The bleeding time is usually abnormal.
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
HAEMOSTASIS
A = Alcoholism
O= VOn Willebrands Disease(lack of Von Willebrand factor) S = Systemic drugs e.g. Warfarin
A =Abnormal Liver Function Test(Liver disease) (SPCA) deficiency Factor VII deficiency deficiency)
S = Serum prothrombin conversion accelerator I = Inflammation and Inadequate diet(Vitamin K S = Seek Specialist advice
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Disorders affecting the coagulation cascade of clotting can be classified as acquired or congenital. From the above list, all are acquired conditions except for haemophilia A&B, Von Willebrand factor deficiency, Factor IX and Factor VII deficiencies.
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
Remember! WE LOSE VOLUMES of DRUGS W= Warfarin L = Liver Disease V = Vitamin K Deficiency D = Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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It is absolutely vital that you know what affects the Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade. These questions are key examination or viva questions.
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
9 BLEEDING TIME
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The bleeding time is abnormal in platelet disorders and vessel wall disorders
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
S = Steroid insufficiency Y = hYperventilation N = Nervous patients(Vaso-Vagal) C = Cerebrovascular accidents O = Oral Airway obstruction E = Etiology unknown P = Postural Hypotension
7LSV
All members of the dental team must be well trained in Basic life support and should be competent in the management of a collapsed patient. Administration of emergency drugs and their dosages should be reinforced and consolidated. (See BNF and Resuscitation council UK for updated advice)
9
Mnemonics in Dentistry
A = Ashen grey appearance, Abnormal breathing, Angioedema L = Loss of consciousness, Low Blood Pressure
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
FEATURES OF HYPOGLYCAEMIA
LOW SUGAR EPISODE L = Low BM (<3.9mmol/l) This value is debatable and varies from one patient to another O = On insulin Patients on insulin who have missed a meal or breakfast are prone to hypoglycaemia. W = Warmth
S = Sweaty skin
G = Generalised seizures
P = Paresthesia, Pallor
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
S = Shakiness
DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
coma)
CONVULSIONS
V = Viral Infections (Febrile convulsions), Vomiting U = Unprovoked emotion e.g. fear, pleasure, Unconsciousness L = Loss of memory
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
S = Spasms
I = Incontinence
IV FLUID EXPANDERS
B & S CC B = Blood
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
S = Saline
C = Crystalloid C = Colloid ANAEMIA 'HILQLWLRQ $ /RZ +DHPRJORELQ+E GXH WR D ORZ UHG FHOO PDVV ,I LW LV GXH WR D LQFUHDVHG SODVPD YROXPH HJ LQ 3UHJQDQF\ WKH DQDHPLD LV FDOOHG SK\VLRORJLFDO $ ORZ +E LQ PDOHV JGO DQG LQ )HPDOHV JGO CAUSES OF MICROCYTIC ANAEMIA (MCV< 80FL)
SITA
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
H = Hookworm, Haemorrhoids
E = UlcErs(Gastrointestinal)
MALT P M = Menstruation
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
L = Lactation
A = Age
R = Reticulocytosis
A = Alcohol
BIG DIP
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
I = Ileal Resection
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
HAEMOLYTIC
M =Malaria
H = Hereditary spherocytoiss
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Mnemonics in Dentistry
PAINSTAKING
A = Apthous ulcerations I = Increased fatigue N = Nail beds pale G = Gastric Mucosal Atrophy
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There a number of oral and systemic manifestations of anaemias and these should be known and recognised well! There are numerous dental manifestations of anaemias and these include the above as well as the following: Sore or Burning tongue Atrophic Glossitis Patterson Kelly Syndrome Candidiosis Angular Stomatitis Aphthous ulcers
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