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© 2012 Asian Development Bank All rights reserved. Published in 2012.Printed in the PhilippinesISBN 978-92-9092-762-4 (Print), 978-92-9092-763-1 (PDF)Publication Stock No. RPS124842Cataloging-In-Publication DataAsian Development Bank.Administration and governance of higher education in Asia: patterns and implications.Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2012.1. Administration. 2. Governance. 3. Higher education I. Asian Development Bank.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent.ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country”in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with properacknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works forcommercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB.Note:In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 632 4444Fax +63 2 636 2444www.adb.orgFor orders, please contact:Department of External RelationsFax +63 2 636 2648adbpub@adb.org