6 Lessons from Other Developing Countries for Horticulture Book

Working Paper No. 197

CAN HORTICULTURE BE A SUCCESSSTORY FOR INDIA?

Surabhi Mittal

August 2007

INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS

Table of ContentsAbbreviations and Acronyms

......................................................................................i

Foreword

.......................................................................................................................ii

Abstract

........................................................................................................................iii

1

Introduction

..........................................................................................................11.1 Background to Horticultural Development in India......................................21.2 Objective of the Study...................................................................................31.3 Data................................................................................................................4

2

Past Trends in Area, Production and Exports

..................................................52.1 Cropping Pattern Change in India..................................................................52.2 Production Trends in India.............................................................................82.3 Export Trends...............................................................................................13

3

Feasibility of Shift Towards Horticulture

........................................................18

4

Domestic Demand, Supply and Constraints

....................................................224.1 Domestic Demand and Supply.....................................................................224.2 Issues in Supply Chain Efficiency...............................................................244.3 SAFAL Market Case Study.........................................................................29

4.3.1

Structure and Functioning

...................................................................31

4.3.2

Backward Linkages

..............................................................................31

4.3.3

Forward Linkages

................................................................................32

4.3.4

Constraints

...........................................................................................33

4.3.5

Suggestions for Improvement

...............................................................33

5

Competitiveness of Horticulture in India

........................................................345.1 Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC)........................................................345.2 Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)...................................................405.3 Mapping the States with Export Potential...................................................435.4 Potential Export Competitors.......................................................................46

6

Lessons from Other Developing Countries

......................................................47

7

Conclusion: Policy and Strategies

....................................................................57

References

...................................................................................................................61

Appendix

.....................................................................................................................65

List of Tables

Table 1: Change in cropping pattern in India, 1990-2004.............................................5Table 2: Change in area under horticulture groups in India, 1990-2004.......................6Table 3: Change in area under major fruits in India, 1990-2004...................................7Table 4: Change in area under major vegetables in India, 1990-2004..........................8Table 5: Average annual rate of growth in area and production....................................9Table 6: Area and production share in total fruits, 1990-2004....................................10Table 7: Area and production share in total vegetables, 1990-2004............................11Table 8: Ranking in production of fruits in other countries, 2004...............................11Table 9: Ranking in production of vegetables in other countries, 2004......................12Table 10: Exports of fresh fruits from India to the world............................................13Table 11: Exports of fresh vegetables from India to the world...................................14Table 12: Major countries and share (%) of exports of fresh fruits from India...........15Table 13: Major countries and share of exports of fresh vegetables from India.........15Table 14: Exports of fresh fruits by other countries to the world, 2005......................16Table 15: Exports of fresh vegetables by other countries to the world, 2005.............17Table 16: Cost-Benefit Ratio for major cereals...........................................................19Table 17: Cost-Benefit Ratio for certain fruits and vegetables....................................20Table 18: Annual per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables in India...............23Table 19: Projected domestic demand of fruits and vegetables in India.....................23Table 20: Production forecast of vegetables and fruits in India..................................24Table 21: Supply of vegetables and fruits in India......................................................24Table 22: Trends in yield for major fruits in India......................................................25Table 23: Trends in yield for major vegetables in India..............................................26Table 24: Domestic price, FOB price and reference price, 2005.................................37Table 25: Nominal protection coefficient under exportable hypothesis......................38

Table 26: Revealed comparative advantage of exports of fresh fruits andvegetables from India to the world

..........................................................41Table 27: States to be targeted for enhancing exports.................................................44Table 28: Share and ranking of states in country’s production...................................45Table 29: Identified potential competing countries....................................................46

List of Figures

Figure 1: Change in cropping pattern, 1990-2004.........................................................6Figure 2: Production Trends of Horticulture in India....................................................9Figure 3: Nominal protection coefficient of major fresh fruits....................................39Figure 4: Nominal protection coefficient of major fresh vegetables...........................39Figure 5: Change in revealed comparative advantage of certain.................................42

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