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....[stuff deleted].... this gem of an ascii dictionary that containsall you need to know about Urdu words to post lyrics properly. Ibelieve this was created by Dinesh Prabhu who's clearly spent a lotof effort and produced a great source of reference.Use it.With acknowledgements to DINESH PRABHU (prabhu@amelia.nas.nasa.gov)################################################################################Alphabet--------Vowel Pronunciation Key-----------------------a : "u" in "but"aa : "a" in "far"e : "e" in "bed"i : "i" in "fit"ee : "ee" in "feet"o : "o" in "code"u : "u" in "put"oo : "oo" in "booed"au : "ow" in "how"ai : "ei" in "neighbor" Notes: 1. ' indicates a glottal stop (pronounced like "uh") in verycareful----- speech. Normally, however, it is not pronounced at thebeginningof a word and in other positions it represents 'aa'.2. The combination 'ah' at the end of a word is pronounced like'aa'or 'e'. For example: 'jagah' could be 'jagaa' or 'jage',i.e., theh is silent.3. The combination 'ah' or 'aH' in the middle of a word ispronouncedlike 'e'.4. n. (n period) indicates nasalization.5. a - is used to distinguish between sh and s+h, kh and k+h,etc. Letter Transcription Remarks------ ------------- ------- 'alif : a Could also stand for an unspecified initialvowelbe : bpe : p Does not occur in Arabicte : t Used in native wordsTe : T Does not occur in Arabic and Persianse : s Used in loan wordsjeem : jche : ch Does not occur in ArabicbaRi he : H Used in loan wordskhe : kh

daal : dDaal : D Does not occur in Arabic and Persianzaal : z Used in loan wordsre : rRe : R Does not occur in Arabic and Persianze : z Used in native wordszhe : zh Does not occur in Arabicseen : ssheen : shsaad : s Used in loan wordszaad : z Used in loan wordsto-e : t Used in loan wordszo-e : z Used in loan wordsain : ' Could also stand for an unspecified initialvowelghain : ghfe : fqaaf : qkaaf : kgaaf : g Does not occur in Arabiclaam : lmeem : mnoon : nvaa-o : w Stands for oo/o/au at the end of a word. Inthemiddle it could stand for w/oo/o/auchhoTi he: h Used in native wordschhoTi ye: y Stand for ee/e/ai at the end of a word. In themiddle it could stand for y/ee/e/aibaRi ye : y Occurs only at the end of a word and standsfore or ai ################################################################################ Abbreviations------------- Grammatical Word Origin----------- -----------n.f. : noun feminine P : Persiann.m. : noun masculine A : Arabicpron. : pronoun T : Turkishadj. : adjective H : Hindiv. : verb S : Sanskritadv. : adverb G : Greekconj. : conjunctionintj. : interjectionprep. : prepositionsuff. : suffixpref. : prefixfig. : figurativeplu. : plurallit. : literalpoet. : poetic

################################################################################ Vocabulary---------- 'alif (long)------------aab: P n.m. wateraab: P n.f. splendor/elegance/polish/brightness/temper(steel)/lustre(gems)/sharpness(sword)aab-e-aa'inah: n.f. polish of a mirroraab-e-talkh: n.m. bitter water/tears/wineaab-e-chashm: n.m. tearsaabaad: P adj.populated/inhabited/peopled/prosperous/happyaabru: P n.f. honor/fame/good name/dignityaap: H pron. self/selves/respectful term of addressaatish: P n.f. fireaatmaa: S n.f. soul/spirit/mindaasim: A n.m. sinner/culpritaakhir: A adj. last/finalaadaab: A n.m. manners (plu. of adab)aadmi: P n.m. man (lit. offspring of Adam)aadmiyyat: A n.f. humanity/human nature/civilityaaraa: P adj. embellishing/adorningaaraam: P n.m. rest/repose/respite/relief/ease/comfortaara'ish P n.f. decoration/adornment/beautyaarzoo: P n.f. yearning/desire/wish/longingaaz: P n.f. ardent desire/lust/covetousnessaazaad: P n.f. free/unrestrainedaazardah: P adj. annoyed/dejected/uneasy/gloomy/sadaazmaa'ish: P n.f. trial/experiment/testing/provingaas: H n.f. longing/desire/hope/faith/shelter/refugeaasaan: P adj. light/facile/easyaasraa: H n.m. means of subsistence/protection/shelteraasmaan: P n.m. heaven/skyaasmaani: P adj. heavenly/celestial/azureaasoodah: P adj. opulent/rich/satisfiedaashaa: S n.f. desire/hope/longingaashuftah: P adj. perplexed/careworn/distracted/confusedaashnaa: P n.m. aquaintance/friend/loveraashiyaan.: P n.m. nest/houseaakhaaz: P n.m. commencement/outset/beginningaaghosh: P n.f/m. embrace/lap/bosomaafaat: A n.f. evils/disasters/misfortunes (plu. ofaafat)aaftaab: P n.m. sunaag: H n.f. flame/fire (fig. anger/passion/love/lust)aalaap: H n.f. conversation/preparatory tuningaan.ch: H n.f. flame/warmth/fervor/loss/griefaan.chal: H n.m. corner of the 'dopaTTa' worn by womenaan.dhee: H n.f. dust-storm/hurricaneaan.soo: H n.m. tearsaawaarah: P adj. without homeaawaarah: P n.m. wanderer/vagrant/destitute