Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1: - .
1.3 ,
:
-
: 1.1
-
2004
-
, 65
2000-2006 ... ( 75%
(....)
25% ).
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Copyright 2004
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(http://www.infosoc.gr/meletes/).
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iii
..................................... 1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.6
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.3
1.7
.................................................................................. 3
(Copyright) .................................................................................... 4
............................................ 5
.................................................................................................................................. 9
....................................................................................................................... 10
................................................................................................. 10
............................................................................................ 10
.................................................................................................................... 11
..................................................................................... 11
....................................................................................................................... 11
(RIGHTS CLEARANCE) ........................................................... 12
........ 12
................................................. 17
................................................................... 20
....................................................................................................................... 22
........................................................................................................ 22
............................................. 22
.............................................................................. 22
........................................... 25
....................................................................................................................... 26
........................................................................................ 26
..................................................................................... 27
....................................................................................................................... 29
.......................................... 30
................................. 31
.......................................................................................... 32
....................................................................................................................... 34
.................................................................................... 34
........................ 35
2.1
....................................................................................................................... 35
2.1.1
............................................................................................... 36
2.1.2
....................................................................................... 38
2.1.3
................................................................................ 38
2.1.4
.............................................................................................................. 38
2.1.5
& .......................................................... 39
2.1.6
............................................................................................................. 39
2.1.7
.................................................................................................. 39
2.1.8
.......................................................................................................................... 40
2.2
.. 40
2.2.1
& .............................................................................................................. 41
2.2.2
& ..................................................................................................... 41
2.2.3
......................................................................................... 43
2.2.4
........................................................................ 44
2.2.5
................................................................................................................... 45
2.3
......................................................................................................... 46
2.3.1
............................................................................................................. 46
2.3.2
2001/29/
29 2001
.................................. 47
2.3.3
- ............................................................................................... 56
iv
3
.............................................................................................................................. 57
3.1
3.2
................................................................................................................ 57
........................................................................................ 58
3.3
......................................................................... 59
4
..................................................................................... 60
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
............................................................................................................... 60
.................................................................................. 61
..................................... 62
[8,9] ................................................................................................................. 62
..................................................................................................................... 62
[10] ..................................................................... 64
...................................................................................... 64
...................................................................................... 64
(Hash Functions)................................................................. 65
[8,9]................................................................................................................ 66
..................................................................................... 66
.................................................................................. 66
[15] ........................................................................ 67
............................................................................................................................ 69
............................................................................................................. 69
- ..................................................................................................... 70
- ........................................................................................................ 78
.......................... 85
..................................... 88
.................................................. 107
5
&
.................................................................................................................................. 117
5.1
[33] .......................................................................................................... 117
5.1.1
............................................................................................................................. 117
5.1.2
.................................................................................................. 118
5.1.3
......................................................................................... 120
5.1.4
............................................................................................ 125
5.1.5
..................................................................................................................... 125
5.2
&
-MPEG21 ................................................................... 126
5.2.1
, ............ 127
5.2.2
Rights Expression Language - MPEG21 Part 4 [46]
137
5.2.3
(Rights Data Dictionary, RDD)MPEG21-Part 6 ................. 141
5.2.4
- ........................................ 142
5.3
................................ 151
5.3.1
Adobe Content Server 3.0 [61] ........................................................................................... 151
5.3.2
Windows Media DRM [62]................................................................................................. 152
5.3.3
SynCast [63]......................................................... 152
5.3.4
EasyDRM [64].................................................................................................................... 153
6
.................................................................................................................................. 154
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
.............................................................................................................................. 155
6.2.2
........................................................................................................................... 156
6.2.3
........................................................................................................................ 157
6.2.4
...................................................................................................................... 158
6.2.5
............................................................... 158
6.2.6
......................................................................................................... 158
6.2.7
........................................................................................................ 159
6.2.8
......................................................... 159
6.3
................... 159
6.4
...................................................................................................................... 161
7
.................................................................................................... 163
7.1
7.2
..................................................................................................................... 163
&
........................................................................................................................................... 163
7.2.1
TRADEX (Trial Action for Digital Object Exchange) [66] ................................................ 163
7.2.2
TNT ..................................................................................................................................... 165
7.2.3
IPR HELPDESK [67] ......................................................................................................... 166
7.2.4
IMPRIMATUR .................................................................................................................... 166
7.2.5
VERDI [68] ........................................................................................................................ 167
7.3
&
& [65] .............................................. 169
7.3.1
........................................................................................................... 169
7.3.2
....................................................................................................................... 170
7.3.3
....................................................... 170
7.3.4
.................................. 187
7.3.5
.................................................................................................. 196
8
................................................................................................................................. 199
............................................................................................................. 199
............................................................................ 199
............................................................................................................. 201
CISAC (Confdration Internationale des Socits d'Auteurs et Compositeurs) [69] ....... 201
IFRRO International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations [70] ............... 202
Reproduction Rights Organizations RROs ...................................................................... 203
... ............................................................................................. 204
RROs ................................................................. 204
............................................................................... 207
.......................................................... 212
( ) [78] ......................... 214
: .............................................................. 215
.................................. 218
................................................................................................................. 219
... ( ) [79] ....................... 220
... ...................................... 222
CREATIVE COMMONS [80] ....................................................................................................... 224
............................................................................................................................ 226
vi
1-1: ..................................... 7
1-2: ................................................................. 18
1-3: ................................ 24
4-1: ......................... 89
5-1: 1 XrML ... 149
5-2: 2 XrML ... 150
6-1: ........................................................... 160
6-2: ........................................ 160
6-3: ..................................................... 160
6-4: , ...... 161
6-5: ..................................... 161
vii
4-1: Alinari Copyright Notice ............................................................................ 108
4-2: Alinari ............................................................... 110
4-3: Corbis Copyright Notice ............................................................................. 111
4-4: Corbis ............................................................... 113
4-5: Hermitage Copyright Notice....................................................................... 114
4-6: Hermitage ................................................................. 115
7-1: TRADEX ............................................................. 164
7-2: Imprimatur......................................................... 167
7-3: VERDI ..................................................................................... 168
7-4: VERDI ................................................................... 169
7-5: - .................................................................... 186
7-6:
& .......................................................................... 197
viii
1-1: .......................................................... 2
1-2: & ..................................................... 3
1-3: Copyright ............................................................. 6
1-4 : ................................................ 12
5-1: ............... 119
5-2: .... 121
5-3: ............................................................... 122
5-4: ......................................................... 124
5-5: DID
(Digital Identification Model)......................................................................................... 130
5-6: DID DII............... 131
5-7: MPEG-21 . 132
5-8: MPEG ....... 139
5-9: XrML ................................. 147
5-10: ........ 148
ix
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56
3
3
3.1
,
.
(Intellectual Property Rights)
.
,
.
,
.
,
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
1997
(copyright)
(COM(97)628)
, CD-ROM,
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1999 ,
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64
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[14].
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.
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:
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77
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[27, 28, 29]
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To , bits
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Software Development Kit)
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ATRAC (Version 4.5)
ATRAC3 (132 kbps, 105 Kbps)
RealAudio (128 Kbps, 64 Kbps)
Windows Media Audio (128 Kbps, 64 Kbps)
:
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( , /
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86
(Cropping) .
.
:
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(SDK,
Software Development Kit)
.
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frames
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(SDK,
Software Development Kit)
.
87
4.6.5
,
. ,
,
.
, .
, .
Eikonamark
Audiomark
Videomark
Alphacrawler
Meshmark
Volmark
Signature
Cryptoglyph
SteganoSign
Giovanni
Compris
Textmark
Texthide
compris.com
DataMark
StegMark
www.datamarktech.com
AlpVision
eWatermark
BlueSpike
Inc
Digimarc
MarkAny
Media Sec
CACI MTL
Systems
Nextamp
Sealtronic
Signum
IDMark
ImageBridge
MyPictureMark
MediaBridge
2.0
EsigniaTMVideo 1.5
MAO 2.0
MediaSign
Print
MediaSign
Digital
SysCop
ADW
Watermarking
Applications
MT Image
MT Video
MT Audio
SureSign
URL
3D
9
9
9
www.alphatecltd.com
9
9
9
9
9
www.alpvision.com
www.ewatermark.com
www.bluespike.com
9
9
9
9
9
www.digimarc.com
www.markany.com
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
www.mediasec.com
www.caci.com/mtl
www.nextamp.com
www.sealtronic.com
www.signumtech.com
9
9
9
9
9
88
Technologies
Verance
VeriData
Audio
Watermark
Embedder /
Detector
www.musicode.com
4-1:
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
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4.6.5.1
,
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,
.
,
,
.
, ,
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:13
4.6.5.1.1 Alpha Tec. Ltd
H Alpha Tec.
& /
. 1989 ,
13
&
. Alphatec,
Digimarc & Signum .
,
.
89
.
Alpa Tec. EikonaMark.
4.6.5.1.1.1 &
EikonaMark:
&
. ,
copyright
.
EikonaMark
, .
,
.
,
.
,
. &
Eikonamark :
.
.
-
.
zero-bit & multi-bit .
.
.
Eikonamark
,
JPEG , , ..
EikonaMar
(SDK)
.
, TIFF, JPEG, GIF, BMP, TARGA .
EikonaMark
90
, (agent).
.
Alphacrawler: O Alphacrawler
, ,
.
Alphacrawler ,
URL. , ,
.
.
.
.
4.6.5.1.1.2
To EikonaMark Alphatec .
.
80 $ USD.
Enterprise Edition: Alphatec
(ID,
Identification Number).
. Enterprise
.
: 1999 $ USD
Private Edition:
.
.
.
: 199 $ USD
SDK:
. (ID, Identification
Number)
, .
: 1999 $ USD
91
92
Multi-bit : multibit
. 1 16777215
ImageID TransactionID. Copyright Year
.
: Digimarc
,
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ImageBridge Reader ,
ImageBridge
. plug-in
, Adobe Photoshop, JASC
Paintshop Pro, ULead Photo Impact Internet & Windows Explorer
Microsoft. Internet Explorer plug-in Digimarc
.
plug-in Windows Browser,
.
ImageBridge
. Digimarc,
.
link,
,
.
,
.
, ImageBridge
.
. , MarcSpider
copyright,
URL.
,
Digimarc.
.
,
.
4.6.5.1.2.2
93
,
.
ImageBridge Digimarc .
ImageBridge Desktop: Desktop
,
.
: 3.495 $
ImageBridge Server: ImageBridge
.
XML script
.
: ImageBridge Server
ImageBridge Desktop
ImageBridge Custom Solutions:
Digimarc ImageBridge
. ,
,
(SDK)
.
: 18.000 $
4.6.5.1.3 MarkAny
4.6.5.1.3.1 &
MarkAny
.
DRM
. ,
,
.
MarkAny MAIM 2.0:
MAIM 2.0:
MAIM 2.0
,
. , MAIM 2.0
.
:
94
bit
, (SDK).
BMP, JPEG, PNG, GIF & TIFF
4.6.5.1.3.2
MarkAny.
. MAIM 2.0
.
4.6.5.1.4 MediaSec
4.6.5.1.4.1 &
H MediaSec Technologies ,
.
MediaSec ,
, ,
, .
, MediaSec
.
.
. ,
MediaSign Digital.
MediaSign Digital:
,
.
, .
MediaSec Digital :
:
timestamp
95
,
,
.
:
, MediaSec
4.6.5.1.4.2
MediaSec
.
.
4.6.5.1.5 Sealtronic
4.6.5.1.5.1 &
H Sealtronic MarkAny
.
.
,
.
,
MagicTag
. MagicTag
,
, copyright,
,
.
MagicTag
MT Image.
MT Image: MT Image pixels
. MT Image
:
96
, ,
, , .
,
(SDK)
. ( - ).
multi-bit
4.6.5.1.5.2
.
.
4.6.5.1.6 Signum Technologies
4.6.5.1.6.1 &
Signum Technologies
.
Signum
copyright. Signum
, ,
. ,
,
,
.
Signum , ,
, .. Signum
SureSign :
SureSign Enterprise:
.
,
.
.
SureSign Image SDK:
Suresign
,
.
Suresign Plug-ins:
97
plug-ins Suresign
Adobe Corel, Windows
Explorer Microsoft, tab
.
Signum :
5
,
,
JPEG, TIFF, BMP, PCX, PNG, Targa PICT - RGB, CMYK
greyscale
AANNNNN,
.
,
4.6.5.1.6.2
Signum
, .
:
SureSign Enterprise:
.
.
.
: 3.620,00 / .
1.560,00 / .
SureSign SDK:
Signum.
,
.
SDK.
: SDK
SureSign Plug-ins: plug-ins
98
.
.
: 1.030,00 / .
200,00 .
200,00 .
4.6.5.2
,
(peer to peer) .
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
..
:
.
,
.
.
,
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99
4.6.5.2.1.1 &
AudioMark: Alpha Tec.
. AudioMark
.
, AudioMark
,
.
.
.
,
.
& AudioMark
:
.
Wav & Raw.
, MPEG
( ),
(, - .)
.
(SDK)
.
4.6.5.2.1.2
AudioMark Alpha Tec.
. :
Enterprise:
,
.
Enterprise
.
100
: 1999 $ USD
Private: H Private AudioMark , ,
.
.
.
.
: 499 $
SDK:
Alpha Tec AudioMark.
.
.
: 2999 $ USD .
4.6.5.2.2 Blue Spike
Blue Spike ,
, .
Blue Spike ,
.
Blue Spike
. ,
.
Giovanni .
multi-bit
8 256 bit.
.
15 60
(MPEG),
,
4.6.5.2.3 MarkAny
101
,
(SDK).
WAV, WMA, ACC, Q-Design, ETRAC.
MAO 2.0 International
Standardization Organization SDMI [81], STEP2000[82],
STEP2001[82].
4.6.5.2.4 Sealtronic
Sealtronic.
MagicTag MT Audio.
MT Audio
,
.
,
.
MT Audio.
,
SDMI & STEP
MagicTag
4.6.5.2.5 Verance
Verance
,
, ,
.
102
.
Verance :
& :
. Verance
.
.
& :
.
.
.
:
Verance Audio Watermark Embedder: Verance
SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative)
.
. ,
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Audio Watermark Embedder
, .
:
:
.
:
,
, ,
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Audio Watermark Embedder :
,
(SDK),
.
, Microsoft WAV, Raw PCM,
DVD-Audio & DDP.
103
4.6.5.3.1.1 &
VideoMark: To VideoMark
.
(ID-numbers)
104
.
.
VideoMark .
VideoMark :
. 5 ,
(frame)
.
.
,
.
MPEG2
1:50.
.
VideoMark
.
4.6.5.3.1.2
Alpha Tec. VideoMark
.
nterprise:
. -
.
-
.
: 1999 $ USD
Private:
,
.
.
: 499 $ USD
105
SDK:
Alpha Tec. .
.
.
: 2999 $ USD
4.6.5.3.2 MarkAny
H
.
Esignia Video 1.5
MarkAny Video Watermarking Esignia Video 1.5:
, .
Esignia Video 1.5 :
,
64 bits.
,
MPEG-2, m2v, avi, asf, WMV, ..
4.6.5.3.3 MediaSec
H MediaSec
,
.
MediaSign Digital
.
4.6.5.3.4 Sealtronic
MagicTag Sealtronic
.
MT Video: MT Video ,
.
:
106
4.6.6
,
,
,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
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,
.
:
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.
2.
.
,
(
.). 72 - 100 dpi (dots per inch)
.
3.
,
,
.
,
.
4.
,
. ,
,
.
107
.
,
.
,
,
.
4.6.6.1 Fratelli Alinari [31]
Fratelli Alinari ,
1852
.
3.500.000 .
, 200.000,
Alinari
.
,
.
, Alinari
.
4.6.6.1.1
Alinari
,
.
,
. ,
Alinari
:
,
Alinari
.
,
.
4.6.6.1.2
108
Alinary
.
.
,
.
, 28.22 18.73
72 pixels/inch.
304 pixels/inch 3.34
3.17 .
,
.
4.6.6.1.3
Alinari
.
.
Alinari,
,
.
( ),
. Alinari
.
:
109
4-2: Alinari
,
.
Alinari
.
4.6.6.1.4
Alinari
.
.
.
,
Alinari .
,
.
. ,
, Alinari
. ,
110
,
. ,
, Alinari
,
.
4.6.6.2 Corbis [32]
Corbis
,
, , , ..
Corbis , , ,
., ,
. Corbis
,
,
, .
70
.
, Alinari
.
4.6.6.2.1
Corbis
.
(
)
.
Corbis :
,
:
,
,
111
,
.
4.6.6.2.2
,
,
.
Corbis ,
72 pixels/inch. 72 pixels/inch
,
.
4.6.6.2.3
Corbis
Alinari.
,
.
,
. Corbis
,
.
Corbis
.
:
112
4-4: Corbis
Corbis
,
.
Corbis
,
copyright . Corbis
,
.
.
4.6.6.2.4
Corbis
.
.
113
,
,
.
,
,
, Corbis.
4.6.6.3 Hermitage [22]
Hermitage
.
Hermitage
( 3.000.000 )
, 20
.
.
,
.
, Hermitage
.
,
.
.
.
Hermitage :
4.6.6.3.1
Hermitage.
.
Hermitage :
Hermitage
,
114
.
,
:
4-6: Hermitage
.
,
.
Hermitage,
.
4.6.6.3.2
. Hermitage
72 pixels/inch.
(800x600, 1024x768),
.
4.6.6.3.3
Hermitage
. Hermitage
.
Hermitage
,
115
, .
.
Picasso Monet,
.
4.6.6.3.4
Hermitage .
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
4.6.6.4
,
.
,
.
116
5 &
5
5
&
5.1
5.1.1
[33]
, ,
.
.
,
. ,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
(Digital Rights Management,
DRM)
. DRM ,
, , ,
,
. ,
DRM
. DRM
.
DRM
.
DRM ,
.
DRM .
117
5 &
5.1.2
,
.
&
:
, ,
.
.
:
.
, ,
.
( , ,
.).
:
.
(
).
DRM ,
,
.
118
5 &
5-1:
: ,
.
:
-
.
-
,
.
/ .
:
/
. ,
.
- /
119
5 &
.
.
.
:
/
. ,
,
.
-
,
(,
10
).
,
,
.
DRM .
,
. ,
,
..
,
,
. ,
()
.
.
.
. ,
DRM
.
5.1.3
120
5 &
DRM .
DRM :
/
5.1.3.1
DRM .
: ,
[34].
,
.
.
,
.
. ,
, .
5-2:
,
.
,
. ,
.
,
121
5 &
.
( / )
. , [35]
, ,
.
.
.
5-3:
(
) (
) . ,
(
) (
) .
.
. To ,
Umberto Eco,
, , . :
Umberto Eco
Andrew Birkin
:
To Harcourt
race 1983
Harvest Books
1994
Audio Renaissance
1995
:
122
5 &
on-line
.
,
.
.
5.1.3.2
.
.
.
Uniform Resource Identifiers [36] Digital Object Identifiers [37]
ISO International Standard Textual Work Code [38] ,
.
, .
.
.
, vCard [39]
( )
.
.
5.1.3.3 /
(
) , ,
. ,
,
, , /
.
.
.
123
5 &
5-4:
,
( ) 10
( ) ( ) 10
( ). , John, Mary Sue
( ) . ,
,
.
/.
124
5 &
5.1.4
. ,
, ,
,
.
.
,
. ,
,
.
.
MPEG-2, .
. ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
.
ISBN.
,
,
,
,
.
5.1.5
. OpenEBook Forum [40] MPEG Group [41]
. Internet Engineering Task Force [42]
DRM ,
World Wide Web Consortium [43]
.
DRM ,
,
.
DRM
. DRM
, ,
, ,
125
5 &
, ,
.
5.2
&
-MPEG21
.
, ,
,
, , ,
, .
.
,
.
,
.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
. (MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework
Initiative). [44, 45]
MPEG-21
,
.
, , , ,
MPEG-21 . ,
.
MPEG-21 :
( )
.
T? (,
, .)
? . o
MPEG-21
,
, .
MPEG-21
. ,
.
126
5 &
.
5.2.1
. ,
,
.
/, .
,
.
.
2 3 MPEG-21,
.
, .
5.2.1.1 Digital Item Declaration (MPEG 21 Part 2) -
127
5 &
:
.
:
DID, XML
.
: XML
DID.
DID.
.
(Container): Container
containers.
containers (packages)
( ) (shelves).
container , containers
/ containers.
(Item): - /
.
.
(choices),
.
- (
-).
:
.
(Component):
.
.
(,
bit rate, character set .)
.
, .
(Anchor):
.
(Descriptor):
. (
thumbnail ).
128
5 &
(Condition):
.
( AND ).
( Or ).
(Choice):
.
(
), ( ,
).
(Selection):
.
, ,
,
.
(Annotation):
.
(Assertion):
,
.
(Resource):
, , ,
. .
.
(Fragment):
(
).
(Statement):
, .
, .
(Predicate): ,
, .
,
DID (Digital Item Declaration).
129
5 &
MPEG-21,
.
,
,
.
130
5 &
131
5 &
DID
, (DESCRIPTORs).
,
.
MPEG21, URIs (Uniform Resource
Identifiers) & . URI
,
.
, URIs, MPEG-21
,
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) .
URL URIs
.
5.2.1.2.1
ISO / IEC-21000-3 URI
.
.
DII .
5-7: MPEG-21
(
on-line ).
132
5 &
5.2.1.2.2
MPEG-21
,
DII
. MPEG-21 DII
XML .
MPEG-21
International DOI Foundation.
5.2.1.3 Digital Object Identifier (DOI), International DOI Foundation (IDF) [37]
5.2.1.3.1
DOI,
.
. (
, , , , ),
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
. , 1998,
DOI (International DOI Foundation IDF)
,
,
. IDF
: Digital Object
Identifier (DOI).
DOI
.
.
133
5 &
.
.
.
5.2.1.3.2 DOI
DOI ,
(resolvable) ,
, .
:
: DOI
. DOI
:
.
,
.
, :
.
() ( URL).
,
, DOI .
:
(resolution),
.
DOI
.
DOI
( ) .
DOI
Handle (Handle System)
<indecs> [34]
.
IDF. IDF
,
.
134
5 &
5.2.1.3.3 DOI
DOI :
1. .
:
, DOI .
.
,
. URLs
.
2. , .
DOI
.
DOI ,
.
3. :
DOI (registration),
,
.
DOI
DOI .
().
(actionable) .
,
.
4. DOI
, .
(
ISBN, ISSN, ISRC
)
.
.
.
. DOI,
,
(
).
135
5 &
5. ()
,
.
.
6. DOI .
5.2.1.3.4 DOI
DOIs IDF (International DOI
Foundation) .
DOIs.
. (
). ,
DOI, ,
,
IDF.
DOIs,
IDF
.
,
DOIs
. DOI
DOI,
IDF (International D
Foundation).
DOI
DOIs.
DOIs
, DOI .
DOIs
( cent DOI)
IDF.
,
DOIs,
,
.
IDF,
.
136
5 &
5.2.2
137
5 &
.
,
,
, /
.
,
. ,
, .
, .
,
.
5.2.2.1 REL
,
.
, ,
,
7 6:00 ,
,
www.anyplace.com .
.
, ,
XML (eXtensible Mark-up Language),
W3C .
, ,
(
)
.
5.2.2.2 (MPEG-21
REL Data Model)
MPEG
.
.
MPEG REL assertion grant.
MPEG REL :
138
5 &
5-8: MPEG
(Principle)
, .
.
. ,
, .
. ,
.
.
,
.
,
,
/ .
.
139
5 &
(Right)
,
. . ,
.
MPEG REL
,
, ,
. MPEG REL
.
, MPEG REL
(, , .).
(Resource)
(, ,
.) .
( , ,
), ( .)
(
).
H MPEG REL ,
,
.
.
MPEG REL
.
(Condition)
,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
MPEG REL
, .
MPEG REL
. , MPEG REL
(,
).
REL
, (Rights Data Dictionary)
MPEG-21. To RDD
140
5 &
,
. RDD ,
REL
.
5.2.2.3 MPEG REL
MPEG-21 REL
48 .
,
. ,
(
),
(
).
.
, MPEG group
.
, .
XrML,
Xerox Parc 90.
XrML (..
),
, MPEG,
.
5.2.3
RDD
REL.
RDD , ,
REL. RDD
,
. RDD
. , RDD
,
, ,
141
5 &
.
RDD ,
RDD ( ),
. RDD
. ,
, ,
RDD.
RDD RDD .
, , . ,
RDD
. ,
.
, .
.
,
. ,
. ,
, , .
.
5.2.4
DRMs.
/
.
XML (eXtensible Markup
Language).
,
. , ,
,
, , /
, .
REL, XrML [www.xrml.org] & ODRL [www.odrl.net]
ContentGuard [www.contentguard.com]
142
5 &
REL XrML
.
5.2.4.1 ODRL (Open Digital Rights Language) [47, 48]
ODRL
,
. , ODRL
DRM .
DRM
.
DRM
.
,
.
DRM
, .
DRM
, [49].
,
[50]
DRM
.
ODRL
,
. , ODRL
.
ODRL
.
,
.
(format, TIFF)
.
ODRL :
.
.
(,
, , .).
143
5 &
, ODRL
.
. ,
,
.
DRM ,
.
.
,
.
ODRL.
ODRL
.
ODRL
.
:
o project <indecs> [34]
o Electronic Book Exchange Working Group [51]
o International Federation of Library Associations [35]
o DOI Foundation [37]
o ONIX International [52]
o Moving Pictures Experts Group [41]
o IMS Global Learning Consortium [53]
o Dublin Core Metadata Initiative [3]
o Propagate Project [54]
o OpenEBook Forum [40]
o Publisher Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata [55]
o Association of American Publishers [56]
o Digital Imaging Group [57]
ODRL
,
.
144
5 &
145
5 &
,
.
XrML.
.
,
. :
,
XrML 2.0,
. XrML
r.
,
XrML ,
XrML.
sx:
,
, .
XrML cx:
XML XML
. XML
.
, XrML
:
XrML
.
.
UDDI
(Universal Description, Discovery, & Integration).
SOAP (Simply Object Access Protocol).
5.2.4.2.2 XrML /
XrML
/
.
.
/ :
146
5 &
,
.
.
.
,
.
, . ,
.
.
/ .
5-9: XrML
5.2.4.2.3
.
,
.
:
147
5 &
5-10:
XrML 2.0 , ,
.
,
, .
5.2.4.2.4 XrML
XML
XrML MPEG-21 REL (Rights
Expression Language).
148
5 &
(Simple License)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--Copyright (C) 2001 ContentGuard Holdings, Inc. All rights reserved. "ContentGuard" is a
registered trademark and "XrML", "eXtensible rights Markup Language", the XrML logo and the
ContentGuard logo are trademarks of ContentGuard Holdings, Inc. All other trademarks are properties
of their respective owners. -->
<!--This example shows a simple right and condition-->
<license
xmlns="http://www.xrml.org/schema/2001/11/xrml2core"
xmlns:sx="http://www.xrml.org/schema/2001/11/xrml2sx"
xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:cx="http://www.xrml.org/schema/2001/11/xrml2cx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xrml.org/schema/2001/11/xrml2cx ..\schemas\xrml2cx.xsd">
<!-- A given keyholder can print this book before Christmas of 2001 -->
<grant>
<keyHolder>
<info>
<dsig:KeyValue>
<dsig:RSAKeyValue>
<dsig:Modulus>Fa7wo..</dsig:Modulus>
<dsig:Exponent>AQABAA==</dsig:Exponent>
</dsig:RSAKeyValue>
</dsig:KeyValue>
</info>
</keyHolder>
<cx:print/>
<cx:digitalWork>
<cx:locator>
<nonSecureIndirect
URI="http://www.contentguard.com/sampleBook.spd" />
</cx:locator>
</cx:digitalWork>
<validityInterval>
<notAfter>2001-12-24T23:59:59</notAfter>
</validityInterval>
</grant>
</license>
5-1: 1 XrML
.
.
.
. ,
. ,
149
5 &
not after
.
!--This license allows anyone to print the book "XrML Unleashed" for $2.00 (each print)-->
<license licenseId="http://www.xrml.org/examples/2001/11/payPerView-Use/1">
<!--Grant right to print copies for $2 each-->
<grant>
<forAll varName="anyone"/>
<!--This is saying that anyone can use this grant.-->
<principal varRef="anyone"/>
<!--The right to print the work is granted-->
<cx:print/>
<!--This is the eBook that we are giving access to. -->
<cx:digitalWork>
<cx:metadata>
<xml>
<cx:simpleDigitalWorkMetadata>
<cx:title>XrML Unleashed</cx:title>
</cx:simpleDigitalWorkMetadata>
</xml>
</cx:metadata>
<cx:locator>
<nonSecureIndirect
URI="http://www.contentguard.com/xrmlUnleashed.spd" />
</cx:locator>
</cx:digitalWork>
<!--$2.00 each-->
<sx:fee>
<sx:paymentPerUse>
<sx:rate currency="USD">2.00</sx:rate>
</sx:paymentPerUse>
<sx:to>
<!-- This is the info for the bank account that the
money needs to be paid to.-->
<sx:aba>
<sx:institution>139371581</sx:institution>
<sx:account>111111</sx:account>
</sx:aba>
</sx:to>
</sx:fee>
</grant>
</license>
5-2: 2 XrML
$2.
150
5 &
5.2.4.2.5 / XrML
SDK [60]
To API (Application Protocol Interface) XrML
,
/ .
(http://mpegrelsdkdemo.contentguard.com/OverviewPage.aspx)
ContentGuard Inc
XrML ,
.
XrML Xerox Palo Alto Center (PARC)
.
XrML ContentGuard, Inc.
,
Microsoft.
XrML
, MPEG-21, OASIS Rights Language Technical Committee
Open eBook Forum (OeBF). XrML
.
5.3
(DRMs)
,
.
,
. ,
.
,
,
.
5.3.1 Adobe Content Server 3.0 [61]
Adobe Content Server
, .
PDF (Portable Document Format)
(DRM). O Adobe Content Server
.
Server ,
Application Service Provider (ASP).
151
5 &
,
.
Adobe Content Server
RSA.
5.3.2
Microsoft
, ,
.
,
.
Microsoft
:
,
.
5.3.3
SynCast [63]
SynCast
.
SynCast
CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, (peer-to-peer
) .
SynCast . SyncCast DRM Dashboard
. SyncCast DRM
Packager
.
SynCast
.
152
5 &
5.3.4
EasyDRM [64]
.
,
:
:
.
.
DRM :
,
.
.
plug-in,
.
:
.
.
:
Server EasyDRM.
.
.
153
6
6
, .
,
, .. ,
.
.
:
, .
.
, .
.
,
.
.
.
.
6.1
154
. Dublin
Core 15 , 4
.
:
:
. ,
, , ,
.
: ,
, , .
:
.
( ,
, ).
: ,
.
Dublin Core,
.
.
6.2
.
, ,
155
,
.
DIG35 :
(Original Work Author):
(, ,
, .),
. ,
.
,
.
(Image Creator):
,
( ).
.
, , .
(Rights Holder):
.
,
,
..
,
. ,
.
.
(Represented Individuals):
.
,
.
,
.
6.2.2
.
. ,
(, ).
:
(Title): . ,
.
.
,
.
156
(Legend): .
.
. .
,
135 mm.
(Caption): .
(, Duder
). .
(Copyright):
. ,
.
copyright ..
.
6.2.3
.
. ,
, ,
, . ,
.
,
15 , , .
:
(Original Work Creation):
.
.
(Picture Taken):
.
.
(Scanned):
.
(Processed):
.
.
(Modified):
.
(Last Modified):
.
157
6.2.4
,
. ,
.
:
(Protection):
,
.
.
(Use Restriction): ,
,
,
.
(Obligation):
.
,
.
6.2.5
(Intellectual Property
Management & Protection) ECMS (Electronic Copyright Management System)
.
:
IPR (IPR Management System):
IPR
IRP (IPR Management system ID):
IPR
IPR (IPR Management System Location):
,
URL
6.2.6
(, )
.
,
.
. :
158
(Identifier):
.
DOIs (www.doi.org) Handles (www.handle.net).
(License Plate): To
ISO 10918-3.
.
6.2.7
.
.
,
, , ,
fax.
, , .
6.2.8
.
6.3
,
,
.
,
,
.
:
: (Names):
.
,
, ,
. :
159
(Original Work Author)
(Digitizer)
(, , , , )
(Rights Holder)
6-1:
: (Description):
.
(Copyright)
.
(,
)
6-2:
: (Dates):
(,
, .).
(Original Work Creation,
Date)
(Digitization Date)
(Last
Modified Date)
6-3:
: (Exploitation):
,
,
.
(Protection)
,
,
160
(Use Restriction)
(Obligation)
(,
,
,
.)
(,
)
6-4: ,
(Contact Point):
.
:
(Communication)
(,
, ,
fax .)
(, , .)
6-5:
( )
.
,
(mapping) .
6.4
. ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
161
. ,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
162
7
7
14
7.1
,
. ,
, , ,
..
,
.
,
.
. ,
,
.
,
. [65]
7.2
&
,
.
. ,
.
7.2.1
TRADEX
. ,
, :
14
,
[65]
163
,
. , :
:
, ,
.
:
. ,
,
.
:
,
( )
.
, .
:
:
7-1: TRADEX
TRADEX
, :
, ,
,
. ,
, .
: ,
164
, ,
.
TRADEX ,
, ,
,
TRADEX.
Digital Imaging Group DIG35
project
,
,
. 64-bit
License Plate (LP), . 64 bits, 16
, 16
32 .
LP, passwords,
. ,
.
,
.
.
TRADEX, ,
, . ,
, ,
.
. ,
, .
7.2.2
TNT
165
TRADEX,
, ,
, .
7.2.3
IPR Helpdesk,
projects
.
IPR Helpdesk
projects .
,
.
,
(FP5 FP6).
, projects
(RTD projects), FP5
FP6. , ,
,
FP5 FP6.
projects,
. ,
(patents, designs, trademarks, copyright ..).
, , FAQ .
(, ,
, , )
,
projects.
IPR Bulletin,
RTD,
.
7.2.4
IMPRIMATUR
project Imprimatur, ,
, .
upload
, (
) ,
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
project, .
:
: ()
166
:
( ).
:
:
:
:
:
, copyright
.
:
: ( ,
, ..)
7-2: Imprimatur
7.2.5
VERDI [68]
167
VERDI ,
,
.
, .
VERDI ,
.
, .
.
7-3: VERDI
,
. ,
( )
. ,
, .
,
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168
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http://www.biem.org
229