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Film
A16 mmspring-woundBolexH16 Reflex camera, a popular introductory camera in film schools
Film
encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as anartform, and themotion  picture industry. Films are produced by recordingimages from the world withcameras, or by creating images usinganimationtechniques or special effects. Films arecultural artifactscreated by specificcultures,which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important artform, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating— or indoctrinating— citizens. The visual elements of  cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by usingdubbingor subtitlesthat translatethe dialogue. Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these imagesare shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering betweenframes due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has beenremoved. Viewers perceive motion due to a psychological effect called beta movement.The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that  photographic film(also calledfilm stock ) had historically been the primarymediumfor recording and displaying motion pictures. Manyother terms exist for an individual motion picture, including
 picture
,
 picture show
,
 photo-play
,
 flick 
, and most commonly,
movie
. Additional terms for the field in general include
the big screen
,
the silver screen
,
the cinema
, and
the movies
.
History
Main article: History of film
Preceding film by thousands of years, playsanddanceshad elements common to film,scripts, sets,costumes, production,direction, actors,audiences, storyboards,andscores. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism applied, such as mise en scene (roughly, the entire visual picture at any one time). Moving visual and aural images were not recorded for replaying as in film. Near the year 1600, the camera obscura was perfected by della Porta.Light is inverted through a small hole or lensfrom outside, and projected onto a surface or screen, creating a moving image, but it is not preserved in a recording.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motionwere demonstrated with devices such as thezoetrope, mutoscope and  praxinoscope. These
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    Soubiraj

    How can i download? its not avail :(

    reply03 / 22 / 2010
    hy-pothesis

    could i download this file if you don't mind? SO I NEED YOUR HELP THANKS IN ADVANCE

    reply05 / 28 / 2009
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