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PRIMACY STUDIES

ANDHRA PRADESH

Maitreyi.Y 12AR60R21 Somreeta Das 12AR60R35

DYNAMICS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

PRIMACY STUDIES
The urban system of any region is characterised by the dominance of one city which is called 'primate city'. Primacy is present when the largest city is twice the population of the one that is second in the rank. A country's leading city is always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. The primate city is commonly at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant. - Mark Jefferson, 1939 Primacy exists when a system of small towns and cities is dominated by one large city (Jefferson, M. 1939). G. K. Zipf (1949) gave a mathematical explanation to the law of primate city. It is called rank-size rule. According to this if all towns in a region are arranged in descending order by population, the size of the town is 1/r the size of the largest town, according to the series 1, 1/2,1/ 3, 1/4........ 1/r.

Andhra Pradesh
Population (2011) Total Density HDI 84,655,533 310/km (800/sq mi) 0.572 (medium)
2

Developing Urban System in Andhra Pradesh

HDI rank
1. 2. 3. 4.

20th (2005)

Hyderabad Urban region covering Telangana area Vijayawada-Guntur region covering the Delta areas of Coastal Andhra Vishakhapatnam Urban region covering Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Vishakhapatnam. Kurnool-Nellore Urban region which covers entire Rayalaseema region.

Demographics

CITY / TOWN

POPULATION

RANK

Hyderabad
Vishakapatnam Vijayawada Warangal Nellore

68,09,970
17,30,320 14,91,202 7,59,594 5,64,148 4,78,199 4,71,100 4,59,985 4,42,936 2,39,374

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2011 Census

Rajamundry Guntur Tirupati Kakinada Vizianagaram

1971 Census

CITY / TOWN
Hyderabad Vishakapatnam Vijayawada Warangal

POPULATION
16,12,276 3,63,467 3,34,000 2,07,520

RANK
1 2 3 5

Nellore
Rajamundry Guntur Tirupati Kakinada Vizianagaram

1,13,600
1,89,000 2,69,900 71,700 1,64, 200 86,500

8
6 4 10 7 9

Andhra Pradesh

Source: (1991) (2001) (2011) Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner

Analysis for Primacy: City Ranks in 1971 and 2011


2000000 1500000 1000000 500000 0
Population of cities

1612276

CITY
1971
334000 269900 207520 189000 164200 113600 86500 71700

RANK AS PER POPULATION 1971 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

PROMOTION / DEMOTION

363467

Hyderabad Vishakhapatnam Vijaywada Warangal

1 2 3 5 8 6 4 10 7

8000000
Population of cities

Nellore
6809970

6000000

Rajahmundry Guntur

4000000
2000000 0

1730320 1491202 759594 564148 478199

2011
471100 442936 459985 239374

Tirupati Kakinada

Vizianagaram

10

Annexure 8.1. Source: Census of India, Government of India

Analysis for Primacy: Log Linear Relationship for 1971 & 2011 data
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
5.560465 5.31706 6.207439 5.523746 5.431203 5.276462 5.215373 5.055378 4.937016 4.855519

The primacy index can be calculated by the following formula: PI = C1/ (C1 + C2 + C3 + C4) * 100 In 1971, PI= 16,12,276/(16,12,276+ 3,63,467+ 3,34,000 + 2,07,520)*100 = 64 > 50 In 2011, PI= 68,09,970/(68,09,970+17,30,320+14,91,202+7,59,59 4)*100 = 63.1 > 50.

1971

8 6 4 2

6.2381264 6.8331452 6.1735365 5.7513931 5.6731131 5.646341 5.8805815 5.6627437 5.6796087 5.379077

Hence, Hyderabad is a Primate City


Vishakapatnam, Vijayawada and cities from the other growth regions do not follow the rank size rule.

2011

The order of primacy is much higher as compared to the ideal condition.

Annexure 8.1. Source: Census of India, Government of India

Inferences
-It is observed that the population of the Capital city of Hyderabad is much higher than the second and third rank cities (almost 4 times). - Post Independence, Hyderabad gained prominence from Telangana region only. - After formation of AP in 1956, there was a considerable shift from Andhra and Rayalaseema regions towards Hyderabad where many industries were setup and scope for job opportunities were higher. - Yet, Vishakapatnam retained its pace of growth being an important port town along the eastern coast.

- Vijayawada became a secondary centre for development as it emerged as an important railway junction connecting northern and southern parts of the country. Also it is an important commercial centre for the Andhra region.
- Similarly, Nellore is growth centre of Rayalaseema region. -Guntur, Vizianagaram and Kakinada portrayed a decline in population growth rate (relative) owing to the presence of higher order cities of Vijayawada and Vishakhapatnam in their vicinity. - In future, if a new state of Telangana emerges, it shall result in the development of Vijayawada and Vishakapatnam , as probable capitals for the state of AP. The speculations have triggered a population rise in these regions already. It is visible from the real estate pricing boom in these areas.

References
Annexure 8.1. Source: Census of India, Government of India Census of India Website (1991) (2001) (2011) Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner Census of India 1931, 1971 Provisional Population Tables 1991 Mongabay.com

Thank You

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