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[VinaEbookChemistryHere]Hoá và vi sinh vật nước
Tác giả: ThS. Trương Minh Trí Trường Cao đẳng Xây dựng số 3 ...
From clayqn88
TR\u01af\u1edcNG\u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC C\u1ea6N TH\u01a0
KHOA N\u00d4NG NGHI\u1ec6P V\u00c0 SINH H\u1eccC\u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG
GI\u00c1O TR\u00ccNH
C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 CH\u1ebe BI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee6Y H\u1ea2I S\u1ea2N
M\u00c3 S\u1ed0: CB349
Bi\u00ean s\u1ecdan: Ths.PHAN TH\u1eca THANH QU\u1ebe
N\u0103m 2005
1
M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U
\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1eddbi\u1ec3n d\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, ao h\u1ed3n\u00ean
vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n\u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n cho nhu c\u1ea7u\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 ph\u1ef1c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac.
Khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 thu h\u1ecdach t\u1ed1t ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n
\u0111\u1ec1c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u01b0a s\u1eed
d\u1ee5ng\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t\u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y.
Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ngu\u1ed3n\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n\u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai tr\u00ean 20% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 protein c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m,\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean\u0111\u1ebfn 50%. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecbt c\u00e1 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt gia s\u00fac ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 protein c\u1ee7a th\u1ecbt c\u00e1 c\u00f3\u0111\u1ea7y\u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c l\u1ecdai axit amin, m\u00e0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f3\u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c axit amin kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf. Th\u1ecbt c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb th\u01a1m ngon, d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, d\u1ec5 h\u1ea5p thu.
D\u1ea7u c\u00e1 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p lipid cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sinh h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t cao,
\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1th\u1ec3.
Ngo\u00e0i ra, lipid c\u1ee7a\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u vitamin A v\u00e0 D.
Trong\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n
thi\u1ebft cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.
C\u00e1 v\u00e0\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c\u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef trong th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t\u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5\u01b0\u01a1n h\u1ecfng, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
\u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e2u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t khi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec
kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
Nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.
V\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u00e0m gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u00f3\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1nh, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1nh\u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n.
Gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn\u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n sau khi ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ea c\u1ee9ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, bi\u1ebfn\u0111\u1ed5i do vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb\u0111\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p
\u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft, s\u01a1ch\u1ebf, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebfv\u00e0
k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn\u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn
nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau.
Sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m
th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.
V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y
ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, x\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i,\u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebfbi\u1ebfn l\u1ea1nh
\u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n - th\u1ebfm\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1ee7u Long.
2
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea6N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00c0 T\u00cdNH
CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A\u0110\u1ed8NG V\u1eacT TH\u1ee6Y S\u1ea2N
1.1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a
th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng
1.1.1 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m: n\u01b0\u1edbc, protein lipid, mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1, vitamin... C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, thay\u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng, lo\u00e0i, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh,\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng,... Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c\u0103n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng\u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc,\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0\u1edf c\u00e1 nu\u00f4i. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o\u0111\u00f3.
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 v\u00e0\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m
c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t.
B\u1ea3ng 1.1. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (t\u00ednh theo % c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u01b0\u1edbt) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt b\u00f2
C\u00e1 (phi l\u00ea)
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n
T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u
Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng
T\u1ed1i\u0111a
Th\u1ecbt n\u1ea1c b\u00f2
Protein
6
16 \u2013 21
28
20
Lipid
0,1
0,2 \u2013 25
67
3
Carbohydrate
-
< 0,5
-
1
Tro
0,4
1,2 \u2013 1,5
1,5
1
N\u01b0\u1edbc
28
66 \u2013 81
96
75
S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn\u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng\u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1\u1edf t\u1eebng c\u01a1 quan, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau
B\u1ea3ng 1.2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 (%)
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n
Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau
N\u01b0\u1edbc
Protein
Lipid
Mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1
Th\u1ecbt c\u00e1
48 \u2013 85,1
10,3 \u2013 24,4
0,1 \u2013 5,4
0,5 \u2013 5,6
Tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1
60 - 70
20 - 30
1 - 11
1 \u2013 2
Gan c\u00e1
40 - 75
8 - 18
3 - 5
0,5 \u2013 1,5
Da c\u00e1
60 - 70
7 - 15
5 - 10
1 - 3
B\u1ea3ng 1.3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n
Th\u00e0nh
ph\u1ea7n
Lo\u00e0i
Protein
%
Lipid
%
Glucid
%
Tro
%
Canxi
mg%
Phosphat
mg%
Fe
mg%
M\u1ef1c
17-20
0,8
-
-
54
-
1,2
T\u00f4m
19 -23
0,3 \u2013 1,4
2
1,3 \u2013 1,8
29 - 30
33-67
1,2-5,1
H\u00e0u
11-13
1 - 2
-
2,2
0,21
-
-
S\u00f2
8,8
0,4
3
4
37
82
1,9
Trai
4,6
1,1
2,5
1,9
668
107
1,5
of 00
cnchebienthuyhaisan
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Info and Rating
| Category: | Uncategorized. |
| Rating: | (1 Rating) |
| Upload Date: | 02/19/2009 |
| Copyright: | Attribution Non-commercial |
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Mình đang làm một đè tài về enzyme collagenase, nếu bạn nào có tài liệu xin share cho mình với nhé, cám ơn nhiều lắm. chúc mọi người một ngày tốt lành!