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; nArAyZ dym^ ;
; Fy
{ nm, ;
; Fmt
nArAyZAy nm, ;
aTv
rh-y
ur KX
; F nArAyZ dym^ ;
ydd
[y
-mg}A-mgo/-mvZ
m
",o/\ tdpAEZ-pAdm^ .
En(y\ EvB\ sv
gt\ ss#m\ td&yy\ ytyoEn\ pErp[yEt DFrA, ; MU(1-1-5.)
and (LH). But some hymns
omposed by great a
haryas or saints later on
that were outpourings of intense devotion also
arry the appellation
stotram. The popular Kanakadhara Stotram by Shri Shankara
harya and
Hayagriva Stotram by Shri Vedanta Desika are examples of this kind.
But the borderline has be
ome grey with the result that nowadays any
hymn is being
alled a stotram.
WHY RECITE STOTRAM? :- Let us brie
y dis
uss as to why should one listen
to and re
ite stotras. Our s
riptures repeatedly state that the birth
as a human being is very rare and so immensely valuable. Rarer still
are the desire for liberation and asso
iation of noble souls They urge
us to appre
iate the fa
t and make best use of our birth as humans .
dl
B\ /ym
{vt
vAng}h-htkm^ .
mn y(v\ mm"(v\ mhApzqs\y, ;VC(No.3)
aAhAr-EndA-By-mHykAEn sAmAym
tt^ pfEBn
rAZAm^ .
bEEh
t
qAmEDko Evf
qo b^yA EvhFn, pfEB, smAn, .
GOALS - The goals may vary from one person to the other and so
an
be numerous. But our sages have analysed these numerous goals and
divided them into four
ategories. They are (1) dharma, (2) artha or
material a
quisitions like wealth, house, family et
., (3) kama or
sense pleasures that wealth and other material a
quisitions mentioned
earlier
an provide and nally (4) moksha or liberation. These are known
as pzqATA
,sin
e thay are sought after by people. aT
,= goal.
(1) Dharma - Performing a
tions as pres
ribed by our s
riptures
is
alled dharma. One who wants to move up the spiritual path is enjoined
to follow the injun
tions, though they may super
ially appear to be
illogi
al or in
onvenient. Going against them is termed as a sinful
a
t and will lead to one's downfall. Krishna states this
learly in BG (16-23,24).
y, fA-/EvEDm(s>y vt
t
kAmkArt, .
n s EsEmA=noEt n sK\ prA\ gEtm^ ; 23;
t-mA-QCA-/\ mAZ\ t
kAyA
kAy
-&yvE-TtO .
+A(vA fA-/EvDAno?t\ km
kt
EmhAh
Es ; 24;
This is awful. So, our s
riptures do not
onsider the three goals as
ommonly understood as real goals. Only liberation or moksha is said to
be the real goal sin
e after attaining moksha one es
apes the agony of
samsara. Therfore it is known as the supreme goal or prmpzqAT
, .
Samsara implies being born, growing up, going through the ups and
downs of life, growing old and dying only to be born again. Liberation is
freedom for ever. So it be
omes the duty of every intelligent person to
work for liberation and not keep on wallowing in samsara. Keeping the
above fa
ts in mind, the s
riptures dene the purpose of the goals in
a very dierent manner. They ask us to use these three goals for
a
hieving spiritual progress in order to es
ape samsara. One should
do dharma to earn wealth whi
h should be used to earn religious merit
and not for enjoying sensuous pleasures. The goal of dharma should be
kept as spiritual progress. The aim of kama should not be taken as
enjoying sense pleasures but should just be keeping the body and soul
together. The aim of keeping the body and soul together should be to
strive and learn about the way to liberation and not strive to attain
transient pleasures like the enjoyment in heaven et
.
The devotees of the Lord were very
lear about the above fa
ts. For
example, Kulasekhara de
lares that he is not interested in the three
goals - dharma, artha and kama. He says that let events, good or bad,
happen a
ording to karmas he had done. He prays to the Lord to grant
him unwavering devotion to His lotus like feet in this and in future
births. (Mukundamala).
nA-TA Dm
n vsEn
y
n
{ v kAmopBog
y&y\ Bvt Bgvn^ pv
kmA
n!pm^ .
et(ALy
\ mm bhmt\ jmjmAtr
_Ep
(v(pAdAMBozhyggtA EnlA BE?tr-t ;
y y mn ym
t--tO s\prF(y EvEvnE?t DFr, .
yo Eh DFro_EB ys
vZFt
yo mdo yog"
mAt^ vZFt
;
He tells Arjuna: " whatever you do, whatever you eat, whatever sa ri es you
attainment. They are des
ribed in texts like Viveka Chudamani and Tattva
Bodha. They are more elaborately des
ribed by Krishna in
hapter 16 of
Bhagavat Gita. He
alls them as {dvF s\pt^or divine qualities
They are ne
essarily to be a
quired by one stepping on to the path
of liberation. {dvF sMpEmo"Ay.says Krishna. BG(16-5).
It is di
ult to a
quire these virtues by pra
ti
e. But one need
not despair and refrain from making any attempt in this dire
tion. Our
shastras are aware of this problem and provide an attra
tive solution
to the seemingly di
ult problem. They say that one who worships the
Lord regularly and pra
tises devotion to Him gets over the di
ulties
with His gra
e and a
quires the quali
ations as by-produ
ts. He will,
therefore progress without mu
h eort on the spiritual path. Krishna
makes this assuran
e. BG(18-55).
The easiest methods of worship are listening to His glories as des
ribed
in stotras, puranas et
., or
hanting stotras or repeating His names by way
of doing japa. That is why in the introdu
tion to Vishnu Sahasranama we nd
Yudhistira asking Bhishma for a simple method that will give one freedom
from samsara. Ek\ jpmQyt
jt, jms\sAr-bDnAt^.
Bhishma answers that the best and also the simplest method to tide over
all kinds of sorrows, in
luding samsara, is re
iting the hymns that sing
the praise of the Lord. lokAy"\ -tvE(y\ sv
d,KAEtgo
Bv
t^.and
eq m
sv
DmA
Z\ Dmo
_EDktmo mt, .
y?(yA pXrFkA"\ -tv
{ r
r, sdA ;
Eh\sAEd-pzqAtr-d&yAtr-dfkAlAEd-EnymAnp
"(v\
aAED?y
kArZm^ .That is, this method does not involve
ausing injury
The reason is, that by pra
tising devotion to God one gets the four
quali
ations ne
essary to progress on the spiritual path that
ulminates
-v-vZA
mDm
Z tpsA hEr-toqZAt^ .
sADn\ Bv
t^ p\sA\ {vrA`yAEd-
tym^ ;
hymns in puranas. Our a
haryas and other devotees have also
ontributed
many hymns. The re
ital of su
h hymns is the easiest and best method of
worshipping Him and a
quire purity of mind by purging it of sins. Be
ause
of these reasons, the Lord has the name py, evm^ -mrZAEd kv
tA\
sv
qA\ py\ krotFEt py, .VS(925) Thus re
iting hymns or
just listening to them is eminently suitable for people in this modern
age as they are pressed for time.
SUMMARY: To summarise the above,
we should rst realise that the human birth is an invaluable asset.
Our s
riptures say that one gets it after many births as other beings as
birds, beasts, plants et
., depending on our karma sto
k. So, we should
grab the opportunity with both hands and work assiduously for liberation.
If we fail to do so, then the loss is immense sin
e we do not know what
our next and subsequent births will be and when we will get another birth
as a human being again and will be able to work our way up. At this point
there may be an argument. One may say that he will do lot of good karmas,
earn plenty of merit or punyam and as a result gain birth in higher worlds. This
may be in the world of gods su
h as Indra and may be even in that of Lord
Brahma the
reator. There one
an have a great time, full of enjoyment
and also work for liberation in su
h a wonderful environment. This is
not a wise argument, say our a
haryas. The upanishad says that the vision
of the Self
an be had
learly in the mind, as in a mirror, only in this
world. It
annot be had
learly in the world of Gandarvas, manes and gods
like Indra. These worlds are meant for enjoyment of pleasures got as a
result of many good karmas. The mind that is behind the senses will,
therefore, be pulled in many dire
tions. The image of the Self will
onsequently be s
attered like the re
e
tion on the surfa
e of water
that is agitated by the wind and so not
lear. One will be unable to
yTAdf
tTA__(mEn yTA -v=n
tTA Eptlok
.
yTA_=s prFv ddf
tTA gDv
lok
CAyAtpyoErv b}lok
;
If one misses the
han
e to attain liberation in this world, then
he
an get a
han
e to get vision of the Self
learly only in the
Brahma Loka. But that world is the highest one and very di
ult to
attain. It
an be rea
hed only by numerous spe
ial kinds of rites
and meditation. Therefore one should leave no stone unturned to
attain liberation in this world itself. Krishna tells Uddhava that,
sense-enjoyments
an be had in any body, but realisation
an be had only
with the human body. So, keeping in the mind the fa
t that the human
body is fragile, one should make haste and strive for liberation here
itself. BH(11-9-26).
Shri Shankara
harya, in his
ommentary to the above verse quoted from
the KU (II-III-5) makes a subtle observation. The upanishad says that
the vision of the Self may be had distin
ly, as in a mirror, in our
intelle
t in this world. The idea, he says, is that the re
e
ton will
be distin
t in a mirror, only when it is spotlessly
lear. Similarly,
the mind, in order to be able to re
e
t the Self
learly, should rst be
made absolutely
lear by the performan
e of pres
ribed duties, prayers,
meditation et
. -vbO aAdf
vEm
l-BtAnA\ EvEv?tmA(mno
df
n\ BvtF(yT
, .Then, with the guidan
e of a guru and
following his instru
tions one
an progress towards liberation.
NARAYANA HRIDAYAM AND LAXMI HRIDAYAM:- Narayana Hridayam (NH) and
Laxmi Hridayam (LH) form a pair of very valuable and sa
red hymns. NH is the
shorter one. It
onsists of only 37 verses. LH is longer and
onsists of 108
verses. The word ( dym^) hridayam is popularly taken to mean the
heart. The word also is used to mean se
ret, true or divine knowledge.
Being hymns found in the Veda the Narayana Hridayam and Laxmi Hridayam
Stotras are highly e
a
ious. They are san
tifying as was said
of Shri Rudram earlier. They also
ontain re
ondite vedanti
truths
whi
h may be found in the upanishads, puranas, Bhagavad Gita et
. These
truths are also to be seen in other stotras and in the hymns of later
a
haryas. l#mFdyk
-to/
sv
myt^ kAEftm^ . (NH - 33).
So, to des
ribe them as hridayam is very apt. They are, therefore,
very pre
ious. For these reasons they are
onsidered very sa
red and
therefore se
ret - not to be easily given out. go=ym
t(sdA kyA
t^
n sv
/ kAfy
t^ . says Narayana Hridayam (34) in its later
part. Be
ause of this restri
tion these stotras were handed down from a
worthy guru to deserving dis
iples only. They were not freely available
The supreme Being, known as Brahman, when asso
iated with maya is known as
Ishvara or Maheshvara and be
omes the
ause of the universe through the agen
y of
Maya. mAyA\ t kEt\ EvAmAEyn\
mh
rm^ .says
the Svetasvataropanisad (4-10). Everything is born of Prakriti. Maya,
in Sanskrit, is of femenine gender. So, it is spoken of as the
onsort
of the Lord, Mother Goddess or Lalitha, Lakshmi et
. Thus, though they
are spoken as two items, they are indeed one indivisible Brahman only.
Shri Shankara
harya says this in his Saundaryalahari (sloka No.97).
hr
, p(nF\ pA\ hrsh
rFmEdtnyAm^ .
trFyA kAEp (v\ drEDgm-En-sFm-mEhmA
mhAmAyA Ev\ B}myEs prb}-mEhEq ;
He says that wise people who are well read in the s
riptures say that You are
Sarasvati the
onsort of Brahma the
reator; again they say You are Laxmi
10
the
onsort of Hari and also You are Parvati the
onsort of Siva. You are beyond
the three and are the limitless One who is very di
ult to rea
h. You
are the Maya who makes the entire universe go round and round.
Thus, Ishvar and Maya are inseparable and are known as the parents
of the universe. This
on
ept is depi
ted in our shastras as Ardhanariswara in
whom both Siva and Parvati share half of one body.
The poet Kalidasa says this in the invo
atory verse to
his immortal
lassi
Raghuvamsam as follows. vAgTA
Evv s\p?tO
vAgT
Etpy
. jgt, EptrO vd
pAv
tFprm
rO ;He
salutes Parvati and Parameswara who are the parents of the Universe and
who are (inseparably) united like the spee
h and its sense. Prakriti or
maya named variouly as Parvati or Laxmi is the
reative power of the Lord.
He indeed is the
auseless
ause of everything that are the produ
ts or
ee
t. It is to be noted that the properties of the
ause will be there
in the produ
ts. Thus, ornaments made of gold will have the properties of
gold. Gold has no form but the ornaments are many and have dierent forms
and names. Same is the
ase with vessels made of
lay and so on. In the
same way, Lord is the
ause of everything. The visible universe
ontains
numerous items, right from Brahma the
reator to insigni
ant inse
ts
and inanimate things. But they are all manifestations of the Lord only,
but they all bear dierent forms and names. This is brought out in verse
No. 3 to 18. These verse say that there is nothing apart from Him and all
were His manifestations only. For this reason these verses are very signi
ant.
The words used herein will sound familiar sin
e they are same as the
verses in the Narayana Suktam said along with the Purusha Suktam.
The verses are:
These verse are eminently suitable for meditating on the Lord who is
des
ribed as being the
ause of the universe. From Him only even the
reator Brahma and other gods were born. HE is every thing. There is
none greater than Him. He is the goal and He is the one who
an
onfer
the supreme goal of moksha and other goals spoken of earlier. So, He is
11
the one to be meditated upon. These verse are followed by ten verses
by whi
h one surrenders to the Lord and seeks His gra
e.
The nal part says that this stotram is to be re
ited rst, to be
followed by the re
ital of Laxmi Hridayam and again the re
ital of
this stotram. This is not to be re
ited separately as a single pie
e.
This is to stress the fa
t that Lord Narayana and Laxmi are indeed one
though spoken of as two dierent deities.
CONCLUSION. It will be evident from what is said here that both the NH
and LH are valuable hymns and like veritable mines of pre
ious gems.
An interested reader will be able to nd more gems if he digs deep into them.
The greater benet will be, that by re
iting them regularly, one will develop
devotion to Divine Couple, Lord Narayana and Goddess Laksmi,
and reap their abundant gra
e.
Now follows the NARAYANA HRIDAYAM stotram.
; : t(st^ ;
12
; nArAyZ dym^ ;
hEr, aom^ ; a-y FnArAyZ-dy--to/-mhAm\/-y BAg
v Eq,,
an=Cd,, l#mFnAryZo dvtA, nArAyZ-F(yT
jp
EvEnyog, ;
; kryAs, ;
nAryZ, pr\ >yoEtErEt aA<yA\ nm,,
nArAyZ, pr\ b}
Et tj
nF<yA\ nm,,
nArAyZ, pro dv iEt mymA<yA\ nm,,
nArAyZ, pr\ DAm
Et anAEmkA<yA\ nm,,
nArAyZ, pro Dm
iEt kEnEkA<yA\ nm,,
Ev\ nArAyZ iEt krtlkrpA<yA\ nm, ;
; ayAs, ;
nArAyZ, pr\ >yoEtErEt dyAy nm,,
nArAyZ, pr\ b}
Et Efrs
-vAhA,
nAryZ, pro dv iEt EfKAy
{ vOqV^,
nArAyZ, pr\ DAm
Et kv
Ay hm^,
nArAyZ, pro Dm
iEt n
/A<yA\ vOqV^,
Ev\ nArAyZ iEt a-/Ay PV^,
BB
v-svroEmEt Ed`bD, ;
; aT yAnm^ ;
uAdAEd(ysAf\ pFtvAs\
tB
jm^ .
f
gdApAEZ\ yAy
Sl#mFpEt\ hErm^ ; 1;
{ lo?yADAr
\ tdpEr kmW\ t/
AntBogF
/
tmy
BEm-pAf-EfKrd\ kEZ
kABt-m
zm^ .
t/(y\ fAtmEt
\ mEZmy-mkV\ kXloAEstA\
l#mF-nArAyZAHy\ srEsj-nyn\ s\tt\ E
tyAm, ; 2;
a-y FnArAyZAdy--to/-mhAm/-y b}A Eq,,
anp^ Cd,, nArAyZo dvtA, nArAyZ-F(yT
jp
EvEnyog, ;
: ; nArAyZ, pr\ >yoEt-rA(mA nArAyZ, pr, .
nArAyZ, pr\ b} nArAyZ nmo_-t t
; 3;
nArAyZ, pro dvo DAtA nArAyZ, pr, .
nArAyZ, pro DAtA nArAyZ nmo_-t t
; 4;
nArAyZ, pr\ DAm yAn\ nArAyZ, pr, .
nArAyZ pro Dmo
nArAyZ nmo_-t t
; 5;
nArAyZ, pro dvo EvA nArAyZ, pr, .
13
15
16