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SECTION 15.1 (PAGE 811)
R. A. ADAMS: CALCULUS
CHAPTER 15. VECTOR FIELDS
Section 15.1 Vector and Scalar Fields
(page 811)
1.F=x i+x j.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx
x=dy
x, i.e.,dy= dx. The \ufb01eld
lines arey= x+ C, straight lines parallel toy= x.
y
x
Fig. 15.1.1
2.F=x i+yj.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx
x=dy
y.
Thus lny= lnx+ lnC, ory= Cx. The \ufb01eld lines are
straight half-lines emanating from the origin.
y
x
Fig. 15.1.2
3.F=yi+x j.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx
y=dy
x.
Thusx dx= y dy. The \ufb01eld lines are the rectangular
hyperbolas (and their asymptotes) given byx2\u2212y 2=C.
y
x
Fig. 15.1.3
4.F= i+sinx j.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx=dy
sinx.
Thusdy
dx=sinx. The \ufb01eld lines are the curves
y=\u2212cos x+ C.
y
x
Fig. 15.1.4
5.F=ex i+e\u2212x j.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx
ex=dy
e\u2212x.
Thusdy
dx=e\u22122x. The \ufb01eld lines are the curves
y=\u221212e\u22122x+C.
y
x
Fig. 15.1.5
6.F=\u2207(x2 \u2212y) =2x i\u2212 j.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx
2x=dy
\u22121. They are the curves
y=\u22121
2lnx+ C .
y
x
Fig. 15.1.6
570
INSTRUCTOR\u2019S SOLUTIONS MANUAL
SECTION 15.1 (PAGE 811)
7.F=\u2207ln(x2 +y2) =2xi+ 2yj
x2+ y2.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx
x=dy
y. Thus they are radial
linesy= Cx (andx= 0)
y
x
Fig. 15.1.7
8.F=cosyi\u2212cosx j.
The \ufb01eld lines satisfydx
cosy=\u2212dy
cosx, that is,
cosx dx+ cosy dy= 0. Thus they are the curves
sinx+ siny= C .
y
x
Fig. 15.1.8
9.v(x ,y ,z)=yi\u2212yj\u2212yk.
The streamlines satisfydx=\u2212dy=\u2212dz. Thus
y+ x= C1, z+ x= C2. The streamlines are straight
lines parallel toi\u2212 j\u2212 k.
10.v(x ,y ,z)=x i+yj\u2212x k.
The streamlines satisfydx
x=dy
y=\u2212dz
x. Thus
z+ x= C1,y= C2x. The streamlines are straight half-
lines emanating from thez-axis and perpendicular to the
vectori+ k.
11.v(x ,y ,z)=yi\u2212x j+ k.
The streamlines satisfydx
y=\u2212dy
x=dz. Thus
x dx+ y dy=0, so x2+ y2= C2
1. Therefore,
dz
dx=1y=
1
\ue000C2
1\u2212x2
.
This implies thatz= sin\u22121x
C1+C2. The streamlines
are the spirals in which the surfacesx= C1sin(z\u2212 C2)
intersect the cylindersx2+ y2= C2
1.
12.v=
xi+ yj
(1+z2)(x2+ y2).
The streamlines satisfydz= 0 anddx
x=dy
y. Thus
z= C1andy= C2x. The streamlines are horizontal
half-lines emanating from thez-axis.
13.v=xzi+yzj+x k. The \ufb01eld lines satisfy
dx
xz=dy
yz=dz
x,

or, equivalently,dx/x= dy/y anddx= z dz. Thus the
\ufb01eld lines have equationsy= C1x, 2x= z2+ C2, and are
therefore parabolas.

14.v=exyz(x i+y2j+zk). The \ufb01eld lines satisfy
dx
x=dy
y2=dz
z,
so they are given byz= C1x, ln|x|=ln |C2|\u2212(1/y)(or,
equivalently,x= C2 e\u22121/y ).
15.v(x,y)=x2i\u2212yj. The \ufb01eld lines sat-
isfydx/x2= \u2212dy/ y, so they are given by
ln|y| =(1/x )+ ln|C|, ory= Ce1/x .
16.v(x ,y )=x i+(x +y)j. The \ufb01eld lines satisfy
dx
x=dy
x+ y
dy
dx=x+ y
x
Lety= xv(x)
dy
dx=v +xdv
dx
v+xdv
dx=x(1+ v)
x
=1 +v.
Thusdv/dx= 1/x, and sov(x )= ln|x| +C. The \ufb01eld
lines have equationsy= x ln|x |+Cx.
17.F=\u02c6
r+r\u02c6
\u03b8. The \ufb01eld lines satisfydr= d\u03b8 , so they are
the spiralsr=\u03b8 + C.
18.F=\u02c6
r+\u03b8\u02c6
\u03b8. The \ufb01eld lines satisfydr= r d\u03b8/\u03b8 , or
dr/r= d\u03b8/\u03b8, so they are the spirals r= C\u03b8.
19.F=2\u02c6
r+\u03b8\u02c6
\u03b8. The \ufb01eld lines satisfydr/2=r d\u03b8/\u03b8 , or
dr/r=2d\u03b8/\u03b8, so they are the spirals r= C\u03b82.
20.F=r\u02c6
r\u2212\u02c6
\u03b8. The \ufb01eld lines satisfydr/r= \u2212r d\u03b8 , or
\u2212dr/r2 =d\u03b8, so they are the spirals 1/r =\u03b8 +C, or
r=1/(\u03b8 + C).
571
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