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Introducere \u00eenGeometriaVariet\u02d8

a\u00b8tilor Torice

MarianAprodu

SNSB2005\u2013 2006

2

Cuprins

Introducere.

5

1 No\u00b8tiunideGeometrieAlgebric\u02d8

a.

9

1.1 Variet\u02d8

a\u00b8ti A\ufb01ne. De\ufb01ni\u00b8tii \u00b8

si Exemple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2 TopologiaZariski.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3 Inele de coordonate. Mor\ufb01sme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.4 Structura de spa\u00b8tiu inelat pe ovarietate a\ufb01n\u02d8

a. ............ 16

1.5 Variet\u02d8

a\u00b8ti abstracte.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.6 Aplica\u00b8tiira\u00b8tionale. .......................... 24 1.7 Normalitate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.8 Dimensiune. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.9 Spa\u00b8tiultangenta\ufb01n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.10 Diferen\u00b8tiale \u00b8

si spa\u00b8tiul tangent Zariski. ................ 30

2 No\u00b8tiunideGeometrieConvex\u02d8

a.

35

2.1 ConuriPoliedrale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2 Conuri Duale. Teorema lui Farkas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.3 ConuriAscu\u00b8tite.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2.4 Construc\u00b8tiaPractic\u02d8

a a Conurilor Duale. ............... 49

2.5 ConuriPoliedraleRa\u00b8tionale. ..................... 51

3 Variet\u02d8

a\u00b8ti Torice A\ufb01ne.

55

3.1 Spa\u00b8tiulA\ufb01nRe\u00eenc\u02d8

arcat.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3.2C-Algebra Asociat\u02d8

a unui Monoid. .................. 56 3.3 MonoiziAsocia\u00b8tiConurilor. ..................... 57 3.4 Variet\u02d8

a\u00b8ti Torice A\ufb01ne.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

3.5 Deschi\u00b8

si A\ufb01ni Principali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3.6 Structuri Suplimentare pe oVarietate Toric\u02d8

a A\ufb01n\u02d8

a. ......... 63

3.7 NetezimeaVariet\u02d8

a\u00b8tilor Torice A\ufb01ne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

4 Variet\u02d8

a\u00b8ti Torice Abstracte.

67

4.1 SeparareaConurilor. ......................... 67

4.2 Variet\u02d8

a\u00b8ti Torice Abstracte. ...................... 68

4.3 ExempledeVariet\u02d8

a\u00b8ti Torice. ..................... 69

4.4 Ac\u00b8tiunea Toruluin-dimensional pe oVarietate Toric\u02d8

a.. . . . . . . . 72

4.5 Mor\ufb01smeTorice. ........................... 72

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