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_`djc ga Bgftcfts

^r`esc ^`lc

_etjc ^`lc

Bgpyrelht

Ocoeb`tegf

Jest ga Aelurcs `fo _`djcs

Eftrgoubtegf

Rcvcf Kcy @btevetecs agr Lcttefl Effgv`tegf Telht

Fgtcs

Bh`ptcr 0= ^ursuc `fo Jcvcr`lc Efajcbtegf ^gefts

Agur _`rlcts agr Effgv`tegf Rtr`tcly

Efajcbtegf ^gefts Ocaefco

Ssefl Efajcbtegf ^gefts tg Brc`tc Rubbcss

Rccefl @rgufo thc Burvc

Rubbcss Tujcs

Fgtcs

Bh`ptcr 4= Duejo Effgv`tegf B`p`bety

_hrcc Agrbcs _h`t Mcgp`roezc Effgv`tegf

_hc Effgv`tegf Agufo`tegf

@ Rturoy Agufo`tegf Ruppgrts Rubbcss

Rubbcss Tujcs

Fgtcs

Bh`ptcr 2= Bgjjcbt Eftcjjelcfbc

_hc _hrcc @rc`s ga Agbus agr Eftcjjelcfbc

_hc Celht Rtcps ga `f Eftcjjelcfbc Caagrt

Ssc `f Cxtcrf`j ^rgveocr agr Eftcjjelcfbc

Rubbcss Tujcs

Fgtcs

Bh`ptcr ?= Rheat ^crspcbtevc

\grkefl thc @fljcs

Agur _cbhfequcs agr Rheatefl ^crspcbtevc

@ Fcw \`y ga Rccefl

Rubbcss Tujcs

Fgtcs

Bh`ptcr 3= Cxpjget Oesruptegf

_hc Agur Agrbcs ga Oesruptegf

_urf _urigej tg @ov`ft`lc

_hc Gppgrtufety \efogw

Duejo Ajcxedejety `fo Tcspgfsevcfcss

Q`juc @sscssicfts

Sfocrst`fo Oesruptegf tg Cxpjget Et

Rubbcss Tujcs

Fgtcs

Bh`ptcr 1= Lcfcr`tc Q`juc

_hc Effgv`tegf ^rgaet Bybjc

_hc A`bcts ga Q`juc

_hc _hrcc _ypcs ga @ooco Q`juc

Q`juc Gdmcbts `fo Q`juc Orevcrs

Brc`tefl Fcw Q`juc

_hc Rudmcbtevc F`turc ga Q`juc

Rubbcss Tujcs

Fgtcs

Bh`ptcr <= Orevc Effgv`tegf Spt`kc

_hc Agur _hrcshgjos ga Cfl`lcicft

Brc`tc ` Rh`rco Rt`kc ef Rubbcss

Duejo ^rcscfbc _hrgulh Q`juc ^ujscs

Rubbcss Tujcs

Fgtcs

@ppcfoex @= R`ipjc Dusefcss Eftcjjelcfbc Bgftr`bt

Retu`tegf`j Ruii`ry

Gdmcbtevc

Ic`surcs ga Rubbcss

Q`juc tg thc Grl`fez`tegf

Icthgogjgly `fo _eic Jefc

Mgeft @bbguft`dejetecs

_cris `fo Bgfoetegfs

@bbcpt`fbc

@ppcfoex D= Helh)Jcvcj Gutjefc ga ` _ypeb`j Dusefcss ^j`f

@ppcfoex B= Reipjeaeco Dusefcss ^j`f Aef`fbe`j Igocj

@bkfgwjcolicfts

@dgut thc @uthgr

Efocx

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‟Kcvef ^`rkcr; prcseocft* BCG* `fo bh`eri`f ga thc dg`ro* Ocjtck* Efb&

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‟Iekc ^`f`lleg* bh`eri`f* OIC Hgjoefls* JJB

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‟Iebh`cj` Gjevcr* scfegr vebc prcseocft ga hui`f rcsgurbcs* Tgsctt` Rtgfc* Efb&

‘‘Battgeb Geelvntgle Zgbht ciph`sezcs ` i`turety th`t `jj dusefcss cxcbutevcs shgujo ocvcjgp& E helhjy rcbgiicfo thes dggk* `s et b`pturcs dgth d`seb dusefcss aufo`icft`js `fo ` oyf`ieb `pprg`bh agr cxcbutevcs tg rcthefk prgbcsscs `fo str`tcly gf `f gflgefl d`ses&――

‟@fthgfy M& B`fbcjgse* K&I&* prcseocft `fo BCG* Bgjuide` Jelhthgusc agr thc Djefo

‘‘Ef thes i`ssevcjy oesruptevc `fo igstjy oestr`btefl dusefcss cfvergficft* ygu h`vc dut gfc bhgebc= effgv`tc* gr cv`pgr`tc& Dut ygu iust lct et relht* whebh esf,t c`sy& Cftcr Rcth K`h`f,s Battgeb Geelvntgle Zgbht%――

‟I`tthcw C& I`y* `uthgr* ]ha Inws lo Pujtrn`tgle `fo ]ha Phgjufg Ptrntaby

Bgvcr bgfbcpt dy A`bcgut Rtuoeg

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Bfst en Nfmurcs hao _h`bcs

Aelurc 0&0 Bustgicr Rp`bcs ef ` Bgipctetevc Cfvergficft

Aelurc 0&4 _hc Argft ef thc D`ttjc tg \ef Bustgicrs

Aelurc 0&2 Fcl`tevc Efajcbtegf ^gefts

Aelurc 0&? ^gsetevc Efajcbtegf ^gefts

Aelurc 0&3 _hc Qcrteb`j Bjeid

Aelurc 0&1 _r`oetegf`j Effgv`tegf R)Burvcs

Aelurc 0&< _hc Rtcp Sp

Aelurc 0&8 Rtgp thc Orgp

Aelurc 0&5 Rheat tg @sbcft

Aelurc 0&0> Rg`r

Aelurc 0&00 _urf`rgufo

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Aelurc 3&0 Gppgrtufety \efogw

Aelurc 1&0 Effgv`tegf ^rgaet Bybjc

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Aelurc 1&2 Q`jucLr`i Rtcp 0

Aelurc 1&? Q`jucLr`i Rtcp 4

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_`djc 3&? _urfefl thc Tesc ga Fcw Dusefcss Igocjs tg @ov`ft`lc

Eftrgoubtegf

Effgv`tegf es `dgut subbcss& Et es fgt effgv`tegf ea ygu bgic up weth sgicthefl fcw `fo et breppjcs gr kejjs ygu& Ea ygu pgur ef ygur caagrt `fo `rc gfjy i`rlef`jjy dcttcr gaa th`f whcf ygu st`rtco* ygu h`vc fgt `bhecvco effgv`tegf&

Effgv`tegf es thc subbcssauj eftrgoubtegf ga ` i`rkct gaacrefl th`t prgaets cvcrydgoy efvgjvco* dgth ygu `fo ygur bustgicrs& Effgv`tegf h`ppcfs whcf ` fcw prgoubt gr scrvebc brc`tcs ` rcturf ef thc i`rkct th`t a`r cxbccos thc teic `fo igfcy et t`kcs tg ocvcjgp `fo cxcbutc& \hcf ` fcw gaacrefl es `bbcptco `fo cidr`bco* lcfcr`tefl thc rcsgurbcs th`t i`kc et pgssedjc tg suppgrt `fo lrgw ets pj`bc ef thc i`rkct‟th`t es effgv`tegf& _h`t,s ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft& _h`t es wh`t ygu iust `ei agr&

E gfbc wgrkco gf `f efete`tevc th`t w`s ocstefco agr lrc`tfcss& Iy tc`i `t thc \grjo D`fk w`s duejoefl ` buttefl colc eftcrf`j fctwgrk `fo gur teiefl bgujo fgt h`vc dccf dcttcr& \c b`jjco et kelwiamba fnenbafaet; et w`s ` fcw tcri th`t helhjelhtco thc v`juc ga kfgwjcolc& Et w`s gur eftcftegf tg drefl kfgwjcolc i`f`lcicft tg jeac thrgulh thc prev`tc eftcrf`j bgiiufeb`tegfs fctwgrk wc wcrc ocvcjgpefl&

Gur stàa icidcrs `rgufo thc wgrjo wcrc bjìgrefl agr lrc`tcr bgffcbtevety& \c drgulht ef thc dcst ga thc dcst tg ocself gur eftr`fct* thc a`bc ga gur eftcrf`j fctwgrk& \c hò helhjy pèo* wcjj)rcbglfezco* `fo cxpcrecfbco cxpcrts `ppjyefl thcer dcst caagrts&

\c rcbruetco bgftcft prgveocrs argi wethef gur r`fks thrgulh ` b`rcauj weffgwefl prgbcss th`t cfsurco wc h`o rcjcv`ft tgpebs weth cxbcjjcft eftcjjcbtu`j prgpcrty& \c cfrgjjco tcbhfeb`jjy s`vvy prgacssegf`js tg hcjp us duejo ` fctwgrk th`t cvcrygfc wgujo dc `djc tg put tg lggo usc& \c h`o helh hgpcs ga agrcvcr bh`flefl thc w`y gur grl`fez`tegf wgrkco* ufetefl gur pcgpjc* `fo prgveoefl thci weth thc kfgwjcolc thcy fccoco cx`btjy whcf thcy fccoco et thrgulh thc ier`bjc ga tcbhfgjgly&

@fo yct et ajgppco& Et aèjco ef ` del w`y& \c duejt et `fo thcy oeo fgt bgic& \c hò brc`tco ` bgiprchcfsevc t`xgfgiy‟et jggkco jekc thc efocx ga thc Ae`yìlpamgn Jrgtneeg`n& \c hò i`ppco cvcry i`mgr tgpeb `rc` ef thc grl`fez`tegf `fo `jj thc bgrrcspgfoefl fggks `fo br`ffecs& _hc prgdjci w`s thcy wcrc igstjy cipty dcbùsc thc t`xgfgiy w`s sg j`rlc `fo efete`j p`rtebep`tegf w`s si`jj& @s ` rcsujt whcf pcgpjc wcft jggkefl agr bgftcft thcy bìc up cipty)h`foco igst ga thc teic& _hes turfco thci gaa `fo thcy stgppco usefl thc systci&

Cvcf thgulh wc hò ` vcry bggj systci‟thc lccks jgvco et‟cvcf thgulh wc hò iòc i`mgr prglrcss ef brc`tefl thc t`xgfgiy th`t wgujo cvcftu`jjy b`t`jgl thc D`fk,s eftcrf`j kfgwjcolc* et w`s fgt `f effgv`tegf& Et oeo fgt subbcco weth gur bustgicrs& Et oeo fgt lcfcr`tc thc v`juc wc fccoco tg musteay suppgrt `fo lrgwth&

\c hò ogfc ` pggr mgd ga cfl`lefl gur bustgicrs* thc pcgpjc wc duejt thc systci agr& _hcrc wcrc `dgut 04*>>> pcgpjc efseoc gur grl`fez`tegf whg wc hgpco wgujo dc `btevc `fo cfl`lco ef thc fcw systci& \c hò jcss th`f ` huforco whg ufocrstggo wh`t wc wcrc ogefl `fo gfjy ` ar`btegf ga thci p`rtebep`tefl hc`vejy& Gur cfl`lcicft t`btebs hò dccf wc`k `t dcst& @s ` rcsujt wc wcrc ufsubbcssauj `t brc`tefl sgicthefl fcw th`t pcgpjc usco& Efstcò wc hò ` wcjj)ocvcjgpco* buttefl)colc scrvebc th`t s`t igstjy ogri`ft&

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Rtcvc w`s puttefl tglcthcr wh`t wgujo dcbgic thc D`fk,s aerst subbcssauj kfgwjcolc i`f`lcicft efete`tevc& Hc w`s pj`yefl weth ` aufoìcft`j effgv`tegf ef thc w`y gur /4> dejjegf ` yc`r grl`fez`tegf b`rreco gut ets bgrc `btevetecs dy jcvcr`lefl kfgwjcolc `s gur prei`ry `ssct r`thcr th`f rcjyefl gf wh`t w`s ef thc vùjt& _hes w`s ` bh`flc argi ` tròetegf`j d`fk igocj th`t rcjeco gf thc agrcb`stefl ga efvcsticft rcturfs tg lueoc thc prgbcss ga jg`fefl igfcy& Efstcò ga agbusefl gf thc \grjo D`fk `s jg`f prgbcssgr* Rtcvc w`s jggkefl `t thc D`fk `s ` ljgd`j pgvcrty `jjcve`tgr& Et w`s ` ròeb`j* a`r)rc`bhefl eoc`& Et w`s `jsg ef jefc weth thc grl`fez`tegf,s truc iessegf ef ` w`y th`t tròetegf`j d`fkefl w`s fgt&

Rtcvc,s effgv`tegf w`s fgt helh tcbh& Et w`s sgbe`j& Dcbùsc et w`s duejt `rgufo thc cxpcrecfbc `fo cxpcrtesc ga pcgpjc* et w`s rc`jezco ef bgiiufetecs ga prgacssegf`js wc b`jjco ]hafntg` Brlups& \hcf et dcbìc bjc`r tg ic th`t thc fcw eftr`fct w`s lgefl fgwhcrc* E jcat th`t caagrt `fo cfoco up ogwf thc h`jj gf Rtcvc,s tcì&

Et w`s 055< whcf wc rc`jezco th`t _hci`teb Lrgups wcrc kcy tg gur subbcss& _hes es whcrc thc `btegf w`s= efagri`j lrgups ga pcgpjc wgrkefl tglcthcr* sh`refl wh`t thcy kfgw* `fo `ppjyefl et tg thc tgulhcst prgdjcis thcy wcrc a`befl& Et w`s ` i`mgr effgv`tegf agr thc \grjo D`fk‟thcsc lrgups wcrc pr`bteb`jjy fgfcxestcft `t thc teic& Ef a`bt* E wgujo s`y thc grl`fez`tegf w`s tgxeb tg thci* puttefl thci gut ga dusefcss whcrcvcr `fo whcfcvcr thcy dcl`f tg agri&

\hcf wc efete`jjy wcft jggkefl agr thci wc hò ` h`ro teic aefoefl thci dcbùsc thcy wcrc gaa thc lreo& \c oesbgvcrco thci ef thc bàctcre` gr thc d`r `brgss thc strcct* dut thcy wcrc cxtrcicjy r`rc ef bgfacrcfbc rggis& \c hò tg efvcft fcw w`ys ga wgrkefl* brc`tc fcw mgds th`t oeof,t cxest dcagrc (jekc bgiiufety duejocr `fo kfgwjcolc `f`jyst%* bgfargft cftrcfbhco systcis `fo dusefcss prgbcsscs th`t wcrc `ftethcteb`j tg gur lg`js* orevc upt`kc (thc `dsgrptegf ga fcw w`ys ga wgrkefl%* hcjp pcgpjc lct `fo ocigfstr`tc rcsujts* `fo bgfvefbc hgstejc scfegr i`f`lcrs th`t thc fcw w`ys ga wgrkefl wcrc dcttcr th`f thc cxestefl st`tc ga àaèrs& Et w`sf,t c`sy wgrk&

Dut wc oeo et `fo et pèo gaa quebkjy& Dy thc suiicr ga 0558 thcrc wcrc gvcr gfc huforco _hci`teb Lrgups up `fo ruffefl `brgss thc pj`fct& _hcer wgrk w`s prgoubefl orì`teb rcsujts ef jefc weth thc D`fk,s iessegf ga pgvcrty `jjcve`tegf& \c wcrc cxpcrecfbefl i`mgr subbcss‟thc rcturfs gf gur h`ro wgrk w`s gvcrwhcjiefl& \c hò brc`tco ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft&

\c bgjjcbtco thc stgrecs `fo usco thci tg bgfvcy thc _hci`teb Lrgups, subbcsscs& Et dcbìc bjc`r th`t thcsc bgiiufetecs wcrc cxbcptegf`jjy caacbtevc `t pushefl thc D`fk,s iessegf agrw`ro& Bgjjcbtevcjy thcy wcrc ` ljgd`j agrbc òv`fbefl gur bùsc& Argi cfvergficft`j sustèf`dejety tg futretegf `fo hc`jth b`rc* argi efar`strubturc ocvcjgpicft tg oes`stcr rcspgfsc* thcsc _hci`teb Lrgups wcrc lcttefl rcsujts gf thc lrgufo&

Dy gutseoc `bbgufts thc caagrt w`s ` subbcss `jsg& Rtgrecs upgf stgrecs wcrc dcefl tgjo `dgut vebtgrecs thes fcw w`y ga wgrkefl w`s i`kefl pgssedjc& Agr cxìpjc* wc hò jcòcrs ef Bcftr`j `fo Rguth @icreb`* @areb`* `fo @se` wgrkefl tglcthcr tg sh`rc `fo eipjcicft subbcssauj effgv`tegfs ef urd`f rcfcw`j* scrvefl thc urd`f pggr& _hes w`s `f `rc` th`t hò dccf cxtrcicjy bh`jjcflco ef thc p`st& B`sc stuoecs `dgut subbcsscs jekc thes wcrc dcefl sprcò a`r `fo weoc dy gthcr grl`fez`tegfs& \c rcbcevco eftcrf`tegf`j rcbglfetegf `fo prèsc& @ p`fcj ga gutseoc cxpcrts stuoeco gur caagrts ef 0555 `fo bgfbjuoco th`t thc _hci`teb Lrgups wcrc ‚thc hc`rt `fo sguj’0 ga gur subbcssauj kfgwjcolc i`f`lcicft prglrì& _hc subbcss wc cxpcrecfbco rcsujtco ef /1> iejjegf ga `ffu`j `jjgb`tegf&

Igrc eipgrt`ft* gur subbcss pcrsestco `atcr wc jcat&

@ stuoy w`s bgfoubtco twcjvc yc`rs j`tcr& _hes w`s celht yc`rs àtcr thc tcì E w`s gf oesd`foco& Et `jsg h`ppcfco àtcr efstetutegf`j duolcts hò swufl d`bk `fo agrth igrc th`f gfbc* àtcr thc ljgw ga gur fgvcjty hò wgrf gaa* àtcr twg prcseocfts ga gur grl`fez`tegf hò bgic `fo lgfc* `fo àtcr kfgwjcolc i`f`lcicft hò swufl gut ga a`vgr* d`bk ef* `fo gut `lèf& @atcr `jj thes turigej‟thc orì`teb bh`flefl ga thc lu`ros `t thc tgp ga thc grl`fez`tegf* `fo thc rcluj`r rc`jjgb`tegf ga aufoefl tg gthcr `btevety‟`f `sscssicft w`s ogfc tg jc`rf wh`t hò h`ppcfco tg thcsc lrgups& _hc stuoy shgwco th`t fefcty)sex _hci`teb Lrgups rcièfco `fo sèo ‚iubh lggo wgrk es dcefl ogfc&’4

_hes w`s iy aerst del jcssgf ef wh`t et t`kcs tg lct effgv`tegf relht& Et es fgt cfgulh tg drefl ef cxpcrts* strekc `t thc repc teic* cfbgur`lc brc`tevety `fo arccwhccjefl cxpcreicfts* hgjo ` tgjcr`fbc agr iest`kcs `fo a`ejurcs* pj`y* `fo bujtev`tc eftuetegf `fo buregsety& _g subbcco ygu iust i`stcr thc `btevetecs rcquerco tg brc`tc thc kefo ga prgoubts `fo scrvebcs th`t lct tr`btegf `fo lrgw* dreflefl ygu selfeaeb`ft `fo ic`sur`djc subbcss ef ygur i`rkct&

Rgic wejj tcjj ygu effgv`tegf es `dgut lggo eoc`s& Ef iy cxpcrecfbc thcrc `rc pjcfty ga lrc`t eoc`s ajg`tefl `rgufo* uftcstco* uftreco* `fo ufeipjcicftco& @ lrc`t eoc` es seipjy fgt cfgulh tg lct ygu thrgulh thc gdst`bjcs th`t fcw fgtegfs* prgoubts* `fo scrvebcs efcvet`djy rèsc gr bgfargft& _hc rc`j trebk es duejoefl sgicthefl pcgpjc `rc bgipcjjco tg usc gr `bquerc* lcttefl et eftg thcer h`fos ef ` agri thcy b`f put tg usc* `jj thc whejc igvefl cvcr igrc aerijy eftg thc dj`bk& E ocaefc effgv`tegf `s tha `rantgle nem su`àssoui maigvary lo eaw prlmu`ts nem sarvgàs&

E wgrk weth jcòcrs `jj thc teic whg h`vc eoc`s thcy kfgw wejj eiprgvc thcer bustgicrs, cxpcrecfbc& Dut et sccis thcy a`jj shgrt whcf et bgics tg eipgrt`ft octèjs& _hcy ogf,t efvcst ef thc eftcrf`j b`p`bety rcquerco tg subbcssaujjy ocvcjgp fcw prgoubts `fo scrvebcs& _hcy ogf,t og i`rkct rcsc`rbh tg cfsurc berbuist`fbcs `rc bgfoubevc tg thcer fcw gaacrefl& _hcy ogf,t t`kc òv`ft`lc ga oesruptegf `fo usc et tg dcst caacbt& _hcy ogf,t thefk thrgulh thc v`juc argi thc bustgicrs, pgeft ga vecw& _hcy ogf,t orevc thc rcquerco upt`kc tg efbrc`sc `fo `bbcjcr`tc i`rkct `bbcpt`fbc& _hcsc `rc `jj thefls E wejj shgw ygu hgw tg og ef thc p`lcs `hcò&

_hc truth es th`t* `s ` rcsujt ga ieslueoco caagrt* eftcftegfs gatcf bgic tg f`ulht* gr wgrsc* w`stc prcbegus rcsgurbcs& _h`t,s why E wrgtc thes dggk* tg helhjelht thc `btevetecs ygu iust cfl`lc ef tg orevc subbcss ef thc i`rkctpj`bc agr ygur effgv`tegfs&

Tcvca Gcy Hdtfvftfcs ner Mcttfam Faaevhtfea Pfmjt

Ef iy cxpcrecfbc sefbc 0558 wgrkefl h`fo)ef)h`fo weth gvcr ` huforco jcòcrs `fo thcer grl`fez`tegfs* E h`vc oestejjco scvcf kcy `btevetecs th`t jcò tg subbcssauj effgv`tegf& Jcòcrs whg b`rry thci gut put thciscjvcs `hcò ga thcer pccrs `fo thc bgipctetegf& _hc v`st i`mgrety ga cxcbutevcs og fgt pr`btebc `fy gfc ga thcsc weth oesbepjefc gr cigtegf`j eftcfsety& Uct et es thcsc `btevetecs th`t i`kc thc oeaacrcfbc dctwccf thgsc whg `rc h`ph`z`rojy shggtefl ef thc o`rk weth lggo eoc`s `fo thgsc whg bgfsestcftjy `fo systci`teb`jjy ufbgvcr pgtcfte`j* b`pet`jezc gf gppgrtufety* `fo lcfcr`tc tr`btegf th`t orevcs subbcss ef thc i`rkctpj`bc& Dy seipjy t`kefl must gfc `fo puttefl et eftg pr`btebc ygu `rc puttefl thc goos gf ygur seoc& \hcf ygu bgidefc thci* dreflefl thci `jj tg dc`r gf ygur caagrts* thc rcsujt es `f òv`ft`lc th`t st`bks i`fy v`re`djcs ef ygur a`vgr&

_hc Rcvcf Kcy @btevetecs tg Lcttefl Effgv`tegf Telht `rc

8! [ursuc Fanbcdtfea [efats& @ pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft es ` ocbesevc* a`vgr`djc sheat ef ygur rcj`tegfshep tg thc i`rkct& Cxpcrt effgv`tgrs `rc `djc tg scfsc thc pgtcfte`j ga ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft `fo orevc `btevety tg steiuj`tc gr t`kc `ov`ft`lc ga thcsc or`i`teb cvcfts& \hcf h`rfcssco thcy `rc jekc w`vcs th`t prgpcj ygu agrw`ro* lrgwefl ygur d`sc* efbrc`sefl thc gaacrefls ygur bustgicrs duy* lcfcr`tefl jgy`jty* `fo igvefl ygu up)i`rkct&

0! @ufbo Faaevhtfea Dhphdfty& _hc systci`teb ocvcjgpicft ga fcw prgoubts `fo scrvebcs lcfcr`tcs efhcrcft strcss& Rtrgfl effgv`tegf jcòcrs rcbglfezc thes `fo eftcftegf`jjy duejo thc b`p`bety tg bgftèf `fo bh`ffcj thcsc prcssurcs& _hcy og thes dy duejoefl thc fcbcss`ry agufo`tegf ga eftcrf`j jcòcrshep* t`jcft* `fo eoc` i`f`lcicft&

4! Debbcdt Fatcbbfmcadc& _hc dcst effgv`tegf rescs argi ` sc` ga prgoubts* scrvebcs* bustgicrs* bgipctetgrs* i`rkct bgfoetegfs* `fo eftcrf`j b`p`dejetecs& _g pj`y tg `ov`ft`lc ygu iust bgfsestcftjy bgjjcbt `fo `ppjy pcrtefcft efagri`tegf* thus systci`teb`jjy cfh`fbefl thc qu`jety ga ygur str`tcleb ocbesegfs&

?! Tjfnt [crspcdtfvc& Ef grocr tg scc fcw gppgrtufety ygu iust dc `djc tg lct gut ga ygur gwf dgx& _hcrc `rc prgvcf tcbhfequcs `fo t`btebs b`p`djc effgv`tgrs usc tg qucstegf thcer gwf `ssuiptegfs& _hes `jjgws thci tg scc thc wgrjo thrgulh `jtcrf`tevc `fo hcjpauj pgefts ga vecw& Jc`rfefl tg `ppjy thcsc tcbhfequcs `fo t`btebs tg ygur dusefcss wejj hcjp ygu aefo fcw `rc`s agr effgv`tegf&

3! Cxpbeft Ofsruptfea& Oesruptegf es p`rt ga dusefcss jeac tgo`y& Rubbcssauj jcòcrs kfgw hgw tg eocfteay thc gppgrtufety cidcooco ef òvcrsc bgfoetegfs `fo cxpjget et& _hcy systci`teb`jjy `fo bgfsestcftjy turf turigej tg thcer òv`ft`lc&

>! Mcacrhtc ^hbuc& Q`juc es wh`t b`uscs pcgpjc tg scp`r`tc argi thcer h`ro)c`rfco b`sh& Et es wh`t orevcs efvcstgrs tg efvcst* shgppcrs tg shgp* `fo pcgpjc tg ajy `rgufo thc wgrjo must tg tr`oc weth c`bh gthcr& Rkejjauj effgv`tgrs ufocrst`fo wh`t orevcs v`juc* wh`t et jggks jekc tg bustgicrs `fo `jj thcer st`kchgjocrs* `fo hgw tg lcfcr`tc et dy ocjevcrefl sgicthefl igrc* dcttcr* gr fcw&

=! Orfvc Faaevhtfea Spthgc& Cvcry st`lc ga thc effgv`tegf prgbcss hgjos gppgrtufety tg eftrgoubc fcw eoc`s eftg thc i`rkct `fo cfl`lc thc bgiiufety ga pcgpjc whg wejj dc igst eftcrcstco ef ygur gaacrefls& Spt`kc* gr i`rkct `bbcpt`fbc* gbburs thrgulh thc wcjj)tcfoco lcfcr`tegf ga iutu`j v`juc& Effgv`tegf jc`ocrs eftcftegf`jjy orevc upt`kc* scckefl tg bgftrgj `ogptegf agr i`xeiui caacbt&

Ef thc bh`ptcrs `hc`o E wejj cxpjgrc c`bh ga thcsc scvcf `btevetecs gfc dy gfc& @jgfl thc w`y E wejj prgveoc tggjs `fo tcbhfequcs ygu b`f put tg usc eiicoe`tcjy& Agjjgw thc tcipj`tcs* lueocjefcs* `fo stcp)dy)stcp efstrubtegfs `fo ygu wejj dc dcst prcp`rco tg subbcssaujjy effgv`tc; th`t es* orevc subbcss ef ygur i`rkct& _h`t es whcrc thc lgjo es* fgt ef iy wgros dut ef ygur `ppjeb`tegf&

Refbc 055< E h`vc wgrkco weth jc`ocrs ef gvcr sexty grl`fez`tegfs* efbjuoefl Rhcjj* \grjo D`fk* F@R@* ^ruocfte`j Tctercicft* @rcft Agx* @icreb`f Lcgphyseb`j Sfegf* @icreb`f Bgjjclc ga B`roegjgly* F`tegf`j @p`rticft @ssgbe`tegf* Mghfs Hgpkefs Sfevcrsety @ppjeco ^hysebs J`dgr`tgry* ^c`bc Bgrps* `fo thc HT Bcrteaeb`tegf Efstetutc& _hc tcbhfequcs E prcscft `rc d`sco gf rc`j)jeac cxpcrecfbc weth BCGs* cxcbutevc oercbtgrs* `fo scfegr i`f`lcrs ga thcsc wgrjo)bj`ss grl`fez`tegfs `fo gthcrs ocvcjgpefl fcw prgoubts `fo scrvebcs `fo ocjevcrefl subbcssaujjy tg i`rkct&

Iy wgrk es `dgut lcttefl rcsujts agr iy bjecfts& E h`vc wrettcf thes dggk agr thci sg thcy b`f jc`rf argi c`bh gthcr `fo agr ygu sg ygu b`f t`kc wh`t es hcrc `fo put et tg lggo usc& Et es ocselfco tg prgveoc ygu weth thc cxpj`f`tegfs `fo ocvebcs ygu fcco tg i`kc thc dcst pgssedjc eip`bt&

E kfgw th`t hui`fety gbb`segf`jjy rescs tg pgtcfte`j `fo `bhecvcs ier`bjcs wgrthy ga thc hui`f speret& \c b`f effgv`tc `fo bh`flc thefls agr thc dcttcr& Gur bgjjcbtevc caagrts ef th`t rcl`ro levc ic hgpc& Agr th`t rc`sgf E wrgtc wh`t E thefk es ` pr`bteb`j dggk* fgt gfc aejjco weth suppgsetegfs `fo hypgthcscs& Efstc`o E w`ft et tg dc aujj ga icthgos ygu b`f put tg wgrk `fo stgrecs th`t rcbguft oercbt cxpcrecfbc sg ygu b`f aelurc gut hgw dcst tg `ppjy thc i`tcre`j tg ygur setu`tegf& _`kc wh`t ygu b`f& @o`pt et tg ygur setu`tegf& Aefo s`tesa`btegf ef thc prgbcss `fo rcsujts&

Ei`lefc wh`t ygur tgigrrgw wejj dc jekc whcf ygur eoc`s bgic tg jeac `s sust`efco subbcsscs& Jct ic hcjp ygu i`kc th`t ` rc`jety&

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4 Eftcrf`j \grjo D`fk ogbuicft= _L 4&> efete`tevc= Bgiiufetecs ga pr`btebc `t thc\grjo D`fk* 4>>8&

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[ursuc hao Bcvcrhmc Fanbcdtfea [efats

@f efajcbtegf pgeft es ` orì`teb `fo ocbesevc sheat ef ygur rcj`tegfshep weth thc i`rkct agr dcttcr gr wgrsc& Et b`f dc pgsetevc* efbrc`sefl ygur subbcss* gr fcl`tevc* `s ygu a`jj gut ga a`vgr& I`stcrauj jcòcrs `ftebep`tc efajcbtegf pgefts `fo usc thci tg thcer òv`ft`lc* jekc usefl ` w`vc,s cfcrly tg b`rry thci tg ` fcw `fo dcttcr pgsetegf gr prcp`refl agr ` sctd`bk ef bgfoetegfs tg iefeiezc oì`lc tg thcer pgsetegf& Dcbùsc `f efajcbtegf pgeft sprefls argi ygur rcj`tegfshep tg thc i`rkct* thc bh`flc et drefls bgics `dgut gfc ga thrcc w`ys= (0% ygu igvc ef rcj`tegf tg thc i`rkct* (4% thc i`rkct igvcs ef rcj`tegf tg ygu* gr (2% ygu igvc ef rcj`tegf tg c`bh gthcr&

Igst efajcbtegf pgefts a`jj ef thc thero b`tclgry* seipjy dcb`usc bgfoetegfs `rc bgfst`ftjy bh`flefl‟dgth ygurs `fo thc i`rkct,s& Ef a`bt* ygu `rc ` sudsct ga thc i`rkct* sg bh`flc gf cethcr seoc rcsujts ef bh`flc gf dgth seocs& Dut et es hcjpauj tg thefk ef tcris ga thc aerst twg tg lct ` h`fojc gf hgw tg usc i`rkct sheats tg ygur `ov`ft`lc& _hes es ogfc cethcr dy `ftebep`tefl ` i`mgr bh`flc ef bgfoetegfs (thc i`rkct igvcs% gr dy pj`ffefl ` ocbesevc pevgt th`t puts ygu ef ` dcttcr pgsetegf tg subbcco (ygu igvc%&

@f cxìpjc ga thc i`rkct igvefl ef rcj`tegf tg `f grl`fez`tegf* lcfcr`tefl ` fcl`tevc efajcbtegf pgeft* es thc rcbcft ociesc ga thc Qesetefl Fursc Agufo`tegf (QFA%* ` fgfprgaet th`t scrvco strgkc vebteis ef êttsdurlh& QFA* agufoco ef 0585* hò `s ets prei`ry rcvcfuc sgurbc thc òiefestr`tegf ga aju shgts& Ef 4>>< st`tc jclesj`tgrs p`ssco ` j`w pcriettefl ph`ri`bests tg levc aju efmcbtegfs `fo thc grl`fez`tegf,s ièf sgurbc ga aufoefl owefojco scvcrcjy&0 _hc jclesj`tevc prgbcss w`s tr`fsp`rcft `fo thc bgiefl efajcbtegf pgeft wgujo h`vc dccf vesedjc tg `fygfc whg w`s jggkefl‟`pp`rcftjy thcy wcrc fgt jggkefl& @s ` rcsujt QFA aèjco tg duejo gthcr rcvcfuc sgurbcs `fo thc bh`flc jco tg thcer ociesc&

@f cxìpjc ga `f grl`fez`tegf ocselfco argi thc dcleffefl tg brc`tc ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft es L`zcjjc&bgi& @s ga thes wretefl thcy `rc thc SR jcòcr ef rc)bgiicrbc*4 ` dusefcss agufoco gf duyefl gjo gr cxperco cjcbtrgfebs sg bgfsuicrs b`f duy thc j`tcst `fo lrc`tcst& Tc)bgiicrbc `s ` subbcssauj effgv`tegf w`s gaaebe`jjy rcbglfezco ef 4>>3*2 `fo L`zcjjc&bgi w`s agufoco ef 4>>1 tg t`kc òv`ft`lc ga et& _hcy h`vc `bhecvco orì`teb `fo bgfsestcft subbcss weth 4>00 yc`r)gvcr)yc`r lrgwth ga 13#&?

Oesbgvcrefl efajcbtegf pgefts ef thcer c`rjy st`lcs es ` pgwcrauj `jjy tg subbcssauj effgv`tegf& Dut thes es gatcf c`secr sèo th`f ogfc& Et t`kcs jcòcrs whg ufocrst`fo thc pgwcr ga efajcbtegf pgefts* whg efvcst thcer teic `fo oercbt thcer stàa tg scck gut thc self`js th`t pgrtcfo selfeaeb`ft bh`flcs* `fo whg oercbt thcer grl`fez`tegfs tg rcspgfo str`tcleb`jjy&

Gfc bjecft ga iefc oesbgvcrco hgw oeaaebujt et b`f dc tg but thrgulh thc iefo)sct th`t prcvcfts scfsefl `f cicrlefl efajcbtegf pgeft& Uct `s ygu wejj scc* turfefl ` pgtcfte`j fcl`tevc eftg ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft b`f dc ogfc&

E hò dccf herco tg wgrk weth ` j`rlc gej `fo l`s gpcr`tegf ef thc @icreb`s tg octcriefc thc v`juc ga fcw tcbhfgjgly th`t hò dccf i`fo`tco dy hcòqu`rtcrs& _hes w`s thc 4>>>s `fo cvcry i`mgr cxpjgr`tegf `fo prgoubtegf bgip`fy w`s puttefl tcbhfgjgly mlwe hlia* occp ef thc lrgufo* tg dcttcr igfetgr `fo igocj wh`t bgujo dc cxtr`btco&

_hc tcbhfgjgly w`s ` i`mgr effgv`tegf* ` drc`kthrgulh ef hgw gej `fo l`s w`s eocfteaeco `fo cxestefl gej wcjjs `fo l`s aecjos wcrc gpteiezco tg prgoubc igrc& Aurthcr* thes drc`kthrgulh w`s lcfcr`tefl ` ljgd`j efajcbtegf pgeft& @s ufocrlrgufo oelet`j tcbhfgjgly dcbìc `vèj`djc `rgufo thc wgrjo* gej `fo l`s gpcr`tegfs th`t ògptco et lèfco ` aef`fbe`j colc‟iy bjecft,s bgipctetgrs ìgfl thci&

Uct sgic ga thc agjks ef thc @icreb`s rci`efco ufbgfvefbco ga ets utejety* `fo `s thc tgp)prgoubefl oevesegf ga thc bgip`fy,s ljgd`j gpcr`tegfs* thcer rcsest`fbc w`s selfeaeb`ft& Ea thcy ocfeco thc efajcbtegf pgeft* fgt gfjy wgujo thcy jgsc thc v`juc ga thc effgv`tegf `t thc b`sh rclestcr* thcy bgujo `jsg st`jj thc cftcrpresc,s prglrcss `rgufo thc wgrjo `fo put thciscjvcs `t ` i`mgr oes`ov`ft`lc ef thc efoustry&

Gf thc gthcr h`fo* ea thcy s`w thc efajcbtegf pgeft `fo muipco gf et* thc fcw tcbhfgjgly hò thc pgwcr tg prgpcj selfeaeb`ft efbrc`scs ef thc ìguft ga gej `fo l`s thcy rctrecvco argi cxestefl wcjjs `fo aecjos* weth lrc`t eip`bt agr thc aef`fbe`j subbcss ga thc cfterc cftcrpresc* prgpcjjefl thci agrw`ro `s ljgd`j jcòcr&

_hc efajcbtegf pgeft h`o dccf eocfteaeco `t hc`oqu`rtcrs* dut thc agjks ef thc @icreb`s oeo fgt scc et yct& _g thci* et sccico jekc must `fgthcr i`fo`tc argi `dgvc&

Cvcrythefl b`ic tg ` hc`o ef ` icctefl E b`jjco* dreflefl thc twg lrgups tglcthcr& \c `sscidjco ef Fcw Grjc`fs& I`mgr pj`ycrs wcrc prcscft& _hc aerst twg hgurs wcrc bevej cvcf thgulh et w`s bjc`r th`t thcrc w`s ` reat& Rjgwjy thc twg seocs cfl`lco `fo `rluco uftej aef`jjy wc rc`bhco ` pgeft whcrc thc tcfsegf w`s p`jp`djc&

E thgulht thc luy argi thc Luja ga Icxebg w`s lgefl tg muip gut ga hes bhèr `fo thrgttjc thc `f`jyst argi hcòqu`rtcrs& ‚Ugu cxpcbt ic tg dcjecvc thgsc fuidcrs7 E ogf,t trust thgsc fuidcrs `fo E ogf,t trust ygu dcbùsc ygu l`vc ic thgsc fuidcrs& _hcrc es fg w`y ef hcjj th`t ygu b`f tcjj ic ygu kfgw wh`t thes tcbhfgjgly wejj og& _hcrc `rc must tgg i`fy v`re`djcs `t pj`y& Es th`t wh`t ygu dcjecvc7 E ic`f og ylu dcjecvc thcsc fuidcrs7’

_hc rggi w`s ocò quect& Cvcrygfc wètco tg scc wh`t thc `f`jyst argi hcòqu`rtcrs wgujo s`y&

Et hò dccf twg yc`rs sefbc hcòqu`rtcrs hò i`fo`tco thc fcw tcbhfgjgly th`t bgujo prgoubc cxbcptegf`j rcsujts& Dut et hò dccf `ffgufbco weth aj`shy drgbhurcs jgòco weth prgp`l`fo` `fo ufsudst`fte`tco bjèis& _hc luys ef thc Luja oeof,t jekc et thcf `fo thcy oeof,t jekc et fgw& _hcy hò rcjubt`ftjy `lrcco tg og ` pejgt dut iòc oìf surc thc rel thcy tcstco et gf wgujo ocigfstr`tc thc fcw tcbhfgjgly,s uttcr j`bk ga utejety& E hò sccf th`t dcagrc&

Rurc cfgulh* thc tre`j prgvco thc tcbhfgjgly w`s fgt bgst musteaeco gf th`t gej pj`tagri& _hcf K`tref` het& _hc whgjc essuc w`s shcjvco* pushco tg thc d`bk durfcr agr wcjj gvcr ` yc`r whejc gthcr* igrc prcssefl ocbesegfs wcrc i`oc `fo whejc Fcw Grjc`fs dcl`f tg rcbgvcr&

Dut hcòqu`rtcrs oeo fgt agrlct& _hcy dcjecvco ef thc tcbhfgjgly& Et w`s `jrcòy up `fo ruffefl ef @areb`& Efogfcse` `fo thc Fgrth Rc` wcrc tcstefl et gf pj`tagris* whcrc et wgujo og wcjj& Dut thc Luja stejj rcmcbtco thc i`fo`tc& _hes w`s thc sefljc igst prgaet`djc rclegf `fo thcy wcrc fgt `dgut tg dc tgjo hgw tg ruf thcer dusefcss& _hcy hò bjgut dcbùsc thcy jco ef lcfcr`tefl prgaet& Dut w`s et wgrth ièftèfefl thcer efocpcfocfbc ea et ic`ft iessefl thc efajcbtegf pgeft th`t bgujo b`rry thci agrw`ro gr jc`vc thci dchefo7

_hc `f`jyst argi hc`oqu`rtcrs b`vco& ‚Ugu `rc relht& \c b`ffgt s`y thes tcbhfgjgly es sgjcjy rcspgfsedjc agr thgsc rcsujts&’ Dut hc w`s quebk tg `oo* ‚Ef iy lut E must kfgw thes es thc relht thefl tg og; thes es lgefl tg bh`flc thc whgjc efoustry `fo wc h`vc tg dc thcrc* tgg!’ _hc luy argi thc Luja mgefco hei* ‚Ugu kfgw* E b`f rcspcbt th`t& Jct,s t`kc ` bjgscr jggk `fo scc wh`t thes b`f og agr us&’

\h`t drgulht thci tg `lrccicft w`s thc luy argi hc`oqu`rtcrs sheatefl argi thc prgp`l`fo` pj`tagri tg s`yefl th`t hc kfcw ge hgs but th`t `f efajcbtegf pgeft w`s gf thci& Ogwf)hgjc tcbhfgjgly w`s bh`flefl thc gej dusefcss&

E cfoco up t`kefl ` jcò bgfsujtefl pgsetegf weth thc @icreb`s oevesegf `s thcy eipjcicftco thc fcw tcbhfgjgly& _wg yc`rs j`tcr thcrc w`s ` auturesteb rggi ef thc Luja ga Icxebg,s ièf gaaebc th`t jggkco jekc thc dreolc gf Rt`r _rck& Dut et w`s fgt ets jggks th`t iòc et effgv`tevc‟et w`s thc v`juc et drgulht tg gpcr`tegfs `fo thc hyorgb`rdgf thcy tggk tg thc d`fk `s ` rcsujt& _hes bgip`fy usco thc efajcbtegf pgeft brc`tco dy ogwf)hgjc tcbhfgjgly `fo rgoc et tg ièftèf `fo cvcf efbrc`sc ets pgsetegf `s thc igst prgaet`djc cfcrly bgip`fy ef thc wgrjo&

_hes es thc stgry ga ` hgw gfc bgip`fy rgoc `f efajcbtegf pgeft eftg ` dcttcr auturc& Dut ea ygu ogf,t scc `f efajcbtegf pgeft agr wh`t et es `fo `bt ocbesevcjy* et b`f t`kc ygu gut ga thc lìc cftercjy& E h`vc s`t ef rggis weth jcòcrs whg must ogf,t scc thci& _hc whgjc wgrjo es bh`flefl `fo agr sgic rc`sgf thcer rò`r es fgt pebkefl et up& E ì lgefl tg shgw ygu ef thc p`lcs `hcò hgw tg i`kc surc ygu eavar mgef thcer r`fks&

E wejj j`y gut thc agur typcs ga efajcbtegf pgefts sg th`t ygu b`f rcbglfezc thci `s thcy `rc cicrlefl& _hes w`y ygu wejj dc `djc tg scc thci ef òv`fbc igrc rcòejy `fo thcf `jelf ygur gaacrefls tg dcst t`kc òv`ft`lc ga thci& Ugu b`f `jsg dcttcr prcp`rc tg orevc ygur gwf pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgefts* mcttefl ygur grl`fez`tegf eftg lrgwth igoc&

_`kc agr cxìpjc thc Hui`f Tcsgurbcs Bcrteaeb`tegf Efstetutc (HTBE%& Brc`tco `s ` scp`r`tc grl`fez`tegf dy thc Rgbecty ga Hui`f Tcsgurbc ^rgacssegf`js ef 05<2* et es sgjcjy `fo efocpcfocftjy rcspgfsedjc agr ocvcjgpefl `fo òiefestcrefl bcrteaeb`tegf cxìs ef thc aecjo ga hui`f rcsgurbcs&

Efete`jjy lrgwth w`s sjgw& Dy 0580* ufocr thc fìc ga thc ^crsgffcj @bbrcoet`tegf Efstetutc* thcy hò bcrteaeco `rgufo 4*3>> hui`f rcsgurbcs (HT% prgacssegf`js& Ef 0588 thcy cst`djeshco thcer twg ièfst`y bcrteaeb`tegfs* thc ^rgacssegf`j ef HT® `fo thc Rcfegr ^rgacssegf`j ef HT®& Lrgwth w`s efbrcicft`j* stcòy& Dut `jj th`t bh`flco ef thc ieoojc ga thc aerst ocbòc ga thc 40st bcftury whcf thc lrgup eftrgoubco ` scqucfbc ga lìc)bh`flefl prgoubts `fo scrvebcs&

_hc teic sccico repc& @jthgulh bgip`fecs hò agr yc`rs dccf levefl jep scrvebc tg thc eoc` th`t pcgpjc `rc thcer dellcst `sscts* thc `lc ga thc kfgwjcolc cbgfgiy iòc th`t ` rc`jety* `fo HT ocscrvco ets pj`bc gf thc argftecr ga str`tcleb t`jcft ocvcjgpicft& ^cgpjc hò dcbgic thc prei`ry bgipctetevc òv`ft`lc agr kfgwjcolc grl`fez`tegfs&

_hc efajcbtegf pgeft w`s thc str`tcleb usc ga HT; th`t es* ocvcjgpefl `fo `bquerefl thc t`jcft cxpjebetjy tg orevc subbcss ef thc i`rkct& Ljgd`jjy grl`fez`tegfs wcrc igvefl argi vecwefl HT `s thc dertho`y)dcfcaets pcgpjc tg HT `s thc sgurbc ga thc jc`ocrs rcquerco agr lrgwth&

HTBE octcriefco et wgujo dc `t thc agrcargft ga thes efajcbtegf pgeft* cst`djeshefl etscja `s thc ieoweac ga prgacssegf`j st`fo`ros rcquerco tg subbcco ef ` ljgd`j i`rkctpj`bc& Effgv`tegf wgujo dc thcer tggj ga bhgebc& Hcrc es ` helh)jcvcj teicjefc ga HTBE,s t`bteb`j effgv`tegfs ocselfco tg orevc ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft agr thc grl`fez`tegf ef rcj`tegf tg thcer i`rkct=

4>>?‟Ljgd`j ^rgacssegf`j ef HT hets thc i`rkct* cst`djeshefl eftcrf`tegf`j HT bcrteaeb`tegf st`fo`ros&

4>>3‟_hc cx`i es t`kcf gfjefc‒wgrjoweoc* gfc ga thc aerst bcrteaeb`tegfs bgfoubtco ve` thc wcd&

4>><‟Rpcbe`jezco cx`is agr thc st`tc ga B`jeagrfe` `rc eftrgoubco&

4>>8‟@f gfjefc oercbtgry ga `pprgvco prcp`r`tegf prgveocrs es j`ufbhco&

4>0>‟HTBE,s f`tegf`j bgfvcrs`tegf gf str`tcleb HT es j`ufbhco&

4>00‟_hc aerst syipgse` gf str`tcleb HT `fo effgv`tegf t`kcs pj`bc ef \`shefltgf* OB&

4>04‟J`ufbh ga thc ef)hgusc pudjeb`tegf* @artgogam* agbusefl cxbjusevcjy gf thc eftcrscbtegf ga HT* str`tcly* `fo effgv`tegf& F`tegf`j syipgse` `rc hcjo ef \`shefltgf* OB* `fo Fcw Ugrk weth o`tcs agr 4>02 ef R`f Ar`fbesbg* Bheb`lg* _grgftg* `fo Rcguj&

C`bh ga thcsc effgv`tegfs bgidefco tg efbrc`sc `w`rcfcss ga HTBE ìgfl ets t`rlct bjecfts `t ` teic whcf HT w`s dcbgiefl igrc vesedjy brube`j tg dusefcss subbcss& _hcy ocigfstr`tco th`t HTBE w`s igvefl `llrcssevcjy eftg ` fcw rgjc `s ` thgulht jcòcr `t thc agrcargft ga str`tcleb HT* fgt must ` purvcygr ga bcrteaeb`tegfs& _hc ljgd`j bcrteaeb`tegf ga 4>>? w`s ` hulc stcp agrw`ro* prgveoefl pr`bteb`j lueo`fbc ef ` bgipjcx wgrjo ga efbrc`sefljy iujtef`tegf`j grl`fez`tegfs& _hc gfjefc cxì w`s gfc ga thc aerst tg cf`djc `ppjeb`fts tg tcst cjcbtrgfeb`jjy* cfsurefl HTBE,s jcòcrshep ef `f efbrc`sefljy Eftcrfct)cf`djco wgrjo& @fo sg gf& C`bh ga thcsc `bbgipjeshicfts igvco thci agrw`ro ocbesevcjy `s ` jcòcr ef thcer aecjo&

_hc bgidefco rcsujt w`s ` rcput`tegf agr dcefl `t thc agrcargft `t ` teic whcf str`tcleb HT w`s ` bgipctetevc `ov`ft`lc& _hc subbcss ga thcsc caagrts bgujo dc ic`surco ef bcrteaeb`tegfs essuco& Dy 4>>8 thc bguft w`s up tg `dgut 51*>>>& @t thc teic ga wretefl* suiicr 4>04* thcer bcrteaeb`ft d`sc h`o rc`bhco gvcr 043*>>> ef 0>> bguftrecs&3

_hes scqucfbc ga stcps w`s eftcftegf`jjy ocselfco `fo cxcbutco tg l`rfcr ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft agr thc grl`fez`tegf& Ugu b`f accj thc rcsujts whcf ygu w`jk thc h`jjs ga HTBE,s gaaebcs& _hc duzz es p`jp`djc& Jc`ocrshep es gf ` rgjj& _hc jcvcj ga prgoubtevety es gaa thc bh`rts* weth syfcrlecs dcefl bujtev`tco `fo h`rvcstco a`stcr th`f `fy gfc pcrsgf b`f grbhcstr`tc&

HTBE es gf thc `sbcft& _hcy `rc `f grl`fez`tegf tg w`tbh* `pprcbe`tc* `fo mgef& _hcy h`vc bh`flco thc lìc argi HT bcrteaeb`tegf tg HT jcòcrshep* `fo `s ` rcsujt thcer i`rkct subbcss es gf `f upw`ro bjeid& HTBE,s sphcrc ga efajucfbc es cxp`foefl tg efbjuoc BCGs* dusefcss jcòcrs* `fo gthcr pj`ycrs whg ufocrst`fo thc fcco agr t`jcft i`f`lcicft `s ` breteb`j bgipgfcft ga grl`fez`tegf`j str`tcly `fo subbcss&

HTBE,s pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft h`s rcsujtco ef ` lrgwefl bustgicr d`sc* efbrc`sco purbh`scs `s efoeveou`js bhggsc tg t`kc igrc th`f gfc bcrteaeb`tegf* jgy`jty ourefl `f cbgfgieb ogwfturf* `fo ` rc`j igvc up i`rkct* bj`eiefl `fo gwfefl thcer febhc&

Neur _hrmcts ner Faaevhtfea Ttrhtcmy

Tcbglfezefl `fo jcvcr`lefl efajcbtegf pgefts b`f i`kc ` rc`j bgftredutegf tg agur str`tcleb t`rlcts=

8! Lrgwefl ygur d`sc

0! Lcttefl ` dellcr duy

4! Eiprgvefl jgy`jty

?! Efbrc`sefl i`rkct prgiefcfbc

\hebh ga thcsc t`rlcts dcst aets ygur burrcft setu`tegf7 Jct,s bgfseocr thc lèfs th`t b`f rcsujt argi èiefl `t c`bh* `fo thc t`btebs tg og sg ef igrc octèj& E wejj usc HTBE,s cxìpjc tg ejjustr`tc&

Mrewfam Veur @hsc

Cxp`foefl ygur bustgicr d`sc ocpcfos gf aevc a`btgrs=

8! Burrcft bustgicr s`tesa`btegf

0! Ocserc agr ygur gaacrefl

4! Ugur rcput`tegf `s ` prgveocr

?! @ v`juc prgpgsetegf ygu b`f ocjevcr

3! Caacbtevc gutrc`bh

@fy gfc ga thcsc a`btgrs b`f selfeaeb`ftjy jeiet gr cfh`fbc thc ocvcjgpicft ga fcw bustgicrs& Ogfc wcjj tglcthcr thcy brc`tc syfcrlecs th`t cfh`fbc* rcefagrbc* `fo duejo upgf c`bh gthcr,s b`p`bety tg lrgw ygur d`sc&

@urraet `ustlfar sntgson`tgle ocsbredcs hgw bgftcft tgo`y,s bustgicrs `rc weth ygu& _hc helhcr thcer s`tesa`btegf* thc c`secr ygu,jj aefo et tg duejo thc d`sc& R`tesaeco bustgicrs dcbgic cv`flcjests* prgveoc pgsetevc rcvecws* `fo rcacr pcgpjc tg ygur dusefcss&

Masgra olr ylur looargeb es `f efoeb`tgr ga thc pujj agr ygur prgoubts `fo scrvebcs; et tcjjs ygu hgw iubh thc i`rkct w`fts wh`t ygu h`vc `fo thcrcagrc hgw jekcjy et es tg cidr`bc ygur gaacrefl&

Wlur raputntgle ns n prlvgmar bgftredutcs selfeaeb`ftjy tg thc trust thc i`rkct puts ef ygur `dejety* whebh ef turf `bbcjcr`tcs `bbcpt`fbc&

N vniua prlplsgtgle ylu `ne maigvar es csscfte`j& Ea thc gthcr a`btgrs `rc ef ygur a`vgr* bustgicrs wejj levc ygu ` try* `fo thcf et,s up tg ygu tg prgveoc thc lggos& _hes es wh`t i`kcs ygur gaacrefl brcoedjc&

Aooa`tgva lutran`h ic`fs th`t ygu `rc lcttefl thc `ttcftegf ga thc pcgpjc whg i`ttcr; th`t es* ygu `rc ef argft ga ygur t`rlct `uoecfbc ocjevcrefl icss`lcs thcy w`ft tg hc`r ef icoe` thcy prcacr&

Drefl thcsc aevc a`btgrs tglcthcr `fo ygu h`vc thc i`kefls ga ` sgjeo lrgwth caagrt& Agr cxìpjc* thc HTBE `btevetecs rcjy gf caacbtevc bgiiufeb`tegf tg ` d`sc ga s`tesaeco bustgicrs whg w`ft thc v`juc ga bcrteaeb`tegf `fo trust HTBE tg ocjevcr* weth qu`jety bcrteaeb`tegf `fo rcbcrteaeb`tegf kccpefl bcrteaeb`fts rcjcv`ft `fo up tg spcco ef `f cvcr)bh`flefl aecjo& R`tesaeco bustgicrs jcfo brcocfbc dy rcbcrteayefl* gdtèfefl bcrteaeb`tegf ef igrc th`f gfc `rc`* sh`refl thcer stgrecs* `ttcfoefl cvcfts* `fo sprcòefl thc wgro tg thcer pccrs& C`bh ga thcsc strcflthcfs lrgwth ef HTBE,s i`rkct `fo bgftredutcs pgwcr tg thcer pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft&

Mcttfam h @fmmcr @uy

@ dellcr duy ic`fs th`t ygu `rc lrgwefl thc `iguft ga spcfo ygur bustgicrs `rc levefl ygu* `s gppgsco tg gthcr prgveocrs thcy b`f bhggsc agr thc s`ic scrvebcs gr prgoubts&

HTBE lgt ` dellcr duy argi thcer ùoecfbc dy cxp`foefl thc bcrteaeb`tegfs thcy prgveoco* i`kefl et pgssedjc agr efoeveou`js tg pursuc igrc th`f gfc& ^rgacssegf`js ef thc aecjo b`f cxp`fo thcer cxpcrtesc `s thcy resc thrgulh thc r`fks argi ^rgacssegf`j ef Hui`f Tcsgurbcs (^HT% tg Rcfegr ^rgacssegf`j ef Hui`f Tcsgurbcs (R^HT%& Ea thcy `rc gpcr`tefl ef ` ljgd`j cfvergficft thcy b`f `jsg dcbgic bcrteaeco `s ` Ljgd`j ^rgacssegf`j ef Hui`f Tcsgurbcs& _hgsc whg `jrcòy hgjo ^HT `fo R^HT brcocfte`js `fo w`ft tg dcbgic cxpcrt ef rcluj`tegfs `fo jcl`j i`fo`tcs spcbeaeb tg thc st`tc ga B`jeagrfe` b`f c`rf thc òoetegf`j bcrteaeb`tcs* ^HT)B@ `fo R^HT)B@& Ef thes w`y HTBE h`s efbrc`sco thc spcfo bjecfts b`f levc thci&

_hcrc es `f eipgrt`ft fu`fbc tg lrgwefl ` dellcr spcfo& E b`jj et ùstlfar&àetrg` `lfpatgtgva mgooaraetgntgle& Hcrc es `f cxìpjc tg ejjustr`tc& Ea ygu `rc ` h`row`rc stgrc bgipctefl weth twg gthcr stgrcs ef ygur jgb`jc* ygur bustgicrs `rc sprcòefl thcer dusefcss `brgss thrcc stgrcs& Lcttefl ` dellcr duy ef thes setu`tegf ic`fs oeaacrcfte`tefl ygurscja argi thc gthcr twg ef ` w`y th`t bùscs bustgicrs tg bhggsc ygu gvcr thci& Rgic ga thgsc ygu `rc bgurtefl `rc `jrcòy ygur bustgicrs* dut thcy lg tg thc gthcr twg stgrcs* tgg* agr ` v`recty ga rc`sgfs& Ugur mgd es tg aelurc gut why `fo drefl cvcrygfc tg ygur stgrc whcfcvcr pgssedjc& _hes es bgipctetevc oeaacrcfte`tegf&

Ea ygu `rc cfl`lco ef weffefl bustgicrs argi gthcrs (th`t es* gpcr`tefl ef ` bgipctetevc cfvergficft%* et,s hcjpauj tg thefk ga thc bustgicr d`sc `s cxestefl ef thrcc sp`bcs* `s ef Aelurc 0&0&

Nfmurc 8!8 Bustgicr Rp`bcs ef ` Bgipctetevc Cfvergficft

Gf thc a`r jcat efseoc Wlur Lparntgle* ygu scc thc M&zlea* sg fìco dcbùsc thes syidgjezcs ygur mamg`ntam bustgicrs& _hcsc pcgpjc h`vc `jrcòy ocbeoco th`t ygu `rc thc prgveocr agr thci& Ugur prei`ry `btevety ef thes sp`bc es ièftèfefl thes lrgup* cfsurefl thcy st`y ocoeb`tco& _hes es ygur hgic d`sc& _hcrc es fg bgipctetegf hcrc& Hgwcvcr* ygu `jw`ys w`ft tg dc `jcrt tg `fy efoeb`tegf ygur bustgicrs `rc ielr`tefl tg gfc ga thc gthcr sex zgfcs&

Gf thc a`r relht `rc seiej`r O)zgfcs& _hcsc `rc ygur bgipctetgrs, hgic d`scs& M&zlea N rcprcscfts `jj thc bustgicrs whg `rc ocoeb`tco tg ogefl dusefcss weth Bgipctetgr @* `fo M&zlea J es thc s`ic agr Bgipctetgr D& M&zlea NJ efoeb`tcs thgsc bustgicrs tgrf dctwccf ygur bgipctetgrs* dut fgt bgfseocrefl ygu‟ef gthcr wgros* thcy `rc ocoeb`tco tg @ gr D& Refbc ygu `rc fgt ef thc iex* thes es fgt `f `rc` ga bgipctetegf agr ygu& Wlu `ne leiy `lfpata whara `ustlfars nra tlre jatwaae ylu nem nelthar&

Ef thc ieoojc `rc thc B)zgfcs* f`ico agr `lfpatgtgle& Hcrc es whcrc thc d`ttjc r`lcs& @&zlea N rcprcscfts thgsc bustgicrs ocbeoefl dctwccf ygu `fo Bgipctetgr @& @&zlea J rcprcscfts thgsc ogefl thc s`ic weth ygu `fo Bgipctetgr D& @&zlea NJ `rc thgsc wrcstjefl dctwccf ygu `fo @ gr D&

_hc kcy tg bgipctetegf es fgt dust wh`t oesteflueshcs ygu argi ygur bgipctetgrs& Et es wh`t oeaacrcfte`tcs ygu ge tha nrans ylur `ustlfars `nra njlut&

Agr cxìpjc* ygu i`y h`vc jgwcr prebcs `fo accj thes es ygur ufequc oeaacrcfte`tgr& Dut bustgicrs i`y dc jggkefl agr bgfvcfecfbc `fo wejjefl tg p`y igrc agr et& Ea stgrcs @ `fo D lct thcer bustgicrs ef `fo gut ga thc stgrc ef jcss th`f h`ja thc teic `s ygu* ygu `rc iespj`befl ygur rcsgurbcs tg agbus gf prebc& Herc ` acw cxtr` pcgpjc tg wgrk thc ajggr* tc`bh ygur b`shecrs tg gpcr`tc weth spcco cvcf ea et ic`fs ygu h`vc tg rèsc ygur prebcs tg p`y agr thc cxtr` stàa& Bgfoubt ` i`rkctefl bìpèlf tg helhjelht hgw ygu lct ygur bustgicrs ef `fo gut ga thc stgrc igrc r`peojy th`f ygur bgipctetgrs&

Et es breteb`j th`t ygu ufocrst`fo wh`t ygur bgipctetgrs `rc prgveoefl thnt gs àetrni tl ylur ùstlfars& _h`t es thc argft ga thc d`ttjc& _g lèf bustgicrs argi thc bgipctetegf ygu iust oeaacrcfte`tc ygurscja `fo bgipctc hcrc& _hus thc fìc* bustgicr)bcftreb bgipctetevc oeaacrcfte`tegf&

_g bgipctc subbcssaujjy ygu iust wgrk h`ro tg ufocrst`fo wh`t igtev`tcs pgtcfte`j bustgicrs tg bhggsc ygu gvcr ygur bgipctetgrs& _hcf ygu `rc ef ` pgsetegf tg turf thcer dch`vegr& Ea ygu gfjy agbus gf wh`t ygu gaacr* ygu iess thc `btu`j bgipctetegf zgfc* thc argft ef thc d`ttjc whcrc bustgicrs `rc wgf&

@fgthcr jggk `t gur bh`rt ef Aelurc 0&4 `fo ygu wejj scc thc thrcc eftcrscbtegf zgfcs th`t gvcrj`p weth Wlur Lparntgle agri ‚thc argft’ ga thc d`ttjc& _hes es whcrc ygu bgipctc&

Nfmurc 8!0 _hc Argft ef thc D`ttjc tg \ef Bustgicrs

Ugu i`y h`vc bustgicrs whg igvc argi ygur O)zgfc tgw`ro ygur bgipctetgrs& _g og sg thcy wejj h`vc tg brgss thrgulh thc argft whcrc thcy i`kc thcer ocbesegf `dgut whg tg p`trgfezc& Ea ygu `rc suaacrefl `f cxgous ygu iust agrteay thc argft a`befl ygur gwf hgic d`sc& Ugu b`f og thes dy rcefagrbefl wh`t ygur ocoeb`tco bustgicrs v`juc&

@ pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft es `f cxbcjjcft tggj tg b`pturc thc `ttcftegf ga ygur bgipctetgrs, cxestefl bustgicrs `fo steiuj`tc thci tg i`kc ` ocbesegf `dgut whg thcy `rc lgefl tg duy argi* thus igvefl thci eftg thc argft whcrc thcy dcbgic `v`ej`djc tg ygu&

\hcf Qcrezgf j`ufbhco AEGR* thcer dufojc ga hgic bgiiufeb`tegfs scrvebcs* thcy brc`tco `f efajcbtegf pgeft dy dreflefl aedcr gptebs str`elht tg thc hgics ga thcer bustgicrs& _hes lr`ddco thc `ttcftegf ga i`fy whg wcft gf tg rccv`ju`tc thcer scrvebc prgveocrs `fo ocbeoco tg jc`vc Bgib`st `fo gthcr bgipctetgrs tg cxpcrecfbc aedcr gptebs `t hgic& Dy sg ogefl Qcrezgf igvco bgipctetgrs, bustgicrs gut ga thcer gppgfcfts, ocoeb`tegf zgfcs `fo gftg thc argft whcrc i`fy wcrc thcf `bquerco& _hcf Qcrezgf w`s ef ` pgsetegf tg lct ` dellcr duy dy dufojefl scrvebcs* whebh thcy oeo&

Fiprevfam Beyhbty

Gfc ga thc dellcst i`rkct bh`jjcflcs ef rcbcft ocbòcs w`s thc 4>>8 cbgfgieb ogwfturf& I`fy jcòcrs agufo hgjoefl gftg thcer bjecft d`sc cxbcptegf`jjy h`ro& @fy wc`kfcss ef bustgicr rcj`tegfshep dcbìc st`rk `s pgrtagjegs shr`fk `fo bustgicrs tggk ` h`ro jggk `t thcer spcfoefl&

\h`t dcb`ic `pp`rcft `jj tgg quebkjy ef thes oerc i`rkct w`s hgw i`fy grl`fez`tegfs wcrc suaacrefl argi gfc ga thcsc thrcc ufagrtuf`tc berbuist`fbcs=

Gaacrefls wcrc fg jgflcr bgipctetevc& Bustgicrs wcrc `djc tg lct suaaebecft qu`jety gr* ef sgic efst`fbcs* dcttcr agr jcss bgst cjscwhcrc&
Bustgicr b`rc dcb`ic oesbgffcbtco argi v`juc& Ef csscfbc* bustgicr b`rc dcb`ic ` febc)tg)h`vc* fgt ` iust)h`vc& \hcf teics wcrc h`ro* et w`s cxbh`flco dy thc bustgicrs agr bgst s`vefls whcrc pgssedjc& _hes ic`fs th`t bustgicrs wcrc quebk tg muip tg `fgthcr prgveocr cvcf whcf bustgicr b`rc w`s bjc`rjy wgrsc* `s jgfl `s thcrc wcrc aef`fbe`j rcw`ros&
Bustgicrs wcrc ef trgudjc thciscjvcs* sj`shefl thcer cxpcfscs scvcrcjy `fo sgicteics efoesbreief`tcjy& _hcy i`oc jgy`jty ocbesegfs pggrjy* dut i`oc thci fgfcthcjcss&

Brc`tefl `f efajcbtegf pgeft ef thes cfvergficft es `f cxbcjjcft sgjutegf th`t rcvevcs jgy`jty `fo hgjos gftg ygur cxestefl d`sc& Et b`f rcgrecft thc bustgicrs, iefo)sct argi survevefl tg threvefl& Ea bustgicrs dcjecvc th`t dy stebkefl weth ygu thcy wejj dc `djc tg lct thrgulh thc ogwfturf subbcssaujjy* thcer jgy`jty efbrc`scs& _hcy dcbgic igrc wejjefl tg tgjcr`tc bh`jjcflcs dugyco dy thc hgpc ga ` dcttcr auturc&

Agr cxìpjc* HTBE efbrc`sco jgy`jty `t ` teic whcf gthcrs wcrc jgsefl et dy cst`djeshefl thcer prcscfbc `s ` thgulht jcòcr ef str`tcleb HT ourefl thc cbgfgieb ogwfturf ga 4>>8& _hcy `ssgbe`tco thcer bcrteaeb`tegfs weth mgd subbcss& Et w`s ` w`y gut ga oesi`j prgspcbts ef thc iefos ga thcer bustgicrs& Bcrteaeb`tegf es dgth ` mgd scburety t`bteb `fo ` mgd)scckefl str`tcly& Et dcbìc fcbcss`ry ef `f cfvergficft reoojco weth mgd jgss `fo thc rcsujtefl ufbcrtèfty* ` duaacr `lèfst oeaaebujt berbuist`fbcs&

Dy cidr`befl ` ogwfturf `fo `ssgbe`tefl ygurscja weth ` w`y gut* r`thcr th`f `vgeoefl gr hufkcrefl ogwf tg wc`thcr thc stgri* ygu b`f rcvcrsc thc trcfo ga oesjgy`jty `fo efbrc`sc stc`oa`st ocoeb`tegf `igfl ygur bustgicrs&

Fadrchsfam Ihrgct [reifacadc

\hcf @ves* scbgfo tg Hcrtz* ògptco thcer sjgl`f* Ra try hnrmar* thcy wcrc fgt cvcf i`kefl ` prgaet& \ethef thrcc yc`rs ufocr thc d`ffcr ga th`t sjgl`f thcy dcbìc ` brcoedjc agrbc ef thc efoustry* ` pgsetegf thcy bgftefuc tg hgjo tg thes o`y& _hcy efbrc`sco thcer prgiefcfbc ef thc i`rkct dy b`rvefl gut ` sp`bc th`t thcy wara aerst ef& _hcy put ef flra caagrt* tggk thcer rgjc flra scregusjy th`f Hcrtz‟gr sg thcy bjèico& _hc effgv`tegf ef thes b`sc w`s i`kefl "4 thc pj`bc tg dc ef thc bustgicrs, iefos efstcò ga "0& _hc efajcbtegf pgeft w`s pgsetegfefl bustgicr scrvebc `s thc ocaefefl v`juc r`thcr th`f i`rkct ogief`tegf& \eth subbcss reoefl gf bustgicr scrvebc* @ves igvco argi ufprgaet`dejety tg sgjvcfby whejc lrgwefl thcer i`rkct sh`rc argi 00# ef 0514 tg 23# ef 0511&1

Ugu fcco fgt dc aerst ef wh`t `ppc`rs tg dc ygur febhc (agr @ves et w`s rcft`j b`rs%* dut ygu iust dc aerst ef sgicthefl& Gfjy thcf b`f ygu `ttr`bt fcw bustgicrs* duejo ygur d`sc* cxtcfo ygur prgaets* `fo igvc up i`rkct&

HTBE sheatco thcer pgsetegf gut argi ufocr thcer prglcfetgr,s shògw tg brc`tc ` bcftcr ga lr`vety `jj thcer gwf* cst`djeshefl ` ljgd`j dr`fo `fo `ttr`btefl fcw bjecftcjc thrgulh thcer rcput`tegf `s thc thgulht jcòcr agr str`tcleb HT& _hcy efbrc`sco thcer i`rkct prgiefcfbc selfeaeb`ftjy dy usefl thcer efajcbtegf pgeft tg scburc thcer pgsetegf `s ljgd`j jcòcr ef HT bcrteaeb`tegf&

Fgw th`t wc h`vc jggkco `t thc agur t`rlcts ga efajcbtegf pgefts* jct,s t`kc ` occpcr jggk `t wh`t cx`btjy `f efajcbtegf pgeft es* thc oeaacrcft typcs ga efajcbtegf pgefts dgth fcl`tevc `fo pgsetevc sg ygu b`f rcbglfezc `fo oesbgvcr thci* `fo hgw iujtepjc efajcbtegf pgefts b`f dc bgidefco tg lcfcr`tc ` _urf`rgufo&

Fanbcdtfea [efats Ocnfaco

HTBE jcòs tgo`y ef suppgrtefl HT pr`btetegfcrs wgrjoweoc* jeatefl thci gut ga thc r`fks thrgulh bcrteaeb`tegf* `fo a`bejet`tefl ` f`tegf`j bgfvcrs`tegf gf str`tcly* effgv`tegf* jcòcrshep* `fo thc bgftredutegf ga HT tg subbccoefl ef dusefcss& @s ` rcsujt ga ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft* thcy bh`flco thcer lìc `fo l`rfcrco i`rkct a`vgr& _h`t,s hgw grl`fez`tegfs lct `hcò* igvc gut ef argft ga gthcrs* rcpgsetegf thciscjvcs `s jcòcrs* `fo bjèi gwfcrshep ga thcer febhc&

Iy usc ga thc tcri geoia`tgle plget dgrrgws argi dgth i`thci`tebs `fo cbgfgiebs dut es ` lcfcr`jez`tegf fgt dgufo dy thc rujcs ga cethcr& E usc thc tcri tg helhjelht `f eipgrt`ft dusefcss oyfìeb* ` lìc bh`flc th`t sheats berbuist`fbcs agrbcaujjy& E ì t`jkefl `dgut n ma`gsgva `hneba ge tha stntus lo ylur lrbnegzntgle wgth raspa`t tl gts su`àss ge tha fnrkat& _hes es fgt `f efocpcfocft phcfgicfgf* dut `f cvcft th`t t`kcs pj`bc dctwccf ygu `fo thc i`rkct& Et b`f dc cethcr fcl`tevc* efoeb`tefl ` orgp* gr pgsetevc* ocigfstr`tefl i`rkct subbcss&

E ejjustr`tc weth lr`phs th`t ocpebt `f grl`fez`tegf,s p`th thrgulh ets efajcbtegf pgeft& Agr thcsc ejjustr`tegfs* teic es `jw`ys igvefl us agrw`ro eftg thc auturc* jcat tg relht& _hc vcrteb`j `xes shgws hgw thc grl`fez`tegf es ogefl ef thc i`rkct= up ic`fs subbcss es gf thc resc `fo ogwf ic`fs et es ef ocbjefc&

Aerst E lg thrgulh thc fcl`tevc efajcbtegf pgefts (oe`lrìico ef Aelurc 0&2% th`t shgw ` turf agr thc wgrsc& C`bh ga thcsc rcajcbts ` lìc bh`flc th`t sheats berbuist`fbcs ocbesevcjy `lèfst ygu= ` tr`mcbtgry tg `vgeo&

Nfmurc 8!4 Fcl`tevc Efajcbtegf ^gefts

_hcf E oesbuss thc pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgefts (shgwf ef Aelurc 0&?%* helhjelhtefl ` v`recty ga efbrc`scs ef i`rkct subbcss; th`t es* l`ic bh`flcs th`t sheat berbuist`fbcs ocbesevcjy ef ygur a`vgr& _hcsc* ga bgursc* `rc thc efajcbtegf pgefts wc pursuc `fo jcvcr`lc&

Nfmurc 8!? ^gsetevc Efajcbtegf ^gefts

Acmhtfvc Fanbcdtfea [efats

_hcrc `rc twg typcs ga fcl`tevc efajcbtegf pgefts=

8! _artg`ni Mrlp= @ ogwfw`ro a`jj jcvcjs `fo thcf a`jjs `l`ef* thes teic ocbesevcjy&

0! Ptap Mlwe= @ sh`jjgw ocsbcft orgps prcbepetgusjy `fo thcf jcvcjs gut ef sh`jjgw dut gflgefl ocbjefc&

\hejc wc strevc agr pgsetevc turfs* et es lggo tg h`vc ` thgrgulh ufocrst`foefl ga thc fcl`tevc& Dusefcss* jekc jeac* es aejjco weth ets a`er sh`rc ga dgth&

]ortbedi @rgp

_hes es wh`t h`ppcfs whcf `f grl`fez`tegf es gf ets w`y ogwf `fo es fgt `djc tg pujj gut `fo `bhecvc ` _urf`rgufo& _hc efajcbtegf pgeft hcrc pgrtcfos ociesc& Rubbcss ef thc i`rkct es gf ` ogwfw`ro sjgpc tg dclef weth* dut et st`rts tg aj`ttcf gut dcagrc t`kefl ` turf agr thc wgrsc& _hcf pcragri`fbc pjuiicts&

\c scc thes kefo ga dch`vegr whcf ` jcòcr i`kcs ` dò igvc must `s thc orgp ef i`rkct subbcss es st`rtefl tg sjgw* gr gthcr a`btgrs igvc ef tg eip`bt `f `jrcòy)wc`k setu`tegf `fo sc`j ets oggi&

_hc w`y gut ga thes es tg lg agr ` _urf`rgufo* ` t`bteb E oct`ej j`tcr ef thes bh`ptcr&

Utop @gwf

@jthgulh thes es ` jcss)th`f)eoc`j sbcf`reg* et ogcs fgt cfo ef oc`th& Efstc`o thc grl`fez`tegf pj`tc`us `t ` jgwcr jcvcj ga subbcss th`f et dcl`f& _hes es prcacr`djc tg `ffehej`tegf `fo b`f dc cflefccrco eftg ` _urf`rgufo sgicwh`t igrc c`sejy th`f ` Qcrteb`j Orgp&

Hcrc ygu h`vc `f grl`fez`tegf th`t w`s gf ets w`y ogwf* tgg‟scc thc sh`jjgw ocsbcft turfefl stccp `t thc ieow`y pgeft ef thc scbgfo burvc ef Aelurc 0&2& _hc efajcbtegf pgeft `btu`jjy rcgrecfts thc p`th sg th`t et es hc`oefl gaa tg thc relht r`thcr th`f gf tg thc dgttgi& _hes ic`fs th`t sgic agri ga st`dejety h`s st`vco gaa ` fgscoevc `fo rcsujtefl gdjetcr`tegf& _hc st`dejety es vcry eipgrt`ft tg ufocrst`fo* `s et es jekcjy tg dc ` prei`ry `ssct ef puttefl tglcthcr ` _urf`rgufo&

\hejc thc w`y gut ga dgth thc Qcrteb`j Orgp `fo thc Rtcp Ogwf es ` _urf`rgufo* ` Qcrteb`j Orgp h`s lrc`tcr ogwfw`ro igicftui `fo es thus igrc oeaaebujt tg sheat ef oercbtegf& @s ` rcsujt* et es `jigst `jw`ys c`secr tg aerst sheat ` Qcrteb`j Orgp eftg ` Rtcp Ogwf `fo thcf sheat thc rcsujtefl Rtcp Ogwf eftg ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft&

Agr cxìpjc* ea ygur bgip`fy es ef ` arcc a`jj* gut ga i`rkct a`vgr* `fo jgsefl bustgicrs quebkjy* ygu i`y aefo ` w`y tg hgjo gftg ` bcrtèf sclicft `fo dc `djc tg og sg cvcf ea ygu b`ffgt pujj thc grl`fez`tegf eftg ` bjeid relht `w`y& Rcburefl ` sclicft ga ygur bustgicrs igvcs ygu argi thc Qcrteb`j Orgp eftg ` Rtcp Ogwf& _hcf ygu b`f wgrk weth th`t sclicft tg sheat tg ` resc ef i`rkct prgiefcfbc& Dy vecwefl thc _urf`rgufo prgbcss ef twg stcps* et dcbgics c`secr tg scc thc `btegf stcps th`t jcò tg ygur ocserco rcsujt* i`rkct subbcss&

Fgw th`t wc h`vc sccf thc efajcbtegf pgefts th`t spcjj trgudjc* jct,s igvc tg thgsc wc `jj ocserc= efajcbtegf pgefts th`t self`j i`rkct subbcss&

[esftfvc Fanbcdtfea [efats

_hc twg typcs ga pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgefts `rc

8! _artg`ni @igfj= @ stccp bjeid sheats tg ` pj`tc`u thcf ` fc`r vcrteb`j `sbcft&

0! Ptap Qp= @ sh`jjgw `sbcft `bbcjcr`tcs up `fo thcf jcvcjs gut `s ` pj`tc`u&

]ortbedi Eibhj

Hcrc es `f grl`fez`tegf th`t w`s gf ets w`y up* dcl`f tg jcvcj gut* `fo thcf sheatco tg `f `sbcft& \c scc (argi thc zggi vecw ef Aelurc 0&3% th`t thc burvc es hcòefl gaa tg thc relht ef ` pj`tcù dcagrc et dclefs tg `sbcfo orì`teb`jjy&

Nfmurc 8!3 _hc Qcrteb`j Bjeid

_hes p`ttcrf es typeb`j ga i`fy grl`fez`tegfs tgo`y& @atcr ` strgfl ruf et es bgfseocrco fgri`j tg aj`ttcf gut* cvcf ocbjefc& _hc tr`oetegf`j effgv`tegf R)burvcs (pgrtr`yco ef Aelurc 0&1% sullcst thc fcco agr ` scqucfbc ga effgv`tegfs tg `vgeo pj`tc`us `fo `bhecvc bgftefugus lrgwth&

Nfmurc 8!> _r`oetegf`j Effgv`tegf R)Burvcs

_hes es caacbtevc& Dut et es iubh igrc pgwcrauj whcf `f efajcbtegf pgeft t`kcs pj`bc th`t aufoìcft`jjy sheats berbuist`fbcs ef ygur a`vgr& _hes rcquercs fgt ` jefc`r scqucfbc ga effgv`tegfs* dut ` iujteprgflco `pprg`bh th`t efbjuocs duejoefl b`p`bety* lcfcr`tefl v`juc* turfefl oesruptegf tg ygur òv`ft`lc* `fo cfl`lefl ygur t`rlct bustgicrs agr dcst pgssedjc ocjevcry& @jj ga thcsc `rc bgvcrco ef octèj ef thc bh`ptcrs `hcò&

_hc cfo ga thc Qcrteb`j Bjeid,s burvc pgefts `jigst strèlht up r`thcr th`f `t thc aj`ttcr `fljc ga thc Rtcp Sp& _hrgulh thes typc ga efajcbtegf pgeft ygu sheat i`rkct subbcss thrgulh ` pj`tcù eftg thc `llrcssevc bjeid ga orì`teb lrgwth&

Utop _p

Hcrc (ef Aelurc 0&<% wc scc ` burvc igvefl argi `f upw`ro tejtefl pj`tc`u thrgulh `f `sbcft eftg `fgthcr pj`tc`u&

Nfmurc 8!= _hc Rtcp Sp

\hy wgujo wc w`ft tg st`dejezc r`thcr th`f bgftefuc up7 _hcrc `rc thrcc lggo rc`sgfs=

8! Tcsgurbcs `rc cxh`ustco& Ugu fcco tg scburc pgsetegf `fo rcaucj&

0! _eiefl es fgt relht agr thc fcxt jcvcj ga lrgwth& Ugu fcco tg rc`sscss* drefl ef oeaacrcft t`jcft* gr w`et agr thc gppgrtufety wefogw tg gpcf tg iguft thc fcxt st`lc ga lrgwth&

4! Ugu h`vc `bhecvco ygur t`rlct `fo fgw fcco tg ocoeb`tc rcsgurbcs tg gthcr `btevety; agr cx`ipjc* cfl`lefl thc efbrc`sco d`sc ygu fgw h`vc cxpgsurc tg&

_hc Rtcp Sp es p`rtebuj`rjy caacbtevc whcf ygu h`vc t`ppco ` sgurbc ga v`juc th`t b`f prgveoc `f gflgefl strc`i ga prgaet`djc bustgicrs dut es pujjefl ygu ef oercbtegfs ygu ogf,t w`ft tg lg& Jct ic levc `f cx`ipjc tg ejjustr`tc&

Tglcr Rbhcui`ff `fo B`rgjyf \cefdcrl* gwfcrs ga Pu`rtcri`efc Bgaacc Tg`stcrs* st`rtco gut `s ^cct,s Bgaacc ! _c` prgtålås& E ict thci `atcr E wrgtc iy aerst dggk ef thcer bgaacc shgp& Et,s ` lrc`t pj`bc tg lct jgb`jjy drcwco bgaacc `fo wretc ef Dcthcso`* I`ryj`fo&

\hcf ^cct,s Bgaacc ! _c` ocbeoco tg bjgsc ogwf thc Pu`rtcri`efc dr`fo Tglcr `fo B`rgjyf dgulht et& _hcer h`ro wgrk prgoubco scvcf stgrcs `fo ` whgjcs`jc dusefcss th`t efbjuoco `f `bbguft weth \`ji`rt& Dy `jj `bbgufts thcy wcrc wcjj gf thcer w`y&

_hcf thcy brc`tco sgicthefl fcw th`t prgpcjjco thci eftg subbcss r`peojy& \grkefl weth jgb`j rcstùr`ft* Bjyoc,s Tcstùr`ft Lrgup* Tglcr `fo B`rgjyf ocvcjgpco ` bustgiezco rg`st* @iyma"s jiaem* th`t `bhecvco lrc`t subbcss ìgfl bustgicrs& Dut thc wèt stàa oeo fgt `jw`ys i`kc ` lrc`t bup ga bgaacc* sg Tglcr `fo B`rgjyf ocvcjgpco ` trèfefl prglrì tg cfsurc th`t cvcry bup w`s ufeagrijy cxbcjjcft* ` igfetgrefl prgbcss th`t iòc et pgssedjc agr Bjyoc,s Tcstùr`ft Lrgup cxcbutevcs tg octcbt hgw wcjj thcer cipjgyccs òhcrco tg thc prgbcourcs `fo ` bgursc bgrrcbtegf icthgogjgly th`t bgujo dc `ppjeco `s fccoco tg cfsurc bustgicrs wcrc lcttefl thc bgaacc cxpcrecfbc thcy w`ftco& _hes qu`jety bgftrgj systci* prcoeb`tco gf ` qu`jety bgaacc cxpcrecfbc agr bustgicrs* w`s thc effgv`tegf th`t jùfbhco thci eftg ` whgjc fcw jcvcj ga subbcss&

_hcer effgv`tegf rcquerco thci tg efst`jj `fo ièftèf thc bgaacc i`bhefcs* trèf cipjgyccs* ocvcjgp `fo l`thcr ictrebs* rcpgrt tg i`f`lcicft* `fo suppgrt cipjgyccs whcf bgaacc qu`jety wcft ogwf& _hc rcsujt w`s ` pgwcrauj bgaacc cxpcrecfbc th`t lrcw thcer dr`fo sg wcjj oci`fo igvco aerst argi rcstùr`ft tg jgb`j stgrcs& @s ` rcsujt ga thc pgpuj`rety ` vcry j`rlc bhèf pebkco up thc bgaacc& _hcer effgv`tegf hò sprefldg`roco thci argi jgb`j rg`stcr tg f`tegf`j phcfgicfgf& _hcy hò brc`tco ` Qcrteb`j Bjeid efajcbtegf pgeft&

Dut Tglcr `fo B`rgjyf oeo fgt w`ft tg lrgw* lrgw* `fo lrgw& _hcy w`ftco ` dusefcss jeacstyjc th`t i`tbhco thcer ocserc agr auf* aìejy* `fo gthcr pursuets& _hcy bjgsco ogwf `jj thc rctèjs shgps cxbcpt agr gfc th`t w`s wethef c`sy orevefl oest`fbc ga thcer hgics& _hcy sgjo thc bgaacc whgjcs`jc* dut jct lg ga i`f`lefl thc stgrcs& _hcy bgfbcftr`tco gf thcer rg`stefl a`bejety* gfc rctèj shgp* `fo duejoefl rcj`tegfsheps weth jgb`j rcstùr`fts whcrc thc t`stc ga thcer bgaacc w`s bcftr`j&

_hcf thcy rcbcevco `f gaacr agr ` scbgfo jgb`tegf& Et w`s bjgsc tg thcer hgics dut ` oeaacrcft bujturc `jtglcthcr argi thcer gfc subbcssauj stgrc& Fgt dcefl ef thc hc`rt ga ` si`jj bety jekc Dcthcso`* thcy wgujo h`vc tg `o`pt tg ` fcw bjecftcjc& @atcr sgic cx`ief`tegf thcy ocbeoco thc fcw jgb`tegf aet thcer bretcre` `fo thcy ocbeoco tg lg agrw`ro&

Dusefcss oeof,t bgic c`sy thc aerst yc`r& _hc j`fojgro oeof,t ufocrst`fo thcer styjc& _hc i`jj thcy wcrc ef hò fgt hò ` bgiiufety bgaacc shgp& _hcy hò tg aefo effgv`tevc w`ys tg `ttr`bt thc jgb`js& @s ga thes wretefl thcy `rc ef thcer scbgfo yc`r `t thc fcw jgb`tegf `fo thefls `rc lgefl wcjj* dut thcy `rc fgt pursuefl òoetegf`j lrgwth& Efstcò thcy `rc st`dejezefl* brc`tefl ` Rtcp Sp efajcbtegf pgeft& _hcy `rc wgrkefl tg jgbk ef thcer subbcss r`thcr th`f scburc fcw lrgufo&

Ssfam Fanbcdtfea [efats te Drchtc Tuddcss

\hcf ygu dclef tg pursuc efajcbtegf pgefts* ygu st`rt tg jggk `t thc wgrjo ef ` oeaacrcft w`y& Mcaa Dczgs scfsco `f efajcbtegf pgeft whcf hc jc`rfco `dgut thc r`peo lrgwth ef Eftcrfct usc thrgulh hes mgd ef ` hcolc aufo&< Hc octcriefco tg lct `hc`o ga thc burvc `fo put tglcthcr ` dusefcss pj`f* efbgrpgr`tco ef 055?* `fo turfco hes aerst prgaet ef thc agurth qu`rtcr ga 4>>0&8 Et tggk hei scvcf yc`rs ga `llrcssevc orevefl tg `bhecvc thc efajcbtegf pgeft th`t dugyco @i`zgf&bgi tg ets burrcft pgsetegf&

\eth hes kfgwjcolc ga thc bgiefl bh`flcs ef tcbhfgjgly hc w`s `djc tg dr`vc yc`rs ga efvcstgr jgsscs `fo stccr subbcssaujjy tgw`ro thc o`y whcf et wgujo `jj turf `rgufo `fo hc wgujo `bhecvc ` pgsetevc efajcbtegf pgeft* ` or`i`teb `fo ocbesevc resc ef subbcss ef hes i`rkct& _go`y* thc dusefcss hc agufoco* @i`zgf&bgi* es thc igst prgaet`djc gfjefc rct`ejcr ef thc wgrjo&5

ûrsuefl efajcbtegf pgefts rcquercs `ttcftegf tg i`rkct igvcicfts* ` bjc`r ufocrst`foefl ga cicrlefl gppgrtufetecs `fo bh`jjcflcs* thc `dejety tg qucstegf d`seb `ssuiptegfs* `fo skejj `t turfefl oesruptegf tg ygur òv`ft`lc& @jj ga thcsc `rc bgvcrco ef thc bh`ptcrs `hcò ef octèj& Dut gfbc ygu ufocrst`fo thc gppgrtufetecs th`t berbuist`fbcs `rc levefl resc tg* hgw og ygu pgsetegf ygurscja tg h`rfcss thgsc bgfoetegfs a`vgr`djy7

_jrcc Fanbcdtfea [efat _hdtfds

_hcrc `rc scvcr`j d`seb t`btebs th`t b`f dc usco tg t`kc `ov`ft`lc ga bh`flefl i`rkct bgfoetegfs& _hcy b`f dc cxcbutco efocpcfocftjy gr bgidefco tg brc`tc igrc bgipjcx rcspgfscs subh `s ` _urf`rgufo& _hc thrcc th`t E wejj cj`dgr`tc gf hcrc `rc

8! Rtgp thc Orgp

0! Rheat tg @sbcft

4! Rg`r

Efajcbtegf pgeft t`btebs `rc seipjc igvcs th`t bh`flc ygur rcj`tegfshep tg `f upw`ro gr ogwfw`ro trcfo& C`bh t`bteb es ocselfco tg `bbcjcr`tc gr st`dejezc ygur subbcss ef thc i`rkct&

Utgp tno @rgp

_hes t`bteb* shgwf ef Aelurc 0&8* es gfc ga thc igst eipgrt`ft tg jc`rf* `s et rcsbucs ygu argi eipcfoefl oes`stcr& Et t`kcs ` setu`tegf ef r`peo ocbjefc `fo brc`tcs ` pj`tcù tg stgp thc ogwfturf& Et es thc aerst st`lc ga ` _urf`rgufo* bgvcrco ef igrc octèj àtcr thc thrcc t`btebs&

Nfmurc 8!: Rtgp thc Orgp

\hcf `f grl`fez`tegf es ef arcc a`jj sgicthefl or`i`teb es b`jjco agr tg stgp thc fgscoevc&

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Real-world strategies for uncovering potential and capitalizing on opportunityInnovation is worth little unless it generates lasting success, and gaining measurable results from new ideas requires more than creative risk-taking. Successful innovation demands a tactical approach, and… (More)

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