The spermatic cord enters the testis along the posterosuperior margin, known as the mediastinum testes

Divided into lobules arrayed radially around the mediastinum testes; each lobule being composed of branching seminiferous tubules

testes
:view- transsagittal, transverse
:white echogenecities- calcification

7-8 mm diameter at the globus major (head of epididymis at mediastinum testis) and

The vas deferens courses through the spermatic cord and exits via the deep inguinal ring

At the base of the prostate, it joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

a result of uninhibited contractioins of a hypertrophied detrusor muscle due to obstructon of the prostatic urethra by enlargement of glandular tissue of the prostate

Extracapsular spread is evaluated with transrectal prostate ultarasonography with biopsy or endorectal coil MR imaging +/- MR spectroscopy

Nodal metastases may be evaluated with CT or MRI, and biopsy is performed if nodes are greater than 10 mm

If nodal disease is present, 80% have bone mets within 5 years. The obturator and internal/external iliac nodal chains are most

Bone metastases are evaluated by checking the PSA level, then performing a bone scan.

To evaluate the upper urinary tract for ureteral obstruction and obstructive nephropathy

To evaluate bladder size and estimate post-void residual urine volume, bladder wall thickness, presence of trabeculation, and formation of diverticula

The mass is well seen because it is outlined by the excreted contrast (M)

Due to abnormal configuration of the testicle on its pedicle (\u201cbell clapper deformity\u201d), leading to abnormal twisting of the spermatic cord that causes testicular ischemia. It is most common in adolescents and infants less than 12 months old.

Complete torsion: >360 degree twist. Adult males 80% testicular salvage rate when reversed within 5 hours

degrees. Relatively longer period before testicle is unsalvageable