ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

Indian Electricity Consumption Energy Conservation and Management Energy Conservation In Lighting Energy Efficient lighting Live An Energy-Efficient Lifestyle Summary and Conclusion

INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY

Gas 11% Diesel Nuclear Wind/RES 5% 1% 3% Hydro 26%

Coal 54%

INDIAN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION [2005]

Miscelleneous 6% Domestic 25% Agriculture 23%

Transport 2%

Commercial 8%

Industrial 36%

INDIAS POWER SECTOR

Resources for power generation like coal, gas are limited The hydro power is seasonal and varies depending upon the rain fall Energy deficit 8% Peak shortage 12.5%

Installed Generation Capacity (GW)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Projected power requirement

Present Status: Per capita consumption 606 units per annum Installed Capacity 1,27,423 MW (Sep, 2006)

by year 2012: Per capita consumption 1000 units per annum

Installed capacity over 2,00,000 MW

by year 2032: Per capita consumption 3000 units per annum Installed capacity about 6,00,000 to 7,00,000 MW

Government of India is targeting double digit growth rate (10%)

Present scenario and solutions

SOLUTIONS
Energy Conservation Renewable Energy Sources Distributed local generation Availability based tariff Improved power quality Demand side management Information Technology applications Benchmarking Employee training Consumer training

PRESENT SCENARIO
o Need to add 135 GW in ten years o 13,500 MW required per annum o ~ One power plant per month o China adds one per week !! o Maximum added till now is 4,600 MW (One in four months)

Energy conservation and management

EC&M is a process by which the energy required to provide services within government owned and operated assets is reduced to a minimum, while achieving the required standard of service delivery. Energy conservation efforts in the industrial sector is to lower their cost of production.

Electro-technological systems
In the electro-technological sector, one can witness the diffusion of energy efficient technologies like energy efficient lighting systems variable speed drives (VSDs),. The common sectors are: Compressed Air Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Cooling Towers Pumps Variable speed drives (VSDs) Trimming motor drives Lighting

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN

COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT
Others 11 % Lifts 6%
Lighting

23 %

HVAC 60 %

Today the global light production (in lumen) can be divided as follows on the different sectors: 44 % for lighting of commercial and public building, 29 % for industrial lighting, 15 % for residential lighting, 12 % outdoor lighting (streets, security, road signs and car parks).

Global Light Requirements

Global Lighting

Measures for energy efficient lighting

Measures which can contribute for energy efficient and economic use of lighting are as under: Sagregation of general and task lighting. Automatic switching On and Off of lighting by using sensors. Maximum use of sunlight . Light surrounding dcor. Use of energy efficient lamps (HPMV, HPSV, CFL,Slimline tubes TL5 tubes etc. etc). Use of dimmers to reduce the intensity of artificial light as the sunlight is used. High efficiency luminors. High frequency chokes.

Basic Types of Lighting There are four basic types of lighting: Incandescent Fluorescent High intensity discharge and Low pressure sodium.

Incandescent Vs Florescent
Incandescent A filament, usually of coiled tungsten wire, is heated to incandescence by the flow of current. Cheap but most expensive to operate Low efficiency 80% of the energy is lost as heat
Fluorescent Low pressure mercury is ionized inside the lamp, producing primarily ultraviolet radiant energy which causes phosphors to fluoresce. 3-5 times as efficient as incandescent 10-20 times longer life as incandescent More expensive Frequent switching on and off decreases life

COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS

COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS

Compact fluorescent lamps or CFL are the most significant lighting devices developed for homes They combine the efficiency of fluorescent lighting with the convenience and popularity of the incandescent fixtures. They can replace incandescent ones that are roughly 3 to 4 times their wattage, saving up to 70% of the initial lighting energy. They cost 10 to 20 times more than the ordinary bulbs but last 10 to 15 times as much. All this makes it the most energy efficient option for the purpose of lighting.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE

LAMPS
HID provide the longest service life and the highest quality of any lighting type. Commonly used for outdoor lighting and in large indoor areas. Lamps and fixtures can save 70%90% of lighting energy when they replace incandescent ones. The three most common types of HID lamps are the mercury vapour, metal halide, and high-pressure sodium lamps.

LOW PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS

These lamps are the most efficient having longest service life They work in some ways like fluorescent lights and is used where colour is not so important.

Typical applications include highways and security lighting.

BALLASTS

Control lamp current Provide the required startup voltage May be either magnetic or electronic Magnetic ballasts operate at 50 Hz, are heavier and less efficient. Electronic units are lighter, quieter, and more efficient, operating frequencies are 20 to 60 kHz. Dimming ballasts are also available

Energy Efficient Lighting

Replace incandescent lights with energy efficient compact fluorescent lights (CFL). Relamping incandescent or mercury vapor lamps with more energy efficient HID (high intensity discharge) lamps such as 1. metal halide, 2. high pressure sodium, or 3. low pressure sodium lamps can be effective in reducing electrical energy of lighting systems. HID lamps, however, require proper ballasts to operate effectively. These ballasts function in three ways: they provide starting voltage, limit current, and match line to arc voltage.

Illumination
Use of electronic ballast in place of conventional choke saves energy upto 20%. Use of CFL lamp in place of GLS lamp can save energy upto 70%. Clean the lamps & fixtures regularly. Illumination levels fall by 20-30% due to collection of dust. Use of sodium vapour lamps for area lighting in place of Mercury vapour lamps saves electricity upto 40%. Use of 36W tubelight instead of 40 W tubelight saves electricity by 8 to 10%.

Case Study

REPLACEMENT OF EXISTING LIGHTS

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN LIGHTING

Lighting Controls
Lights are only used when needed and only to the extend they are needed. 1. Occupancy Sensors detects the presence of people in the room and turns off light when unoccupied. Energy saving: Offices 15-70% Rest Rooms 30-75% Corridors 30-60% Classrooms 20-75% 2. Dimming Controls : Reduces the lighting intensity

Source

Incandescent
15 (low)

Fluores -cent

Fluores -cent (Trulite) * 90 (good)

CFL

Sodium Vapour

Metal Halide * 80 (good)

Halogen

Light Output (Lumen/Watt)

60

60

95

20 (low)

Useful Life (hrs)

Color Index Running Cost Limitations

1000 (low)
100% (good) High --

5000

15000 (good)
85% (good) Low None

5000

15000

12000 (good)
80% (good) Low None

2000 (low)
100% High --

55% Low --

55% Low Small ratings

40% Low Yellow light

Recommended for

Temporar y usage

Office lighting Class rooms Hospital Wards Factory sheds

--

Street lights Flood lights Industry

Temporary usage

Cost Effective Lighting Schemes

Energy Savings Possible 80 % 40 % 40 % 70 %

Present Usage GLS, Lamp 100 W TL, 40 W HPMV, 250 W HPSV, 250 W

Switch over to CFL, 20 W TL, 36 W EEL HPSV, 150 W HPSV, 70 W

BALLAST TYPES
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Parameter Power Consumption Heat Dissipation Operating Voltage Starter Requirement Cost Cost Savings Power Factor Copper Chokes 15 W High 200 V Yes Rs 150 Nil 0.50 Electronic Ballast 2-3W Low 160 V No Rs 250 Rs 230 / y > 0.9

Live An Energy-Efficient Lifestyle

Light only the area where you are working, not the whole room Turn off lights and appliances when they are not being utilized Close vents in rooms that are not being used on a regular basis and close the door Run full loads in dishwashers and washing machines Choose stove burner to fit the size of the pan you are using

Lighting Conservation Features

Summary
Switch off Unnecessary Lights Remove Redundant Fixtures Cleaning Light Fixtures, Lamp Reflectors and Room Surfaces Maximum Utilization of Natural Light Fixing Lights at Optimum Height and task lighting Optimum Voltage for Lighting System Use of Energy Efficient Lights & Ballasts Use of Timer Control Switches Use of Movement Sensors and Dimmer Control System Proper Grouping of Lights and Control

Conclusion
Electric lighting burns up to 25% of the average home energy budget. Lighting upgrades yield quick savings on energy bills but more efficient lights release less heatan indirect benefit for the air-conditioning systems. Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulbs have revolutionized energy-efficient lighting. Use of electronic ballast Live An Energy-Efficient Lifestyle

THANKYOU ALL