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In Search of the Universal InvisibleChurch
Elder Milburn Cockrell
 
Pastor - Berea Baptist Church
 
Mantachie, Mississippi
 
Chapter I
 
THE MEANING OF ‘EKKLESIA’
Throughout all Protestant Christendom there prevails the teachingthat the word church has a twofold meaning in the New Testament. Theysay at times it is used in the local sense and at other times in the senseof a universal, invisible church consisting of all believers. They make theword to have a literal sense and a figurative sense.
 
Universal church people are not agreed on just what this invisiblechurch really is. The strict dispensationalists would give this definition:"The true church, composed of the whole number of regenerate personsfrom Pentecost to the first resurrection (
I Cor. 15:52),
united together and to Christ by the baptism of the Holy Spirit (
I Cor. 12:12-13),
is thebody of Christ of which He is the Head (
Eph. 1:22-23
). As such it is aholy temple for the habitation of God through the Spirit (
Eph. 2:21-22);
is 'one flesh' with Christ (
Eph. 5:30-31
); and espoused to Him as achaste virgin to one husband (
II Cor. 11:2-4)."
(See The ScofieldReference Bible, footnote on
Hebrews 12:23,
p.
1304).
 
Strict covenant theologians have a much larger church thandispensationalists. They say: "The catholic or universal Church, which isinvisible, consists of the whole number of the elect, that have been, are,or shall be gathered into one, under Christ the head thereof; and is thespouse, the body, the fulness of Him that filleth all in all" (Confession of Faith of the United Presbyterian Church, Chap. 25, Article
1,
p. 36, of the 1961-62 annual).
 
For 117
 
years of its existence the Southern Baptist Convention hadno article of faith about the universal, invisible church. In the 1950s and1960s the liberals ceased power, and in 1962
 
a revised confession wasadopted which said: "The New Testament speaks also of the church asthe body of Christ which includes all the redeemed of all ages" (ArticleVI). This is essentially the strict covenant view of the church.
 
 T
he dispensationalists make the church to be the whole number of regenerate persons from Pentecost to the first resurrection. They would
 
exclude the Old Testament saints from being in the church and all NewTestament saints before the day of Pentecost. The covenant theologianhas a much larger church consisting of the whole number of the elect,that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one. Nevertheless, bothschools have a universal, invisible church. This view is so generallybelieved that any person who dares to reject it is branded as a"misguided fanatic."
 
In this booklet I shall not inquire any more as to what theologians andcreeds say about the church. There is no such thing as an inerrantcreed or an infallible theologian. The final court of appeal is the Bible.What men may say about the Bible is unimportant. The great questionis: What is the New Testament idea of a church? Does the NewTestament authorize only the local idea of the word church, or does itauthorize the universal, invisible idea, or both? It will be my purpose toprove that when we are shut up to the New Testament alone, only onedefinite idea of the church rules the field. In the New Testament the trueand actual church is a local, visible body of baptized believers.
 
A limited reading of the New Testament will prove that a church madedisciples (
Matt. 28:19
), baptized these disciples in water (
Matt. 28:19
),and taught them what Christ commanded (
Matt. 28:20
). A true NewTestament church received members (
Rom. 14:1
), elected officers(
Acts 1:23; 6:5
), sent out missionaries (
Acts 13:1-4
), observed theLord's Supper (
I Cor. 11
), had regular and stated meetings (
Acts 20:7; ICor. 16:1-2
), settled disputes (
Acts 15:1-41
), excluded the disorderly (
ICor. 5:9-13; II Thess. 3:14
), restored the penitent (
II Cor. 2:1-10
), andcondemned false doctrine (
Rom. 16:17-18
). None of these things couldhave been done by a universal, invisible church.
 
Since the term "the universal, invisible church" is no where found inthe New Testament, I must say that we do not have much to go on inour search. But in order to make sure the word church never has anymeaning other than a local church, we must examine every passage inthe New Testament on this important subject. Let us look into the Bookand see what God has been pleased to reveal. If the universal, invisiblechurch is of the great importance which some attach to it, surely theBible will set this doctrine forth in plain language for all to see.Otherwise, there is no need nor place for the universal, invisible church.
 
The word "church" found in our KJV is a translation of the Greek wordekklesia
.
In the Greek New Testament it occurs 115 times. In our KJVchurch is found 114 times. However, two of these times should beexcluded from our study. In
Acts 19:37
the Greek word is hierosulosnotekklesia. This is the Greek word for temple. Then in
I Peter 5:13
 
ekklesiadoes not occur in the Greek text. The word church is suppliedby the translators. 'Ekklesia is translated three times "
assembly 
" in
Acts 19
. Hence we need to subtract two passages in the KJV (
Acts19:37
and
I Peter 5:13
) which makes 112. Then we need to add 3 (
Acts19:32
,
39
,
41
). Thus giving us 115 times ekklesia occurs in the GreekNew Testament.
 
THE NON CHRISTIAN USAGE
In order to discover the primary and literal meaning of the Greek wordekklesia,
 
let us look carefully at its non- Christian usage in
Acts 19
."
For the assembly 
(ekklesia)
was confused 
" (
Acts 19:32
).
Acts 19:39
says: "
It shall be determined in a lawful assembly 
"
( 
ekklesia
 ).
Acts19:41
declares: "
He dismissed the assembly 
" (ekklesia).
 
Hence wesee the competent scholars of the King James Version believed that theliteral meaning of ekklesia
 
was "assembly." They did not translate it "thecalled out."
 
Wickcliff (1380) translates these three passages "church." Tyndale(1534), Cranmer (1539), the Geneva Bible (1557), and the RhemishVersion (1582) all translate the word in Acts 19 "congregation." The NewInternational Version, the New English Bible, The New Testament byCharles Williams, the Twentieth Century New Testament, the CentenaryTranslation, the Judaean New Testament, the Weymouth Version,Moffatt's version, and the Emphasized Bible all translate all three versesin
Acts 19
as "assembly." The Amplified New Testament translatesverse
39
and
41
"assembly," but in verse
32
it is "gathering." The NewBerkeley Version translates verse 32 and 39 "assembly," but in verse 41it is "gathering." The New Testament in Basic English has "meeting" andso does the Good News for Modern Man (a version which is so bad itought to be called bad news for any man).
 
None of these translate ekklesia
 
"the called out." If as our opponentsclaim the word means "the called out," why did not any of thesescholars so translate? Yet they say all scholars agree with them! Theword ekklesia does not mean "the called out." It means "assembly,""congregation," "gathering," or "meeting." This literal and primarymeaning precludes the so-called universal, invisible church. There is nosuch thing as an assembly which cannot assemble, or a congregationwhich never congregates. The meaning of the word prohibits such ameaning. The universal, invisible church has never assembled andnever will on this earth in this gospel age. Hence such a thing is a mereconcept of the mind, having no real existence in time or place.
 
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