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Subhash had learnt about fractions inClasses IV and V, so whenever possiblehe would try to use fractions. Oneoccasion was when he forgot his lunchat home. His friend Farida invited himto share her lunch. She had five poorisin her lunch box. So, Subhash andFarida took two pooris each. ThenFarida made two equal halves of thefifth poori and gave one-half to Subhashand took the other half herself. Thus,both Subhash and Farida had 2 fullpooris and one-half poori.Where do you come across situations with fractions inyour life?Subhash knew that one-half is written as
12
. Whileeating he further divided his half poori into two equalparts and asked Farida what fraction of the whole pooriwas that piece? (Fig 7.1)Without answering, Farida also divided her portion of thehalf puri into two equal parts and kept them beside Subhash’sshares. She said that these four equal parts together make
Fig 7.2Fig 7.1
7.1Introduction
   C    h  a  p   t  e  r   7   C    h  a  p   t  e  r   7   C    h  a  p   t  e  r   7   C    h  a  p   t  e  r   7   C    h  a  p   t  e  r   7
FractionsFractionsFractionsFractionsFractions
2 pooris + half-poori–Subhash2 pooris + half-poori–Farida
 
M
 ATHEMATICS
134
one whole (Fig 7.2). So, each equal part is one-fourth of one whole poori and4 parts together will be
44
or 1 whole poori.When they ate, they discussedwhat they had learnt earlier. Threeparts out of 4 equal parts is
34
.Similarly,
37
is obtained when wedivide a whole into seven equal partsand take three parts (Fig 7.3). For
18
, we divide a whole into eight equal partsand take one part out of it (Fig 7.4).Farida said that we have learnt that a fraction is a number representingpart of a whole. The whole may be a single object or a group of objects.Subhash observed that the parts have to be equal.
7.2 A Fraction
Let us recapitulate the discussion.A fraction means a part of a group or of a region.
512
is a fraction. We read it as “five-twelfths”.What does “12” stand for? It is the number of equal partsinto which the whole has been divided.What does “5” stand for? It is the number of equal parts which have beentaken out.Here 5 is called the numerator and 12 is called the denominator.Name the numerator of 
37
and the denominator of 
415
.
2
3
Play this Game
You can play this game with your friends.Take many copies of the grid as shown here.Consider any fraction, say
12
.Each one of you should shade
12
of the grid.
Fig 7.4Fig 7.3
 
FracFracFracFracFracInteInteInteInteInteFracFracFracFracFracInteInteInteInteInte
F
RACTIONS
135
161334
EXERCISE 7.1
1.Write the fraction representing the shaded portion.2.Colour the part according to the given fraction.
14
(v)(vi)(vii)(viii)
(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(ix)(x)49
of 00

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