CAPITOLUL 1. ORGANIZAREA CONTABILIT\u0102\u0162II \u00ceN INSTITU\u0162IILE
PUBLICE
INTRODUCERE
Capitolul trateaz\u0103 aspectele generale\u015fi no\u0163iuni introductive referitoare la
institu\u0163iile publice precum definirea\u015fi clasificarea institu\u0163iilor publice,
identificarea\u015fi delimitarea ordonatorilor de credite, responsabilit\u0103\u0163ile ce revin
acestora, dar vizeaz\u0103 \u00een acela\u015fi timp\u015fi modul de organizare al contabilit\u0103\u0163ii la
institu\u0163iile publice cu prezentarea documentelor justificative, a registrelor\u015fi
formelor de contabilitate, principiilor\u015fi politicilor contabile, tratamentelor
contabile, etc.
Parcurg\u00e2nd acest capitol ve\u0163i dob\u00e2ndi informa\u0163ii cu caracter general privind
delimitarea\u015fi func\u0163ionarea institu\u0163iilor publice \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.
OBIECTIVE OPERA\u0162IONALE
Dup\u0103 ce ve\u0163i parcurge acest capitol, ve\u0163i putea:
\ue000s\u0103 delimita\u0163i\u015fi s\u0103 clasifica\u0163i institu\u0163iile publice;
\ue000s\u0103 defini\u0163i\u015fi s\u0103 enumera\u0163i responsabilit\u0103\u0163ile ordonatorilor de credite;
\ue000s\u0103 prezenta\u0163i registrele de contabilitate\u015fi formele de contabilitate;
\ue000s\u0103 cunoa\u015fte\u0163i\u015fi s\u0103 aplica\u0163i principiile contabile;
\ue000s\u0103 identifica\u0163i tratamentele contabile aplicabile elementelor de activ\u015fi
pasiv la institu\u0163iile publice.
1.1. Defini\u0163ie\u015fi clasificarea institu\u0163iilor publice
Institu\u0163iile publice pot fi definite ca \u201eentit\u0103\u0163i patrimoniale ce desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103
activit\u0103\u0163i, de regul\u0103, sociale, \u00een folosul comunit\u0103\u0163ii, activit\u0103\u0163i care nu produc
venituri sau produc venituri evaluate la pre\u0163ul factorilor\u015fi care nu sunt suficiente
acoperirii cheltuielilor proprii, fiind necesar\u0103 alocarea de la buget de surse
pentru acoperirea acestor cheltuieli.\u201d
Institu\u0163iile publice sunt organisme prin care statul organizeaz\u0103\u015fi \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103
activit\u0103\u0163ile. Legea nr. 500/2002 privind finan\u0163ele publice prezint\u0103 structura
institu\u0163iilor publice ce func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: Parlamentul, Administra\u0163ia
Preziden\u0163ial\u0103, ministerele, celelalte organe de specialitate ale administra\u0163iei
publice, alte autorit\u0103\u0163i publice, institu\u0163iile publice autonome precum\u015fi institu\u0163iile
din subordinea lor, indiferent de modul de finan\u0163are a activit\u0103\u0163ii acestora.
Institu\u0163iile publice \u00een sensul Legii finan\u0163elor publice locale nr. 273/2006, cuprind
autorit\u0103\u0163ile unit\u0103\u0163ilor administrativ-teritoriale, institu\u0163iile publice\u015fi serviciile
publice de interes local, cu personalitate juridic\u0103, indiferent de modul de finan\u0163are
a activit\u0103\u0163ii acestora. Sistemul institu\u0163iilor publice din Rom\u00e2nia acoper\u0103
urm\u0103toarele sfere de activitate: administra\u0163ia public\u0103, \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul, cultura,
s\u0103n\u0103tatea, protec\u0163ia mediului, asisten\u0163a\u015fi protec\u0163ia social\u0103, activit\u0103\u0163ile de interes
strategic, ap\u0103rarea na\u0163ional\u0103, ordinea public\u0103, transporturile
\u015fi
telecomunica\u0163iile, cercetarea\u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103.
Institu\u0163iile publice se pot grupa dup\u0103 mai multe criterii1, astfel:
a) dup\u0103 natura activit\u0103\u0163ii:
- institu\u0163ii de administra\u0163ie public\u0103 \u2013 sunt institu\u0163ii de interes central sau
local care exercit\u0103 puterea executiv\u0103: Guvernul, ministerele, prim\u0103riile, aparatul
executiv din consiliile jude\u0163ene;
1Adriana Tiron Tudor, Ioan Gherasim, \u201eContabilitatea institu\u0163iilor publice\u201d, Editura
Dacia Cluj-Napoca, 2002
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