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BABBITT\u2019S PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT AND COLOR.\u2014PLATE I.
VARIOUS SHADES OF GRAY ARRANGED IN ANALOGICAL HARMONY.
SPECTRA OF THE SUN, SIRIUS, AND SEVERAL ELEMENTS.
BABBITT\u2019S PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT AND COLOR.\u2014PLATE II.
CHROMATIC HARMONY OF GRADATION AND CONTRAST.
CONTRASTING
CHROMATIC COLORS PLACED OPPOSITE THOSE WHICH
ANALOGICAL
HARMONY
FORM ACHEMICALAFFINITY WITH THEM
HARMONY

In the above elaborate combination of colors the artist has found it impossible to get every feature accurate although he has many beautiful and pure tints. The grays on both plates I. and II. are not sufficiently dued, the chromatic colors standing out too brilliantly, the red, for instance, in the house, fig. 6, being strong, etc. For description of plates see pp. 63, 65, 66, 69, 71, etc. The spectra are described on p. 217.

THE
PRINCIPLES
OF
LIGHT AND COLOR:
INCLUDING AMONG OTHER THINGS

THE HARMONIC LAWS OF THE UNIVERSE, THE
ETHERIO-ATOMIC PHILOSOPHY OF FORCE,
CHROMO CHEMISTRY, CHROMO THERA-
PEUTICS, AND THE GENERAL PHIL-
SOPHY OF THE FINE FORCES,
TOGETHER WITH NUMER-
OUS DISCOVERIES AND
PRACTICAL APPLI-

CATIONS.
ILLUSTRATED BY 204 EXQUISITE PHOTO-ENGRAVINGS, BESIDES FOUR
SUPERB COLORED PLATES PRINTED ON SEVEN PLATES EACH.
BY EDWIN D. BABBITT.
"Study the Light; attempt the high; seek out
The Soul's bright path."\u2014Bailey.
NEW YORK:
BABBITT & CO.,
SCIENCE HALL, 141 EIGHTH STREET.
1878.
PREFACE.
\u2014\u2014\u2014

THE preface of my work is like a Hebrew book; it begins at its very end. Having spent several years in developing this large vol- ume, what is my excuse for thrusting it out upon mankind? None at all unless human knowledge and upbuilding can be enhanced thereby.

Am I laboring under a vain delusion when I assert that no science whatever, excepting pure mathematics, has thus far reached down to basic principles\u2014that in spite of the wonderful achievements of exper- imental scientists, no definite conceptions of atomic machinery, or the fundamental processes of thermal, electric, chemical, physiological or psychological action have been attained, and that because the correla- tions of matter and force have been misapprehended? If I am de- luded and cannot depend upon the thousand facts that seem to sus- tain me and clear up so many mysteries, it is certainly a sad matter, for then no one will be made the wiser for my labors; if I am right, and so many scientists are wrong in their conceptions of force, then too there is a melancholy side to the question, for great will be the trouble of having to pull up old stakes and put down new ones, and some opinionated persons will be so indignant at having dear old be- liefs attacked, that if unable to demolish my facts in fair discussion will present one-sided views of them, or attack the author himself. I hope and pray that I may be duly abused, however, by all such crys- tallized conservatives, otherwise it will show that my efforts to advance this great cause of truth have been but feeble. After all, if this work shall develop some new and better foundations of scientific truth, sci- entific men themselves should rejoice at it even if it does cause a little trouble to adjust themselves to new conditions, for the more truth they get, the more luminous and triumphant will their pathway of progress become, and they will be able to build a superstructure upon these new foundations that is far more magnificent than any which my own limited efforts could achieve.

My discovery of the form and constitution of atoms, and their working in connection with etherial forces to produce the effects of heat, cold, electricity, magnetism, chemical action, light, color, and many other effects, was announced during our centennial year, 1876, in some New York and Chicago papers, and my ideas have been brought to still further maturity since. Having acquired this knowl- edge, it seemed quite possible at last to crystallize the subjects of

viii
PREFACE.

Light, Color, and other Fine Forces into a science, and learn their chemical and therapeutical potencies as well as many of their mystic relations to physical and psychological action.

Before reaching out into the unknown and invisible it was import- ant to establish briefly the laws of the known and visible, the misap- prehension of which has led scientists into various errors, as it seemed to me, hence my first chapters. Before being able to understand Light and Color, with any exactness, it was absolutely necessary to in- vestigate the working of atoms, and the general laws of the fine forces, so that we may not always have to move in the dark when considering them. Hence my chapter on the Etherio-atomic Philosophy of Force. Whatever may be thought of my details of atoms, it seems quite im- possible that a thoughtful mind should dispute the correctness of their general features, so absolutely capable are they of being demonstrated by facts.

It is quite time that the wonderful world of light and color which is invisible to the ordinary eye, and which is capable of being dem- onstrated by spectrum analysis and otherwise, should be made known, especially as so many mysteries of nature and human life are cleared up thereby, and such marvelous powers of vital and mental control are revealed.

I would especially ask one favor of all critics, which is, that they will examine and weigh well all departments of the work before they condemn, for it has cost too much thought and careful investigation to have it rudely and hastily passed upon. Comprising, as it does, so large a field of heretofore untrodden ground, there certainly must be some errors in spite of all my great care and desire for exact truth.

I have chosen a diluted sky-blue tint for my paper, not only because it is soothing to the nerves of the eye, but as I deem it, handsome. Calendered white, or yellowish paper is known to be irri- tating to the retina.

The beautiful engravings of this work, many of which have the steel plate finish, have been executed by the sun under the control of the Photo-Engraving Co., 67 Park Place, N. Y. For the very careful and conscientious labors of this company I am greatly indebted. The Superintendent, Mr. J. C. Moss, Vas the first, I believe, to bring these finest solar relief plates into practical use.

I owe a word of acknowledgment also to Mr. John Fahnestock, of 25 Rose St., N. Y., for the colored plates, which for beauty I have not seen surpassed on either side of the ocean.

EDWIN D. BABBITT.
SCIENCE HALL, N. Y.
CONTENTS.
\u2014\u2014\u2014
CHAPTER FIRST.\u2014HARMONIC LAWS OF THE UNIVERSE.

I. Light, I.\u2014II. Nature our Guide, I.\u2014III. Unity, 3.\u2014IV. Diversity, II. \u2014V. Harmony, 12.\u2014VI. Gradation or Progression, 16-\u2014VII. Contrast, 23.\u2014VIII. Harmony of Analogy, 31.\u2014IX. Violent Contrasts contrary to Nature's General Laws, 35.\u2014X. Nature's unrestricted Growth never dis- cordant, 36.\u2014XI. All unrestricted Growth exemplifies Moral Perfection, 38. \u2014XII. The Law of Perfection, 40.\u2014XIII. Adaptation or Fitness, 49.\u2014 XIV. Truth, 53.\u2014XV. Refinement of Material, 54.\u2014XVI. Gradation of Instrumentalities, 56.\u2014XVII. Division of Colors, 58.\u2014XVIII. Triad of Primary Colors, 61.\u2014XIX. Triad of Secondary Colors, 61.\u2014XX. Triad of Achromatic Colors, 61.\u2014XXI. Triad of Primary Grays, 62.\u2014XXII. Triad of Secondary Grays, 62.\u2014XXIII. Trinal Division of Tints and Shades. 62.\u2014XXIV. Trinal Division of Hues, 62.\u2014XXV. Nomenclature of Colors, 63.\u2014XXVI. Triad of Colors, Tones and Forms, 64.\u2014XXVII. Harmony of Gradation in Colors, 65.\u2014XXVIII. Gradation of Color in the Spectrum, 66. \u2014XXIX. Harmony of Contrast in Colors, 69.\u2014XXX. Harmonic Colors in Architecture, 71.\u2014XXXI. Colors in Dress, 73.\u2014XXXII. Colors in Flori- culture, 74.\u2014XXXIII. Synopsis of Harmonic Laws, 76.

CHAPTER SECOND.\u2014INSUFFICIENCY OF THE PRESENT
THEORIES OF LIGHT AND FORCE.

I. Science and Philosophy should be combined, 80.\u2014II. Basic Principles not yet reached. Cohesion, 81.\u2014III. Chemical Affinity, 81.-- IV. Electricity, 82. \u2014V. Gravitation, 82.\u2014VI. Physiology and Psychology, 83.\u2014VII. Light and Color, 83.\u2014VIII. Colors must be Formulated by Law, 84.\u2014IX. How isLight projected so far? 85.\u2014X. How explain Chromatic Phenomena? 85.\u2014 XI. Chemical and Therapeutical Properties of Color, 86.\u2014XII. Shadow is an Entity, 87.\u2014XIII. Correct Science requires a Knowledge of Atoms, 87. \u2014XIV. The Dynamic and Material Theory, 87.\u2014XV. Faraday, 88.\u2014XVI. Lord Bacon, 90.\u2014XVII. Locke and Tyndall, 90.\u2014XVIII. Kant, Fichte, Schelling, etc., 90.\u2014XIX. The Laws of Optics, 91.\u2014XX. New Worlds of Light and Color, 92.\u2014XXI. Summation of Points, 92.

CHAPTER THIRD.\u2014THE ETHERIO-ATOMIC PHILOSOPHY
OF FORCE.

I. Atoms, 94.\u2014II. Force, 94.\u2014III. The Size of Atoms, 94.\u2014IV. The Form of Atoms, 95.\u2014V. The Heat end of Atoms, 99.\u2014VI. Nature of Atomic Spinals, 100.\u2014VII. General Features of Atoms, 101.\u2014VIII. Ther- mo Spirals, 105.\u2014IX. Ethereal Forces, 106.\u2014X. The Primate of Force, 107.\u2014XI. Different Grades of Ether, 107.\u2014XII. Ethers have Weight, 114, \u2014XIII. Polar Cohesion of Atoms, 114.\u2014XIV. Lateral Cohesion, 115.\u2014XV. The Unity of Atoms, 116.\u2014XVI. Converse Layers of Atoms, 117.\u2014XVII. Transverse Layers of Atoms, 117.\u2014XVIII. Laws of Atomic Combination; 117.\u2014XIX. Paraverse Layers of Atoms, 119.\u2014XX. Crystalloid and Amor- phous Bodies, 120.\u2014XXI. Heat and Cold, 120.\u2014XXII. Atomic Divisions, 121.\u2014XXIII. Cohesion, 123.\u2014XXIV. Different kinds of Electricity, 124. \u2014XXV. Frictional Electricity, 124. \u2014XXVI. Chemico Electricity, 125. \u2014XXVII. Galvano Electricity, 126.\u2014XXVIII. Magneto Electricity, 126.\u2014 XXIX. Chromo Electricity, 127.\u2014XXX. Magnetism, 129.\u2014XXXI. Dia- magnetism, 132.\u2014XXXII. Phosphorescence, 135.\u2014XXXIII. Fluorescence, Calorescence, etc., 136.\u2014XXXIV. Galvanism, 139.\u2014XXXV. Direction of Frictional Electricity, 142.\u2014XXXVI. Positive and Negative Electricities, 142.\u2014XXXVII. Chemical Affinity, 145.\u2014XXXVIII. Are Atoms Animals? 151.\u2014XXXIX. Count Rumford and the Dynamic Theory, 152.\u2014XL. Weight and Specific Heat of Atoms, 155.\u2014XLI. Latent and Sensible Heat, 157. \u2014XLII. Theories of Atoms, 158.\u2014XLIII. Summation of Points, 161.

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