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Lesson
20Rotary, PositiveDisplacement TypeCompressors
Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur
1
 
 
The specific objectives of this lecture are to:
1. Discuss working principle and characteristics of a fixed vane, rolling pistontype compressor (
Section 20.1
)2. Discuss working principle and characteristics of a multiple vane, rotarycompressor (
Section 20.2, 20.3 
)3. Discuss working principle and characteristics of a twin-screw type compressor(
Section 20.4.1
)4. Discuss working principle and characteristics of a single-screw typecompressor (
Section 20.4.2 
)5. Discuss working principle, characteristics and specific advantages of a scrollcompressor (
Section 20.5 
)At the end of the lecture, the student should be able to1. Explain with schematics the working principles of rotary fixed and multiplevane type compressors, single- and twin-screw type compressors and scrollcompressors.2. Explain the performance characteristics, advantages and applications ofrotary, positive displacement type compressors.
20.1. Rolling piston (fixed vane) type compressors:
Rolling piston or fixed vane type compressors are used in small refrigerationsystems (upto 2 kW capacity) such as domestic refrigerators or air conditioners.These compressors belong to the class of positive displacement type ascompression is achieved by reducing the volume of the refrigerant. In this type ofcompressors, the rotating shaft of the roller has its axis of rotation that matches withthe centerline of the cylinder, however, it is eccentric with respect to the roller (Figure20.1). This eccentricity of the shaft with respect to the roller creates suction andcompression of the refrigerant as shown in Fig.20.1. A single vane or blade ispositioned in the non-rotating cylindrical block. The rotating motion of the rollercauses a reciprocating motion of the single vane.Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur
2
 
 
Fixed vane
Cylinder block
Rollersuction dischargeDischargevalve
Fig.20.1
: Working principle of a rolling piston type compressor 
As shown in Fig.20.1, this type of compressor does not require a suction valvebut requires a discharge valve. The sealing between the high and low pressure sideshas to be provided:
-
Along the line of contact between roller and cylinder block
-
Along the line of contact between vane and roller, and
-
between the roller and end-patesThe leakage is controlled through hydrodynamic sealing and matching betweenthe mating components. The effectiveness of the sealing depends on the clearance,compressor speed, surface finish and oil viscosity. Close tolerances and goodsurface finishing is required to minimize internal leakage.Unlike in reciprocating compressors, the small clearance volume filled withhigh-pressure refrigerant does not expand, but simply mixes with the suctionrefrigerant in the suction space. As a result, the volumetric efficiency does notreduce drastically with increasing pressure ratio, indicating small re-expansionlosses. The compressor runs smoothly and is relatively quiet as the refrigerant flowis continuous.Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur
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