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Annexes
The following seven annexes provide additional information related to the material presented in the main body of this report as directed in the
UNFCCC Guidelines on Reporting and Review
(GE.03-60887). Annex 1contains an analysis of the key categories of emissions discussed in this report and a review of the methodology usedto identify those key categories. Annex 2 describes the methodologies used to estimate CO
2 
emissions from fossilfuel combustion, the carbon content of fossil fuels, and the amount of carbon stored in products from non-energyuses of fossil fuels. Annex 3 discusses the methodologies used for a number of individual source categories ingreater detail than was presented in the main body of the report and includes explicit activity data and emissionfactor tables. Annex 4 presents the IPCC reference approach for estimating CO
2 
emissions from fossil fuelcombustion. Annex 5 addresses the criteria for the inclusion of an emission source category and discusses some of the sources that are excluded from U.S. estimates. Annex 6 provides a range of additional information that isrelevant to the contents of this report. Finally, Annex 7 provides data on the uncertainty of the emission estimatesincluded in this report.
.........................................................................................................................................................................................A-1
 
 Annexes..................................................................................................................................................A-3
 
 ANNEX 1 Key Category Analysis..................................................A-19
 
 ANNEX 2 Methodology and Data for Estimating CO
2
Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion
 
..............................................................A-19
 
2.1.Methodology for Estimating Emissions of CO
2
from Fossil Fuel Combustion
 
.................................................................................A-41
 
2.2.Methodology for Estimating the Carbon Content of Fossil Fuels
 
..................................................A-68
 
2.3.Methodology for Estimating Carbon Emitted from Non-Energy Uses of Fossil Fuels.......................................................................A-95
 
 ANNEX 3 Methodological Descriptions for Additional Source or Sink Categories
 
.A-95
 
3.1.Methodology for Estimating Emissions of CH
4
, NO, and Indirect Greenhouse Gases from Stationary Combustion
2
 
3.2.Methodology for Estimating Emissions of CH
4
, N
2
O, and Indirect Greenhouse Gases from Mobile Combustion andMethodology for and Supplemental Information on Transportation-Related GHG Emissions...................................A-102
 
..................................................................................A-130
 
3.3.Methodology for Estimating CH
4
Emissions from Coal Mining
 
....................................................................A-137
 
3.4.Methodology for Estimating CH
4
Emissions from Natural Gas Systems
 
......................................................................A-142
 
3.5.Methodology for Estimating CH
4
Emissions from Petroleum Systems
 
...............................A-145
 
3.6.Methodology for Estimating CO
2
and N
2
O Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Combustion
 
...........................A-150
 
3.7.Methodology for Estimating Emissions from International Bunker Fuels used by the U.S. Military
 
...............A-155
 
3.8.Methodology for Estimating HFC and PFC Emissions from Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances
 
....................................................................A-168
 
3.9.Methodology for Estimating CH
4
Emissions from Enteric Fermentation
 
.....................................................A-176
 
3.10.Methodology for Estimating CH
4
and N
2
O Emissions from Manure Management
 
......................................................A-198
 
3.11.Methodology for Estimating N
2
O Emissions from Agricultural Soil Management
 
.........................A-215
 
3.12.Methodology for Estimating Net Carbon Stock Changes in Forest Lands Remaining Forest Lands
 
3.13.Methodology for Estimating Net Changes in Carbon Stocks in Mineral and Organic Soils on Croplands andGrasslands.................................................................................................................................................................A-238
 
........................................................................................A-257
 
3.14.Methodology for Estimating CH
4
Emissions from Landfills.........................................A-264
 
 ANNEX 4 IPCC Reference Approach for Estimating CO
2
Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion....................................................A-274
 
 ANNEX 5 Assessment of the Sources and Sinks of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Excluded................................................................................................................................................A-281
 
 ANNEX 6 Additional Information
 
..............................................................................................................................A-281
 
6.1.Global Warming Potential Values
 
.....................................................................................................................A-288
 
6.2.Ozone Depleting Substance Emissions
 
...........................................................................................................................................A-290
 
6.3.Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
 
..........................................................................................................................A-292
 
6.4.Complete List of Source Categories
 
............................................................................................................................A-293
 
6.5.Constants, Units, and Conversions
 
.............................................................................................................................................................A-296
 
6.6.Abbreviations
 
....................................................................................................................................................A-300
 
6.7.Chemical Formulas................................................................................................................................................................A-303
 
 ANNEX 7 Uncertainty
 
....................................................................................................................................................................A-303
 
7.1.Overview
 
...........................................................................................................................................A-303
 
7.2.Methodology and Results
 
..............................................................................................................................................A-308
 
7.3.Planned Improvements
A-1
 
 
.......................................................................................A-309
 
7.4.Additional Information on Uncertainty Analyses by Source 
A-2 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2005
 
 
A-3
ANNEX 1 Key Category Analysis
The United States has identified national key categories based on the estimates presented in this report.The IPCC’s
Good Practice Guidance
(IPCC 2000) describes a key category as a “[category] that is prioritizedwithin the national inventory system because its estimate has a significant influence on a country’s total inventory of direct greenhouse gases in terms of the absolute level of emissions, the trend in emissions, or both.”
1
By definition,key categories are sources or sinks that have the greatest contribution to the absolute overall level of nationalemissions in any of the years covered by the time series. In addition, when an entire time series of emissionestimates is prepared, a determination of key categories must also account for the influence of the trends of individual categories. Therefore, a trend assessment is conducted to identify source and sink categories for whichsignificant uncertainty in the estimate would have considerable effects on overall emission trends. Finally, aqualitative evaluation of key categories should be performed, in order to capture any key categories that were notidentified in either of the quantitative analyses, but can be considered key because of the unique country-specificestimation methods.The methodology for conducting a key category analysis, as defined by IPCC’s
Good Practice Guidance
 (IPCC 2000) and IPCC’s
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (IPCC 2003)
,includes:
 
Tier 1 approach (including both level and trend assessments);
 
Tier 2 approach (including both level and trend assessments, and incorporating uncertainty analysis); and
 
Qualitative approach.This Annex presents an analysis of key categories, both for sources only and also for sources and sinks(i.e., including LULUCF); discusses Tier 1, Tier 2, and qualitative approaches to identifying key categories; provides level and trend assessment equations; and provides a brief statistical evaluation of IPCC’s quantitativemethodologies for defining key categories.Table A-1presents the key categories for the United States based on the Tier 1 approach (including and notincluding LULUCF categories) using emissions data in this report, and ranked according to their sector and globalwarming potential-weighted emissions in 2005. The table also indicates the criteria used in identifying these sourceand sink categories (i.e., level, trend, and/or qualitative assessments).
 
Table A-1: Key Source Categories for the United States (1990-2005) Based on Tier 1 Approach
IPCC Source Categories GasLevelWithoutLULUCFTrendWithoutLULUCFLevelWithLULUCFTrend WithLULUCF Qual
a
2005Emissions(Tg CO
2
Eq.)Energy
CO
2
Emissions from Stationary Combustion Coal CO
2
 
 
 
 2,093.6Mobile Combustion: Road & Other CO
2
 
 
 
 1,642.9CO
2
Emissions from Stationary Combustion Gas CO
2
 
 1,138.2CO
2
Emissions from Stationary Combustion Oil CO
2
 
 
 
 626.3Mobile Combustion: Aviation CO
2
 
 
 
 186.1CO
2
Emissions from Non-Energy Use of Fuels CO
2
 
 
 142.4Fugitive Emissions from Natural Gas Systems CH
4
 
 
 
 111.1International Bunker Fuels
b
Several
 98.2Mobile Combustion: Marine CO
2
 
 
 
 63.7Fugitive Emissions from Coal Mining CH
4
 
 
 
 52.4Fugitive Emissions from Petroleum Systems CH
4
 
 
 
 28.5
of 00

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