o"kZ
23,
la[;k
2
Qjojh]
2009
ewY; %
2
#i;s
iVuk esa lEesyu
vkfFkZd eanh ds f[kykQ la?k"kZ rFkk Hkwfe lq/kkj
lh-ih-vkbZ- ¼,e&,y½µU;w MseksØslh dhfcgkj jkT; desVh }kjk
6
Qjojh]
2009
dksjkt/kkuh iVuk ds fo|kifr Hkou es a ns'k
esa vkfFkZd eanh dslanHkZesa Hkwfe lqèkkj fo"k;ij jkT; Lrjh; lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;kx;k ftlesa jkT; ds fofHké ftyksa ls
600
ls vf/kd dk;ZdrkZ 'kkfey gq,AlEesyu dks Mk0 ,u- ds- HkV~Vkpk;Z¼lsokfuoÙk çk/;kid] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;½rFkk ikVhZds iw oZ fo/kk;d dk0 mek/kj flag us lacksf/kr fd;kAMk- HkV~Vkpk;Z usviusoäO; esa dgkfd lkezkT;oknh ns'kksa esa mRié eanh dsHkkjr ij O;kid çHkko ds fy;s 'kkldksa dhfu;kZr vk/kkfjr fodkl dhlkezkT;okn&ijLr uo&mnkjoknh uhfr;kaftEesnkj gSa o fo'ks"kdj eueksgu flag]eksUVsd flag vkgywokfy;k o fpnacje dhf=kewfrZ dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k fd;k tkukpkfg;sA yk[kks a yksx csjkstxkj gks pqds gSa ijeanh dseqdkcysds fy;sHkh tksuhfr;ka ykxw
dh tk jgh gSaos turk dksjkgr nsusdsfy;s
ugha cfYd ns'k ds vfHktkR; rcds ds fgrksadkslqjf{kr j[kusdsfy;sgS aA eanh dseqdkcys
ds fy;s Ñf"k dks etcwr djuk gksxkA oghals m|ksxksa ds mRiknksa ds fy;s ekax iSnkgksxhA blds fy;sloZçFke vko';drk gSfd Hkwfe lq/kkj ykxw fd;s tk;sa o tehumlh dh gks tks [ksrh djrk gSA Ñf"k dslkèkuks a ds fodkl ds fy;sljdkj dks cM+hek=kk esa[kpZ djuk pkfg;s o cS adk- dh jkf'kfdlkuksa dh vksj tkuh pkfg;sAdk0 mek/kj flag us,d foLrr vkys[k¼bl vad esa çdkf'kr½ çLrqr djrs gq, ns'kdh vFkZO;oLFkk dh fLFkfr ,oaorZeku vkfFkZd
eanh dk fo'ys"k.k fd;kA mUgksaus eueksguljdkj ds nkseq¡gsiu dks mtkxj djrs gq, dgk fd tqykbZ
08
rd ljdkj dg jgh Fkhfd ßekax ds vkf/kD;Þ ls mRié ßiwfrZ dsnckoÞ ds dkj.k vFkZO;oLFkk ßeqækfLQfrÞlsnh?kZdky dsfy;sihfM+r gSftldk lkeuk
djuk gksxkA vc ogh yksx ßiwfrZ dsvkfèkD;Þ lsmRié ßekax ds vHkkoÞ dhleL;k dh ckr dj jgs gSa o ßeqækfLQfrdh ijokg ugha djusÞ dh ckr dj jgs gSaAfjtoZ cSad us
3
yk[k djksM+ dh eqæk cktkjesa >ksad nh gS] dsUæ ljdkj }kjk fofHké;kstukvksa ds uke ij
2
yk[k djksM cgk;ktk jgk gS o blds vykok fofHké djksa esaNw V ds uke ij gtkjks a djksM #i;svçR;{k
:i ls cktkj esa Mkys tk jgs gSaA bldsckotwn ßekaxÞ c<+us ds ctk; ?kVrh gh tkjgh gSA vkfFkZd of) nj ?kVdj
5
çfr'krls de igqapustk jgh gSA jkstxkj esa
30
çfr'kr dh dVkSrh rd dh laHkkouk gSAloky gS ekax c<s+ Hkh rks dSls tc ns'kesa
83-6
djksM+ yksx #-
20
çfr fnu dhvk; ij xqtkjk djus ds fy;s ck/; gSaA tc vkcknh dk
72
çfr'kr Ñf"k vk/kkfjr xzkeh.kvFkZO;oLFkk ij fuHkZj gS o Ñf"k {ks=k dkjk"Vª h; vk; esa ;ksxnku
55
çfr'kr ls?kVdj
18-5
çfr'kr rd igqap x;k gSrksekax c<s+xh dSls \Hkwfe dh Hkh"k.k vlekurk] ftlesa
80
çfr'kr Hkwfeghu vFkok lhekar fdlku gSa]dh ekStwnxh esa xzkeh.k cktkj o iwjs ?kjsyw cktkj dk foLrkj laHko ugha gS o ekax
¼'ks "k i"B
7
ij½
neu o mRihM+u dsfo#) ns'k dh turk
ds tq>k# la?k"kks± dh ubZ dM+h µ ykyx<+Aif'pe caxky dh cnyrhjktuhfrd&lkekftd fLFkfr dk u;k izrhd µ ykyx<+Aif'pe caxky ds if'pe fenukiqj ftysdk ykyx<+ {ks=k vkfnokfl;ksa dsxqLls dsfoLQksV dk dsUnzcu x;k gSA yEcs le; lsiqfyl euekuh] vR;kpkjksa o ;krukvks a lsncs] djkgrs vkfnoklh
6
uoEcj]
2008
ls,d nkokuy ds:i es a [kM+sgksus yxsftlus
i- caxky dh lh-ih-,e- ljdkj rFkk ns'kds 'kkldksa dks >d>ksj fn;kA
5
uoEcj]
2008
dks NksVk isfy;k xkao esa iqfyl neuds uaxs ukp us vkfnokfl;ks a ds xqLls esamcky yk fn;k rFkk yEcs le; ls lqyx jgh vkx tu la?k"kZ ds :i esaQw V iM+hA
2
uoEcj]
2008
dks ftany LVhy dsfo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k dk mn~?kkVu dj ykSVjgs if'pe caxky ds eq[;ea=kh cq)nsoHkV~ Vkpk;ZrFkk dsUnz h; bLikr ea=kh jkefoykl
ikloku ds dkjksa ds dkfQys ds ekxZesalkycuh es agq, foLQksVksadsckn jkT; iqfyl
dk dgj ftysds vkfnokfl;ksaij VwVkA?kVukLFky ls
50
fd-eh- ds nk;js dsvkfnoklh xkaoks a dks iqfyl dkjZokbZdk dsUnz
cuk;k x;kA
4
o
5
uoEcj dksykyx<+ {ks=kds vkfnokfl;ksa ds lkFk ekjihV dh xbZA{ks=k ds
4
vkfnoklh xkao µ NksVk isfy;k]cM+k isfy;k] c'kcsM+ rFkk dVk igkM+h µiqfyl neu dk fu'kkuk cusA
5
uoEcj jkr dks ,d cM+k iqfyl cyNksVk isfy;k igqapk rFkk vkfnokfl;ksa dhfiVkbZo èkjidM+djusyxkA {ks=k dscgqr&ls
vkfnoklh ckgj dke djrs gSaA ,sls ,d vkfnoklh dks tc iqfyl idM+dj ys tkusyxh rks xzkeh.kksa] fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa] usbldk fojksèk fd;kA iqfyl us vkfnokfl;ksadh tedj fiVkbZdh rFkk bles a
8
efgykvks adkspksVs a vkb±A buesa ,d efgyk fparkef.k
eqjeq dks xaHkhj pksV yxh rFkk mldh vka[kLFkkbZ :i ls [kjkc gks xbZA blh jkrfudVoÙkhZxkao lslkaLdfrd dk;ZØe lsykSV jgs pkj Ldwyh Nk=kksadks iqfyl usfxj¶rkj dj fy;kA yEcs le; lsvkfnokfl;ksa ij vR;kpkj djus rFkk mUgsa;kruk,a nsus dh vH;Lr iqfyl ds fy, ,slkneu jkstejkZ dh ckr FkhA ijUrq] bl ckj{ks=k ds vkfnoklh iqfyl neu dks cnkZ'rdjus dsfy, rS;kj ugha FksAvxys fnu cM+ h la[;k esa vkfnokfl;ksaus ykyx<+ Fkkusdks ?ksj fy;kA Fkkus ijvkfnokfl;ksa dh la[;k c<+rh pyh xbZAiqfyl us [kks[kys vk'okluksals vkfnokfl;ksadksVkyuk pkgk] ij os blds fy, rS;kjughaFksA ckn es a iqfyl us crk;k fd fxj¶rkj
yksxksa dks fenukiqj Hkstk tk pqdk FkkA,d=k vkfnokfl;ksausiqfyl neu ds fo#) la?k"kZ dh ?kks"k.kk dh rFkk iwjs {ks=k esa iqfylds izos'k ij ikcanh yxk nhAblds ckn ykyx<+ {ks=k ds vkfnokfl;ksaesa iqfyl neu ds fo#) tu fonzksg [kM+kgks x;kA turk us lM+dsa [kksndj rFkkjkLrksa ij isM+ fxjkdj lkjs jkLrs vo#) dj fn;sA iwjs {ks=k esa iqfyl dk izos'k oftZrdj fn;k x;kA la?k"kZ ds lapkyu ds fy, turk us ßiqfyl vR;kpkj&fojksèkhtulkèkkj.k desVhÞ dk xBu fd;kAykyx<+ vkUnksyu dks O;kid leFkZufeyus yxkA >kMxzke lcfMohtu rFkklehioÙkhZ ckadqM+k ftys esa Hkh vkfnokfl;ksao fdlkuksa us la?k"kZ ds leFkZu esa jkLrsvo#) dj fn;sA la?k"kZdsleFkZu es agqxyh]
chjHkw e rFkk izkar dsvU; ftyks aes aHkh leFkZu
dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;s tkus yxsA mPpf'k{k.k laLFkkuksa ds vkfnoklh Nk=k la?k"kZdsleFkZu esa lkeus vk;sA ØkfUrdkjh otuoknh laxBu Hkh la?k"kZ dk lfØ; leFkZu
djusyxsA iwjs izkar es a ykyx<+ vkUnksyulh-ih-,e- dstu&fojksèkh 'kklu ds f[kykQtu fonzksg dk u;k izrhd cu x;kAvkfnokfl;ksa ds tu mHkkj us lÙkk:<+lh-ih-,e- dh lkft'kksa dks iaxq dj fn;kArFkkfi] lh-ih-,e- ds LFkkuh; ea=kh lq'kkar?kks"k dsusrRo esavkUnksyu ds {ks=k dh
?ksjkcanh dh xbZA vkfnokfl;ksa ds fonzksghrsojks a ds lkeus lh-ih-,e- dh xq.Mk okfguhµ ckbd fczxsM ¼eksVjlkbfdyksa ij lokjlh-ih-,e- xq.Ms½ µ {ks=k ds Hkhrj ?kqlus dklkgl ugha dj ldh] ijarq mUgksaus {ks=k dsckgj vkfnokfl;ksa dks rax djuk rFkk muij geys djuk tkjh j[kkAvkfnokfl;ks a ds O;kid fonzksg ds lkeuslh-ih-,e- ljdkj dks >qduk iM+k rFkkftys ds iqfyl vèkh{kd us nyhyiqj pkSd ij vkdj ekQh ekaxhA vkfnokfl;ksadhlHkh ekaxsa iqfyl vR;kpkj ds f[kykQ FkhatSls iqfyl vR;kpkjks a ds nks"kh iqfyldfeZ;ks a
dks n.M] ?kk;yksa dk bykt] lHkh fxj¶rkjyksxksadh fjgkbZ rFkk vLirkyksa] Ldwyksa]iapk;r Hkouksa vkfn esa iqfyl dSEi LFkkfirdsUnz esa lÙkk:<+ ;w-ih-,- ljdkj }kjkljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa otutkfr;ksa ds fy, vkj{k.k ij tcnZLrpksV dh xbZA dsUnz ljdkj ds ilZusy rFkkVªsfuax foHkkx }kjk izLrkfor foèks;d
23
fnlEcj]
*08
dks jkT; lHkk us ikfjr djfn;k ftlds vuqlkj ¼foèks;d èkkjk
4
½ xzqi^,* dh lHkh oSKkfud o rduhdh iksLVks a ij
vkj{k.k ¼dsoy U;w ure Lrj dks NksM+dj½rFkk jk"Vªh; egRo dh laLFkkvksa o bafM;ubafLVV~;wV~l vkWQ eSustesaV es a ¼xzqi ^,* dsU;w ure Lrj dksNksM+dj½ vuqlw fpr tkfr;ks a
o tutkfr;ksa ds fy, vkj{k.k oftZr djfn;k x;k gSA ,slh
47
laLFkkvksadh lwfpfoèks;d ds lkFk layXu lkj.kh esa nh xbZ gSrFkk dsUnz ljdkj dks bl lkj.kh esa vU;laLFkkvksa dks Hkh ykus dk vfèkdkj gksxkAbu laLFkkvksaesalHkh vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-] ,u-vkbZ-Vh-] vkbZ-vkbZ-,e-] ,-vkbZ-vkbZ-,e-,l]
ih-th-vkbZ- p.Mhx<+] fitesj] ikaMhpsjh]dsUnz h; fo'ofo|ky; rFkk vU; dbZ laLFkk;sa
ykyx<+(i- ca xky) % iq fyl vR;kpkjks a dsf[kykQ tu mHkkj
'kkfey gSaA;g foèks;d 'kkld oxks ± ds nkseqagsiu dk
thrk&tkxrk uewuk gSA foèks;d dk 'kh"kZd ßvuqlw fpr tkfr rFkk vuqlwfpr tutkfriksLVksa o lsokvksa esa vkj{k.k foèks;d
2008
ÞgStcfd bldk edln bu rcdks adsvkj{k.k
ds vfèkdkj dks [kRe djuk gSA ;g foèks;d ;w-ih-,- us is'k fd;k ftlds ?kVd bumRihfM+r rcdksa ds fy, dke djus dk neHkjrs gSaA ;g foèks;d jkT; lHkk esa fcukfdlh fojksèk ds ikfjr gqvkA lh-ih-,e-]lh-ih-vkbZ- tSlh ikfVZ;ksa us Hkh fojksèk ughafd;k] fu'p; gh osvU; dkeksaesa O;Lr jghgks axhA ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gSfd mDr foèks;d
ßfMikVZesaV vkWQ ilZusy ,.M Vª sfuaxÞ dhvksj ls iFohjkt pOgk.k us is'k fd;k tksizèkkuea=kh dk;kZy; ls tqM+s gSaA ;g foèks;d fu'p; gh izèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag rFkk ;w -ih-,- usrRo dsbjknks a dkstkfgj djrk gSA
bl foèks;d dksykus lsigys vuqlw fpr
tkfr;ksa ds jk"Vªh; vk;ksx lsHkh lykg ughayh xbZ tcfd lafoèkku ds vuqlkj butkfr;ksa ls lacafèkr lokyksa ij dkuwu cukrsle; vk;ksx ls lykg ysuk vfuok;Z gSAbl foèks;d dk edln ns'k ds izeq[klaLFkkuks a ds f'k{kdksa ls vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa otutkfr;ksa ds mEehnokjksa dks ckgj djnsuk gSA bu laLFkkuksa esa mPp fLFkfr;ksa dsfy, p;u euekus <ax ls fd;k tkrk gSrFkk fcuk vkj{k.k dsbu rcdks adsmEehnokjks a
dk p;u vlaHko ugha rks csgn eqf'dy gSAnjvly] ;g foèks;d vkj{k.k&fojksèkhvkUnksyu ds rdks± ij vkèkkfjr gS rFkkmlds edln dks iwjk djrk gSA eueksguflag rFkk muds dbZ ea=kh vkj{k.k&fojksèkhvkanksyu ds leFkZd jgs gSaA ;g foèks;d lafoèkku esa vuqlw fpr tkfr;ksao tutkfr;ks a
dks fn;s x;s vfèkdkj dks fujLr djrk gSAbl foèks;d dk vlyh edln mPp f'k{kk
ljdkj dh vkj{k.k&fojksËkh lkft'kksa dks ijkLr djks
¼'ks "k i"B
8
ij½ ¼'ks "k i"B
7
ij½
Hkkjr dh dE;q fuLV ikVhZ(ekDlZ oknh&ys fuuoknh) dh ds Unz h; des Vh dk eq [ki=
iz frjksËk dk Loj
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