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FY 2007 Performance and Accountability Report
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U.S. Department of Education
 
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Stewardship Expenses
In the Department of Education, discretionaryspending constitutes approximately 85 percentof the budget and includes nearly all programs,the major exceptions being student loans andrehabilitative services. Although spending forentitlement programs is usually a function of theauthorizing statutes creating the programs and isnot generally affected by appropriations laws,spending for discretionary programs is decidedin the annual appropriations process. MostDepartment programs are discretionary.Education in the United States is primarily astate and local responsibility. States,communities, and public and privateorganizations establish schools and colleges,develop curricula, and determine requirementsfor enrollment and graduation. The structure of education finance in America reflects thispredominantly state and local role. It isestimated that roughly $1 trillion will be spentnationwide on education at all levels for theschool year 2007–2008, with Department of Education expenditures, as well as loans andother aid made available as a result of theDepartment’s student financial aid programs.The Department’s FY 2007 appropriations of more than $67 billion represents about 2.4percent of the federal government’s $2.8 trillionFY 2007 budget. The federal contributionincludes education expenditures not only fromthe Department of Education, but also fromother federal agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services’ Head StartProgram and the Department of Agriculture’sSchool Lunch Program.
Investment in Human Capital
Office of Federal Student Aid.
The Office of Federal Student Aid administers need-basedfinancial assistance programs for studentspursuing postsecondary education and makesavailable federal grants, direct loans, guaranteedloans, and work-study funding to eligibleundergraduate and graduate students.
Office of Elementary and SecondaryEducation.
The Office of Elementary andSecondary Education provides leadership,technical assistance, and financial support tostate and local educational agencies for themaintenance and improvement of preschool,elementary, and secondary education. Financialassistance programs support services forchildren in high-poverty schools, institutions forneglected and delinquent children, homelesschildren, certain Native American children,children of migrant families, and children wholive on or whose parents work on federalproperty. Funding is also provided to increasethe academic achievement of students byensuring that all teachers are highly qualified toteach.
Office of Special Education andRehabilitative Services.
The Office of SpecialEducation and Rehabilitative Services supportsstate and local programs that assist in educatingchildren, youth, and adults with special needs toincrease their level of employment, productivity,independence, and integration into thecommunity. Funding is also provided forresearch to improve the quality of their lives.
Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools.
TheOffice of Safe and Drug-Free Schools supportsefforts to create safe and violence-free schools,respond to crises, prevent drug and alcoholabuse, ensure the health and well-being of students, and teach students good citizenship andcharacter. Special character and civic educationinitiatives are funded to reach those in state andlocal correctional institutions. Grants emphasizecoordinated, collaborative responses to developand maintain safe, disciplined, and drug-freelearning environments.
Office of Innovation and Improvement.
TheOffice of Innovation and Improvement makesstrategic investments in educational practicesthrough grants to states, schools, and communityand nonprofit organizations. The office leads
FY 2007 Performance and Accountability Report—U.S. Department of Education
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the movement for greater parental options suchas charter schools. The office also supportsspecial grants designed to raise studentachievement by improving teachers’ knowledgeand understanding of and appreciation fortraditional U.S. history.
Institute of Education Sciences.
The Instituteof Education Sciences compiles statistics; fundsresearch, evaluations, and informationdissemination; and provides research-basedguidance to further evidence-based policy andpractice focused on significant educationproblems. Research programs examineempirically the full range of issues facingchildren and individuals with disabilities,parents of children with disabilities, schoolpersonnel, and others. The National Library of Education is the largest federally funded librarydevoted entirely to education and providesreference and information services, collectionand technical services, and resource sharing andcooperation.
Office of English Language Acquisition.
TheOffice of English Language Acquisition directsprograms designed to enable students withlimited English proficiency to become proficientin English and meet state academic content andstudent achievement standards. Enhancedinstructional opportunities are provided tochildren and youths of Native American, AlaskaNative, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, andimmigrant backgrounds. Grants pay the federalshare of the cost of model programs for theestablishment, improvement, or expansion of foreign language study in elementary andsecondary schools.
Office of Vocational and Adult Education.
The Office of Vocational and Adult Educationprovides leadership, technical assistance, andfunding for adult education and career andtechnical education to state and local agencies tohelp students improve their literacy skills andprepare them for postsecondary education andcareers through strong high school programs andcareer and technical education. The officeensures the equal access of minorities, women,individuals with disabilities, and disadvantagedpersons to career and technical education andadult education and ensures that career andtechnical education students are held to the samechallenging academic content and academicachievement standards established by the stateunder the
 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
.Funding is also provided to promoteidentification and dissemination of effectivepractice in raising student achievement in highschools, community colleges and adulteducation programs, and lead targeted researchinvestments
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Office of Postsecondary Education.
TheOffice of Postsecondary Education providesgrants to colleges and universities to: promotereform, innovation, and improvement inpostsecondary education; increase access to andcompletion of postsecondary education bydisadvantaged students; strengthen the capacityof colleges and universities that serve a highpercentage of minority and disadvantagedstudents; and improve teacher and studentdevelopment resources. The internationalprograms promote international education andforeign language studies and research. Theoffice administers the accrediting agencyrecognition process and coordinates activitieswith states that affect institutional participationin federal financial assistance programs.
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