San Jose State University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

ME 120 Experimental Methods

Vibration Measurement
BJ Furman 22NOV05

BJ Furman

SJSU MAE

Vibration
Potential Kinetic energy interchange in bodies with finite stiffness and mass that arises from time dependent energy input
Unbalance in rotating machines Acoustic energy input Fluid flow Electromagnetic Y(t) F(t)

BJ Furman

SJSU MAE

Quantifying Vibration Amplitude

Peak level Peak-to-peak Average (rectified) RMS
Takes into account the time history of vibration
http://www.bksv.com/pdf/Measuring%20Vibration.pdf

BJ Furman

SJSU MAE

Vibration Measurement Transducers

Displacement
LVDT Eddy current Capacitive Hall

BJ Furman

SJSU MAE

Vibration Measurement Transducers cont.

Velocity
Geophone
dy V (t ) = BDN dt
Very sensitive, 20 V/g Low frequencies Low cost

http://micromachine.stanford.edu/smssl/projects/Geophones/

fixed

Laser doppler vibrometer

Rate of change of phase laser between reference beam and measurement beam proportional to velocity of target
BJ Furman SJSU MAE

Ref. beam

vibration

Meas. beam

detector

Laser Doppler Vibrometer, cont.

Polytec PI
OFV-2200

http://www.polytec.de/polytec-com/index.html
Velocity ranges (3): Full scale output velocity: Max. signal frequency: Displacement ranges (5): version OFV-2200-H Displacement ranges (5): version OFV-2200-L Full scale output displacement : Maximum velocity for the displacement decoders: Remote focus control: Interfaces: Dimensions: WxHxD Approximate Weight: Compatible with sensor heads: 5, 25 and 125 mm/s/V 10 Volts analog 250 kHz 0,5 2, 8, 20 & 80 m/V [Resolution: 2nm to 320nm (*)] 20, 80, 320, 1280 & 5120m/V [Resolution: 80nm to 20m (*)] 8 Volts analog 1.6 m/s Standard with OFV-303 None 450mm x 360mm x 145mm 17.7in. x 14.2in. x 5.7in. 10.8kg (23.8lbs) OFV-303, OFV-353, OFV-511, OFV-512

BJ Furman

SJSU MAE

Vibration Measurement Transducers cont.

Acceleration
Accelerometer
Piezoelectric Compression Shear Bending

http://www.mmf.de/PDF/AN3E-Accelerometer_Designs.pdf

Piezoresistive
http://www.endevco.com/PDFs/technical-data-sheets/TD530.pdf
BJ Furman SJSU MAE

Acceleration Levels

http://www2.usfirst.org/2005comp/Manuals/Acceler1.pdf
BJ Furman SJSU MAE

Accelerometer Specifications
Endevco model 22
1 10,000 Hz 0.14 gm
http://www.endevco.com/data-sheets/0-99/22.pdf

BJ Furman

SJSU MAE

Accelerometers, cont.
MEMS accelerometers
ADXL150
http://archives.sensorsmag.com/articles/0201/20/index.htm

1.6 micron separation of mass to substrate 1.3 micron separation of cap plates

0.1 gm
0.2 Angstrom beam deflection resolution 10 kHz 20 kHz resonant frequency

http://www.analog.com/library/techArticles/mems/Sensor971/index.html
BJ Furman SJSU MAE

MEMS Accelerometers, cont.

ADXL105 single-axis accelerometer
5g range 250 mV/g output (2 mg resolution achievable) DC sensitivity Tilt and acceleration effects are confounded

Drive, sense, amplification, and signal conditioning on a single chip Applications:

Airbag crash sensor Tilt sensor Machine condition monitoring
Unbalance Bearing or bushing failure Tool failure
BJ Furman SJSU MAE http://www.analog.com/productSelection/pdf/ADXL105_a.pdf

MEMS Accelerometers, cont.

ADIS16201 - Programmable Dual-Axis Inclinometer/Accelerometer
Features
Dual-axis inclinometer/accelerometer measurements 12/14-bit digital inclination/acceleration sensor outputs +1.7 g accelerometer measurement range +90o inclinometer measurement range 12-bit digital temperature sensor output Digitally controlled sensitivity and bias calibration Digitally controlled sample rate Digitally controlled frequency response Dual alarm settings with rate/threshold limits Auxiliary digital I/O Digitally activated self-test Digitally activated low power mode SPI compatible serial interface Auxiliary 12 bit ADC input and DAC output Single-supply operation 3.0 to 3.6V 3500 g powered shock survivability

BJ Furman

SJSU MAE

Thermal Accelerometers

http://archives.sensorsmag.com/articles/0601/98/index.htm

http://www.memsic.com/memsic/products/technology.html
BJ Furman SJSU MAE

References
Analog Devices, Inc., Accelerometer Design and Applications, http://www.analog.com/library/techArticles/mems/sensor971.pdf, November 2002. Analog Devices, Inc., Analog Devices Introduces Highly Integrated Motion Sensor For Industrial Applications, http://www.analog.com/en/content/0,2886,764%255F800%255F8 6889,00.html Bruel & Kjaer, Measuring Vibration, September, 1982. http://www.bksv.com/pdf/Measuring%20Vibration.pdf Endevco Corporation, Vibration Application and Theory, Application Note 530, October 1979, http://www.endevco.com/PDFs/technical-data-sheets/TD530.pdf Figliola, R. S., Beasley, D. E., Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 3rd ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000. Accelerometers and How They Work, http://www2.usfirst.org/2005comp/Manuals/Acceler1.pdf
BJ Furman SJSU MAE