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Practical 1 -Study of boiler mountings and accessoriesBOILER:
 A boiler is used to generate steam at a desired pressure and temperature bytransferring heat produced by burning fuel to water to change it to steam.It is a term applied to that device which generates steam at minimum pressure of 3.5bar having minimum capacity of 22.75 litres.
FIRE TUBE BOILER:
In fire tube boiler, hot gases pass through the tubes and water surrounds them. Heatfrom the gases (produced by combustion) is transferred to water, which is thenconverted to steam.
WATER TUBE BOILER:
In water tube boiler, water flows inside the tubes and the hot gases flow outside thetubes
.
Water tube boilerFire tube boiler
1.
When water is contained inside thetubes (called water tube) which aresurrounded by flames and hot gasesfrom outside, then the boilers arenamed as water tube boilers.
1.
When the flames and hot gases,produced by combustion of fuel, passthrough the tubes (called multitubes)which are surrounded by water, then theboilers are named as fire tube boilers
 2.
They are safe, quick steaming,flexible in construction and operation.2.
 
They have advantage of low cost andcompact design.3. These boilers are extensively usedbecause they can be built for highpressure and large evaporative capacities.3.
 
They are used where steam pressuredoes not exceed about 10 bar and wheremoderate quantity of steam is required.
 4.
Example of water tube boilers are-Babcock and Wilcox boiler, stirling
 
boiler,Lamont boiler, Benson Boiler, loeffler boiler
 4.
Examples of fire tube boilers are simplevertical boiler, Lanchashire boiler, Cocharnboiler, Locomotive boiler.
Boiler mountings and accessories:
Boilers are equipped with two categories of components: boiler mountings andboiler accessories.
Boiler mountings
are the machine components that are mounted over thebody of the boiler itself for the safety of the boiler and for complete control of theprocess of steam generation. Various boiler mountings are as under:
1) 
Pressure gauge.
 2) 
Fusible plug.
 3) 
Steam stop valve
 4) 
Feed check valve
5) 
Blow off cock 
6) 
Man and mud holes.
 
1.
Pressure gauge:
Function: 
To record the steam pressure at which the steam is generated in the boiler.
 A bourden pressure gauge in its simplest form consists of elliptical elastic tube ABC bent into an arc of a circle as shown in figure.
This bent up tube is called as BOURDEN’S tube.
One end of tube gauge is fixed and connected to the steam space in the boiler.
The other end is connected to a sector through a link.
 2.
Fusible plug:
Function: 
To extinguish fire in the event of water level in the boiler shell falling belowa certain specified limit.It protects fire tubes from burning when the level of the water in the water shell fallsabnormally low and the fire tube or crown plate which is normally submerged in thewater, gets exposed to steam space which may not be able to keep it cool.
It is installed below boiler's water level.
When the water level in the shell falls below the top of the plug, the steamcannot keep it cool and the fusible metal melts due to over heating. Thus the copperplug drops down and is held within the gunmetal body by the ribs. Thus the steamspace gets communicated to the firebox and extinguishes the fire. Thus damage tofire box which could burn up is avoided. By removing the gun metal plug and copperplug the fusible plug can be put in position again by interposing the fusible metalusually lead or a metal alloy.
 3.
Steam stop valve
 A 
valve
is a device that regulates the flow of a fluid (gases, fluidizedsolids, slurries, orliquids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing variouspassagewaysFunction: to shut off or regulate the flow of steam from the boiler to the steampipe or steam from the steam pipe to the engine.When the hand wheel is turned, the spindle which is screwed through the nut israised or lowered depending upon the sense of rotation of wheel. The passage forflow of steam is set on opening of the valve.
 4.
Feed check valve:
 
i) To allow the feed water to pass into the boiler.ii) To prevent the back flow of water from the boiler in the event of the failure of thefeed pump.
 
5.
Blow off cock.
Function: To drain out the water from the boiler for internal cleaning, inspection orother purposes.
6.
Man and mud holes:
To allow men to enter inside the boiler for inspection and repair.
Boiler accessories
are those components which are installed either inside oroutside the boiler to increase the efficiency of the plant and to help in the properworking of the plant. Various boiler accessories are:
1) 
 Air Preheater
 2) 
Economizer
 3) 
Superheater
1.
 Air preheater:
Waste heat recovery device in which the air to on its way to the furnace isheated utilizing the heat of exhaust gases
 2.
Economiser:
Function: 
To recover some of the heat being carried over by exhaust gases (This heat isused to raise the temperature of feed water supplied to the boiler.
3. Superheater :
To superheat the steam generated by boilerSuper heaters are heat exchangers in which heat is transferred to the saturatedsteam to increase its temperature.
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