• Embed Doc
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • CommentGo Back
Download
 
February 26, 2009
Death On Your Doorstep
There has been no shortage of ink spilled onto the broadsheet pagesof daily newspapers over the collapse of the print industry. It hasbecome a staple story of the new century and a dramatic one at that: Asingle Web site wipes out hundreds of millions of dollars in classified-ad revenue in a few quick years; legions of anonymous bloggers exertsway over public opinion equal to that of any self-respecting, war-mongering newspaper baron. This week, the big story is that JournalRegister Company, which owns
The
 
Record 
,
The Saratogian
,Kingston’s
Daily Freeman
, and the
Community News
in Clifton Park—and which recently shuttered
The Independent 
in Columbia County—has filed for bankruptcy protection. According to the Associated Press,JRC claims its revenues are down 20 percent since 2006, and thecompany’s debt surpasses its assets by more than $100 million.Last year, 21,000 newspaper employees in this country cleared out their desks to join the ranks of theunemployed, because their jobs just ceased to exist. These editors, photographers, and reporters found thattechnology had delivered a way to supplant them, just as it did to the manufacturing sector before them. AsGreg Dahlmann, a former WAMC producer, puts it: “Their job function has been disaggregated.” A rough tallyof the layoffs and early retirements over the past six months throughout the Capital Region’s newspaper industry totals more than 50 people.Rex Smith, managing editor of the
Times Union
, is harried and running late between appointments when hesits down to discuss the perilous fate of his industry. As one would expect, he doesn’t have much good newsto offer. January was a bad month. Smith had to lay off a couple of part-time employees, and the paper scaledback its print product by 28 pages a week, cutting out its Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday feature sections.
We did a buyout last summer, seven or eight positions,” Smith says, “and then we have had some attrition.What we’re told is our company doesn’t really believe that the newspaper revenues are going to come backthis year. And I think that it is only a matter of time, unless there is a sudden resurgence in the Americaneconomy, I don’t see how we can avoid anything other than a smaller newsroom in the future.”At its height in 1997, the
TU 
employed 147 people in its newsroom. The average had been 134, Smith says.Now they are down to 120.
The Daily Gazette
in Schenectady, at its height in 1990, employed 110 newspeople. Now it employs 50scattered throughout a newsroom filled with empty desks. In one corner of the newsroom, now dark andunused, is the once-buzzing clips library, where full-time staffers would cut out articles from each issue andstore them away in a wall of metal file cabinets. Reporters and editors now help themselves to the old clips, or go online for PDFs.Last month was miserable for Judith Patrick, the managing editor of the
Gazette
. The paper shed 10employees in a single round of layoffs. It was a drastic move, made in the hopes that it would stave off anyfurther layoffs in 2009. Since May of last year, the
Gazette
has been trapped in a sickening three-month cycle
Rex SmithPhoto: Alicia Solsman
 
of layoffs. It was just too crushing for morale.
All together, since last May,” Patrick says, “we have laid off 19 people—reporters, editors, photographers,clerks, a receptionist who we loved dearly.”The
Gazette
dropped its Lifestyles section three times a week, as well.
The fact is that the traditional business model for newspapering isn’t working well anymore,” says Smith. “Allthose big advertisers who have been buying all those nice, big full-page ads are vanishing.” It is a trend that isonly quickening in this economic downturn. “Circuit City is gone. Off goes Rex Appliance. And you worry aboutthe department stores. You worry about Macy’s.”Although Smith does entertain some pet notions for how to “save journalism,” neither he nor his parentcompany, Hearst Corp., nor anyone else has yet to offer a compelling strategy for how to reverse theindustry’s steady decline. So far, and for the foreseeable future, truncating against losses appears the only realstrategy.On the second Friday in February, managing editor Parry Teasdale stood with members of his staff at thebottom of the steps of his Hillsdale-based newspaper,
The Independent 
, and listened as a JRC representativetold them all that their jobs no longer existed starting at the end of the day. “They came down, and said,‘You’ve done a good job, people. This is a good paper, but you know that the company is in trouble, so finishthe issue you are doing, clean out your desks and don’t come back,’” says Teasdale. “And then they closeddown a paper that existed for 36 years.’”The corporation issued its official statement, and handed it off to Teasdale to distribute to his shell-shockedstaff. The only blank that was left on the company’s edict for Teasdale to fill in was how old the paper was. Itappeared that nobody at JRC, he says, “knew how long the paper had been in existence.”(Teasdale has signed a non-defamation agreement with JRC as part of his severance package, so he chooseshis words about his former employers carefully.)He had been the editor of the
Woodstock Times
for 15 years before taking the managing editor position at
TheIndependent 
. When he started in 2000, the twice-weekly community sheet was owned by a local couple whohad bought it from its original owners. In 2001, the paper was sold to JRC. “They sold it,” Teasdale says,“when newspapers were still being paid for at really high rates. JRC was on an acquisition binge.”JRC’s acquisition binge is legendary in the business. According to a 1999
 American Journalism Review 
articleby Mary Walton, after going public in 1997, JRC attacked the newspaper industry with a two-prong ownershipstrategy: acquire as many properties as possible and squeeze these news operations for as much profit asthey could produce. The company developed a reputation for cutthroat management, Walton’s articlecontinues, by paying its reporters at the time a base salary of $17,000, straining its employees under theconstant threat of firing, forcing them to perform multiple job functions, even checking reporters’ car odometersagainst their expense accounts. A 30-year newspaper veteran told Walton that his stint at JRC was the worstexperience in his career: “I can live with cautious people looking to cut fat, but not bone and muscle. That’swhat JRC does.”
JRC,” Teasdale says, “became the poster child of financial trouble because it had such a huge debt load.”
The company made a bet,” he continues. “They bought up a lot of properties. They wanted to grow byacquisition, because it is very slow to create new companies. But the thing about being the bigger fish thatswallows the smaller fish is that you always have to be worried about the fish behind you. And in the late ’90s,and in the early part of this century, one of the ways to prevent having the bigger fish from swallowing you upwas by having debt. You would be much less attractive for takeover if the company that buys you would haveto assume a lot of debt. So JRC made a bet in 2004 on buying a large chain of suburban newspapers in
 
Detroit. Now, maybe it seemed like Detroit was going to come roaring back after two decades of faltering, butthey spent hundreds of millions of dollars.”This was when the newspapers still had a patina of invincibility, he says, and the financial culture was—as isnow so obvious—deluded by its own equal sense of invincibility. The banks were happy to allow JRC toleverage itself to the maximum.
Then the economy turned sour, and the banks wanted their money back,” Teasdale says.Before JRC was kicked out of the New York Stock Exchange, its shares were trading at 3 cents.Yet JRC doesn’t stand alone in its ruthless pursuit of profits. Until only the past few years, owning a newspaper chain had been an extremely lucrative business proposition, providing profit margins upwards of 30 percent.The industry was once full of properties that were seen, as Warren Buffet described, as “indestructible slotmachines.”
In the 1990s,” says former 
Times Union
editor Dan Lynch, “there was a fundamental change in thenewspaper business to a wide variety of thinking that was not for the better. A conviction set in at the highestlevels of the newspaper business that daily newspapers were a ‘mature industry.’ And since most of thesenewspapers are owned by large multimedia corporations, the thinking was that now is the time to milk thesethings for cash, because this is an industry without any realistic possibility of growth. So let’s cut the staff. Let’snot print anything in the paper that might piss off anybody and disrupt the flow of revenue.”Lynch worked for the
Times Union
during the ’80s and ’90s, the modern heyday of the newspaper industry,and remembers most of that time fondly. But by the time he left the paper, he was happy to be done with thebusiness. Newspapers were all too willing, he says, to trade their constitutionally protected privilege of “holdinggovernment accountable” for revenue.
There was an unspoken, but very real, determination on the part of the upper-level managers of thenewspaper industry in general that they wanted to do less and less of the kind of reporting that would piss off the power structure and would cost them money.” For example,
The New York Times
, he notes, took a largestate grant for the construction of a new office building in Manhattan. “And it is not unreasonable to presumethat made them less eager to report on corruption in the Pataki administration. That led to an inevitable declinein the product that is evident to everybody.”
And that is just one example,” he adds. “There are plenty of others.”At the same time, in the 1990s, while newspaper owners were looking to maximize profits by gutting thenewsrooms, the captains of this “mature industry” saw in a new technology an opportunity to further cut costs.
As the Internet came to life,” says Lynch, “publishers all over the country began to believe that it was atechnology that would allow them to abandon the print product. They wouldn’t have to have those big presses.They wouldn’t have to have all those trucks. They wouldn’t have to pay for paper. We could just put this thingonline and our costs would drop dramatically. All across the country, including at the
Times Union
, publishersbegan to take their prized and very expensive news content and put it online for free.”
The thought,” Rex Smith adds, “seven or eight years ago was, here comes this Internet thing. We’re gonnaimprove our Web site, and people will buy ads, and we’re just going to go for lots of traffic, and the traffic willattract the advertising, and the advertising will support our staff.”Lynch disagreed with that strategy. His argument at the time: “We paid a lot of money for this content. This iswhat distinguishes us from our competition. If you are going to put it online for free, especially at a time whenyou don’t know how you will transfer ad revenue from the paper product to the online product, you will be
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...